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Amirbekyan M, Adhikarla V, Cheng JP, Moschonas EH, Bondi CO, Rockne RC, Kline AE, Gutova M. Neuroprotective potential of intranasally delivered L-myc immortalized human neural stem cells in female rats after a controlled cortical impact injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17874. [PMID: 37857701 PMCID: PMC10587115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacious stem cell-based therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) depend on successful delivery, migration, and engraftment of stem cells to induce neuroprotection. L-myc expressing human neural stem cells (LMNSC008) demonstrate an inherent tropism to injury sites after intranasal (IN) administration. We hypothesize that IN delivered LMNSC008 cells migrate to primary and secondary injury sites and modulate biomarkers associated with neuroprotection and tissue regeneration. To test this hypothesis, immunocompetent adult female rats received either controlled cortical impact injury or sham surgery. LMNSC008 cells or a vehicle were administered IN on postoperative days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. The distribution and migration of eGFP-expressing LMNSC008 cells were quantified over 1 mm-thick optically cleared (CLARITY) coronal brain sections from TBI and SHAM controls. NSC migration was observed along white matter tracts projecting toward the hippocampus and regions of TBI. ELISA and Nanostring assays revealed a shift in tissue gene expression in LMNSC008 treated rats relative to controls. LMNSC008 treatment reduced expression of genes and pathways involved in inflammatory response, microglial function, and various cytokines and receptors. Our proof-of-concept studies, although preliminary, support the rationale of using intranasal delivery of LMNSC008 cells for functional studies in preclinical models of TBI and provide support for potential translatability in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Amirbekyan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology and Computational Systems Biology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eleni H Moschonas
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology and Computational Systems Biology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Critical Care Medicine, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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2
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Amirbekyan M, Cheng JP, Adhikarla V, Moschonas EH, Bondi CO, Rockne RC, Kline AE, Gutova M. Neuroprotective potential of intranasally delivered L-myc immortalized human neural stem cells in female rats after a controlled cortical impact injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3242570. [PMID: 37720043 PMCID: PMC10503851 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3242570/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficacious stem cell-based therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) depend on successful delivery, migration, and engraftment of stem cells to induce neuroprotection. L-myc expressing human neural stem cells (LMNSC008) demonstrate an inherent tropism to injury sites after intranasal (IN) administration. We hypothesize that IN delivered LMNSC008 cells migrate to primary and secondary injury sites and modulate biomarkers associated with neuroprotection and tissue regeneration. To test this, immunocompetent adult female rats received a controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) or sham surgery. LMNSC008 cells or a vehicle (VEH) were administered IN on postoperative days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. The distribution and migration of eGFP-expressing LMNSC008 cells were quantified over 1 mm-thick optically cleared (CLARITY) coronal brain sections from TBI and SHAM controls. NSC migration was observed along white matter tracts projecting toward the hippocampus and regions of TBI. ELISA and Nanostring assays revealed a shift in tissue gene expression in LMNSC008 treated rats relative to controls. LMNSC008 treatment reduced expression of genes and pathways involved in inflammatory response, microglial function, and various cytokines and receptors. The data demonstrate a robust proof-of-concept for LMNSC008 therapy for TBI and provides a strong rationale for IN delivery for translation in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh John G. Rangos Research Center - Room 6126
| | | | - Eleni H Moschonas
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh John G. Rangos Research Center - Room 6126
| | - Corina O Bondi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh John G. Rangos Research Center - Room 6126
| | | | - Anthony E Kline
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh John G. Rangos Research Center - Room 6126
