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Li N, Nguyen BT, Zhang Z, MacLellan WR, Zhang Y. Dynamic Visualization of DNA Methylation in Cell Cycle Genes during iPSC Cardiac Differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.575536. [PMID: 38293056 PMCID: PMC10827144 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.575536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Epigenetic DNA methylation is an essential mechanism controlling gene expression and cellular function. Existing analyses with conventional assays have generated significant insights into static states of DNA methylation, but were unable to visualize the dynamics of epigenetic regulation. Aim We utilized a genomic DNA methylation reporter (GMR) system to track changes in DNA methylation during cardiac differentiation. Methods and Results The promoter region of Cdk1 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 1) or Sox2 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2) gene was cloned upstream of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (Snrpn) minimal promoter followed by a fluorescent reporter gene. Mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying Sox2 GMR rapidly lost fluorescent reporter signal upon the induction of differentiation. Cdk1 GMR reporter signal was strong in undifferentiated iPSCs, and gradually decreased during directed cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation. RT-qPCR and pyrosequencing demonstrated that the reduction of Sox2 and Cdk1 was regulated by hypermethylation of their CpG regions during cardiac differentiation. The present study demonstrated the dynamic DNA methylation along the course of cell cycle withdrawal during CM differentiation. Conclusion The GMR reporter system can be a useful tool to monitor real-time epigenetic DNA modification at single-cell resolution.
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Scala P, Manzo P, Longo R, Giudice V, Ciardulli MC, Serio B, Selleri C, Guadagno L, Rehak L, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. Contribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by advanced filtration system to myogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with myoblasts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17141. [PMID: 37484299 PMCID: PMC10361327 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contribution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in myogenesis is still under debate, even though blood filtration systems are commonly used in clinical practice for successfully management of critic limb ischemia. Objectives A commercial blood filter used for autologous human PBMC transplantation procedures is characterized and used to collect PBMCs, that are then added to well-established 2D in vitro myogenic models assembled with a co-culture of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and skeletal myoblasts (hSkMs) whit the aim of investigating their potential contribution to stem cell myogenic commitment. Methods A commercial blood filter was physically and chemically studied to understand its morphological characteristics and composition. PBMCs were concentrated using this system, further isolated by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation, and then added in an upper transwell chamber to a 2D co-culture of hBM-MSCs and hSkMs. Myogenic commitment was investigated by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Cytokine levels were monitored by ELISA assay in culture media. Results The blood filtration system was disassembled and appeared to be formed by twelve membranes of poly-butylene terephthalate fibers (diameters, 0.9-4.0 μm) with pore size distribution of 1-20 μm. Filter functional characterization was achieved by characterizing collected cells by flow cytometry. Subsequently, collected PBMCs fraction was added to an in-vitro model of hBM-MSC myogenic commitment. In the presence of PBMCs, stem cells significantly upregulated myogenic genes, such as Desmin and MYH2, as confirmed by qRT-PCR and expressed related proteins by immunofluorescence (IF) assay, while downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL12A at day 14) along the 21 days of culture. Novelty Our work highlights chemical-physical properties of commercial blood filter and suggests that blood filtrated fraction of PBMC might modulate cytokine expression in response to muscle injury and promote myogenic events, supporting their clinical use in autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 43, 84081 Baronissi SA, Italy
| | - Paola Manzo
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona”, Largo Città d'Ippocrate, 1, 84131 Salerno SA, Italy
| | - Raffaele Longo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 43, 84081 Baronissi SA, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona”, Largo Città d'Ippocrate, 1, 84131 Salerno SA, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 43, 84081 Baronissi SA, Italy
| | - Bianca Serio
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona”, Largo Città d'Ippocrate, 1, 84131 Salerno SA, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 43, 84081 Baronissi SA, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona”, Largo Città d'Ippocrate, 1, 84131 Salerno SA, Italy
| | - Liberata Guadagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Laura Rehak
- Athena Biomedical Innovations, Viale Europa 139, Florence, 50126, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 43, 84081 Baronissi SA, Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 43, 84081 Baronissi SA, Italy
- Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
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3
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Scala P, Manzo P, Lamparelli EP, Lovecchio J, Ciardulli MC, Giudice V, Selleri C, Giordano E, Rehak L, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells contribute to myogenesis in a 3D bioengineered system of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and myoblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1075715. [PMID: 36704300 PMCID: PMC9871311 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1075715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a 3D environment obtained using fibrin scaffold and two cell populations, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and primary skeletal muscle cells (SkMs), was assembled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) fraction obtained after blood filtration with HemaTrate® filter was then added to the 3D culture system to explore their influence on myogenesis. The best cell ratio into a 3D fibrin hydrogel was 1:1 (BM-MSCs plus SkMs:PBMCs) when cultured in a perfusion bioreactor; indeed, excellent viability and myogenic event induction were observed. Myogenic genes were significantly overexpressed when cultured with PBMCs, such as MyoD1 of 118-fold at day 14 and Desmin 6-fold at day 21. Desmin and Myosin Heavy Chain were also detected at protein level by immunostaining along the culture. Moreover, the presence of PBMCs in 3D culture induced a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, such as IL6. This smart biomimetic environment can be an excellent tool for investigation of cellular crosstalk and PBMC influence on myogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola Manzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Rehak
- Athena Biomedical innovations, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy,*Correspondence: Giovanna Della Porta,
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4
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Garoffolo G, Casaburo M, Amadeo F, Salvi M, Bernava G, Piacentini L, Chimenti I, Zaccagnini G, Milcovich G, Zuccolo E, Agrifoglio M, Ragazzini S, Baasansuren O, Cozzolino C, Chiesa M, Ferrari S, Carbonaro D, Santoro R, Manzoni M, Casalis L, Raucci A, Molinari F, Menicanti L, Pagano F, Ohashi T, Martelli F, Massai D, Colombo GI, Messina E, Morbiducci U, Pesce M. Reduction of Cardiac Fibrosis by Interference With YAP-Dependent Transactivation. Circ Res 2022; 131:239-257. [PMID: 35770662 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversion of cardiac stromal cells into myofibroblasts is typically associated with hypoxia conditions, metabolic insults, and/or inflammation, all of which are predisposing factors to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. We hypothesized that this conversion could be also mediated by response of these cells to mechanical cues through activation of the Hippo transcriptional pathway. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of cellular/nuclear straining forces acting in myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac stromal cells under the control of YAP (yes-associated protein) transcription factor and to validate this finding using a pharmacological agent that interferes with the interactions of the YAP/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs (TEA domain transcription factors), under high-strain and profibrotic stimulation. METHODS We employed high content imaging, 2-dimensional/3-dimensional culture, atomic force microscopy mapping, and molecular methods to prove the role of cell/nuclear straining in YAP-dependent fibrotic programming in a mouse model of ischemia-dependent cardiac fibrosis and in human-derived primitive cardiac stromal cells. We also tested treatment of cells with Verteporfin, a drug known to prevent the association of the YAP/TAZ complex with their cognate transcription factors TEADs. RESULTS Our experiments suggested that pharmacologically targeting the YAP-dependent pathway overrides the profibrotic activation of cardiac stromal cells by mechanical cues in vitro, and that this occurs even in the presence of profibrotic signaling mediated by TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta-1). In vivo administration of Verteporfin in mice with permanent cardiac ischemia reduced significantly fibrosis and morphometric remodeling but did not improve cardiac performance. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that preventing molecular translation of mechanical cues in cardiac stromal cells reduces the impact of cardiac maladaptive remodeling with a positive effect on fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Garoffolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Francesco Amadeo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Massimo Salvi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Giacomo Bernava
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Luca Piacentini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome (I.C., C.C.).,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli (I.C.)
| | | | | | - Estella Zuccolo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Marco Agrifoglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy (M.A.)
| | - Sara Ragazzini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Otgon Baasansuren
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (O.B., T.O.)
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome (I.C., C.C.)
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Dario Carbonaro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Martina Manzoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | | | - Angela Raucci
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | | | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Italy (F.P.)
| | - Toshiro Ohashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (O.B., T.O.)
| | | | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Gualtiero I Colombo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry. Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome (E.M.)
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy (M.S., D.C., F. Molinari, D.M., U.M.)
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (G.G., M.C., F.A., G.B., L.P., E.Z., S.R., M.C., S.F., R.S., M.M., A.R., G.I.C., M.P.)
