1
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Dowrey TW, Cranston SF, Skvir N, Lok Y, Gould B, Petrowitz B, Villar D, Shan J, James M, Dodge M, Belkina AC, Giadone RM, Milman S, Sebastiani P, Perls TT, Andersen SL, Murphy GJ. A longevity-specific bank of induced pluripotent stem cells from centenarians and their offspring. Aging Cell 2024:e14351. [PMID: 39319670 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Centenarians provide a unique lens through which to study longevity, healthy aging, and resiliency. Moreover, models of human aging and resilience to disease that allow for the testing of potential interventions are virtually non-existent. We obtained and characterized over 96 centenarian and offspring peripheral blood samples including those connected to functional independence data highlighting resistance to disability and cognitive impairment. Targeted methylation arrays were used in molecular aging clocks to compare and contrast differences between biological and chronological age in these specialized subjects. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 of these subjects were then successfully reprogrammed into high-quality induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines which were functionally characterized for pluripotency, genomic stability, and the ability to undergo directed differentiation. The result of this work is a one-of-a-kind resource for studies of human longevity and resilience that can fuel the discovery and validation of novel therapeutics for aging-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Dowrey
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel F Cranston
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Skvir
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yvonne Lok
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Gould
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley Petrowitz
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Villar
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jidong Shan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Marianne James
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Dodge
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard M Giadone
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Fiore M, Cambieri C, Libonati L, Moret F, D’Andrea E, Di Certo MG, Passananti C, Gabanella F, Corbi N, Garibaldi M, Chimenti C, Alfarano M, Ferraguti G, Francati S, Inghilleri M, Ceccanti M. Oxidative Stress in Transthyretin-Mediated Amyloidosis: An Exploratory Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:998. [PMID: 39199243 PMCID: PMC11351233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (ATTR) is a systemic disease with protein precipitation in many tissues, mainly the peripheral nerve and heart. Both genetic (ATTRv, "v" for variant) and wild-type (ATTRwt) forms are known. Beyond the steric encumbrance, precipitated transthyretin seems to have a toxic effect. In this study carried out in men, we recruited 15 ATTRv patients, 7 ATTRv asymptomatic carriers, 14 ATTRwt patients and 10 young and 13 old healthy controls to evaluate the oxidative stress using FORD (Free Oxygen Radicals Defense) and FORT (Free Oxygen Radicals Test) analyses. ATTRv patients showed reduced FORD compared to ATTRwt and ATTRv asymptomatic carriers. FORD independently predicted the disease stage, with the early stages characterized by the highest consumption. These findings suggest a role for oxidative stress in the early stages of ATTRv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiore
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.G.D.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Chiara Cambieri
- Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Libonati
- Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moret
- Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo D’Andrea
- Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.G.D.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Claudio Passananti
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gabanella
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.G.D.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Nicoletta Corbi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Inghilleri
- Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marco Ceccanti
- Center for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
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3
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Dowrey TW, Cranston SF, Skvir N, Lok Y, Gould B, Petrowitz B, Villar D, Shan J, James M, Dodge M, Belkina AC, Giadone RM, Sebastiani P, Perls TT, Andersen SL, Murphy GJ. A longevity-specific bank of induced pluripotent stem cells from centenarians and their offspring. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584663. [PMID: 38559230 PMCID: PMC10979955 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Centenarians provide a unique lens through which to study longevity, healthy aging, and resiliency. Moreover, models of human aging and resilience to disease that allow for the testing of potential interventions are virtually non-existent. We obtained and characterized over 50 centenarian and offspring peripheral blood samples including those connected to functional independence data highlighting resistance to disability and cognitive impairment. Targeted methylation arrays were used in molecular aging clocks to compare and contrast differences between biological and chronological age in these specialized subjects. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were then successfully reprogrammed into high-quality induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines which were functionally characterized for pluripotency, genomic stability, and the ability to undergo directed differentiation. The result of this work is a one-of-a-kind resource for studies of human longevity and resilience that can fuel the discovery and validation of novel therapeutics for aging-related disease.
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4
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Ghosh S, Villacorta-Martin C, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Kenney D, Golden CS, Edwards CV, Sanchorawala V, Connors LH, Giadone RM, Murphy GJ. Mapping cellular response to destabilized transthyretin reveals cell- and amyloidogenic protein-specific signatures. Amyloid 2023; 30:379-393. [PMID: 37439769 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2023.2224494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ATTR amyloidosis, transthyretin (TTR) protein is secreted from the liver and deposited as toxic aggregates at downstream target tissues. Despite recent advancements in treatments for ATTR amyloidosis, the mechanisms underlying misfolded TTR-mediated cellular damage remain elusive. METHODS In an effort to define early events of TTR-associated stress, we exposed neuronal (SH-SY5Y) and cardiac (AC16) cells to wild-type and destabilized TTR variants (TTRV122I (p.V142I) and TTRL55P (p.L70P)) and performed transcriptional (RNAseq) and epigenetic (ATACseq) profiling. We subsequently compared TTR-responsive signatures to cells exposed to destabilized antibody light chain protein associated with AL amyloidosis as well as ER stressors (thapsigargin, heat shock). RESULTS In doing so, we observed overlapping, yet distinct cell type- and amyloidogenic protein-specific signatures, suggesting unique responses to each amyloidogenic variant. Moreover, we identified chromatin level changes in AC16 cells exposed to mutant TTR that resolved upon pre-incubation with kinetic stabilizer tafamidis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data provide insight into the mechanisms underlying destabilized protein-mediated cellular damage and provide a robust resource representing cellular responses to aggregation-prone proteins and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ghosh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Devin Kenney
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carly S Golden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camille V Edwards
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Amyloidosis Center, Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vaishali Sanchorawala
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Amyloidosis Center, Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- Amyloidosis Center, Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard M Giadone
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has paved the way for new in vitro models of human cardiomyopathy. Herein, we will review existing models of disease as well as strengths and limitations of the system. Recent Findings Preclinical studies have now demonstrated that iPSCs generated from patients with both acquired or heritable genetic diseases retain properties of the disease in vitro and can be used as a model to study novel therapeutics. iPSCs can be differentiated in vitro into the cardiomyocyte lineage into cells resembling adult ventricular myocytes that retain properties of cardiovascular disease from their respective donor. iPSC pluripotency allows for them to be frozen, stored, and continually used to generate iPSC-derived myocytes for future experiments without need for invasive procedures or repeat myocyte isolations to obtain animal or human cardiac tissues. Summary While not without their limitations, iPSC models offer new ways for studying patient-specific cardiomyopathies. iPSCs offer a high-throughput avenue for drug development, modeling of disease pathophysiology in vitro, and enabling experimental repair strategies without need for invasive procedures to obtain cardiac tissues.
