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Huang Y, Liu T, Huang Q, Wang Y. From Organ-on-a-Chip to Human-on-a-Chip: A Review of Research Progress and Latest Applications. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3466-3488. [PMID: 38991227 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) technology, which emulates the physiological environment and functionality of human organs on a microfluidic chip, is undergoing significant technological advancements. Despite its rapid evolution, this technology is also facing notable challenges, such as the lack of vascularization, the development of multiorgan-on-a-chip systems, and the replication of the human body on a single chip. The progress of microfluidic technology has played a crucial role in steering OOC toward mimicking the human microenvironment, including vascularization, microenvironment replication, and the development of multiorgan microphysiological systems. Additionally, advancements in detection, analysis, and organoid imaging technologies have enhanced the functionality and efficiency of Organs-on-Chips (OOCs). In particular, the integration of artificial intelligence has revolutionized organoid imaging, significantly enhancing high-throughput drug screening. Consequently, this review covers the research progress of OOC toward Human-on-a-chip, the integration of sensors in OOCs, and the latest applications of organoid imaging technologies in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Huang
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan 610212, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qi Huang
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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2
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Wei H, Li W, Zeng L, Ding N, Li K, Yu H, Jiang F, Yin H, Xia Y, Deng C, Cai N, Chen X, Gu L, Chen H, Zhang F, He Y, Li J, Zhang C. OLFM4 promotes the progression of intestinal metaplasia through activation of the MYH9/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:124. [PMID: 38849840 PMCID: PMC11157765 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is classified into complete intestinal metaplasia (CIM) and incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IIM). Patients diagnosed with IIM face an elevated susceptibility to the development of gastric cancer, underscoring the critical need for early screening measures. In addition to the complexities associated with diagnosis, the exact mechanisms driving the progression of gastric cancer in IIM patients remain poorly understood. OLFM4 is overexpressed in several types of tumors, including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers, and its expression has been associated with tumor progression. METHODS In this study, we used pathological sections from two clinical centers, biopsies of IM tissues, precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) cell models, animal models, and organoids to explore the role of OLFM4 in IIM. RESULTS Our results show that OLFM4 expression is highly increased in IIM, with superior diagnostic accuracy of IIM when compared to CDX2 and MUC2. OLFM4, along with MYH9, was overexpressed in IM organoids and PLGC animal models. Furthermore, OLFM4, in combination with Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), accelerated the ubiquitination of GSK3β and resulted in increased β-catenin levels through the Wnt signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation and invasion abilities of PLGC cells. CONCLUSIONS OLFM4 represents a novel biomarker for IIM and could be utilized as an important auxiliary means to delimit the key population for early gastric cancer screening. Finally, our study identifies cell signaling pathways involved in the progression of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfa Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Jinping, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- The Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Scientific Research Center, The Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ni Ding
- Scientific Research Center, The Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China
- The Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Scientific Research Center, The Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Cuncan Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Nan Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiancong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Huanjie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Jinping, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Jinping, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China.
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Scientific Research Center, The Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Bustamante-Madrid P, Barbáchano A, Albandea-Rodríguez D, Rodríguez-Cobos J, Rodríguez-Salas N, Prieto I, Burgos A, Martínez de Villarreal J, Real FX, González-Sancho JM, Larriba MJ, Lafarga M, Muñoz A, Fernández-Barral A. Vitamin D opposes multilineage cell differentiation induced by Notch inhibition and BMP4 pathway activation in human colon organoids. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:301. [PMID: 38684650 PMCID: PMC11058856 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms involved in colonic epithelial differentiation is key to unraveling the alterations causing inflammatory conditions and cancer. Organoid cultures provide an unique tool to address these questions but studies are scarce. We report a differentiation system toward enterocytes and goblet cells, the two major colonic epithelial cell lineages, using colon organoids generated from healthy tissue of colorectal cancer patients. Culture of these organoids in medium lacking stemness agents resulted in a modest ultrastructural differentiation phenotype with low-level expression of enterocyte (KLF4, KRT20, CA1, FABP2) and goblet cell (TFF2, TFF3, AGR2) lineage markers. BMP pathway activation through depletion of Noggin and addition of BMP4 resulted in enterocyte-biased differentiation. Contrarily, blockade of the Notch pathway using the γ-secretase inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) favored goblet cell differentiation. Combination treatment with BMP4 and DBZ caused a balanced strong induction of both lineages. In contrast, colon tumor organoids responded poorly to BMP4 showing only weak signals of cell differentiation, and were unresponsive to DBZ. We also investigated the effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) on differentiation. Calcitriol attenuated the effects of BMP4 and DBZ on colon normal organoids, with reduced expression of differentiation genes and phenotype. Consistently, in normal organoids, calcitriol inhibited early signaling by BMP4 as assessed by reduction of the level of phospho-SMAD1/5/8. Our results show that BMP and Notch signaling play key roles in human colon stem cell differentiation to the enterocytic and goblet cell lineages and that calcitriol modulates these processes favoring stemness features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Bustamante-Madrid
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Albandea-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Cobos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Salas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Burgos
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez de Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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Swanton C, Bernard E, Abbosh C, André F, Auwerx J, Balmain A, Bar-Sagi D, Bernards R, Bullman S, DeGregori J, Elliott C, Erez A, Evan G, Febbraio MA, Hidalgo A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Joyce JA, Kaiser M, Lamia K, Locasale JW, Loi S, Malanchi I, Merad M, Musgrave K, Patel KJ, Quezada S, Wargo JA, Weeraratna A, White E, Winkler F, Wood JN, Vousden KH, Hanahan D. Embracing cancer complexity: Hallmarks of systemic disease. Cell 2024; 187:1589-1616. [PMID: 38552609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The last 50 years have witnessed extraordinary developments in understanding mechanisms of carcinogenesis, synthesized as the hallmarks of cancer. Despite this logical framework, our understanding of the molecular basis of systemic manifestations and the underlying causes of cancer-related death remains incomplete. Looking forward, elucidating how tumors interact with distant organs and how multifaceted environmental and physiological parameters impinge on tumors and their hosts will be crucial for advances in preventing and more effectively treating human cancers. In this perspective, we discuss complexities of cancer as a systemic disease, including tumor initiation and promotion, tumor micro- and immune macro-environments, aging, metabolism and obesity, cancer cachexia, circadian rhythms, nervous system interactions, tumor-related thrombosis, and the microbiome. Model systems incorporating human genetic variation will be essential to decipher the mechanistic basis of these phenomena and unravel gene-environment interactions, providing a modern synthesis of molecular oncology that is primed to prevent cancers and improve patient quality of life and cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Elsa Bernard
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Fabrice André
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Paris Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Allan Balmain
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gerard Evan
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Area of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Katja Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Miriam Merad
- Department of immunology and immunotherapy, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Musgrave
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Haematology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashani Weeraratna
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, WIBR, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Douglas Hanahan
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Translational Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Park SJ, Song IH, Yeom GS, Nimse SB. The microtubule cytoskeleton: A validated target for the development of 2-Aryl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116106. [PMID: 38181711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of 2-Aryl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were developed to target intra- and extracellular microtubule networks. Compounds O-7 and O-10 showed impressive anti-proliferative activity across various tested cell lines, demonstrating selectivity indexes of 151.7 and 61.9, respectively. O-7 achieved an IC50 value of 0.236 ± 0.096 μM, while O-10 showed an IC50 value of 0.622 ± 0.13 μM against A549 cell lines. The induction of early-stage apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner further underscored the potential of O-7 and O-10 as effective anti-proliferative agents. O-7 and O-10 exhibited substantial inhibition of wound closure, with wound closure percentages decreasing from 23% at 0 μM to 0.43% and 2.62% at 20 μM, respectively. Colony formation reduction rates were impressive, with O-7 at 74.2% and O-10 at 81.2%. These results indicate that the O-7 and O-10 can impede cancer cell migration and have a high potential to curtail colony formation. The mode of action investigations for O-7 and O-10 revealed that O-7 could inhibit in vitro tubulin polymerization and disrupt the intracellular microtubule cytoskeleton. This disruption led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, indicating that O-7 exerts its anticancer activity through microtubule destabilization. However, O-10 shows a different mode of action than O-7 and requires further investigation. Overall, our study showcases the potential of the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives as novel and selective anticancer agents, motivating further exploration of their pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Park
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Song
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - Gyu Seong Yeom
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea
| | - Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, South Korea.