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5
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Chimenti I, Picchio V, Pagano F, Schirone L, Schiavon S, D'Ambrosio L, Valenti V, Forte M, di Nonno F, Rubattu S, Peruzzi M, Versaci F, Greco E, Calogero A, De Falco E, Frati G, Sciarretta S. The impact of autophagy modulation on phenotype and survival of cardiac stromal cells under metabolic stress. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:149. [PMID: 35365624 PMCID: PMC8975847 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) embrace multiple phenotypes and are a contributory factor in tissue homeostasis and repair. They can be exploited as therapeutic mediators against cardiac fibrosis and remodeling, but their survival and cardioprotective properties can be decreased by microenvironmental cues. We evaluated the impact of autophagy modulation by different pharmacological/genetic approaches on the viability and phenotype of murine CSCs, which had been subjected to nutrient deprivation or hyperglycemia, in order to mimic relevant stress conditions and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Our results show that autophagy is activated in CSCs by nutrient deprivation, and that autophagy induction by trehalose or autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7)-overexpression can significantly preserve CSC viability. Furthermore, autophagy induction is associated with a higher proportion of primitive, non-activated stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1)-positive cells, and with a reduced fibrotic fraction (positive for the discoidin domain-containing receptor 2, DDR2) in the CSC pool after nutrient deprivation. Hyperglycemia, on the other hand, is associated with reduced autophagic flux in CSCs, and with a significant reduction in primitive Sca1+ cells. Autophagy induction by adenoviral-mediated ATG7-overexpression maintains a cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic paracrine profile of CSCs exposed to hyperglycemia for 1 week. Finally, autophagy induction by ATG7-overexpression during hyperglycemia can significantly preserve cell viability in CSCs, which were subsequently exposed to nutrient deprivation, reducing hyperglycemia-induced impairment of cell resistance to stress. In conclusion, our results show that autophagy stimulation preserves CSC viability and function in response to metabolic stressors, suggesting that it may boost the beneficial functions of CSCs in cardiac repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Istitute, CNR, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Luca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Valentina Valenti
- Haemodynamic and Cardiology Unit, "Santa Maria Goretti" Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | | | | | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Haemodynamic and Cardiology Unit, "Santa Maria Goretti" Hospital, Latina, Italy
- Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Greco
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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6
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Marbán E, Liao K. On the cellular origin of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs). Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:12. [PMID: 35258685 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, AHSP A3600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Ke Liao
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, AHSP A3600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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7
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Picchio V, Bordin A, Floris E, Cozzolino C, Dhori X, Peruzzi M, Frati G, De Falco E, Pagano F, Chimenti I. The dynamic facets of the cardiac stroma: from classical markers to omics and translational perspectives. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1172-1187. [PMID: 35273721 PMCID: PMC8902528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells have been long underestimated in their functions in homeostasis and repair. Recent evidence has changed this perspective in that many more players and facets than just "cardiac fibroblasts" have entered the field. Single cell transcriptomic studies on cardiac interstitial cells have shed light on the phenotypic plasticity of the stroma, whose transcriptional profile is dynamically regulated in homeostatic conditions and in response to external stimuli. Different populations and/or functional states that appear in homeostasis and pathology have been described, particularly increasing the complexity of studying the cardiac response to injury. In this review, we outline current phenotypical and molecular markers, and the approaches developed for identifying and classifying cardiac stromal cells. Significant advances in our understanding of cardiac stromal populations will provide a deeper knowledge on myocardial functional cellular components, as well as a platform for future developments of novel therapeutic strategies to counteract cardiac fibrosis and adverse cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Erica Floris
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Xhulio Dhori
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- IRCCS NeuromedPozzilli, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Institute, CNRMonterotondo, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
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8
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Taylor DA, Chacon-Alberty L, Sampaio LC, Del Hierro MG, Perin EC, Mesquita FCP, Henry TD, Traverse JH, Pepine CJ, Hare JM, Murphy MP, Yang PC, March KL, Vojvodic RW, Ebert RF, Bolli R. Recommendations for Nomenclature and Definition Of Cell Products Intended for Human Cardiovascular Use. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2428-2436. [PMID: 34387303 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising new strategy to facilitate repair of hearts damaged by acute or chronic injury. However, the field of cell-based therapy is handicapped by the lack of standardized definitions and terminology, making comparisons across studies challenging. Even the term "stem cell therapy" is misleading because only a small percentage of cells derived from adult bone marrow, peripheral blood, or adipose tissue meets the accepted hematopoietic or developmental definition of stem cells. Furthermore, cells (stem or otherwise) are dynamic biological products, meaning that their surface marker expression, phenotypic and functional characteristics, and the products they secrete in response to their microenvironment can change. It is also important to point out that most surface markers are seldom specific for a cell type. In this article, we discuss the lack of consistency in the descriptive terminology used in cell-based therapies and offer guidelines aimed at standardizing nomenclature and definitions to improve communication among investigators and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris A Taylor
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas.,RegenMedix Consulting LLC, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Luiz C Sampaio
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Emerson C Perin
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Timothy D Henry
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jay H Traverse
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, and University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Carl J Pepine
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Phillip C Yang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Keith L March
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rachel W Vojvodic
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Ray F Ebert
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Sahadevan P, Allen BG. Isolation and culture of adult murine cardiac atrial and ventricular fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Methods 2021; 203:187-195. [PMID: 33838270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play a critical role in extracellular matrix homeostasis, wound healing, and cardiac interstitial fibrosis: the latter being a pathophysiological response to a chronic increase in afterload. Using a standard protocol to isolate cardiac fibroblasts and maintain them in their quiescent phenotype in vitro will enable a better understanding of cardiac fibroblast biology and their role in the response to profibrotic stimuli. Here, we describe an enzymatic method for isolating cardiac fibroblasts. The resulting cells are maintained on either a collagen-coated hydrogel-bound polystyrene (compliant) substrate or standard polystyrene culture dishes (non-compliant) to obtain quiescent fibroblasts and activated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts), respectively. Fibroblasts maintained on a non-compliant substrate developed a myofibroblast phenotype, in which the αSMA immunoreactivity was markedly elevated and incorporated into the stress fibers. In contrast, ventricular and atrial fibroblasts retain their quiescent phenotype for up to 3 passages when maintained on a compliant substrate. Hence, the methodology described herein provides a simple and reproducible way to isolate adult murine atrial and ventricular cardiac fibroblasts from a single animal and, by selecting a substrate with the appropriate compliance, examine the mediators of fibroblast activation or inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sahadevan
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St., Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St., Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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10
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Ibrahim AGE, Li C, Ciullo A, Jones-Ungerleider KC, Peck K, Marbán L, Marbán E. Small molecule inhibitors and culture conditions enhance therapeutic cell and EV potency via activation of beta-catenin and suppression of THY1. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102347. [PMID: 33321216 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary cell therapy continues to face significant hurdles to therapeutic translation including the inherent variations that exist from donor to donor, batch to batch, and scale-up driven modifications to the manufacturing process. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are stromal/progenitor cells with clinically demonstrated tissue reparative capabilities. Mechanistic investigations have identified canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a therapeutic potency marker, and THY1 (CD90) expression as inversely correlated with potency. Here we demonstrate that the cardiosphere formation process increases β-catenin levels and enriches for therapeutic miR content in the extracellular vesicles of these cells, namely miR-146a and miR-22. We further find that loss of potency is correlated with impaired cardiosphere formation. Finally, our data show that small GSK3β inhibitors including CHIR, and BIO and "pro-canonical Wnt" culturing conditions can rescue β-catenin signaling and reduce CD90 expression. These findings identify strategies that could be used to maintain CDC potency and therapeutic consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kiel Peck
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Marbán