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6
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The interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and innate immunity in hepatitis B virus patients. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most epidemic liver disorder worldwide as a result of rapid lifestyle transformation over the past few decades and is expected to elevate in the next few years as well as it is ranging from plain hepatic steatosis via non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Main text
NAFLD can also stimulate the diseases progression as diabetes and cardiovascular. Therefore, understanding the NAFLD pathogenesis is of vital clinical interest additionally is a crucial for disease treatment and prevention. After analyzing NAFLD and liver diseases prevalence, it has been a belief regarding the interaction between NAFLD and chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
Conclusion
The liver is an essential innate immune organ with large numbers of innate immune cells that contribute in NAFLD pathogenesis, additionally play the influential role that control NAFLD progression in the hepatitis B patients. Here, we summarized the recent advances in understanding and managing the NAFLD patients with chronic hepatitis B infection and interplay with innate immunity.
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7
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Giadone RM, Liberti DC, Matte TM, Rosarda JD, Torres-Arancivia C, Ghosh S, Diedrich JK, Pankow S, Skvir N, Jean JC, Yates JR, Wilson AA, Connors LH, Kotton DN, Wiseman RL, Murphy GJ. Expression of Amyloidogenic Transthyretin Drives Hepatic Proteostasis Remodeling in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Systemic Amyloid Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:515-528. [PMID: 32735824 PMCID: PMC7419739 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic amyloidoses are diverse disorders in which misfolded proteins are secreted by effector organs and deposited as proteotoxic aggregates at downstream tissues. Although well described clinically, the contribution of synthesizing organs to amyloid disease pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we utilize hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to define the contribution of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) to the proteotoxicity of secreted transthyretin (TTR). To this end, we generated isogenic, patient-specific iPSCs expressing either amyloidogenic or wild-type TTR. We combined this tool with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify hepatic proteostasis factors correlating with destabilized TTR production in iPSC-derived HLCs. By generating an ATF6 inducible patient-specific iPSC line, we demonstrated that enhancing hepatic ER proteostasis preferentially reduces the secretion of amyloidogenic TTR. These data highlight the liver's capacity to chaperone misfolded TTR prior to deposition, and moreover suggest the potential for unfolded protein response modulating therapeutics in the treatment of diverse systemic amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Giadone
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Derek C Liberti
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Taylor M Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jessica D Rosarda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Celia Torres-Arancivia
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Ghosh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Pankow
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Skvir
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - J C Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Saito Y, Ikemoto T, Morine Y, Shimada M. Current status of hepatocyte-like cell therapy from stem cells. Surg Today 2020; 51:340-349. [PMID: 32754843 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ liver transplantation and hepatocyte transplantation are not performed to their full potential because of donor shortage, which could be resolved by identifying new donor sources for the development of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). HLCs have been differentiated from some stem cell sources as alternative primary hepatocytes throughout the world; however, the currently available techniques cannot differentiate HLCs to the level of normal adult primary hepatocytes. The outstanding questions are as follows: which stem cells are the best cell sources? which protocol is the best way to differentiate them into HLCs? what is the definition of differentiated HLCs? how can we enforce the function of HLCs? what is the difference between HLCs and primary hepatocytes? what are the problems with HLC transplantation? This review summarizes the current status of HLCs, focusing on stem cell sources, the differentiation protocol for HLCs, the general characterization of HLCs, the generation of more functional HLCs, comparison with primary hepatocytes, and HLCs in cell-transplantation-based liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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9
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Kaserman JE, Hurley K, Dodge M, Villacorta-Martin C, Vedaie M, Jean JC, Liberti DC, James MF, Higgins MI, Lee NJ, Washko GR, San Jose Estepar R, Teckman J, Kotton DN, Wilson AA. A Highly Phenotyped Open Access Repository of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:242-255. [PMID: 32619491 PMCID: PMC7363960 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with the genetic disorder alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are at risk of developing lung and liver disease. Patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been found to model features of AATD pathogenesis but only a handful of AATD patient iPSC lines have been published. To capture the significant phenotypic diversity of the patient population, we describe here the establishment and characterization of a curated repository of AATD iPSCs with associated disease-relevant clinical data. To highlight the utility of the repository, we selected a subset of iPSC lines for functional characterization. Selected lines were differentiated to generate both hepatic and lung cell lineages and analyzed by RNA sequencing. In addition, two iPSC lines were targeted using CRISPR/Cas9 editing to accomplish scarless repair. Repository iPSCs are available to investigators for studies of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Kaserman
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Killian Hurley
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark Dodge
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marall Vedaie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jyh-Chang Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Derek C Liberti
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marianne F James
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michelle I Higgins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nora J Lee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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10
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Pernia C, Tobe BTD, O'Donnell R, Snyder EY. The Evolution of Stem Cells, Disease Modeling, and Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1131-1141. [PMID: 32024446 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurological disorders are among the most challenging areas of translational research. The difficulty of acquiring human neural samples or specific representative animal models has necessitated a multifaceted approach to understanding disease pathology and drug discovery. The dedifferentiation of somatic cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for the generation of neural derivatives has broadened the capability of biomedical research to study human cell types in neurological disorders. The initial zeal for the potential of hiPSCs for immediate biomedical breakthroughs has evolved to more reasonable expectations. Over the past decade, hiPSC technology has demonstrated the capacity to successfully establish "disease in a dish" models of complex neurological disorders and to identify possible novel therapeutics. However, as hiPSCs are used more broadly, an increased understanding of the limitations of hiPSC studies is becoming more evident. In this study, we review the challenges of studying neurological disorders, the current limitations of stem cell-based disease modeling, and the degrees to which hiPSC studies to date have demonstrated the capacity to fill essential gaps in neurological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Pernia
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian T D Tobe
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan O'Donnell
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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11
