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Wang H, Mi K. Emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cellular plasticity of cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110881. [PMID: 36890838 PMCID: PMC9986440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity is a well-known dynamic feature of tumor cells that endows tumors with heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance and alters their invasion-metastasis progression, stemness, and drug sensitivity, thereby posing a major challenge to cancer therapy. It is becoming increasingly clear that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark of cancer. The dysregulated expression of ER stress sensors and the activation of downstream signaling pathways play a role in the regulation of tumor progression and cellular response to various challenges. Moreover, mounting evidence implicates ER stress in the regulation of cancer cell plasticity, including epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, drug resistance phenotype, cancer stem cell phenotype, and vasculogenic mimicry phenotype plasticity. ER stress influences several malignant characteristics of tumor cells, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem cell maintenance, angiogenic function, and tumor cell sensitivity to targeted therapy. The emerging links between ER stress and cancer cell plasticity that are implicated in tumor progression and chemoresistance are discussed in this review, which may aid in formulating strategies to target ER stress and cancer cell plasticity in anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Breast Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Mi
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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2
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Wang L, Chen J, Zuo Q, Wu C, Yu T, Zheng P, Huang H, Deng J, Fang L, Liu H, Li C, Yu P, Zou Q, Zheng J. Calreticulin enhances gastric cancer metastasis by dimethylating H3K9 in the E-cadherin promoter region mediating by G9a. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:29. [PMID: 35641480 PMCID: PMC9156786 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest study shows that gastric cancer (GC) ranked the fifth most common cancer (5.6%) with over 1 million estimated new cases annually and the fourth most common cause of cancer death (7.7%) globally in 2020. Metastasis is the leading cause of GC treatment failure. Therefore, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms for GC metastatic process is necessary. In the current study, we discovered that calreticulin (CALR) was highly expressed in GC tissues and related to lymph node metastasis and patient’s terrible prognosis. The introduction of CALR dramatically promoted GC cell migration in vitro and in vivo, while the repression of CALR got the opposite effects. Cell migration is a functional consequence of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is related to adhesion of cells. Additionally, we observed that CALR inhibition or overexpression regulated the expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1, Snail, N-cadherin, and ZEB1) and cellular adhesive moleculars (Fibronectin, integrin β1and MMP2). Mechanistically, our data indicated that CALR could mediate DNA methylation of E-cadherin promoter by interacting with G9a, a major euchromatin methyltransferase responsible for methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9(H3K9me2) and recruiting G9a to the E-cadherin promoter. Knockdown of G9a in CALR overexpressing models restored E-cadherin expression and blocked the stimulatory effects of CALR on GC cell migration. Taken together, these findings not only reveal critical roles of CALR medicated GC metastasis but also provide novel treatment strategies for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianfei Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of medicinal chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lichao Fang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenghong Li
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiwu Yu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Junsong Zheng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Defective chromatin architectures in embryonic stem cells derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer impair their differentiation potentials. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1085. [PMID: 34785659 PMCID: PMC8595669 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (ntESCs) hold enormous promise for individual-specific regenerative medicine. However, the chromatin states of ntESCs remain poorly characterized. In this study, we employed ATAC-seq and Hi-C techniques to explore the chromatin accessibility and three-dimensional (3D) genome organization of ntESCs. The results show that the chromatin accessibility and genome structures of somatic cells are re-arranged to ESC-like states overall in ntESCs, including compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromatin loops. However, compared to fertilized ESCs (fESCs), ntESCs show some abnormal openness and structures that have not been reprogrammed completely, which impair the differentiation potential of ntESCs. The histone modification H3K9me3 may be involved in abnormal structures in ntESCs, including incorrect compartment switches and incomplete TAD rebuilding. Moreover, ntESCs and iPSCs show high similarity in 3D genome structures, while a few differences are detected due to different somatic cell origins and reprogramming mechanisms. Through systematic analyses, our study provides a global view of chromatin accessibility and 3D genome organization in ntESCs, which can further facilitate the understanding of the similarities and differences between ntESCs and fESCs.