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de Bardet JC, Cardentey CR, González BL, Patrone D, Mulet IL, Siniscalco D, Robinson-Agramonte MDLA. Cell Immortalization: In Vivo Molecular Bases and In Vitro Techniques for Obtention. BIOTECH 2023; 12:14. [PMID: 36810441 PMCID: PMC9944833 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic human cells can divide a finite number of times, a phenomenon known as the Hayflick limit. It is based on the progressive erosion of the telomeric ends each time the cell completes a replicative cycle. Given this problem, researchers need cell lines that do not enter the senescence phase after a certain number of divisions. In this way, more lasting studies can be carried out over time and avoid the tedious work involved in performing cell passes to fresh media. However, some cells have a high replicative potential, such as embryonic stem cells and cancer cells. To accomplish this, these cells express the enzyme telomerase or activate the mechanisms of alternative telomere elongation, which favors the maintenance of the length of their stable telomeres. Researchers have been able to develop cell immortalization technology by studying the cellular and molecular bases of both mechanisms and the genes involved in the control of the cell cycle. Through it, cells with infinite replicative capacity are obtained. To obtain them, viral oncogenes/oncoproteins, myc genes, ectopic expression of telomerase, and the manipulation of genes that regulate the cell cycle, such as p53 and Rb, have been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Curi de Bardet
- Department of Neurobiology, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | | | - Belkis López González
- Department of Allergy, Calixto Garcia General University Hospital, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Deanira Patrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Histology, University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Histology, University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Xu M, Chen G, Dong Y, Xiang S, Xue M, Liu Y, Song H, Song H, Wang Y. Stable expression of a truncated TLX variant drives differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into self-renewing neural stem cells for production of extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:436. [PMID: 36056423 PMCID: PMC9438273 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural stem cells (NSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess great potential in treating severe neurological and cerebrovascular diseases, as they carry the modulatory and regenerative ingredients of NSCs. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived NSCs culture represents a sustainable source of therapeutic EVs. However, there exist two major challenges in obtaining a scalable culture of NSCs for high-efficiency EVs production: (1) the heterogeneity of iPSC-derived NSCs culture impairs the production of high-quality EVs and (2) the intrinsic propensity of neuronal or astroglial differentiation of NSCs during prolonged culturing reduces the number of NSCs for preparing EVs. A NSCs strain that is amenable to stable self-renewal and proliferation is thus greatly needed for scalable and long-term culture. Methods Various constructs of the genes encoding the orphan nuclear receptor NR2E1 (TLX) were stably transfected in iPSCs, which were subsequently cultured in a variety of differentiation media for generation of iNSCsTLX. Transcriptomic and biomarker profile of iNSCsTLX were investigated. In particular, the positivity ratios of Sox2/Nestin and Musashi/Vimentin were used to gauge the homogeneity of the iNSCsTLX culture. The iNSCs expressing a truncated version of TLX (TLX-TP) was expanded for up to 45 passages, after which its neuronal differentiation potential and EV activity were evaluated. Results Stable expression of TLX-TP could confer the iPSCs with rapid and self-driven differentiation into NSCs through stable passaging up to 225 days. The long-term culture of NSCs maintained the highly homogenous expression of NSC-specific biomarkers and potential of neuronal differentiation. EVs harvested from the TLX-expressing NSCs cultures exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Conclusions iPSC-derived NSCs stably expressing TLX-TP is a promising cell line for scalable production of EVs, which should be further exploited for therapeutic development in neurological treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03131-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shensi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yongxue Liu
- Anti-Radiation Medical Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haijing Song
- Emergency Medicine, PLA Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Gomez J, Holmes N, Hansen A, Adhikarla V, Gutova M, Rockne RC, Cho H. Mathematical modeling of therapeutic neural stem cell migration in mouse brain with and without brain tumors. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:2592-2615. [PMID: 35240798 PMCID: PMC8958926 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a potential solution to treating brain tumors. This is because NSCs can circumvent the blood-brain barrier and migrate to areas of damage in the central nervous system, including tumors, stroke, and wound injuries. However, for successful clinical application of NSC treatment, a sufficient number of viable cells must reach the diseased or damaged area(s) in the brain, and evidence suggests that it may be affected by the paths the NSCs take through the brain, as well as the locations of tumors. To study the NSC migration in brain, we develop a mathematical model of therapeutic NSC migration towards brain tumor, that provides a low cost platform to investigate NSC treatment efficacy. Our model is an extension of the model developed in Rockne et al. (PLoS ONE 13, e0199967, 2018) that considers NSC migration in non-tumor bearing naive mouse