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Brodehl A, Ebbinghaus H, Deutsch MA, Gummert J, Gärtner A, Ratnavadivel S, Milting H. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Models for Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184381. [PMID: 31489928 PMCID: PMC6770343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, many pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic mutations in over hundred different genes have been described for non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies. However, the functional knowledge about most of these mutations is still limited because the generation of adequate animal models is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying specific cardiomyopathy-associated mutations are a promising alternative. Since the original discovery that pluripotency can be artificially induced by the expression of different transcription factors, various patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been generated to model non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies and give an overview about different human iPSC lines, which have been developed for the disease modeling of inherited cardiomyopathies. We summarize different methods and protocols for the general differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. In addition, we describe methods and technologies to investigate functionally human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we summarize novel genome editing approaches for the genetic manipulation of human iPSCs. This review provides an overview about the genetic landscape of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on iPSC technology, which might be of interest for clinicians and basic scientists interested in genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Ratnavadivel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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12
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Ibrahim RB, Liu YT, Yeh SY, Tsai JW. Contributions of Animal Models to the Mechanisms and Therapies of Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 31001136 PMCID: PMC6454033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a fatal systemic disease caused by amyloid deposits of misfolded transthyretin, leading to familial amyloid polyneuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy, or a rare oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis. A good model system that mimic the disease phenotype is crucial for the development of drugs and treatments for this devastating degenerative disorder. The present models using fruit flies, worms, rodents, non-human primates and induced pluripotent stem cells have helped researchers understand important disease-related mechanisms and test potential therapeutic options. However, the challenge of creating an ideal model still looms, for these models did not recapitulates all symptoms, particularly neurological presentation, of ATTR amyloidosis. Recently, knock-in techniques was used to generate two humanized ATTR mouse models, leading to amyloid deposition in the nerves and neuropathic manifestation in these models. This review gives a recent update on the milestone, progress, and challenges in developing different models for ATTR amyloidosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan Babatunde Ibrahim
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center and Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center and Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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van Mil A, Balk GM, Neef K, Buikema JW, Asselbergs FW, Wu SM, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG. Modelling inherited cardiac disease using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: progress, pitfalls, and potential. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1828-1842. [PMID: 30169602 PMCID: PMC6887927 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, the use of specific cell types derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into a powerful approach to investigate the cellular pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Despite advances in therapy, heart disease continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. A major difficulty in unravelling the underlying cellular processes of heart disease is the extremely limited availability of viable human cardiac cells reflecting the pathological phenotype of the disease at various stages. Thus, the development of methods for directed differentiation of iPSCs to cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has provided an intriguing option for the generation of patient-specific cardiac cells. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the currently published iPSC-CM models for hereditary heart disease is compiled and analysed. Besides the major findings of individual studies, detailed methodological information on iPSC generation, iPSC-CM differentiation, characterization, and maturation is included. Both, current advances in the field and challenges yet to overcome emphasize the potential of using patient-derived cell models to mimic genetic cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain van Mil
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geerthe Margriet Balk
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Neef
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Buikema
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Mail No G03.550, GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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14
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Giadone RM, Rosarda JD, Akepati PR, Thomas AC, Boldbaatar B, James MF, Wilson AA, Sanchorawala V, Connors LH, Berk JL, Wiseman RL, Murphy GJ. A library of ATTR amyloidosis patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modelling and in vitro testing of novel therapeutics. Amyloid 2018; 25:148-155. [PMID: 30032658 PMCID: PMC6319917 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2018.1489228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is an autosomal dominant protein-folding disorder caused by over 100 distinct mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. In ATTR amyloidosis, protein secreted from the liver aggregates and forms amyloid fibrils in downstream target organs, chiefly the heart and peripheral nervous system. Few animal models of ATTR amyloidosis exist and none recapitulate the multisystem complexity and clinical variability associated with disease pathogenesis in patients. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stand to revolutionize the way we study human development, model disease, and perhaps treat patients afflicted with highly variable multisystem diseases such as ATTR amyloidosis. Here, we fully characterize six representative iPSC lines from a library of previously reprogrammed iPSC lines and reprogrammable blood samples derived from ATTR amyloidosis patients. This unique resource, described herein, can be harnessed to study diverse disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Giadone
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jessica D Rosarda
- b Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Prithvi Reddy Akepati
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Arianne C Thomas
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Batbold Boldbaatar
- c Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Marianne F James
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Vaishali Sanchorawala
- d Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,e Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Lawreen H Connors
- c Alan and Sandra Gerry Amyloid Research Laboratory, Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - John L Berk
- d Amyloidosis Center , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- b Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - George J Murphy
- a Center for Regenerative Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,e Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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15
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Niemietz C, Fleischhauer L, Sandfort V, Guttmann S, Zibert A, Schmidt HHJ. Hepatocyte-like cells reveal novel role of SerpinA1 in transthyretin amyloidosis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.219824. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR)-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR) results from aggregation and extracellular disposition of misfolded TTR variants. Growing evidence suggests the importance of hepatic chaperones for modulation of pathogenesis. We took advantage of iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from ATTR patients (ATTR-HLCs) to compare chaperone gene expression to healthy individuals (H-HLCs). From the set of genes analyzed, chaperones that are predominantly located extracellularly were differently expressed. Expression of the chaperones showed a high correlation with TTR in both ATTR-HLCs and H-HLCs. In contrast, after TTR knockdown, the correlation was mainly affected in ATTR-HLCs suggesting that variant TTR expression triggers abberant chaperone expression. Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (SERPINA1/alpha-1 antitrypsin) was the only extracellular chaperone that was markedly upregulated after TTR knockdown in ATTR-HLCs. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that SerpinA1 physically interacts with TTR. In vitro assays indicated that SerpinA1 can interfere with TTR aggregation. Taken together, our results suggest that extracellular chaperones play a crucial role in ATTR pathogenesis, in particular SerpinA1, which may affect amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Niemietz
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lutz Fleischhauer
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
- Present address: Fakultät für angewandte Naturwissenschaften und Mechatronik, Hochschule München, München, Germany
| | - Vanessa Sandfort
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Guttmann
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andree Zibert
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H.-J. Schmidt
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
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16