- Capricor Therapeutics, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Kang IS, Suh J, Lee MN, Lee C, Jin J, Lee C, Yang YI, Jang Y, Oh GT. Characterization of human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles comparing with human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31964470 PMCID: PMC7061210 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration with adult stem-cell (ASC) therapy is a promising field to address advanced cardiovascular diseases. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from ASCs have been implicated in acting as paracrine factors to improve cardiac functions in ASC therapy. In our work, we isolated human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (h-CMSCs) by means of three-dimensional organ culture (3D culture) during ex vivo expansion of cardiac tissue, to compare the functional efficacy with human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-BM-MSCs), one of the actively studied ASCs. We characterized the h-CMSCs as CD90low, c-kitnegative, CD105positive phenotype and these cells express NANOG, SOX2, and GATA4. To identify the more effective type of EVs for angiogenesis among the different sources of ASCs, we isolated EVs which were derived from CMSCs with either normoxic or hypoxic condition and BM-MSCs. Our in vitro tube-formation results demonstrated that the angiogenic effects of EVs from hypoxia-treated CMSCs (CMSC-Hpx EVs) were greater than the well-known effects of EVs from BM-MSCs (BM-MSC EVs), and these were even comparable to human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF), a potent angiogenic factor. Therefore, we present here that CD90lowc-kitnegativeCD105positive CMSCs under hypoxic conditions secrete functionally superior EVs for in vitro angiogenesis. Our findings will allow more insights on understanding myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sook Kang
- The Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722; Department of Internal Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Joowon Suh
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Mi-Ni Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Young Il Yang
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- The Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722; Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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12
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Yang J, Zhan XZ, Malola J, Li ZY, Pawar JS, Zhang HT, Zha ZG. The multiple roles of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. Differentiation 2020; 113:38-48. [PMID: 32403041 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thy-1 is a 25-37 kDa glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein that was discovered more than 50 years ago. Recent findings have suggested that Thy-1 is expressed on thymocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cancer stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, neuronal smooth muscle cells, and pan T cells. Thy-1 plays vital roles in cell migration, adhesion, differentiation, transdifferentiation, apoptosis, mechanotransduction, and cell division, which in turn are involved in tumor development, pulmonary fibrosis, neurite outgrowth, and T cell activation. Studies have increasingly indicated a significant role of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. However, despite recent research, many questions remain regarding the roles of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. This review aimed to summarize the roles of Thy-1 in cell differentiation and regeneration. Furthermore, since Thy-1 is an outer leaflet membrane protein anchored by GPI, we attempted to address how Thy-1 regulates intracellular pathways through cis and trans signals. Due to the complexity and mystery surrounding the issue, we also summarized the Thy-1-related pathways in different biological processes, and this might provide novel insights in the field of cell differentiation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Zhan
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jonathan Malola
- College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - Huan-Tian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Martini H, Iacovoni JS, Maggiorani D, Dutaur M, Marsal DJ, Roncalli J, Itier R, Dambrin C, Pizzinat N, Mialet‐Perez J, Cussac D, Parini A, Lefevre L, Douin‐Echinard V. Aging induces cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell senescence and promotes endothelial cell fate of the CD90 + subset. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13015. [PMID: 31353772 PMCID: PMC6718537 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor in the development of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Age-related organ dysfunction is strongly associated with the accumulation of senescent cells. Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs), deemed part of the microenvironment, modulate cardiac homeostasis through their vascular differentiation potential and paracrine activity. Transcriptomic analysis of cMSCs identified age-dependent biological pathways regulating immune responses and angiogenesis. Aged cMSCs displayed a senescence program characterized by Cdkn2a expression, decreased proliferation and clonogenicity, and acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Increased CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment by aged cMSCs was associated with increased IL-1ß production by inflammatory macrophages in the aging heart. In turn, IL-1ß induced senescence in cMSCs and mimicked age-related phenotypic changes such as decreased CD90 expression. The CD90+ and CD90- cMSC subsets had biased vascular differentiation potentials, and CD90+ cMSCs were more prone to acquire markers of the endothelial lineage with aging. These features were related to the emergence of a new cMSC subset in the aging heart, expressing CD31 and endothelial genes. These results demonstrate that cMSC senescence and SASP production are supported by the installation of an inflammatory amplification loop, which could sustain cMSC senescence and interfere with their vascular differentiation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Martini
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
- Institute Cardiomet, FHU IMPACT University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Jason S. Iacovoni
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
| | - Damien Maggiorani
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
| | - Marianne Dutaur
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
- Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Dimitri J. Marsal
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
| | - Jerome Roncalli
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
- Institute Cardiomet, FHU IMPACT University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Romain Itier
- Institute Cardiomet, FHU IMPACT University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Camille Dambrin
- Institute Cardiomet, FHU IMPACT University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Nathalie Pizzinat
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
| | - Jeanne Mialet‐Perez
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
| | - Daniel Cussac
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
- Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Angelo Parini
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
- Institute Cardiomet, FHU IMPACT University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
- Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Lise Lefevre
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
- Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
| | - Victorine Douin‐Echinard
- Inserm UMR Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Toulouse France
- Paul Sabatier University Toulouse France
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14
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An Improved Method of Maintaining Primary Murine Cardiac Fibroblasts in Two-Dimensional Cell Culture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12889. [PMID: 31501457 PMCID: PMC6733858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cardiac fibroblasts are notoriously difficult to maintain for extended periods of time in cell culture, due to the plasticity of their phenotype and sensitivity to mechanical input. In order to study cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro, we have developed cell culture conditions which promote the quiescent fibroblast phenotype in primary cells. Using elastic silicone substrata, both rat and mouse primary cardiac fibroblasts could be maintained in a quiescent state for more than 3 days after isolation and these cells showed low expression of myofibroblast markers, including fibronectin extracellular domain A, non-muscle myosin IIB, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha and alpha-smooth muscle actin. Gene expression was also more fibroblast-like vs. that of myofibroblasts, as Tcf21 was significantly upregulated, while Fn1-EDA, Col1A1 and Col1A2 were markedly downregulated. Cell culture conditions (eg. serum, nutrient concentration) are critical for the control of temporal fibroblast proliferation. We propose that eliminating mechanical stimulus and limiting the nutrient content of cell culture media can extend the quiescent nature of primary cardiac fibroblasts for physiological analyses in vitro.
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15
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Enhanced cardiac repair by telomerase reverse transcriptase over-expression in human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10579. [PMID: 31332256 PMCID: PMC6646304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported a subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα)/CD90 co-expressing cardiac interstitial and adventitial cell fraction. Here we further characterise PDGFRα/CD90-expressing cardiac MSCs (PDGFRα + cMSCs) and use human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) over-expression to increase cMSCs ability to repair the heart after induced myocardial infarction. hTERT over-expression in PDGFRα + cardiac MSCs (hTERT + PDGFRα + cMSCs) modulates cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and angiogenesis related genes. In vivo, transplantation of hTERT + PDGFRα + cMSCs in athymic rats significantly increased left ventricular function, reduced scar size, increased angiogenesis and proliferation of both cardiomyocyte and non-myocyte cell fractions four weeks after myocardial infarction. In contrast, transplantation of mutant hTERT + PDGFRα + cMSCs (which generate catalytically-inactive telomerase) failed to replicate this cardiac functional improvement, indicating a telomerase-dependent mechanism. There was no hTERT + PDGFRα + cMSCs engraftment 14 days after transplantation indicating functional improvement occurred by paracrine mechanisms. Mass spectrometry on hTERT + PDGFRα + cMSCs conditioned media showed increased proteins associated with matrix modulation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation/survival/adhesion and innate immunity function. Our study shows that hTERT can activate pro-regenerative signalling within PDGFRα + cMSCs and enhance cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. An increased understanding of hTERT’s role in mesenchymal stromal cells from various organs will favourably impact clinical regenerative and anti-cancer therapies.