brain. Here we modify the model in Rockne et al. in three ways: (i) we consider three-dimensional mouse brain geometry, (ii) we add chemotaxis to model the tumor-tropic nature of NSCs into tumor sites, and (iii) we model stochasticity of migration speed and chemosensitivity. The proposed model is used to study migration patterns of NSCs to sites of tumors for different injection strategies, in particular, intranasal and intracerebral delivery. We observe that intracerebral injection results in more NSCs arriving at the tumor site(s), but the relative fraction of NSCs depends on the location of injection relative to the target site(s). On the other hand, intranasal injection results in fewer NSCs at the tumor site, but yields a more even distribution of NSCs within and around the target tumor site(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gomez
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nathanael Holmes
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Austin Hansen
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Heyrim Cho
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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6
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Combination of tucatinib and neural stem cells secreting anti-HER2 antibody prolongs survival of mice with metastatic brain cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2112491119. [PMID: 34969858 PMCID: PMC8740706 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112491119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are among the most severe complications of systemic breast cancer, and overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer cells increases the incidence of brain metastases in patients. In this study, we engineered the human-derived, tumor cell tropic neural stem cells LM-NSC008 (LM008) to continuously secrete antibodies against HER2. These anti-HER2 antibodies impaired tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in HER2+ breast cancer cells in vitro. Importantly, our results demonstrate that the therapeutic combinatorial regimen consisting of LM-NSC008 anti-HER2 antibody-secreting cells and the HER2 kinase inhibitor tucatinib provide therapeutic benefit and prolong survival in preclinical models of HER2+ breast cancer brain metastases. Brain metastases are a leading cause of death in patients with breast cancer. The lack of clinical trials and the presence of the blood–brain barrier limit therapeutic options. Furthermore, overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) increases the incidence of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM). HER2-targeting agents, such as the monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab, improved outcomes in patients with breast cancer and extracranial metastases. However, continued BCBM progression in breast cancer patients highlighted the need for novel and effective targeted therapies against intracranial metastases. In this study, we engineered the highly migratory and brain tumor tropic human neural stem cells (NSCs) LM008 to continuously secrete high amounts of functional, stable, full-length antibodies against HER2 (anti-HER2Ab) without compromising the stemness of LM008 cells. The secreted anti-HER2Ab impaired tumor cell proliferation in vitro in HER2+ BCBM cells by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and resulted in a significant benefit when injected in intracranial xenograft models. In addition, dual HER2 blockade using anti-HER2Ab LM008 NSCs and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor tucatinib significantly improved the survival of mice in a clinically relevant model of multiple HER2+ BCBM. These findings provide compelling evidence for the use of HER2Ab-secreting LM008 NSCs in combination with tucatinib as a promising therapeutic regimen for patients with HER2+ BCBM.
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7
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Neural stem cells secreting bispecific T cell engager to induce selective antiglioma activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015800118. [PMID: 33627401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults. No treatment provides durable relief for the vast majority of GBM patients. In this study, we've tested a bispecific antibody comprised of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) against T cell CD3ε and GBM cell interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). We demonstrate that this bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) (BiTELLON) engages peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes harvested from patients' tumors and, in so doing, exerts anti-GBM activity ex vivo. The interaction of BiTELLON with T cells and IL13Rα2-expressing GBM cells stimulates T cell proliferation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines interferon γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). We have modified neural stem cells (NSCs) to produce and secrete the BiTELLON (NSCLLON). When injected intracranially in mice with a brain tumor, NSCLLON show tropism for tumor, secrete BiTELLON, and remain viable for over 7 d. When injected directly into the tumor, NSCLLON provide a significant survival benefit to mice bearing various IL13Rα2+ GBMs. Our results support further investigation and development of this therapeutic for clinical translation.