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Giacomelli E, Mummery CL, Bellin M. Human heart disease: lessons from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3711-3739. [PMID: 28573431 PMCID: PMC5597692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Technical advances in generating and phenotyping cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) are now driving their wider acceptance as in vitro models to understand human heart disease and discover therapeutic targets that may lead to new compounds for clinical use. Current literature clearly shows that hPSC-CMs recapitulate many molecular, cellular, and functional aspects of human heart pathophysiology and their responses to cardioactive drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of hPSC-CMs models that have been described to date and highlight their most recent and remarkable contributions to research on cardiovascular diseases and disorders with cardiac traits. We conclude discussing immediate challenges, limitations, and emerging solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giacomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Building Zuidhorst, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Cayo MA, Mallanna SK, Di Furio F, Jing R, Tolliver LB, Bures M, Urick A, Noto FK, Pashos EE, Greseth MD, Czarnecki M, Traktman P, Yang W, Morrisey EE, Grompe M, Rader DJ, Duncan SA. A Drug Screen using Human iPSC-Derived Hepatocyte-like Cells Reveals Cardiac Glycosides as a Potential Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:478-489.e5. [PMID: 28388428 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to identify pharmaceuticals to treat heritable metabolic liver diseases have been hampered by the lack of models. However, cells with hepatocyte characteristics can be produced from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we have used hepatocyte-like cells generated from homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (hoFH) iPSCs to identify drugs that can potentially be repurposed to lower serum LDL-C. We found that cardiac glycosides reduce the production of apolipoprotein B (apoB) from human hepatocytes in culture and the serum of avatar mice harboring humanized livers. The drugs act by increasing the turnover of apoB protein. Analyses of patient medical records revealed that the treatment of patients with cardiac glycosides reduced serum LDL-C levels. These studies highlight the effectiveness of using iPSCs to screen for potential treatments for inborn errors of hepatic metabolism and suggest that cardiac glycosides could provide an approach for reducing hepatocyte production of apoB and treating hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Cayo
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sunil K Mallanna
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Francesca Di Furio
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lauren B Tolliver
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Matthew Bures
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amanda Urick
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Fallon K Noto
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Evanthia E Pashos
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew D Greseth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maciej Czarnecki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paula Traktman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 955, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Medicine and Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine and Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 South West Sam Jackson Park Road/L321, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen A Duncan
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 955, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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18
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Hoepfner J, Kleinsorge M, Papp O, Alfken S, Heiringhoff R, Pich A, Sauer V, Zibert A, Göhring G, Schmidt H, Sgodda M, Cantz T. In vitro modelling of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy allows quantitative detection of transthyretin amyloid fibril-like structures in hepatic derivatives of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Biol Chem 2017; 398:939-954. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The transthyretin protein is thermodynamically destabilised by mutations in the transthyretin gene, promoting the formation of amyloid fibrils in various tissues. Consequently, impaired autonomic organ function is observed in patients suffering from transthyretin-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). The influence of individual genetic backgrounds on fibril formation as a potential cause of genotype-phenotype variations needs to be investigated in order to ensure efficient patient-specific therapies. We reprogrammed FAP patient fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and differentiated these cells into transthyretin-expressing hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). HLCs differentiated from FAP iPS cells and healthy control iPS cells secreted the transthyretin protein in similar concentrations. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of mutant transthyretin protein in FAP HLC supernatants. In comparison to healthy control iPS cells, we demonstrated the formation of transthyretin amyloid fibril-like structures in FAP HLC supernatants using the amyloid-specific dyes Congo red and thioflavin T. These dyes were also applicable for the quantitative determination of in vitro formed transthyretin fibril-like structures. Moreover, we confirmed the inhibition of fibril formation by the TTR kinetic stabiliser diclofenac. Thioflavin T fluorescence intensity measurements even allowed the quantification of amyloid fibril-like structures in 96-well plate formats as a prerequisite for patient-specific drug screening approaches.
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19
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Kiamehr M, Viiri LE, Vihervaara T, Koistinen KM, Hilvo M, Ekroos K, Käkelä R, Aalto-Setälä K. Lipidomic profiling of patient-specific iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1141-1153. [PMID: 28733363 PMCID: PMC5611970 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an alternative model to primary human hepatocytes to study lipid aberrations. However, the detailed lipid profile of HLCs is yet unknown. In the current study, functional HLCs were differentiated from iPSCs generated from dermal fibroblasts of three individuals by a three-step protocol through the definitive endoderm (DE) stage. In parallel, detailed lipidomic analyses as well as gene expression profiling of a set of lipid-metabolism-related genes were performed during the entire differentiation process from iPSCs to HLCs. Additionally, fatty acid (FA) composition of the cell culture media at different stages was determined. Our results show that major alterations in the molecular species of lipids occurring during DE and early hepatic differentiation stages mainly mirror the quality and quantity of the FAs supplied in culture medium at each stage. Polyunsaturated phospholipids and sphingolipids with a very long FA were produced in the cells at a later stage of differentiation. This work uncovers the previously unknown lipid composition of iPSC-HLCs and its alterations during the differentiation in conjunction with the expression of key lipid-associated genes. Together with biochemical, functional and gene expression measurements, the lipidomic analyses allowed us to improve our understanding of the concerted influence of the exogenous metabolite supply and cellular biosynthesis essential for iPSC-HLC differentiation and function. Importantly, the study describes in detail a cell model that can be applied in exploring, for example, the lipid metabolism involved in the development of fatty liver disease or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Kiamehr
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Leena E Viiri
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Reijo Käkelä
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33520, Finland.,Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, 33520, Finland
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20
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Evaluation of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy in Patient-Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161455. [PMID: 27584576 PMCID: PMC5008816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is caused by mutations of the transthyretin (TTR) gene, predominantly expressed in the liver. Two compounds that knockdown TTR, comprising a small interfering RNA (siRNA; ALN-TTR-02) and an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO; IONIS-TTRRx), are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Since primary hepatocytes from FAP patients are rarely available for molecular analysis and commercial tissue culture cells or animal models lack the patient-specific genetic background, this study uses primary cells derived from urine of FAP patients. Urine-derived cells were reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with high efficiency. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) showing typical hepatic marker expression were obtained from iPSCs of the FAP patients. TTR mRNA expression of FAP HLCs almost reached levels measured in human hepatocytes. To assess TTR knockdown, siTTR1 and TTR-ASO were introduced to HLCs. A significant downregulation (>80%) of TTR mRNA was induced in the HLCs by both oligonucleotides. TTR protein present in the cell culture supernatant of HLCs was similarly downregulated. Gene expression of other hepatic markers was not affected by the therapeutic oligonucleotides. Our data indicate that urine cells (UCs) after reprogramming and hepatic differentiation represent excellent primary human target cells to assess the efficacy and specificity of novel compounds.
