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Vicario R, Fragkogianni S, Weber L, Lazarov T, Hu Y, Hayashi SY, Craddock BP, Socci ND, Alberdi A, Baako A, Ay O, Ogishi M, Lopez-Rodrigo E, Kappagantula R, Viale A, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Zhou T, Ransohoff RM, Chesworth R, Abdel-Wahab O, Boisson B, Elemento O, Casanova JL, Miller WT, Geissmann F. A microglia clonal inflammatory disorder in Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.25.577216. [PMID: 38328106 PMCID: PMC10849735 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Somatic genetic heterogeneity resulting from post-zygotic DNA mutations is widespread in human tissues and can cause diseases, however few studies have investigated its role in neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Here we report the selective enrichment of microglia clones carrying pathogenic variants, that are not present in neuronal, glia/stromal cells, or blood, from patients with AD in comparison to age-matched controls. Notably, microglia-specific AD-associated variants preferentially target the MAPK pathway, including recurrent CBL ring-domain mutations. These variants activate ERK and drive a microglia transcriptional program characterized by a strong neuro-inflammatory response, both in vitro and in patients. Although the natural history of AD-associated microglial clones is difficult to establish in human, microglial expression of a MAPK pathway activating variant was previously shown to cause neurodegeneration in mice, suggesting that AD-associated neuroinflammatory microglial clones may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in patients. One-Sentence Summary A subset of Alzheimer Disease patients carry mutant microglia somatic clones which promote neuro-inflammation.
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Labusek N, Ghari P, Mouloud Y, Köster C, Diesterbeck E, Hadamitzky M, Felderhoff-Müser U, Bendix I, Giebel B, Herz J. Hypothermia combined with extracellular vesicles from clonally expanded immortalized mesenchymal stromal cells improves neurodevelopmental impairment in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:280. [PMID: 38012640 PMCID: PMC10680187 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy following hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of childhood death and morbidity. Hypothermia (HT), the only available but obligatory therapy is limited due to a short therapeutic window and limited efficacy. An adjuvant therapy overcoming limitations of HT is still missing. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promising therapeutic effects in various brain injury models. Challenges associated with MSCs' heterogeneity and senescence can be mitigated by the use of EVs from clonally expanded immortalized MSCs (ciMSCs). In the present study, we hypothesized that intranasal ciMSC-EV delivery overcomes limitations of HT. METHODS Nine-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to HI by occlusion of the right common carotid artery followed by 1 h hypoxia (10% oxygen). HT was initiated immediately after insult for 4 h. Control animals were kept at physiological body core temperatures. ciMSC-EVs or vehicle were administered intranasally 1, 3 and 5 days post HI/HT. Neuronal cell loss, inflammatory and regenerative responses were assessed via immunohistochemistry, western blot and real-time PCR 7 days after insult. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated by analyses of cognitive function, activity and anxiety-related behavior 5 weeks after HI/HT. RESULTS In contrast to HT monotherapy, the additional intranasal therapy with ciMSC-EVs prevented HI-induced cognitive deficits, hyperactivity and alterations of anxiety-related behavior at adolescence. This was preceded by reduction of striatal neuronal loss, decreased endothelial, microglia and astrocyte activation; reduced expression of pro-inflammatory and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the combination of HT with intranasal ciMSC-EV delivery promoted regenerative and neurodevelopmental processes, including endothelial proliferation, neurotrophic growth factor expression and oligodendrocyte maturation, which were not altered by HT monotherapy. CONCLUSION Intranasal delivery of ciMSC-EVs represents a novel adjunct therapy, overcoming limitations of acute HT thereby offering new possibilities for improving long-term outcomes in neonates with HI-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Labusek
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Parnian Ghari
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yanis Mouloud
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Köster
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Diesterbeck
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Josephine Herz