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Wang D, Starr R, Chang WC, Aguilar B, Alizadeh D, Wright SL, Yang X, Brito A, Sarkissian A, Ostberg JR, Li L, Shi Y, Gutova M, Aboody K, Badie B, Forman SJ, Barish ME, Brown CE. Chlorotoxin-directed CAR T cells for specific and effective targeting of glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/533/eaaw2672. [PMID: 32132216 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated signs of antitumor activity against glioblastoma (GBM), tumor heterogeneity remains a critical challenge. To achieve broader and more effective GBM targeting, we developed a peptide-bearing CAR exploiting the GBM-binding potential of chlorotoxin (CLTX). We find that CLTX peptide binds a great proportion of tumors and constituent tumor cells. CAR T cells using CLTX as the targeting domain (CLTX-CAR T cells) mediate potent anti-GBM activity and efficiently target tumors lacking expression of other GBM-associated antigens. Treatment with CLTX-CAR T cells resulted in tumor regression in orthotopic xenograft GBM tumor models. CLTX-CAR T cells do not exhibit observable off-target effector activity against normal cells or after adoptive transfer into mice. Effective targeting by CLTX-CAR T cells requires cell surface expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Our results pioneer a peptide toxin in CAR design, expanding the repertoire of tumor-selective CAR T cells with the potential to reduce antigen escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Wang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Renate Starr
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wen-Chung Chang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Brenda Aguilar
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Darya Alizadeh
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sarah L Wright
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Alfonso Brito
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Aniee Sarkissian
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Julie R Ostberg
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Li Li
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karen Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Michael E Barish
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. .,Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Gutova M, Cheng JP, Adhikarla V, Tsaturyan L, Barish ME, Rockne RC, Moschonas EH, Bondi CO, Kline AE. Intranasally Administered L-Myc-Immortalized Human Neural Stem Cells Migrate to Primary and Distal Sites of Damage after Cortical Impact and Enhance Spatial Learning. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5549381. [PMID: 34122556 PMCID: PMC8166475 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5549381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the success of stem cell-based therapies is contingent on efficient cell delivery to damaged areas, neural stem cells (NSCs) have promising therapeutic potential because they inherently migrate to sites of central nervous system (CNS) damage. To explore the possibility of NSC-based therapy after traumatic brain injury (TBI), isoflurane-anesthetized adult male rats received a controlled cortical impact (CCI) of moderate severity (2.8 mm deformation at 4 m/s) or sham injury (i.e., no cortical impact). Beginning 1-week post-injury, the rats were immunosuppressed and 1 × 106 human NSCs (LM-NS008.GFP.fLuc) or vehicle (VEH) (2% human serum albumen) were administered intranasally (IN) on post-operative days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. To evaluate the spatial distributions of the LM-NSC008 cells, half of the rats were euthanized on day 25, one day after completion of the cognitive task, and the other half were euthanized on day 46. 1 mm thick brain sections were optically cleared (CLARITY), and volumes were imaged by confocal microscopy. In addition, LM-NSC008 cell migration to the TBI site by immunohistochemistry for human-specific Nestin was observed at day 39. Acquisition of spatial learning was assessed in a well-established Morris water maze task on six successive days beginning on post-injury day 18. IN administration of LM-NSC008 cells after TBI (TBI + NSC) significantly facilitated spatial learning relative to TBI + VEH rats (p < 0.05) and had no effect on sham + NSC rats. Overall, these data indicate that IN-administered LM-NSC008 cells migrate to sites of TBI damage and that their presence correlates with cognitive improvement. Future studies will expand on these preliminary findings by evaluating other LM-NSC008 cell dosing paradigms and evaluating mechanisms by which LM-NSC008 cells contribute to cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Cheng
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lusine Tsaturyan
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Michael E. Barish
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Eleni H. Moschonas
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corina O. Bondi