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21
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Hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Hepatol Int 2016; 11:54-69. [PMID: 27530815 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-016-9757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that coordinated expression of a limited number of genes can reprogram differentiated somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has opened novel possibilities for developing cell-based models of diseases and regenerative medicine utilizing cell reprogramming or cell transplantation. Directed differentiation of iPSCs can potentially generate differentiated cells belonging to any germ layer, including cells with hepatocyte-like morphology and function. Such cells, termed iHeps, can be derived by sequential cell signaling using available information on embryological development or by forced expression of hepatocyte-enriched transcription factors. In addition to the translational aspects of iHeps, the experimental findings have provided insights into the mechanisms of cell plasticity that permit one cell type to transition to another. However, iHeps generated by current methods do not fully exhibit all characteristics of mature hepatocytes, highlighting the need for additional research in this area. Here we summarize the current approaches and achievements in this field and discuss some existing hurdles and emerging approaches for improving iPSC differentiation, as well as maintaining such cells in culture for increasing their utility in disease modeling and drug development.
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Hannoun Z, Steichen C, Dianat N, Weber A, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A. The potential of induced pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2016; 65:182-199. [PMID: 26916529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation remains the only curative treatment for liver disease. However, the number of patients who die while on the waiting list (15%) has increased in recent years as a result of severe organ shortages; furthermore the incidence of liver disease is increasing worldwide. Clinical trials involving hepatocyte transplantation have provided encouraging results. However, transplanted cell function appears to often decline after several months, necessitating liver transplantation. The precise aetiology of the loss of cell function is not clear, but poor engraftment and immune-mediated loss appear to be important factors. Also, primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are not readily available, de-differentiate, and die rapidly in culture. Hepatocytes are available from other sources, such as tumour-derived human hepatocyte cell lines and immortalised human hepatocyte cell lines or porcine hepatocytes. However, all these cells suffer from various limitations such as reduced or differences in functions or risk of zoonotic infections. Due to their significant potential, one possible inexhaustible source of hepatocytes is through the directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This review will discuss the potential applications and existing limitations of hiPSC-derived hepatocytes in regenerative medicine, drug screening, in vitro disease modelling and bioartificial livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Hannoun
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France; UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France; Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France; UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France; Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France
| | - Noushin Dianat
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France; UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France; Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France
| | - Anne Weber
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France; UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France; Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France
| | - Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France; UMR_S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France; Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94807, France.
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Dianat N, Weber A, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A. [Human pluripotent stem cells and liver disorders]. Biol Aujourdhui 2016; 210:19-26. [PMID: 27286577 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2016006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver is associated with many diseases including metabolic and cholestatic diseases, cirrhosis as well as chronic and acute hepatitis. However, knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases remains limited due to the restricted access to liver biopsies and the lack of cellular models derived from patients. The liver is the main organ responsible for the elimination of xenobiotics and thus hepatocytes have a key role in toxicology and pharmacokinetics. The induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with monogenic metabolic disorders, for which the corresponding gene is identified, are relevant in vitro models for the study of the mechanisms involved in generation of pathologies and also for drug screening. Towards this aim, robust protocols for generating liver cells, such as hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, are essential. Our study focused on familial hypercholesterolemia disease modeling, as well as on establishing a protocol for generation of functional cholangiocytes from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Dianat
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France - UMR S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France - Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Weber
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France - UMR S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France - Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France - UMR S1193, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94800 Villejuif, France - Département hospitalo-universitaire Hepatinov, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France
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24
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Sabapathy V, Kumar S. hiPSC-derived iMSCs: NextGen MSCs as an advanced therapeutically active cell resource for regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1571-88. [PMID: 27097531 PMCID: PMC4956943 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being assessed for ameliorating the severity of graft‐versus‐host disease, autoimmune conditions, musculoskeletal injuries and cardiovascular diseases. While most of these clinical therapeutic applications require substantial cell quantities, the number of MSCs that can be obtained initially from a single donor remains limited. The utility of MSCs derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has been shown in recent pre‐clinical studies. Since adult MSCs have limited capability regarding proliferation, the quantum of bioactive factor secretion and immunomodulation ability may be constrained. Hence, the alternate source of MSCs is being considered to replace the commonly used adult tissue‐derived MSCs. The MSCs have been obtained from various adult and foetal tissues. The hiPSC‐derived MSCs (iMSCs) are transpiring as an attractive source of MSCs because during reprogramming process, cells undergo rejuvination, exhibiting better cellular vitality such as survival, proliferation and differentiations potentials. The autologous iMSCs could be considered as an inexhaustible source of MSCs that could be used to meet the unmet clinical needs. Human‐induced PSC‐derived MSCs are reported to be superior when compared to the adult MSCs regarding cell proliferation, immunomodulation, cytokines profiles, microenvironment modulating exosomes and bioactive paracrine factors secretion. Strategies such as derivation and propagation of iMSCs in chemically defined culture conditions and use of footprint‐free safer reprogramming strategies have contributed towards the development of clinically relevant cell types. In this review, the role of iPSC‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) as an alternate source of therapeutically active MSCs has been described. Additionally, we also describe the role of iMSCs in regenerative medical applications, the necessary strategies, and the regulatory policies that have to be enforced to render iMSC's effectiveness in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of inStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Center for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of inStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Genome Editing of the CYP1A1 Locus in iPSCs as a Platform to Map AHR Expression throughout Human Development. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2574152. [PMID: 27148368 PMCID: PMC4842384 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2574152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that increases the expression of detoxifying enzymes upon ligand stimulation. Recent studies now suggest that novel endogenous roles of the AHR exist throughout development. In an effort to create an optimized model system for the study of AHR signaling in several cellular lineages, we have employed a CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing strategy in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to incorporate a reporter cassette at the transcription start site of one of its canonical targets, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). This cell line faithfully reports on CYP1A1 expression, with luciferase levels as its functional readout, when treated with an endogenous AHR ligand (FICZ) at escalating doses. iPSC-derived fibroblast-like cells respond to acute exposure to environmental and endogenous AHR ligands, and iPSC-derived hepatocytes increase CYP1A1 in a similar manner to primary hepatocytes. This cell line is an important innovation that can be used to map AHR activity in discrete cellular subsets throughout developmental ontogeny. As further endogenous ligands are proposed, this line can be used to screen for safety and efficacy and can report on the ability of small molecules to regulate critical cellular processes by modulating the activity of the AHR.