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16
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Xu M, Shaw G, Murphy M, Barry F. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are Functionally and Genetically Different From Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:754-765. [PMID: 30779868 PMCID: PMC6591688 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in the generation of functional mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) preparations from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and this is now regarded as a potential source of unlimited, standardized, high‐quality cells for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. Although iMSCs meet minimal criteria for defining MSCs in terms of marker expression, there are substantial differences in terms of trilineage potential, specifically a marked reduction in chondrogenic and adipogenic propensity in iMSCs compared with bone marrow‐derived (BM) MSCs. To reveal the cellular basis underlying these differences, we conducted phenotypic, functional, and genetic comparisons between iMSCs and BM‐MSCs. We found that iMSCs express very high levels of both KDR and MSX2 compared with BM‐MSCs. In addition, BM‐MSCs had significantly higher levels of PDGFRα. These distinct gene expression profiles were maintained during culture expansion, suggesting that prepared iMSCs are more closely related to vascular progenitor cells (VPCs). Although VPCs can differentiate along the chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic pathways, they require different inductive conditions compared with BM‐MSCs. These observations suggest to us that iMSCs, based on current widely used preparation protocols, do not represent a true alternative to primary MSCs isolated from BM. Furthermore, this study highlights the fact that high levels of expression of typical MSC markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 are insufficient to distinguish MSCs from other mesodermal progenitors in differentiated induced pluripotent stem cell cultures. stem cells2019;37:754–765
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojia Xu
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Georgina Shaw
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Murphy
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- The Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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17
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Pagano F, Picchio V, Angelini F, Iaccarino A, Peruzzi M, Cavarretta E, Biondi-Zoccai G, Sciarretta S, De Falco E, Chimenti I, Frati G. The Biological Mechanisms of Action of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Therapy. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:84. [PMID: 30105430 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-1031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases is regarded as a rapidly growing field within regenerative medicine. Different cellular populations enriched for cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), or derivate a-cellular products, are currently under preclinical and clinical evaluation. Here, we have reviewed the described mechanisms whereby resident post-natal CPCs, isolated in different ways, act as a therapeutic product on the damaged myocardium. RECENT FINDINGS Several biological mechanisms of action have been described which can explain the multiple therapeutic effects of CPC treatment observed on cardiac function and remodelling. These mechanisms span from direct cardiovascular differentiation, through induction of resident progenitor proliferation, to paracrine effects on cardiac and non-cardiac cells mediated by exosomes and non-coding RNAs. All the reported mechanisms of action support an integrated view including cardiomyogenesis, cardioprotection, and anti-fibrotic effects. Moreover, future developments of CPC therapy approaches may support cell-free strategies, exploiting effective pleiotropic cell-derived products, such as exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Via Giovanni Martinotti, 20, 00135, Rome, Italy.,Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO-National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Alessandra Iaccarino
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, viale Regina Margherita 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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18
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Gerisch M, Smettan J, Ebert S, Athelogou M, Brand-Saberi B, Spindler N, Mueller WC, Giri S, Bader A. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Cases of Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2018; 9:72. [PMID: 29559994 PMCID: PMC5845648 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify and quantify CD117+ and CD90+ endogenous cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) in human healthy and diseased hearts. We hypothesize that these cells perform a locally acting, contributing function in overcoming medical conditions of the heart by endogenous means. Human myocardium biopsies were obtained from 23 patients with the following diagnoses: Dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), myocarditis, and controls from healthy cardiac patients. High-resolution scanning microscopy of the whole slide enabled a computer-based immunohistochemical quantification of CD117 and CD90. Those signals were evaluated by Definiens Tissue Phenomics® Technology. Co-localization of CD117 and CD90 was determined by analyzing comparable serial sections. CD117+/CD90+ cardiac cells were detected in all biopsies. The highest expression of CD90 was revealed in the myocarditis group. CD117 was significantly higher in all patient groups, compared to healthy specimens (*p < 0.05). The highest co-expression was found in the myocarditis group (6.75 ± 3.25 CD90+CD117+ cells/mm2) followed by ICM (4 ± 1.89 cells/mm2), DCM (1.67 ± 0.58 cells/mm2), and healthy specimens (1 ± 0.43 cells/mm2). We conclude that the human heart comprises a fraction of local CD117+ and CD90+ cells. We hypothesize that these cells are part of local endogenous progenitor cells due to the co-expression of CD90 and CD117. With novel digital image analysis technologies, a quantification of the CD117 and CD90 signals is available. Our experiments reveal an increase of CD117 and CD90 in patients with myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gerisch
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Smettan
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Ebert
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nick Spindler
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf C Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Augustinus Bader
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-Alpha Expressing Cardiac Progenitor Cells Can Be Derived from Previously Cryopreserved Human Heart Samples. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:184-198. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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20
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Normal versus Pathological Cardiac Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Differentially Modulates Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Paracrine Properties and Commitment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7396462. [PMID: 28740514 PMCID: PMC5504962 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7396462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are under clinical evaluation as a therapeutic product for cardiac regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, limited engraftment and differentiation potential of transplanted cells significantly hamper therapeutic success. Moreover, maladaptive remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during heart failure progression provides impaired biological and mechanical signals to cardiac cells, including CPCs. In this study, we aimed at investigating the differential effect on the phenotype of human CDCs of cardiac fibroblast-derived ECM substrates from healthy or diseased hearts, named, respectively, normal or pathological cardiogel (CG-N/P). After 7 days of culture, results show increased levels of cardiogenic gene expression (NKX2.5, CX43) on both decellularized cardiogels compared to control, while the proportion and staining patterns of GATA4, OCT4, NKX2.5, ACTA1, VIM, and CD90-positive CPCs were not affected, as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. Nonetheless, CDCs cultured on CG-N secreted significantly higher levels of osteopontin, FGF6, FGF7, NT-3, IGFBP4, and TIMP-2 compared to those cultured on CG-P, suggesting overall a reduced trophic and antiremodelling paracrine profile of CDCs when in contact with ECM from pathological cardiac fibroblasts. These results provide novel insights into the bidirectional interplay between cardiac ECM and CPCs, potentially affecting CPC biology and regenerative potential.
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21
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Al-Maqtari T, Hong KU, Vajravelu BN, Moktar A, Cao P, Moore JB, Bolli R. Transcription factor-induced activation of cardiac gene expression in human c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174242. [PMID: 28355297 PMCID: PMC5371315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transplantation of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) significantly alleviates post-myocardial infarction left ventricular dysfunction, generation of cardiomyocytes by exogenous CPCs in the recipient heart has often been limited. Inducing robust differentiation would be necessary for improving the efficacy of the regenerative cardiac cell therapy. We assessed the hypothesis that differentiation of human c-kit+ CPCs can be enhanced by priming them with cardiac transcription factors (TFs). We introduced five different TFs (Gata4, MEF2C, NKX2.5, TBX5, and BAF60C) into CPCs, either alone or in combination, and then examined the expression of marker genes associated with the major cardiac cell types using quantitative RT-PCR. When introduced individually, Gata4 and TBX5 induced a subset of myocyte markers. Moreover, Gata4 alone significantly induced smooth muscle cell and fibroblast markers. Interestingly, these gene expression changes brought by Gata4 were also accompanied by morphological changes. In contrast, MEF2C and NKX2.5 were largely ineffective in initiating cardiac gene expression in CPCs. Surprisingly, introduction of multiple TFs in different combinations mostly failed to act synergistically. Likewise, addition of BAF60C to Gata4 and/or TBX5 did not further potentiate their effects on cardiac gene expression. Based on our results, it appears that GATA4 is able to potentiate gene expression programs associated with multiple cardiovascular lineages in CPCs, suggesting that GATA4 may be effective in priming CPCs for enhanced differentiation in the setting of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Al-Maqtari
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Kyung U. Hong
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Bathri N. Vajravelu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Afsoon Moktar
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Pengxiao Cao
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Joseph B. Moore
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Hensley MT, Tang J, Woodruff K, Defrancesco T, Tou S, Williams CM, Breen M, Meurs K, Keene B, Cheng K. Intracoronary allogeneic cardiosphere-derived stem cells are safe for use in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1503-1512. [PMID: 28296006 PMCID: PMC5543505 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere‐derived cells (CDCs) have been shown to reduce scar size and increase viable myocardium in human patients with mild/moderate myocardial infarction. Studies in rodent models suggest that CDC therapy may confer therapeutic benefits in patients with non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of allogeneic CDC in a large animal (canine) model of spontaneous DCM. Canine CDCs (cCDCs) were grown from a donor dog heart. Similar to human CDCs, cCDCs express CD105 and are slightly positive for c‐kit and CD90. Thirty million of allogeneic cCDCs was infused into the coronary vessels of Doberman pinscher dogs with spontaneous DCM. Adverse events were closely monitored, and cardiac functions were measured by echocardiography. No adverse events occurred during and after cell infusion. Histology on dog hearts (after natural death) revealed no sign of immune rejection from the transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taylor Hensley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kathleen Woodruff