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Labusek N, Mouloud Y, Köster C, Diesterbeck E, Tertel T, Wiek C, Hanenberg H, Horn PA, Felderhoff-Müser U, Bendix I, Giebel B, Herz J. Extracellular vesicles from immortalized mesenchymal stromal cells protect against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:24. [PMID: 37069694 PMCID: PMC10108458 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) revealed neuroprotective potentials in various brain injury models, including neonatal encephalopathy caused by hypoxia-ischemia (HI). However, for clinical translation of an MSC-EV therapy, scaled manufacturing strategies are required, which is challenging with primary MSCs due to inter- and intra-donor heterogeneities. Therefore, we established a clonally expanded and immortalized human MSC line (ciMSC) and compared the neuroprotective potential of their EVs with EVs from primary MSCs in a murine model of HI-induced brain injury. In vivo activities of ciMSC-EVs were comprehensively characterized according to their proposed multimodal mechanisms of action. METHODS Nine-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to HI followed by repetitive intranasal delivery of primary MSC-EVs or ciMSC-EVs 1, 3, and 5 days after HI. Sham-operated animals served as healthy controls. To compare neuroprotective effects of both EV preparations, total and regional brain atrophy was assessed by cresyl-violet-staining 7 days after HI. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR were performed to investigate neuroinflammatory and regenerative processes. The amount of peripheral inflammatory mediators was evaluated by multiplex analyses in serum samples. RESULTS Intranasal delivery of ciMSC-EVs and primary MSC-EVs comparably protected neonatal mice from HI-induced brain tissue atrophy. Mechanistically, ciMSC-EV application reduced microglia activation and astrogliosis, endothelial activation, and leukocyte infiltration. These effects were associated with a downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta and an elevated expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-beta in the brain, while concentrations of cytokines in the peripheral blood were not affected. ciMSC-EV-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in the brain were accompanied by an increased neural progenitor and endothelial cell proliferation, oligodendrocyte maturation, and neurotrophic growth factor expression. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ciMSC-EVs conserve neuroprotective effects of primary MSC-EVs via inhibition of neuroinflammation and promotion of neuroregeneration. Since ciMSCs can overcome challenges associated with MSC heterogeneity, they appear as an ideal cell source for the scaled manufacturing of EV-based therapeutics to treat neonatal and possibly also adult brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Labusek
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yanis Mouloud
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Köster
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Diesterbeck
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Josephine Herz
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Marqués-Torrejón MÁ, Williams CAC, Southgate B, Alfazema N, Clements MP, Garcia-Diaz C, Blin C, Arranz-Emparan N, Fraser J, Gammoh N, Parrinello S, Pollard SM. LRIG1 is a gatekeeper to exit from quiescence in adult neural stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2594. [PMID: 33972529 PMCID: PMC8110534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) must tightly regulate quiescence and proliferation. Single-cell analysis has suggested a continuum of cell states as NSCs exit quiescence. Here we capture and characterize in vitro primed quiescent NSCs and identify LRIG1 as an important regulator. We show that BMP-4 signaling induces a dormant non-cycling quiescent state (d-qNSCs), whereas combined BMP-4/FGF-2 signaling induces a distinct primed quiescent state poised for cell cycle re-entry. Primed quiescent NSCs (p-qNSCs) are defined by high levels of LRIG1 and CD9, as well as an interferon response signature, and can efficiently engraft into the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) niche. Genetic disruption of Lrig1 in vivo within the SVZ NSCs leads an enhanced proliferation. Mechanistically, LRIG1 primes quiescent NSCs for cell cycle re-entry and EGFR responsiveness by enabling EGFR protein levels to increase but limiting signaling activation. LRIG1 is therefore an important functional regulator of NSC exit from quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles A C Williams
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Benjamin Southgate
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neza Alfazema
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melanie P Clements
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Garcia-Diaz
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carla Blin
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nerea Arranz-Emparan
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane Fraser
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Noor Gammoh