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26
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Helsen N, Debing Y, Paeshuyse J, Dallmeier K, Boon R, Coll M, Sancho-Bru P, Claes C, Neyts J, Verfaillie CM. Stem cell-derived hepatocytes: A novel model for hepatitis E virus replication. J Hepatol 2016; 64:565-73. [PMID: 26626494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Yearly, approximately 20million people become infected with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) resulting in over 3million cases of acute hepatitis. Although HEV-mediated hepatitis is usually self-limiting, severe cases of fulminant hepatitis as well as chronic infections have been reported, resulting annually in an estimated 60,000 deaths. We studied whether pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived hepatocytes, mesodermal and/or neuroprogenitor cells support HEV replication. METHODS Human PSC were differentiated towards hepatocyte-like cells, mesodermal cells and neuroprogenitors and subsequently infected with HEV. Infection and replication of HEV was analyzed by qRT-PCR, RNA in situ hybridization, negative strand RT-PCR, production of infectious virions and transfection with a transient HEV reporter replicon. RESULTS PSC-derived hepatocytes supported the complete replication cycle of HEV, as demonstrated by the intracellular presence of positive and negative strand HEV RNA and the production of infectious virions. The replication of the virus in these cells was inhibited by the antiviral drugs ribavirin and interferon-α2b. In contrast to PSC-derived hepatocytes, PSC-derived mesodermal cells and neuroprogenitors only supported HEV replication upon transfection with a HEV subgenomic replicon. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that PSC can be used to study the hepatotropism of HEV infection. The complete replication cycle of HEV can be recapitulated in infected PSC-derived hepatocytes. By contrast other germ layer cells support intracellular replication but are not infectable with HEV. Thus the early steps in the viral cycle are the main determinant governing HEV tissue tropism. PSC-hepatocytes offer a physiological relevant tool to study the biology of HEV infection and replication and may aid in the design of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Helsen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Debing
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
| | - Ruben Boon
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mar Coll
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic, Liver Unit, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic, Liver Unit, Spain
| | - Christel Claes
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium
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27
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Avior Y, Sagi I, Benvenisty N. Pluripotent stem cells in disease modelling and drug discovery. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:170-82. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Holtzinger A, Streeter PR, Sarangi F, Hillborn S, Niapour M, Ogawa S, Keller G. New markers for tracking endoderm induction and hepatocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Development 2015; 142:4253-65. [PMID: 26493401 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficient generation of hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires the induction of a proper endoderm population, broadly characterized by the expression of the cell surface marker CXCR4. Strategies to identify and isolate endoderm subpopulations predisposed to the liver fate do not exist. In this study, we generated mouse monoclonal antibodies against human embryonic stem cell-derived definitive endoderm with the goal of identifying cell surface markers that can be used to track the development of this germ layer and its specification to a hepatic fate. Through this approach, we identified two endoderm-specific antibodies, HDE1 and HDE2, which stain different stages of endoderm development and distinct derivative cell types. HDE1 marks a definitive endoderm population with high hepatic potential, whereas staining of HDE2 tracks with developing hepatocyte progenitors and hepatocytes. When used in combination, the staining patterns of these antibodies enable one to optimize endoderm induction and hepatic specification from any hPSC line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Holtzinger
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Philip R Streeter
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Farida Sarangi
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Scott Hillborn
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Maryam Niapour
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Shinichiro Ogawa
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9 Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2M9
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29
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Mallett A, Patel C, Maier B, McGaughran J, Gabbett M, Takasato M, Cameron A, Trnka P, Alexander SI, Rangan G, Tchan MC, Caruana G, John G, Quinlan C, McCarthy HJ, Hyland V, Hoy WE, Wolvetang E, Taft R, Simons C, Healy H, Little M. A protocol for the identification and validation of novel genetic causes of kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:152. [PMID: 26374634 PMCID: PMC4570515 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic renal diseases (GRD) are a heterogeneous and incompletely understood group of disorders accounting for approximately 10 % of those diagnosed with kidney disease. The advent of Next Generation sequencing and new approaches to disease modelling may allow the identification and validation of novel genetic variants in patients with previously incompletely explained or understood GRD. METHODS/DESIGN This study will recruit participants in families/trios from a multidisciplinary sub-specialty Renal Genetics Clinic where known genetic causes of GRD have been excluded or where genetic testing is not available. After informed patient consent, whole exome and/or genome sequencing will be performed with bioinformatics analysis undertaken using a customised variant assessment tool. A rigorous process for participant data management will be undertaken. Novel genetic findings will be validated using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells via differentiation to renal and relevant extra-renal tissue phenotypes in vitro. A process for managing the risk of incidental findings and the return of study results to participants has been developed. DISCUSSION This investigator-initiated approach brings together experts in nephrology, clinical and molecular genetics, pathology and developmental biology to discover and validate novel genetic causes for patients in Australia affected by GRD without a known genetic aetiology or pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mallett
- Kidney Health Service and Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. .,Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Centre for Chronic Disease and CKD.QLD, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia. .,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia. .,Kidney Health Service, Level 9, Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, Qld, 4029, Australia.