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Teresa Defrancesco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sandra Tou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christina M Williams
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mathew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Meurs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bruce Keene
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh and Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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Harvey E, Zhang H, Sepúlveda P, Garcia SP, Sweeney D, Choudry FA, Castellano D, Thomas GN, Kattach H, Petersen R, Blake DJ, Taggart DP, Frontini M, Watt SM, Martin-Rendon E. Potency of Human Cardiosphere-Derived Cells from Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Is Associated with Robust Vascular Supportive Ability. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1399-1411. [PMID: 28205406 PMCID: PMC5442720 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cell (CDC) infusion into damaged myocardium has shown some reparative effect; this could be improved by better selection of patients and cell subtype. CDCs isolated from patients with ischemic heart disease are able to support vessel formation in vitro but this ability varies between patients. The primary aim of our study was to investigate whether the vascular supportive function of CDCs impacts on their therapeutic potential, with the goal of improving patient stratification. A subgroup of patients produced CDCs which did not efficiently support vessel formation (poor supporter CDCs), had reduced levels of proliferation and increased senescence, despite them being isolated in the same manner and having a similar immunophenotype to CDCs able to support vessel formation. In a rodent model of myocardial infarction, poor supporter CDCs had a limited reparative effect when compared to CDCs which had efficiently supported vessel formation in vitro. This work suggests that not all patients provide cells which are suitable for cell therapy. Assessing the vascular supportive function of cells could be used to stratify which patients will truly benefit from cell therapy and those who would be better suited to an allogeneic transplant or regenerative preconditioning of their cells in a precision medicine fashion. This could reduce costs, culture times and improve clinical outcomes and patient prognosis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1399-1411.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara P Garcia
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Sweeney
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fizzah A Choudry
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Delia Castellano
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - George N Thomas
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Kattach
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Romina Petersen
- Mixed Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Haematology
| | - Derek J Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David P Taggart
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M Watt
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enca Martin-Rendon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine.,R&D Division, National Health Service (NHS)-Blood and Transplant, Oxford Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Pagano F, Angelini F, Siciliano C, Tasciotti J, Mangino G, De Falco E, Carnevale R, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Chimenti I. Beta2-adrenergic signaling affects the phenotype of human cardiac progenitor cells through EMT modulation. Pharmacol Res 2017; 127:41-48. [PMID: 28099883 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) offer great promises to cardiac cell therapy for heart failure. Many in vivo studies have shown their therapeutic benefits, paving the way for clinical translation. The 3D model of cardiospheres (CSs) represents a unique niche-like in vitro microenvironment, which includes CPCs and supporting cells. CSs have been shown to form through a process mediated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). β2-Adrenergic signaling significantly affects stem/progenitor cells activation and mobilization in multiple tissues, and crosstalk between β2-adrenergic signaling and EMT processes has been reported. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the biological response of CSs to β2-adrenergic stimuli, focusing on EMT modulation in the 3D culture system of CSs. We treated human CSs and CS-derived cells (CDCs) with the β2-blocker butoxamine (BUT), using either untreated or β2 agonist (clenbuterol) treated CDCs as control. BUT-treated CS-forming cells displayed increased migration capacity and a significant increase in their CS-forming ability, consistently associated with increased expression of EMT-related genes, such as Snai1. Moreover, long-term BUT-treated CDCs contained a lower percentage of CD90+ cells, and this feature has been previously correlated with higher cardiogenic and therapeutic potential of the CDCs population. In addition, long-term BUT-treated CDCs had an increased ratio of collagen-III/collagen-I gene expression levels, and showed decreased release of inflammatory cytokines, overall supporting a less fibrosis-prone phenotype. In conclusion, β2 adrenergic receptor block positively affected the stemness vs commitment balance within CSs through the modulation of type1-EMT (so called "developmental"). These results further highlight type-1 EMT to be a key process affecting the features of resident cardiac progenitor cells, and mediating their response to the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Siciliano
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Julia Tasciotti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
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25
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Dixit P, Donnelly H, Edamatsu M, Galvin I, Bunton R, Katare R. Progenitor cells from atria, ventricle and peripheral blood of the same patients exhibit functional differences associated with cardiac repair. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:412-421. [PMID: 27875722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Deciding the best cell type for cardiac regeneration remains a big challenge. No studies have directly compared the functional efficacy of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) with extra-cardiac stem cells isolated from the same patient. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the functional characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), right atrial (RAA) CPCs and left ventricular (LV) CPCs isolated from the same patients (n=14). Within the same heart, RAA and LV CPCs exhibited marked differences in surface marker expression, with RAA CPCs exhibiting better expansion potential and migration properties. When subjected to hypoxia and serum starvation to simulate in vivo ischemic environment, RAA and LV CPCs exhibited similar pattern of resistance to apoptotic cell death under ischemia. Interestingly, EPCs exhibited highest resistance to apoptotic cell death, however, they also showed the lowest proliferation under hypoxia. RT-profiler array showed comparable gene expression pattern in RAA and LV CPCs, while they were differentially expressed in EPCs. Further, treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells with conditioned medium (CM) from LV showed maximum angiogenic potential, while cardiomyocytes treated with CM from RAA showed greatest survival under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study provide the first evidence that progenitor cells from different regions exhibit functional differences within the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Dixit
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hayden Donnelly
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Midori Edamatsu
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ivor Galvin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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26
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RajendranNair DS, Karunakaran J, Nair RR. Differential response of human cardiac stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 425:139-153. [PMID: 27844250 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are popularly used in stem cell therapy for myocardial regeneration. The cell type that survives and maintains stem cell characteristics in the adverse microenvironment following ischemia-reperfusion injury is presumed to be ideal for transplantation. The study was therefore aimed at identifying the cell type with relatively greater resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. CDCs were isolated from the right atrial appendage and MSCs from bone marrow of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ischemia-reperfusion injury was simulated in vitro by subjecting the cells to hypoxia (0.5% O2) followed by reintroduction of oxygen (HR injury). Greater resistance of CDCs to HR injury was apparent from the decreased expression of senescence markers and lower proportion of apoptotic cells (one-sixth of that in MSCs). HR injury retarded cell cycle progression in MSCs. Consequent to HR injury, cell migration and secretion of stromal-derived growth factor were stimulated, significantly in CDCs. The differentiation to myocyte lineage and angiogenesis assessed by tube formation ability was better for CDCs. Release of vascular endothelial growth factor was relatively more in CDCs and was further stimulated by HR injury. Differentiation to osteogenic and angiogenic lineage was stimulated by HR injury in MSCs. Compared to MSCs, CDCs appear to be the cell of choice for promoting myocardial regeneration by virtue of its survival capacity in the event of ischemic insult along with higher proliferation rate, migration efficiency, release of growth factors with paracrine effects and differentiation to cardiac lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Sreerengam RajendranNair
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Jayakumar Karunakaran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Renuka R Nair
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India.
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27
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Β-blockers treatment of cardiac surgery patients enhances isolation and improves phenotype of cardiosphere-derived cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36774. [PMID: 27841293 PMCID: PMC5107949 DOI: 10.1038/srep36774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Β-blockers (BB) are a primary treatment for chronic heart disease (CHD), resulting in prognostic and symptomatic benefits. Cardiac cell therapy represents a promising regenerative treatment and, for autologous cell therapy, the patients clinical history may correlate with the biology of resident progenitors and the quality of the final cell product. This study aimed at uncovering correlations between clinical records of biopsy-donor CHD patients undergoing cardiac surgery and the corresponding yield and phenotype of cardiospheres (CSs) and CS-derived cells (CDCs), which are a clinically relevant population for cell therapy, containing progenitors. We describe a statistically significant association between BB therapy and improved CSs yield and CDCs phenotype. We show that BB-CDCs have a reduced fibrotic-like CD90 + subpopulation, with reduced expression of collagen-I and increased expression of cardiac genes, compared to CDCs from non-BB donors. Moreover BB-CDCs had a distinctive microRNA expression profile, consistent with reduced fibrotic features (miR-21, miR-29a/b/c downregulation), and enhanced regenerative potential (miR-1, miR-133, miR-101 upregulation) compared to non-BB. In vitro adrenergic pharmacological treatments confirmed cytoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of β1-blocker on CDCs. This study shows anti-fibrotic and pro-commitment effects of BB treatment on endogenous cardiac reparative cells, and suggests adjuvant roles of β-blockers in cell therapy applications.