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Scalabrino G. Epidermal Growth Factor in the CNS: A Beguiling Journey from Integrated Cell Biology to Multiple Sclerosis. An Extensive Translational Overview. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:891-916. [PMID: 33151415 PMCID: PMC8942922 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the wealth of papers dealing with the different effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons, and neural stem cells (NSCs). EGF induces the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of NSCs, their migration, and their differentiation towards the neuroglial cell line. It interacts with extracellular matrix components. NSCs are distributed in different CNS areas, serve as a reservoir of multipotent cells, and may be increased during CNS demyelinating diseases. EGF has pleiotropic differentiative and proliferative effects on the main CNS cell types, particularly oligodendrocytes and their precursors, and astrocytes. EGF mediates the in vivo myelinotrophic effect of cobalamin on the CNS, and modulates the synthesis and levels of CNS normal prions (PrPCs), both of which are indispensable for myelinogenesis and myelin maintenance. EGF levels are significantly lower in the cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which probably explains remyelination failure, also because of the EGF marginal role in immunology. When repeatedly administered, EGF protects mouse spinal cord from demyelination in various experimental models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. It would be worth further investigating the role of EGF in the pathogenesis of MS because of its multifarious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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6
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Lindberg OR, McKinney A, Engler JR, Koshkakaryan G, Gong H, Robinson AE, Ewald AJ, Huillard E, David James C, Molinaro AM, Shieh JT, Phillips JJ. GBM heterogeneity as a function of variable epidermal growth factor receptor variant III activity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79101-79116. [PMID: 27738329 PMCID: PMC5346701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) due to a deletion of exons 2-7 of EGFR (EGFRvIII) is a common alteration in glioblastoma (GBM). While this alteration can drive gliomagenesis, tumors harboring EGFRvIII are heterogeneous. To investigate the role for EGFRvIII activation in tumor phenotype we used a neural progenitor cell-based murine model of GBM driven by EGFR signaling and generated tumor progenitor cells with high and low EGFRvIII activation, pEGFRHi and pEGFRLo. In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies suggested a direct association between EGFRvIII activity and increased tumor cell proliferation, decreased tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and altered progenitor cell phenotype. Time-lapse confocal imaging of tumor cells in brain slice cultures demonstrated blood vessel co-option by tumor cells and highlighted differences in invasive pattern. Inhibition of EGFR signaling in pEGFRHi promoted cell differentiation and increased cell-matrix adhesion. Conversely, increased EGFRvIII activation in pEGFRLo reduced cell-matrix adhesion. Our study using a murine model for GBM driven by a single genetic driver, suggests differences in EGFR activation contribute to tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle R Lindberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew McKinney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jane R Engler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gayane Koshkakaryan
- Touro University California, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Henry Gong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron E Robinson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Departments of Cell Biology, Oncology, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Huillard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) UMR-S975, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, Paris, France
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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7
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MANF Promotes Differentiation and Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells with Potential Neural Regenerative Effects in Stroke. Mol Ther 2017; 26:238-255. [PMID: 29050872 PMCID: PMC5763030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia activates endogenous reparative processes, such as increased proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and migration of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) toward the ischemic area. However, this reparative process is limited because most of the NPCs die shortly after injury or are unable to arrive at the infarct boundary. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that endogenous mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) protects NSCs against oxygen-glucose-deprivation-induced injury and has a crucial role in regulating NPC migration. In NSC cultures, MANF protein administration did not affect growth of cells but triggered neuronal and glial differentiation, followed by activation of STAT3. In SVZ explants, MANF overexpression facilitated cell migration and activated the STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathway. Using a rat model of cortical stroke, intracerebroventricular injections of MANF did not affect cell proliferation in the SVZ, but promoted migration of doublecortin (DCX)+ cells toward the corpus callosum and infarct boundary on day 14 post-stroke. Long-term infusion of MANF into the peri-infarct zone increased the recruitment of DCX+ cells in the infarct area. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a neuroregenerative activity of MANF that facilitates differentiation and migration of NPCs, thereby increasing recruitment of neuroblasts in stroke cortex.