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Barbara Maier
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Gabbett
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Minoru Takasato
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne Cameron
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Centre for Chronic Disease and CKD.QLD, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Peter Trnka
- Queensland Child and Adolescent Renal Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gopala Rangan
- Department of Nephrology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michel C Tchan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina Caruana
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George John
- Kidney Health Service and Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cathy Quinlan
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugh J McCarthy
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valentine Hyland
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Pathology Queensland and Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wendy E Hoy
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Centre for Chronic Disease and CKD.QLD, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ryan Taft
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Kidney Health Service and Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Centre for Chronic Disease and CKD.QLD, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Melissa Little
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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30
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Sampaziotis F, Segeritz CP, Vallier L. Potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells in studies of liver disease. Hepatology 2015; 62:303-11. [PMID: 25502113 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of death in the Western world. However, our insight into the underlying disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic agents has been hindered by limited availability of primary tissue, intraspecies variability associated with the use of animal models, and reduced long-term viability of isolated and diseased liver cells. The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cells and differentiation protocols to generate hepatocyte-like cells has opened the possibility of addressing these issues. Here, we discuss the recent progress and potential in the production of various cell types constituting the liver and their applications to model liver diseases and test drug toxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Sampaziotis
- Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Tafaleng EN, Chakraborty S, Han B, Hale P, Wu W, Soto-Gutierrez A, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Wilson AA, Kotton DN, Nagaya M, Strom SC, Chowdhury JR, Stolz DB, Perlmutter DH, Fox IJ. Induced pluripotent stem cells model personalized variations in liver disease resulting from α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Hepatology 2015; 62:147-57. [PMID: 25690322 PMCID: PMC4482790 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the classical form of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD), aberrant intracellular accumulation of misfolded mutant α1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ) in hepatocytes causes hepatic damage by a gain-of-function, "proteotoxic" mechanism. Whereas some ATD patients develop severe liver disease (SLD) that necessitates liver transplantation, others with the same genetic defect completely escape this clinical phenotype. We investigated whether induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from ATD individuals with or without SLD could model these personalized variations in hepatic disease phenotypes. Patient-specific iPSCs were generated from ATD patients and a control and differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (iHeps) having many characteristics of hepatocytes. Pulse-chase and endoglycosidase H analysis demonstrate that the iHeps recapitulate the abnormal accumulation and processing of the ATZ molecule, compared to the wild-type AT molecule. Measurements of the fate of intracellular ATZ show a marked delay in the rate of ATZ degradation in iHeps from SLD patients, compared to those from no liver disease patients. Transmission electron microscopy showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum in iHeps from all individuals with ATD, not in controls, but globular inclusions that are partially covered with ribosomes were observed only in iHeps from individuals with SLD. CONCLUSION iHeps model the individual disease phenotypes of ATD patients with more rapid degradation of misfolded ATZ and lack of globular inclusions in cells from patients who have escaped liver disease. The results support the concept that "proteostasis" mechanisms, such as intracellular degradation pathways, play a role in observed variations in clinical phenotype and show that iPSCs can potentially be used to facilitate predictions of disease susceptibility for more precise and timely application of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar N. Tafaleng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Souvik Chakraborty
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pamela Hale
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wanquan Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Andrew A. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David H. Perlmutter
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ira J. Fox
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Wilson AA, Ying L, Liesa M, Segeritz CP, Mills JA, Shen SS, Jean J, Lonza GC, Liberti DC, Lang AH, Nazaire J, Gower AC, Müeller FJ, Mehta P, Ordóñez A, Lomas DA, Vallier L, Murphy GJ, Mostoslavsky G, Spira A, Shirihai OS, Ramirez MI, Gadue P, Kotton DN. Emergence of a stage-dependent human liver disease signature with directed differentiation of alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient iPS cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:873-85. [PMID: 25843048 PMCID: PMC4437473 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an inexhaustible source of cells for modeling disease and testing drugs. Here we develop a bioinformatic approach to detect differences between the genomic programs of iPSCs derived from diseased versus normal human cohorts as they emerge during in vitro directed differentiation. Using iPSCs generated from a cohort carrying mutations (PiZZ) in the gene responsible for alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, we find that the global transcriptomes of PiZZ iPSCs diverge from normal controls upon differentiation to hepatic cells. Expression of 135 genes distinguishes PiZZ iPSC-hepatic cells, providing potential clues to liver disease pathogenesis. The disease-specific cells display intracellular accumulation of mutant AAT protein, resulting in increased autophagic flux. Furthermore, we detect beneficial responses to the drug carbamazepine, which further augments autophagic flux, but adverse responses to known hepatotoxic drugs. Our findings support the utility of iPSCs as tools for drug development or prediction of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lei Ying
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Medicine, Mitochondria ARC, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Jason A Mills
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jyhchang Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Geordie C Lonza
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Derek C Liberti
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex H Lang
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jean Nazaire
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Adam C Gower
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Müeller
- Zentrum für Integrative Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Adriana Ordóñez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB0 2XY, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB0 2XY, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Department of Medicine, Mitochondria ARC, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maria I Ramirez
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Davidson MD, Ware BR, Khetani SR. Stem cell-derived liver cells for drug testing and disease modeling. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2015; 19:349-58. [PMID: 26105698 PMCID: PMC5768200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Differences between animals and humans in liver pathways now necessitate the use of in vitro models of the human liver for several applications such as drug screening. However, isolated primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are a limited resource for building such models given shortages of donor organs. In contrast, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be propagated nearly indefinitely and differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro using soluble factors inspired from liver development. Additionally, iPSCs can be generated from patients with specific genetic backgrounds to study genotype-phenotype relationships. While current protocols to differentiate hESCs and iPSCs into human hepatocyte-like cells (hESC-HHs and iPSC-HHs) still need improvement to yield cells functionally similar to the adult liver, proof-of-concept studies have already shown utility of these cells in drug development and modeling liver diseases such as α1-antitrypsin deficiency, hepatitis B/C viral infections, and malaria. Here, we present an overview of hESC-HH and iPSC-HH culture platforms that have been utilized for the aforementioned applications. We also discuss the use of semiconductor-driven microfabrication tools to precisely control the microenvironment around these cells to enable higher and longer-term liver functions in vitro. Finally, we discuss areas for improvement in creating next generation stem cell-derived liver models. In the future, stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells could provide a sustainable cell source for high-throughput drug screening, enabling better mechanistic understanding of human liver diseases for the development of more efficacious and safer therapeutics, and personalized cell-based therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Davidson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Brenton R. Ware