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28
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Bartulos O, Zhuang ZW, Huang Y, Mikush N, Suh C, Bregasi A, Wang L, Chang W, Krause DS, Young LH, Pober JS, Qyang Y. ISL1 cardiovascular progenitor cells for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. JCI Insight 2016; 1:80920. [PMID: 27525311 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.80920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) expressing the ISL1-LIM-homeodomain transcription factor contribute developmentally to cardiomyocytes in all 4 chambers of the heart. Here, we show that ISL1-CPCs can be applied to myocardial regeneration following injury. We used a rapid 3D methylcellulose approach to form murine and human ISL1-CPC spheroids that engrafted after myocardial infarction in murine hearts, where they differentiated into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, integrating into the myocardium and forming new blood vessels. ISL1-CPC spheroid-treated mice exhibited reduced infarct area and increased blood vessel formation compared with control animals. Moreover, left ventricular (LV) contractile function was significantly better in mice transplanted with ISL1-CPCs 4 weeks after injury than that in control animals. These results provide proof-of-concept of a cardiac repair strategy employing ISL1-CPCs that, based on our previous lineage-tracing studies, are committed to forming heart tissue, in combination with a robust methylcellulose spheroid-based delivery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bartulos
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.,Yale Stem Cell Center
| | - Zhen Wu Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Yan Huang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Nicole Mikush
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Carol Suh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.,Yale Stem Cell Center
| | - Alda Bregasi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Lin Wang
- Yale Stem Cell Center.,Department of Laboratory Medicine
| | - William Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology
| | - Diane S Krause
- Yale Stem Cell Center.,Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Department of Cell Biology.,Pathology
| | - Lawrence H Young
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Pathology.,Immunobiology, and.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.,Yale Stem Cell Center.,Pathology.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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29
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Tilokee EL, Latham N, Jackson R, Mayfield AE, Ye B, Mount S, Lam BK, Suuronen EJ, Ruel M, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Paracrine Engineering of Human Explant-Derived Cardiac Stem Cells to Over-Express Stromal-Cell Derived Factor 1α Enhances Myocardial Repair. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1826-35. [PMID: 27059540 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
First generation cardiac stem cell products provide indirect cardiac repair but variably produce key cardioprotective cytokines, such as stromal-cell derived factor 1α, which opens the prospect of maximizing up-front paracrine-mediated repair. The mesenchymal subpopulation within explant derived human cardiac stem cells underwent lentiviral mediated gene transfer of stromal-cell derived factor 1α. Unlike previous unsuccessful attempts to increase efficacy by boosting the paracrine signature of cardiac stem cells, cytokine profiling revealed that stromal-cell derived factor 1α over-expression prevented lv-mediated "loss of cytokines" through autocrine stimulation of CXCR4+ cardiac stem cells. Stromal-cell derived factor 1α enhanced angiogenesis and stem cell recruitment while priming cardiac stem cells to readily adopt a cardiac identity. As compared to injection with unmodified cardiac stem cells, transplant of stromal-cell derived factor 1α enhanced cells into immunodeficient mice improved myocardial function and angiogenesis while reducing scarring. Increases in myocardial stromal-cell derived factor 1α content paralleled reductions in myocyte apoptosis but did not influence long-term engraftment or the fate of transplanted cells. Transplantation of stromal-cell derived factor 1α transduced cardiac stem cells increased the generation of new myocytes, recruitment of bone marrow cells, new myocyte/vessel formation and the salvage of reversibly damaged myocardium to enhance cardiac repair after experimental infarction. Stem Cells 2016;34:1826-1835.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everad L Tilokee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Nicholas Latham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Robyn Jackson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Audrey E Mayfield
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Bin Ye
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Seth Mount
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Buu-Khanh Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
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30
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Cashman TJ, Josowitz R, Gelb BD, Li RA, Dubois NC, Costa KD. Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy. J Vis Exp 2016:e53447. [PMID: 26967678 DOI: 10.3791/53447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cardiac tissue engineering can fundamentally impact therapeutic discovery through the development of new species-specific screening systems that replicate the biofidelity of three-dimensional native human myocardium, while also enabling a controlled level of biological complexity, and allowing non-destructive longitudinal monitoring of tissue contractile function. Initially, human engineered cardiac tissues (hECT) were created using the entire cell population obtained from directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, which typically yielded less than 50% cardiomyocytes. However, to create reliable predictive models of human myocardium, and to elucidate mechanisms of heterocellular interaction, it is essential to accurately control the biological composition in engineered tissues. To address this limitation, we utilize live cell sorting for the cardiac surface marker SIRPα and the fibroblast marker CD90 to create tissues containing a 3:1 ratio of these cell types, respectively, that are then mixed together and added to a collagen-based matrix solution. Resulting hECTs are, thus, completely defined in both their cellular and extracellular matrix composition. Here we describe the construction of defined hECTs as a model system to understand mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in cell therapies, using an example of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) that are currently being used in human clinical trials. The defined tissue composition is imperative to understand how the hMSCs may be interacting with the endogenous cardiac cell types to enhance tissue function. A bioreactor system is also described that simultaneously cultures six hECTs in parallel, permitting more efficient use of the cells after sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Cashman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Rebecca Josowitz
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Ronald A Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong
| | - Nicole C Dubois
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai;
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Kanazawa H, Tseliou E, Dawkins JF, De Couto G, Gallet R, Malliaras K, Yee K, Kreke M, Valle I, Smith RR, Middleton RC, Ho CS, Dharmakumar R, Li D, Makkar RR, Fukuda K, Marbán L, Marbán E. Durable Benefits of Cellular Postconditioning: Long-Term Effects of Allogeneic Cardiosphere-Derived Cells Infused After Reperfusion in Pigs with Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002796. [PMID: 26857066 PMCID: PMC4802479 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infusion of allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (allo-CDCs) postreperfusion elicits cardioprotective cellular postconditioning in pigs with acute myocardial infarction. However, the long-term effects of allo-CDCs have not been assessed. We performed a placebo-controlled pivotal study for long-term evaluation, as well as shorter-term mechanistic studies. METHODS AND RESULTS Minipigs underwent 1.5-hour mid-left anterior descending balloon occlusion followed by reperfusion and were randomized to receive intracoronary allo-CDCs or vehicle 30 minutes postreperfusion. Left ventriculography (LVG) demonstrated preserved ejection fraction (EF) and attenuation of LV remodeling in CDC-treated pigs. Pigs underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and LVG 1 hour and 8 weeks after therapy to evaluate efficacy. MRI showed improvement of EF and attenuation of LV remodeling immediately after allo-CDC infusion. In addition, allo-CDCs improved regional function and decreased hypertrophy 2 months post-treatment. Histological analysis revealed increased myocardial salvage index, enhanced vascularity, sustained reductions in infarct size/area at risk and scar transmurality, and attenuation of collagen deposition in the infarct zone of allo-CDC-treated pigs at 2 months. Allo-CDCs did not evoke lymphohistiocytic infiltration or systemic humoral memory response. Short-term experiments designed to probe mechanism revealed antiapoptotic effects of allo-CDCs on cardiomyocytes and increases in cytoprotective macrophages, but no increase in overall inflammatory cell infiltration 2 hours after cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS Allo-CDC infusion postreperfusion is safe, improves cardiac function, and attenuates scar size and remodeling. The favorable effects persist for at least 2 months after therapy. Thus, cellular postconditioning confers not only acute cardioprotection, but also lasting structural and functional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kanazawa
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel R Smith
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA Capricor Inc., Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Debiao Li
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Linda Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA Capricor Inc., Los Angeles, CA
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32
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Cashman TJ, Josowitz R, Johnson BV, Gelb BD, Costa KD. Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues Created Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveal Functional Characteristics of BRAF-Mediated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146697. [PMID: 26784941 PMCID: PMC4718533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death that often goes undetected in the general population. HCM is also prevalent in patients with cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS), which is a genetic disorder characterized by aberrant signaling in the RAS/MAPK signaling cascade. Understanding the mechanisms of HCM development in such RASopathies may lead to novel therapeutic strategies, but relevant experimental models of the human condition are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop the first 3D human engineered cardiac tissue (hECT) model of HCM. The hECTs were created using human cardiomyocytes obtained by directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with CFCS due to an activating BRAF mutation. The mutant myocytes were directly conjugated at a 3:1 ratio with a stromal cell population to create a tissue of defined composition. Compared to healthy patient control hECTs, BRAF-hECTs displayed a hypertrophic phenotype by culture day 6, with significantly increased tissue size, twitch force, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression. Twitch characteristics reflected increased contraction and relaxation rates and shorter twitch duration in BRAF-hECTs, which also had a significantly higher maximum capture rate and lower excitation threshold during electrical pacing, consistent with a more arrhythmogenic substrate. By culture day 11, twitch force was no longer different between BRAF and wild-type hECTs, revealing a temporal aspect of disease modeling with tissue engineering. Principal component analysis identified diastolic force as a key factor that changed from day 6 to day 11, supported by a higher passive stiffness in day 11 BRAF-hECTs. In summary, human engineered cardiac tissues created from BRAF mutant cells recapitulated, for the first time, key aspects of the HCM phenotype, offering a new in vitro model for studying intrinsic mechanisms and screening new therapeutic approaches for this lethal form of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Cashman
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Josowitz
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Bryce V. Johnson
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Costa
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hosoyama T, Samura M, Kudo T, Nishimoto A, Ueno K, Murata T, Ohama T, Sato K, Mikamo A, Yoshimura K, Li TS, Hamano K. Cardiosphere-derived cell sheet primed with hypoxia improves left ventricular function of chronically infarcted heart. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2738-2751. [PMID: 26885271 PMCID: PMC4731671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) isolated from postnatal heart tissue are a convenient and efficientresource for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, poor retention of CDCs in infarcted hearts often causes less than ideal therapeutic outcomes. Cell sheet technology has been developed as a means of permitting longer retention of graft cells, and this therapeutic strategy has opened new avenues of cell-based therapy for severe ischemic diseases. However, there is still scope for improvement before this treatment can be routinely applied in clinical settings. In this study, we investigated whether hypoxic preconditioning enhances the therapeutic efficacy of CDC monolayer sheets. To induce hypoxia priming, CDC monolayer sheets were placed in an incubator adjusted to 2% oxygen for 24 hours, and then preconditioned mouse CDC sheets were implanted into the infarcted heart of old myocardial infarction mouse models. Hypoxic preconditioning of CDC sheets remarkably increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor through the PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Implantation of preconditioned CDC sheets improved left ventricular function inchronically infarcted hearts and reduced fibrosis. The therapeutic efficacy of preconditioned CDC sheets was higher than the CDC sheets that were cultured under normaxia condition. These results suggest that hypoxic preconditioning augments the therapeutic angiogenic and anti-fibrotic activity of CDC sheets. A combination of cell sheets and hypoxic preconditioning offers an attractive therapeutic protocol for CDC transplantation into chronically infarcted hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
| | - Makoto Samura
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kudo
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
| | - Arata Nishimoto
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
| | - Koji Ueno
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murata
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi UniversityYamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi UniversityYamaguchi, Japan
| | - Akihito Mikamo
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshimura
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural UniversityYamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbe, Japan
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34
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Epigenomic Reprogramming of Adult Cardiomyocyte-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17686. [PMID: 26657817 PMCID: PMC4677315 DOI: 10.1038/srep17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been believed that mammalian adult cardiomyocytes (ACMs) are terminally-differentiated and are unable to proliferate. Recently, using a bi-transgenic ACM fate mapping mouse model and an in vitro culture system, we demonstrated that adult mouse cardiomyocytes were able to dedifferentiate into cardiac progenitor-like cells (CPCs). However, little is known about the molecular basis of their intrinsic cellular plasticity. Here we integrate single-cell transcriptome and whole-genome DNA methylation analyses to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and cell cycle reentry of mouse ACMs. Compared to parental cardiomyocytes, dedifferentiated mouse cardiomyocyte-derived CPCs (mCPCs) display epigenomic reprogramming with many differentially-methylated regions, both hypermethylated and hypomethylated, across the entire genome. Correlated well with the methylome, our transcriptomic data showed that the genes encoding cardiac structure and function proteins are remarkably down-regulated in mCPCs, while those for cell cycle, proliferation, and stemness are significantly up-regulated. In addition, implantation of mCPCs into infarcted mouse myocardium improves cardiac function with augmented left ventricular ejection fraction. Our study demonstrates that the cellular plasticity of mammalian cardiomyocytes is the result of a well-orchestrated epigenomic reprogramming and a subsequent global transcriptomic alteration.