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Solano Fonseca R, Mahesula S, Apple DM, Raghunathan R, Dugan A, Cardona A, O'Connor J, Kokovay E. Neurogenic Niche Microglia Undergo Positional Remodeling and Progressive Activation Contributing to Age-Associated Reductions in Neurogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:542-55. [PMID: 26857912 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) exist throughout life in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the mammalian forebrain. During aging NSC function is diminished through an unclear mechanism. In this study, we establish microglia, the immune cells of the brain, as integral niche cells within the V-SVZ that undergo age-associated repositioning in the V-SVZ. Microglia become activated early before NSC deficits during aging resulting in an antineurogenic microenvironment due to increased inflammatory cytokine secretion. These age-associated changes were not observed in non-neurogenic brain regions, suggesting V-SVZ microglia are specialized. Using a sustained inflammatory model in young adult mice, we induced microglia activation and inflammation that was accompanied by reduced NSC proliferation in the V-SVZ. Furthermore, in vitro studies revealed secreted factors from activated microglia reduced proliferation and neuron production compared to secreted factors from resting microglia. Our results suggest that age-associated chronic inflammation contributes to declines in NSC function within the aging neurogenic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Solano Fonseca
- 1 Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas.,2 Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Swetha Mahesula
- 1 Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Deana M Apple
- 1 Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas.,2 Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rekha Raghunathan
- 3 Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison Dugan
- 4 Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Astrid Cardona
- 5 Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jason O'Connor
- 4 Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Erzsebet Kokovay
- 1 Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas.,2 Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies , San Antonio, Texas
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9
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Ergul A, Valenzuela JP, Fouda AY, Fagan SC. Cellular connections, microenvironment and brain angiogenesis in diabetes: Lost communication signals in the post-stroke period. Brain Res 2015; 1623:81-96. [PMID: 25749094 PMCID: PMC4743654 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes not only increases the risk but also worsens the motor and cognitive recovery after stroke, which is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Repair after stroke requires coordinated communication among various cell types in the central nervous system as well as circulating cells. Vascular restoration is critical for the enhancement of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Given that vascular disease is a major component of all complications associated with diabetes including stroke, this review will focus on cellular communications that are important for vascular restoration in the context of diabetes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adviye Ergul
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2094, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - John Paul Valenzuela
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2094, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Susan C Fagan
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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10
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Lampron A, Larochelle A, Laflamme N, Préfontaine P, Plante MM, Sánchez MG, Yong VW, Stys PK, Tremblay MÈ, Rivest S. Inefficient clearance of myelin debris by microglia impairs remyelinating processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:481-95. [PMID: 25779633 PMCID: PMC4387282 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lampron et al. use a cuprizone mouse model of demyelination/remyelination to show that in CX3CR1-deficient mice, the clearance of myelin debris by microglia is impaired, affecting the integrity of axon and myelin sheaths. An imbalance between remyelinating and demyelinating rates underlies degenerative processes in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. An optimal therapeutic strategy would be to stimulate remyelination while limiting demyelination. Although accumulation of myelin debris impairs remyelination, the mechanisms regulating the clearance of such debris by mononuclear phagocytic cells are poorly understood. We demonstrate that after cuprizone intoxication, CCR2-dependent infiltration of mouse bone marrow–derived cells is abundant in demyelinating areas, but that these cells do not impact demyelination. However, in CX3CR1-deficient mice, the clearance of myelin debris by microglia was blocked greatly, affecting the integrity of the axon and myelin sheaths and thus preventing proper remyelination. These results highlight the crucial role played by CX3CR1 in myelin removal and show that there can be no efficient remyelination after a primary demyelinating insult if myelin clearance by microglia is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lampron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec 2G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Antoine Larochelle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec 2G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Laflamme
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec 2G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Paul Préfontaine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec 2G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Michèle Plante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec 2G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Maria Gabriela Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec 2G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Peter K Stys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec 2G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec 2G1V 4G2, Canada
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