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Salman R. Khetani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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Tsuruya K, Chikada H, Ida K, Anzai K, Kagawa T, Inagaki Y, Mine T, Kamiya A. A Paracrine Mechanism Accelerating Expansion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatic Progenitor-Like Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1691-702. [PMID: 25808356 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stem/progenitor cells in liver development have a high proliferative potential and the ability to differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In this study, we focused on the cell surface molecules of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived hepatic progenitor-like cells (HPCs) and analyzed how these molecules modulate expansion of these cells. Human iPS cells were differentiated into immature hepatic lineage cells by cytokines. In addition to hepatic progenitor markers (CD13 and CD133), the cells were coimmunostained for various cell surface markers (116 types). The cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and in vitro colony formation culture with feeder cells. Twenty types of cell surface molecules were highly expressed in CD13(+)CD133(+) cells derived from human iPS cells. Of these molecules, CD221 (insulin-like growth factor receptor), which was expressed in CD13(+)CD133(+) cells, was quickly downregulated after in vitro expansion. The proliferative ability was suppressed by a neutralizing antibody and specific inhibitor of CD221. Overexpression of CD221 increased colony-forming ability. We also found that inhibition of CD340 (erbB2) and CD266 (fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14) signals suppressed proliferation. In addition, both insulin-like growth factor (a ligand of CD221) and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (a ligand of CD266) were provided by feeder cells in our culture system. This study revealed the expression profiles of cell surface molecules in human iPS cell-derived HPCs and that the paracrine interactions between HPCs and other cells through specific receptors are important for proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tsuruya
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan .,2 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan
| | - Hiromi Chikada
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Ida
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Anzai
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan .,2 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan
| | - Tatehiro Kagawa
- 2 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- 3 Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mine
- 2 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- 1 Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University , Isehara, Japan
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From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Liver Disease Modeling: A Focus on Dyslipidemia. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Möbus S, Yang D, Yuan Q, Lüdtke THW, Balakrishnan A, Sgodda M, Rani B, Kispert A, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Vogel A, Manns MP, Ott M, Cantz T, Sharma AD. MicroRNA-199a-5p inhibition enhances the liver repopulation ability of human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatic cells. J Hepatol 2015; 62:101-10. [PMID: 25135862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Current hepatic differentiation protocols for human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) require substantial improvements. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate hepatocyte cell fate during liver development, but their utility to improve hepatocyte differentiation from ESCs remains to be investigated. Therefore, our aim was to identify and to analyse hepatogenic miRNAs for their potential to improve hepatocyte differentiation from ESCs. METHODS By miRNA profiling and in vitro screening, we identified miR-199a-5p among several potential hepatogenic miRNAs. Transplantation studies of miR-199a-5p-inhibited hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) in the liver of immunodeficient fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase knockout mice (Fah(-/-)/Rag2(-/-)/Il2rg(-/-)) were performed to assess their in vivo liver repopulation potential. For target determination, western blot and luciferase reporter assay were carried out. RESULTS miRNA profiling revealed 20 conserved candidate hepatogenic miRNAs. By miRNA screening, only miR-199a-5p inhibition in HLCs was found to be able to enhance the in vitro hepatic differentiation of mouse as well as human ESCs. miR-199a-5p inhibition in human ESCs-derived HLCs enhanced their engraftment and repopulation capacity in the liver of Fah(-/-)/Rag2(-/-)/Il2rg(-/-) mice. Furthermore, we identified SMARCA4 and MST1 as novel targets of miR-199a-5p that may contribute to the improved hepatocyte generation and in vivo liver repopulation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that miR-199a-5p inhibition in ES-derived HLCs leads to improved hepatocyte differentiation. Upon transplantation, HLCs were able to engraft and repopulate the liver of Fah(-/-)/Rag2(-/-)/Il2rg(-/-) mice. Thus, our findings suggest that miRNA modulation may serve as a promising approach to generate more mature HLCs from stem cell sources for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Möbus
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dakai Yang
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo H-W Lüdtke
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Sgodda
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bhavna Rani
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany; Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Junior Research Group MicroRNA in Liver Regeneration, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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7q11.23 dosage-dependent dysregulation in human pluripotent stem cells affects transcriptional programs in disease-relevant lineages. Nat Genet 2014; 47:132-41. [PMID: 25501393 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell reprogramming promises to make characterization of the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease experimentally tractable by enabling the bridging of genotypes to phenotypes in developmentally relevant human cell lineages. Here we apply this paradigm to two disorders caused by symmetrical copy number variations of 7q11.23, which display a striking combination of shared and symmetrically opposite phenotypes--Williams-Beuren syndrome and 7q-microduplication syndrome. Through analysis of transgene-free patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated derivatives, we find that 7q11.23 dosage imbalance disrupts transcriptional circuits in disease-relevant pathways beginning in the pluripotent state. These alterations are then selectively amplified upon differentiation of the pluripotent cells into disease-relevant lineages. A considerable proportion of this transcriptional dysregulation is specifically caused by dosage imbalances in GTF2I, which encodes a key transcription factor at 7q11.23 that is associated with the LSD1 repressive chromatin complex and silences its dosage-sensitive targets.
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Abstract
Trans-activating response region (TAR) DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is an RNA-binding protein that is mutated in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease-linked mutations in TDP-43 increase the tendency of TDP-43 to aggregate, leading to a corresponding increase in formation of stress granules, cytoplasmic protein/RNA complexes that form in response to stress. Although the field has focused on stress granules, TDP-43 also forms other types of RNA granules. For example, TDP-43 is associated with RNA granules that are prevalent throughout the dendritic arbor in neurons. Because aggregation of TDP-43 is also important for the formation of these neuronal RNA granules, we hypothesized that disease-linked mutations might alter granule formation even in the absence of stress. We now report that ALS-linked mutations in TDP-43 (A315T and Q343R) increase the size of neuronal TDP-43 granules in the dendritic arbor of rat hippocampal neurons. The mutations correspondingly reduce the granule density, movement, and mobility of TDP-43 granules. Depolarization of rat hippocampal neurons with KCl stimulates TDP-43 granule migration into dendrites, but A315T and Q343R TDP-43 granules migrate shorter distances and into fewer dendrites than wild-type TDP-43. These findings highlight novel elements of TDP-43 biology that are affected by disease-linked mutations and suggest a neuronally selective mechanism through which TDP-43 mutations might elicit neuronal dysfunction.
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