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Abstract
After decades of believing the heart loses the ability to regenerate soon after birth, numerous studies are now reporting that the adult heart may indeed be capable of regeneration, although the magnitude of new cardiac myocyte formation varies greatly. While this debate has energized the field of cardiac regeneration and led to a dramatic increase in our understanding of cardiac growth and repair, it has left much confusion in the field as to the prospects of regenerating the heart. Studies applying modern techniques of genetic lineage tracing and carbon-14 dating have begun to establish limits on the amount of endogenous regeneration after cardiac injury, but the underlying cellular mechanisms of this regeneration remained unclear. These same studies have also revealed an astonishing capacity for cardiac repair early in life that is largely lost with adult differentiation and maturation. Regardless, this renewed focus on cardiac regeneration as a therapeutic goal holds great promise as a novel strategy to address the leading cause of death in the developed world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research and Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John Mignone
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research and Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - W Robb MacLellan
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Research and Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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36
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Lo CY, Weil BR, Palka BA, Momeni A, Canty JM, Neelamegham S. Cell surface glycoengineering improves selectin-mediated adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs): Pilot validation in porcine ischemia-reperfusion model. Biomaterials 2015; 74:19-30. [PMID: 26433489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Promising results are emerging in clinical trials focused on stem cell therapy for cardiology applications. However, the low homing and engraftment of the injected cells to target tissue continues to be a problem. Cellular glycoengineering can address this limitation by enabling the targeting of stem cells to sites of vascular injury/inflammation. Two such glycoengineering methods are presented here: i. The non-covalent incorporation of a P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) mimetic 19Fc[FUT7(+)] via lipid-protein G fusion intermediates that intercalate onto the cell surface, and ii. Over-expression of the α(1,3)fucosyltransferse FUT7 in cells. Results demonstrate the efficient coupling of 19Fc[FUT7(+)] onto both cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with coupling being more efficient when using protein G fused to single-tailed palmitic acid rather than double-tailed DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine). This non-covalent cellular modification was mild since cell proliferation and stem-cell marker expression was unaltered. Whereas coupling using 19Fc[FUT7(+)] enhanced cell capture on recombinant P-selectin or CHO-P cell surfaces, α(1,3)fucosylation was necessary for robust binding to E-selectin and inflamed endothelial cells under shear. Pilot studies confirm the safety and homing efficacy of the modified stem cells to sites of ischemia-reperfusion in the porcine heart. Overall, glycoengineering with physiological selectin-ligands may enhance stem cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Y Lo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, The State University of New York, 252 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The State University of New York, Clinical Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Brian R Weil
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The State University of New York, Clinical Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Beth A Palka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The State University of New York, Clinical Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Arezoo Momeni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - John M Canty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The State University of New York, Clinical Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; VA Western New York Health Care System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; The NY State Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, The State University of New York, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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37
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Jackson R, Tilokee EL, Latham N, Mount S, Rafatian G, Strydhorst J, Ye B, Boodhwani M, Chan V, Ruel M, Ruddy TD, Suuronen EJ, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Paracrine Engineering of Human Cardiac Stem Cells With Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Enhances Myocardial Repair. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002104. [PMID: 26363004 PMCID: PMC4599498 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activates prosurvival pathways and improves postischemic cardiac function, but this key cytokine is not robustly expressed by cultured human cardiac stem cells. We explored the influence of an enhanced IGF-1 paracrine signature on explant-derived cardiac stem cell-mediated cardiac repair. METHODS AND RESULTS Receptor profiling demonstrated that IGF-1 receptor expression was increased in the infarct border zones of experimentally infarcted mice by 1 week after myocardial infarction. Human explant-derived cells underwent somatic gene transfer to overexpress human IGF-1 or the green fluorescent protein reporter alone. After culture in hypoxic reduced-serum media, overexpression of IGF-1 enhanced proliferation and expression of prosurvival transcripts and prosurvival proteins and decreased expression of apoptotic markers in both explant-derived cells and cocultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Transplant of explant-derived cells genetically engineered to overexpress IGF-1 into immunodeficient mice 1 week after infarction boosted IGF-1 content within infarcted tissue and long-term engraftment of transplanted cells while reducing apoptosis and long-term myocardial scarring. CONCLUSIONS Paracrine engineering of explant-derived cells to overexpress IGF-1 provided a targeted means of improving cardiac stem cell-mediated repair by enhancing the long-term survival of transplanted cells and surrounding myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seth Mount
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Bin Ye
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Chan
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
- Correspondence to: Darryl R. Davis, MD, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y4W7. E-mail:
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38
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Chen CH, Sereti KI, Wu BM, Ardehali R. Translational aspects of cardiac cell therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1757-72. [PMID: 26119413 PMCID: PMC4549027 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has been intensely studied for over a decade as a potential treatment for ischaemic heart disease. While initial trials using skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow cells and peripheral blood stem cells showed promise in improving cardiac function, benefits were found to be short-lived likely related to limited survival and engraftment of the delivered cells. The discovery of putative cardiac ‘progenitor’ cells as well as the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells has led to the delivery of cells potentially capable of electromechanical integration into existing tissue. An alternative strategy involving either direct reprogramming of endogenous cardiac fibroblasts or stimulation of resident cardiomyocytes to regenerate new myocytes can potentially overcome the limitations of exogenous cell delivery. Complimentary approaches utilizing combination cell therapy and bioengineering techniques may be necessary to provide the proper milieu for clinically significant regeneration. Clinical trials employing bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells have demonstrated safety of catheter based cell delivery, with suggestion of limited improvement in ventricular function and reduction in infarct size. Ongoing trials are investigating potential benefits to outcome such as morbidity and mortality. These and future trials will clarify the optimal cell types and delivery conditions for therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Konstantina-Ioanna Sereti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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39
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Ogata Y, Mabuchi Y, Yoshida M, Suto EG, Suzuki N, Muneta T, Sekiya I, Akazawa C. Purified Human Synovium Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Good Resource for Cartilage Regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129096. [PMID: 26053045 PMCID: PMC4459808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into a variety of lineages and to renew themselves without malignant changes, and thus hold potential for many clinical applications. However, it has not been well characterized how different the properties of MSCs are depending on the tissue source in which they resided. We previously reported a novel technique for the prospective MSC isolation from bone marrow, and revealed that a combination of cell surface markers (LNGFR and THY-1) allows the isolation of highly enriched MSC populations. In this study, we isolated LNGFR+ THY-1 + MSCs from synovium using flow cytometry. The results show that the synovium tissue contained a significantly larger percentage of LNGFR + THY-1 + MSCs. We examined the colony formation and differentiation abilities of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and synovium-derived MSCs (SYN-MSCs) isolated from the same patients. Both types of MSCs exhibited a marked propensity to differentiate into specific lineages. BM-MSCs were preferentially differentiated into bone, while in the SYN-MSC culture, enhanced adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation was observed. These data suggest that the tissue from which MSCs are isolated should be tailored according to their intended clinical therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Grace Suto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sport Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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40