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony E. Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Wei WJ, Shi B, Guan X, Ma JY, Wang YC, Liu J. Mapping theme trends and knowledge structures for human neural stem cells: a quantitative and co-word biclustering analysis for the 2013-2018 period. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1823-1832. [PMID: 31169201 PMCID: PMC6585554 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells, which are capable of multi-potential differentiation and self-renewal, have recently been shown to have clinical potential for repairing central nervous system tissue damage. However, the theme trends and knowledge structures for human neural stem cells have not yet been studied bibliometrically. In this study, we retrieved 2742 articles from the PubMed database from 2013 to 2018 using "Neural Stem Cells" as the retrieval word. Co-word analysis was conducted to statistically quantify the characteristics and popular themes of human neural stem cell-related studies. Bibliographic data matrices were generated with the Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder. We identified 78 high-frequency Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. A visual matrix was built with the repeated bisection method in gCLUTO software. A social network analysis network was generated with Ucinet 6.0 software and GraphPad Prism 5 software. The analyses demonstrated that in the 6-year period, hot topics were clustered into five categories. As suggested by the constructed strategic diagram, studies related to cytology and physiology were well-developed, whereas those related to neural stem cell applications, tissue engineering, metabolism and cell signaling, and neural stem cell pathology and virology remained immature. Neural stem cell therapy for stroke and Parkinson's disease, the genetics of microRNAs and brain neoplasms, as well as neuroprotective agents, Zika virus, Notch receptor, neural crest and embryonic stem cells were identified as emerging hot spots. These undeveloped themes and popular topics are potential points of focus for new studies on human neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wei
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing-Yun Ma
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ya-Chen Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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11
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Rockne RC, Adhikarla V, Tsaturyan L, Li Z, Masihi MB, Aboody KS, Barish ME, Gutova M. Long-term stability and computational analysis of migration patterns of L-MYC immortalized neural stem cells in the brain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199967. [PMID: 30071048 PMCID: PMC6071994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical studies indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) can limit or reverse central nervous system (CNS) damage through delivery of therapeutic agents for cell regeneration. Clinical translation of cell-based therapies raises concerns about long-term stability, differentiation and fate, and absence of tumorigenicity of these cells, as well as manufacturing time required to produce therapeutic cells in quantities sufficient for clinical use. Allogeneic NSC lines are in growing demand due to challenges inherent in using autologous stem cells, including production costs that limit availability to patients. Methods/Principal findings We demonstrate the long-term stability of L-MYC immortalized human NSCs (LM-NSC008) cells in vivo, including engraftment, migration, and absence of tumorigenicity in mouse brains for up to nine months. We also examined the distributions of engrafted LM-NSC008 cells within brain, and present computational techniques to analyze NSC migration characteristics in relation to intrinsic brain structures. Conclusions/Significance This computational analysis of NSC distributions following implantation provides proof-of-concept for the development of computational models that can be used clinically to predict NSC migration paths in patients. Previously, models of preferential migration of malignant tumor cells along white matter tracts have been used to predict their final distributions. We suggest that quantitative measures of tissue orientation and white matter tracts determined from MR images can be used in a diffusion tensor imaging tractography-like approach to describe the most likely migration routes and final distributions of NSCs administered in a clinical setting. Such a model could be very useful in choosing the optimal anatomical locations for NSC administration to patients to achieve maximum therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell C. Rockne
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Department of Information Sciences, Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Lusine Tsaturyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Meher B. Masihi
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Barish
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Tirughana R, Metz MZ, Li Z, Hall C, Hsu D, Beltzer J, Annala AJ, Oganesyan D, Gutova M, Aboody KS. GMP Production and Scale-Up of Adherent Neural Stem Cells with a Quantum Cell Expansion System. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:48-56. [PMID: 29992178 PMCID: PMC6037686 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold great promise for a myriad of clinical applications. However, as these therapies move from phase I to phase II and III trials, there is a need to improve scale-up of adherent cells for the production of larger good manufacturing practice (GMP) cell banks. As we advanced our neural stem cell (NSC)-mediated gene therapy trials for glioma to include dose escalation and multiple treatment cycles, GMP production using cell factories (CellStacks) generated insufficient neural stem cell (NSC) yields. To increase yield, we developed an expansion method using the hollow fiber quantum cell expansion (QCE) system. Seeding of 5.2 × 107 NSCs in a single unit yielded up to 3 × 109 cells within 10 days. These QCE NSCs showed genetic and functional stability equivalent to those expanded by conventional flask-based methods. We then expanded the NSCs in 7 units simultaneously to generate a pooled GMP-grade NSC clinical lot of more than 1.5 × 1010 cells in only 9 days versus 8 × 109 over 6 weeks in CellStacks. We also adenovirally transduced our NSCs within the QCE. We found the QCE system enabled rapid cell expansion and increased yield while maintaining cell properties and reducing process time, labor, and costs with improved efficiency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathiswari Tirughana