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Oser MG, MacPherson D, Oliver TG, Sage J, Park KS. Genetically-engineered mouse models of small cell lung cancer: the next generation. Oncogene 2024; 43:457-469. [PMID: 38191672 PMCID: PMC11180418 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains the most fatal form of lung cancer, with patients in dire need of new and effective therapeutic approaches. Modeling SCLC in an immunocompetent host is essential for understanding SCLC pathogenesis and ultimately discovering and testing new experimental therapeutic strategies. Human SCLC is characterized by near universal genetic loss of the RB1 and TP53 tumor suppressor genes. Twenty years ago, the first genetically-engineered mouse model (GEMM) of SCLC was generated using conditional deletion of both Rb1 and Trp53 in the lungs of adult mice. Since then, several other GEMMs of SCLC have been developed coupling genomic alterations found in human SCLC with Rb1 and Trp53 deletion. Here we summarize how GEMMs of SCLC have contributed significantly to our understanding of the disease in the past two decades. We also review recent advances in modeling SCLC in mice that allow investigators to bypass limitations of the previous generation of GEMMs while studying new genes of interest in SCLC. In particular, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic gene editing can accelerate how new genes of interest are functionally interrogated in SCLC tumorigenesis. Notably, the development of allograft models and precancerous precursor models from SCLC GEMMs provides complementary approaches to GEMMs to study tumor cell-immune microenvironment interactions and test new therapeutic strategies to enhance response to immunotherapy. Ultimately, the new generation of SCLC models can accelerate research and help develop new therapeutic strategies for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Oser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David MacPherson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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7
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Stüve P, Nerb B, Harrer S, Wuttke M, Feuerer M, Junger H, Eggenhofer E, Lungu B, Laslau S, Ritter U. Analysis of organoid and immune cell co-cultures by machine learning-empowered image cytometry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1274482. [PMID: 38298516 PMCID: PMC10827864 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1274482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures that can be derived from stem cells or adult tissue progenitor cells and exhibit an extraordinary ability to autonomously organize and resemble the cellular composition and architectural integrity of specific tissue segments. This feature makes them a useful tool for analyzing therapeutical relevant aspects, including organ development, wound healing, immune disorders and drug discovery. Most organoid models do not contain cells that mimic the neighboring tissue’s microenvironment, which could potentially hinder deeper mechanistic studies. However, to use organoid models in mechanistic studies, which would enable us to better understand pathophysiological processes, it is necessary to emulate the in situ microenvironment. This can be accomplished by incorporating selected cells of interest from neighboring tissues into the organoid culture. Nevertheless, the detection and quantification of organoids in such co-cultures remains a major technical challenge. These imaging analysis approaches would require an accurate separation of organoids from the other cell types in the co-culture. To efficiently detect and analyze 3D organoids in co-cultures, we developed a high-throughput imaging analysis platform. This method integrates automated imaging techniques and advanced image processing tools such as grayscale conversion, contrast enhancement, membrane detection and structure separation. Based on machine learning algorithms, we were able to identify and classify 3D organoids within dense co-cultures of immune cells. This procedure allows a high-throughput analysis of organoid-associated parameters such as quantity, size, and shape. Therefore, the technology has significant potential to advance contextualized research using organoid co-cultures and their potential applications in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stüve
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Nerb
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Selina Harrer
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Wuttke
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elke Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Uwe Ritter
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Tran TM, Ho GY, Chu S. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Ovarian Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:187-196. [PMID: 38676803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models play a crucial role for in vivo research. They maintain the original molecular characteristics of the human tumor and provide a more accurate tumor microenvironment, which cannot be replicated by in vitro models. This chapter describes four different transplantation methods, namely, intra-bursal, intrarenal capsule, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous, to develop PDX models for ovarian cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Minh Tran
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gwo Yaw Ho
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Tan L, Wang Y, Hu X, Du G, Tang X, Min L. Advances of Osteosarcoma Models for Drug Discovery and Precision Medicine. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1362. [PMID: 37759763 PMCID: PMC10527053 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of osteosarcoma (OS) patients presents a significant clinical challenge. Despite progress in conventional and targeted therapies, the survival rate of OS patients remains limited largely due to therapy resistance and the high metastatic potential of the disease. OS models that accurately reflect the fundamental characteristics are vital to the innovation and validation of effective therapies. This review provides an insight into the advances and challenges in OS drug development, focusing on various preclinical models, including cell lines, 3D culture models, murine models, and canine models. The relevance, strengths, and limitations of each model in OS research are explored. In particular, we highlight a range of potential therapeutics identified through these models. These instances of successful drug development represent promising pathways for personalized OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyun Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guifeng Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaodi Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (X.H.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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