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Hensley MT, de Andrade J, Keene B, Meurs K, Tang J, Wang Z, Caranasos TG, Piedrahita J, Li TS, Cheng K. Cardiac regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells from adult dog hearts. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1805-13. [PMID: 25854418 PMCID: PMC4549031 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) for ischaemic heart disease has been demonstrated in mice, rats, pigs and a recently completed clinical trial. The regenerative potential of CDCs from dog hearts has yet to be tested. Here, we show that canine CDCs can be produced from adult dog hearts. These cells display similar phenotypes in comparison to previously studied CDCs derived from rodents and human beings. Canine CDCs can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro. In addition, conditioned media from canine CDCs promote angiogenesis but inhibit cardiomyocyte death. In a doxorubicin-induced mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), intravenous infusion of canine CDCs improves cardiac function and decreases cardiac fibrosis. Histology revealed that injected canine CDCs engraft in the mouse heart and increase capillary density. Out study demonstrates the regenerative potential of canine CDCs in a mouse model of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taylor Hensley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - James de Andrade
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bruce Keene
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Meurs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Researches, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zegen Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Thomas G Caranasos
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jorge Piedrahita
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Researches, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Researches, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Suzuki G, Weil BR, Leiker MM, Ribbeck AE, Young RF, Cimato TR, Canty JM. Global intracoronary infusion of allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells improves ventricular function and stimulates endogenous myocyte regeneration throughout the heart in swine with hibernating myocardium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113009. [PMID: 25402428 PMCID: PMC4234497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) improve ventricular function and reduce fibrotic volume when administered via an infarct-related artery using the “stop-flow” technique. Unfortunately, myocyte loss and dysfunction occur globally in many patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, necessitating an approach to distribute CDCs throughout the entire heart. We therefore determined whether global intracoronary infusion of CDCs under continuous flow improves contractile function and stimulates new myocyte formation. Methods and Results Swine with hibernating myocardium from a chronic LAD occlusion were studied 3-months after instrumentation (n = 25). CDCs isolated from myocardial biopsies were infused into each major coronary artery (∼33×106 icCDCs). Global icCDC infusion was safe and while ∼3% of injected CDCs were retained, they did not affect ventricular function or myocyte proliferation in normal animals. In contrast, four-weeks after icCDCs were administered to animals with hibernating myocardium, %LADWT increased from 23±6 to 51±5% (p<0.01). In diseased hearts, myocyte proliferation (phospho-histone-H3) increased in hibernating and remote regions with a concomitant increase in myocyte nuclear density. These effects were accompanied by reductions in myocyte diameter consistent with new myocyte formation. Only rare myocytes arose from sex-mismatched donor CDCs. Conclusions Global icCDC infusion under continuous flow is feasible and improves contractile function, regresses myocyte cellular hypertrophy and increases myocyte proliferation in diseased but not normal hearts. New myocytes arising via differentiation of injected cells are rare, implicating stimulation of endogenous myocyte regeneration as the primary mechanism of repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Weil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Merced M. Leiker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Ribbeck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebeccah F. Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Cimato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - John M. Canty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care System, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chong JJ, Forte E, Harvey RP. Developmental origins and lineage descendants of endogenous adult cardiac progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:592-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Neural-competent cells of adult human dermis belong to the Schwann lineage. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:774-88. [PMID: 25418723 PMCID: PMC4235233 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident neural precursor cells (NPCs) have been reported for a number of adult tissues. Understanding their physiological function or, alternatively, their activation after tissue damage or in vitro manipulation remains an unsolved issue. Here, we investigated the source of human dermal NPCs in adult tissue. By following an unbiased, comprehensive approach employing cell-surface marker screening, cell separation, transcriptomic characterization, and in vivo fate analyses, we found that p75NTR+ precursors of human foreskin can be ascribed to the Schwann (CD56+) and perivascular (CD56−) cell lineages. Moreover, neural differentiation potential was restricted to the p75NTR+CD56+ Schwann cells and mediated by SOX2 expression levels. Double-positive NPCs were similarly obtained from human cardiospheres, indicating that this phenomenon might be widespread. Human dermis-derived cultures show two types of SOX2+ cells: Schwann and perivascular p75NTR+CD56+ Schwann cells are responsible for neural progeny SOX2 expression levels regulate the neural competence of dermal precursors p75NTR+CD56+ neural precursor cells similarly arise from human cardiospheres
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Cheng K, Ibrahim A, Hensley MT, Shen D, Sun B, Middleton R, Liu W, Smith RR, Marbán E. Relative roles of CD90 and c-kit to the regenerative efficacy of cardiosphere-derived cells in humans and in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e001260. [PMID: 25300435 PMCID: PMC4323830 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The regenerative potential of cardiosphere‐derived cells (CDCs) for ischemic heart disease has been demonstrated in mice, rats, pigs, and a recently completed clinical trial (CADUCEUS). CDCs are CD105+ stromal cells of intrinsic cardiac origin, but the antigenic characteristics of the active fraction remain to be defined. CDCs contain a small minority of c‐kit+ cells, which have been argued to be cardiac progenitors, and a variable fraction of CD90+ cells whose bioactivity is unclear. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the CADUCEUS trial and a prospective mouse study to elucidate the roles of c‐kit+ and CD90+ cells in human CDCs. Here, we show, surprisingly, that c‐kit expression has no relationship to CDCs' therapeutic efficacy in humans, and depletion of c‐kit+ cells does not undermine the structural and functional benefits of CDCs in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). In contrast, CD90 expression negatively correlates with the therapeutic benefit of CDCs in humans (ie, higher CD90 expression associated with lower efficacy). Depletion of CD90+ cells augments the functional potency of CDCs in murine MI. CD90− CDCs secrete lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and can differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion The majority population of CDCs (CD105+/CD90−/c‐kit−) constitutes the active fraction, both in terms of therapeutic efficacy and in the ability to undergo cardiomyogenic differentiation. The c‐kit+ fraction is neither necessary for, nor contributory to, the regenerative efficacy of CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (K.C., A.I., B.S., R.M., W.L., R.R.S., E.M.) Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (K.C., T.H.) Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC (K.C.)
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (K.C., A.I., B.S., R.M., W.L., R.R.S., E.M.)
| | - M Taylor Hensley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (K.C., T.H.)
| | - Deliang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (D.S.)
| | - Baiming Sun
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (K.C., A.I., B.S., R.M., W.L., R.R.S., E.M.)
| | - Ryan Middleton
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (K.C., A.I., B.S., R.M., W.L., R.R.S., E.M.)
| | - Weixin Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (K.C., A.I., B.S., R.M., W.L., R.R.S., E.M.)
| | - Rachel R Smith
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (K.C., A.I., B.S., R.M., W.L., R.R.S., E.M.) Capricor Therapeutics Inc, Beverly Hills, CA (R.R.S.)
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (K.C., A.I., B.S., R.M., W.L., R.R.S., E.M.)
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Rosen MR, Myerburg RJ, Francis DP, Cole GD, Marbán E. Translating stem cell research to cardiac disease therapies: pitfalls and prospects for improvement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:922-37. [PMID: 25169179 PMCID: PMC4209166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, there have been numerous stem cell studies focused on cardiac diseases, ranging from proof-of-concept to phase 2 trials. This series of papers focuses on the legacy of these studies and the outlook for future treatment of cardiac diseases with stem cell therapies. The first section by Drs. Rosen and Myerburg is an independent review that analyzes the basic science and translational strategies supporting the rapid advance of stem cell technology to the clinic, the philosophies behind them, trial designs, and means for going forward that may impact favorably on progress. The second and third sections were collected as responses to the initial section of this review. The commentary by Drs. Francis and Cole discusses the review by Drs. Rosen and Myerburg and details how trial outcomes can be affected by noise, poor trial design (particularly the absence of blinding), and normal human tendencies toward optimism and denial. The final, independent paper by Dr. Marbán takes a different perspective concerning the potential for positive impact of stem cell research applied to heart disease and future prospects for its clinical application. (Compiled by the JACC editors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rosen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Robert J Myerburg
- Division of Cardiology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Darrel P Francis
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Graham D Cole
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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