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marianne Z Metz
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christine Hall
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander J Annala
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Oganesyan
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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13
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Oh JH, Jung CR, Lee MO, Kim J, Son MY. Comparative analysis of human embryonic stem cell‑derived neural stem cells as an in vitro human model. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:783-790. [PMID: 29207026 PMCID: PMC5752237 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative cell models of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) have been developed and used for investigations ranging from in vitro experiments to in vivo clinical studies. However, a cell model capable of mimicking the 'normal' state of hNSCs is mandatory in order to extrapolate the results of these studies to humans. In the present study, to select a more suitable hNSC model for developing human‑based experimental platforms, two representative hNSC types were compared, namely human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‑derived hNSCs and ReNcell CX cells, which are well‑characterized immortalized hNSC lines. The hNSCs, differentiated from hESCs via human neuroectodermal sphere (hNES) formation, recapitulated the molecular and cellular phenotypes of hNSCs, including NSC marker expression and terminal neuronal differentiation potential. Comparative analyses of the transcriptome profiles of the hESC‑derived hNESs and ReNcell CX hNSCs showed that the differentiated hNESs were analogous to the ReNcell CX cells, as demonstrated by principal component analysis and hierarchical sample clustering. The hNSC‑specific transcriptome was presented, comprising commonly expressed transcripts between hNESs derived from hESCs and ReNcell CX cells. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the hNSC identity, the hNSC‑specific transcriptome was analyzed using pathway and functional annotation clustering analyses. The results suggested that hESC‑derived hNESs, an expandable and accessible cell source, may be used as a relevant hNSC model in a wide range of neurological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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14
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Mooney R, Abdul Majid A, Batalla J, Annala AJ, Aboody KS. Cell-mediated enzyme prodrug cancer therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:35-51. [PMID: 28916493 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-directed gene therapy is a promising new frontier for the field of targeted cancer therapies. Here we discuss the current pre-clinical and clinical use of cell-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT) directed against solid tumors and avenues for further development. We also discuss some of the challenges encountered upon translating these therapies to clinical trials. Upon sufficient development, cell-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy has the potential to maximize the distribution of therapeutic enzymes within the tumor environment, localizing conversion of prodrug to active drug at the tumor sites thereby decreasing off-target toxicities. New combinatorial possibilities are also promising. For example, when combined with viral gene-delivery vehicles, this may result in new hybrid vehicles that attain heretofore unmatched levels of therapeutic gene expression within the tumor.
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15
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Sinden JD, Hicks C, Stroemer P, Vishnubhatla I, Corteling R. Human Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Ischemic Stroke: Charting Progress from Laboratory to Patients. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:933-947. [PMID: 28446071 PMCID: PMC5510676 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic disability after stroke represents a major unmet neurologic need. ReNeuron's development of a human neural stem cell (hNSC) therapy for chronic disability after stroke is progressing through early clinical studies. A Phase I trial has recently been published, showing no safety concerns and some promising signs of efficacy. A single-arm Phase II multicenter trial in patients with stable upper-limb paresis has recently completed recruitment. The hNSCs administrated are from a manufactured, conditionally immortalized hNSC line (ReNeuron's CTX0E03 or CTX), generated with c-mycERTAM technology. This technology has enabled CTX to be manufactured at large scale under cGMP conditions, ensuring sufficient supply to meets the demands of research, clinical development, and, eventually, the market. CTX has key pro-angiogenic, pro-neurogenic, and immunomodulatory characteristics that are mechanistically important in functional recovery poststroke. This review covers the progress of CTX cell therapy from its laboratory origins to the clinic, concluding with a look into the late stage clinical future.
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