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Guo F, Hall AR, Tape CJ, Ling S, Pointon A. Intra- and intercellular signaling pathways associated with drug-induced cardiac pathophysiology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:675-687. [PMID: 34092416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac physiology and homeostasis are maintained by the interaction of multiple cell types, via both intra- and intercellular signaling pathways. Perturbations in these signaling pathways induced by oncology therapies can reduce cardiac function, ultimately leading to heart failure. As cancer survival increases, related cardiovascular complications are becoming increasingly prevalent, thus identifying the perturbations and cell signaling drivers of cardiotoxicity is increasingly important. Here, we discuss the homotypic and heterotypic cellular interactions that form the basis of intra- and intercellular cardiac signaling pathways, and how oncological agents disrupt these pathways, leading to heart failure. We also highlight the emerging systems biology techniques that can be applied, enabling a deeper understanding of the intra- and intercellular signaling pathways across multiple cell types associated with cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Cell Communication Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Tape
- Cell Communication Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Zheng Y, Li C, Xin P, Peng Q, Zhang W, Liu S, Zhu X. Calreticulin increases growth and progression of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23822-23835. [PMID: 33221760 PMCID: PMC7762466 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of calreticulin (CALR) in the pathogenesis of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL). CALR expression was significantly higher in the NKTCL tissues than normal control tissues in the GSE80632 dataset. High CALR expression correlated with poorer overall survival of NKTCL patients (P = 0.0248). CALR mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in NKTCL cell lines (NK92, SNK6, and SNT8) than normal NK cells. CALR-silenced SNK6 cells generated significantly smaller xenograft tumors in immunodeficient NCG mice than control SNK6 cells. CALR-knockdown NKTCL cells showed significantly less in vitro proliferation and Transwell migration than the controls. CALR knockdown inhibited G1-to-S phase cell cycle progression by increasing the levels of p27 cell cycle inhibitor and reducing the levels of cyclin E2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). CALR knockdown inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by decreasing the levels of β-catenin and TCF/ZEB1 and upregulating E-cadherin. These data demonstrate that CALR regulates the growth and progression of NKTCL cells by modulating G1-to-S cell cycle progression and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuntuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Pengliang Xin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qunyi Peng
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
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Lu A, Pallero MA, Owusu BY, Borovjagin AV, Lei W, Sanders PW, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Calreticulin is important for the development of renal fibrosis and dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 8:100034. [PMID: 33543033 PMCID: PMC7852315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our lab showed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and calcium regulatory protein, calreticulin (CRT), is important for collagen transcription, secretion, and assembly into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and that ER CRT is critical for TGF-β stimulation of type I collagen transcription through stimulation of ER calcium release and NFAT activation. Diabetes is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. TGF-β is a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. However, the role of calreticulin (Calr) in fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy has not been investigated. In current work, we used both in vitro and in vivo approaches to assess the role of ER CRT in TGF-β and glucose stimulated ECM production by renal tubule cells and in diabetic mice. Knockdown of CALR by siRNA in a human proximal tubular cell line (HK-2) showed reduced induction of soluble collagen when stimulated by TGF-β or high glucose as compared to control cells, as well as a reduction in fibronectin and collagen IV transcript levels. CRT protein is increased in kidneys of mice made diabetic with streptozotocin and subjected to uninephrectomy to accelerate renal tubular injury as compared to controls. We used renal-targeted ultrasound delivery of Cre-recombinase plasmid to knockdown specifically CRT expression in the remaining kidney of uninephrectomized Calr fl/fl mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. This approach reduced CRT expression in the kidney, primarily in the tubular epithelium, by 30-55%, which persisted over the course of the studies. Renal function as measured by the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was improved in the mice with knockdown of CRT as compared to diabetic mice injected with saline or subjected to ultrasound and injected with control GFP plasmid. PAS staining of kidneys and immunohistochemical analyses of collagen types I and IV show reduced glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Renal sections from diabetic mice with CRT knockdown showed reduced nuclear NFAT in renal tubules and treatment of diabetic mice with 11R-VIVIT, an NFAT inhibitor, reduced proteinuria and renal fibrosis. These studies identify ER CRT as an important regulator of TGF-β stimulated ECM production in the diabetic kidney, potentially through regulation of NFAT-dependent ECM transcription.
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Key Words
- 4-PBA, 4-phenylbutyrate
- CRT, calreticulin
- Calreticulin
- Collagen
- Diabetic nephropathy
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Fibrosis
- GRP78, glucose related protein 78
- MB/US, microbubble/ultrasound
- NFAT
- NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T cells
- PAS, Periodic Acid-Schiff
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- UPR, unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Manuel A. Pallero
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Benjamin Y. Owusu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Anton V. Borovjagin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Weiqi Lei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294-0019, USA
| | - Paul W. Sanders
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Zeevaert K, Elsafi Mabrouk MH, Wagner W, Goetzke R. Cell Mechanics in Embryoid Bodies. Cells 2020; 9:E2270. [PMID: 33050550 PMCID: PMC7599659 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) resemble self-organizing aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of early embryogenesis. Within few days, the cells undergo a transition from rather homogeneous epithelial-like pluripotent stem cell colonies into a three-dimensional organization of various cell types with multifaceted cell-cell interactions and lumen formation-a process associated with repetitive epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. In the last few years, culture methods have further evolved to better control EB size, growth, cellular composition, and organization-e.g., by the addition of morphogens or different extracellular matrix molecules. There is a growing perception that the mechanical properties, cell mechanics, and cell signaling during EB development are also influenced by physical cues to better guide lineage specification; substrate elasticity and topography are relevant, as well as shear stress and mechanical strain. Epithelial structures outside and inside EBs support the integrity of the cell aggregates and counteract mechanical stress. Furthermore, hydrogels can be used to better control the organization and lineage-specific differentiation of EBs. In this review, we summarize how EB formation is accompanied by a variety of biomechanical parameters that need to be considered for the directed and reproducible self-organization of early cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Zeevaert
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed H. Elsafi Mabrouk
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Goetzke
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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8
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Pandya UM, Manzanares MA, Tellechea A, Egbuta C, Daubriac J, Jimenez-Jaramillo C, Samra F, Fredston-Hermann A, Saadipour K, Gold LI. Calreticulin exploits TGF-β for extracellular matrix induction engineering a tissue regenerative process. FASEB J 2020; 34:15849-15874. [PMID: 33015849 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Topical application of extracellular calreticulin (eCRT), an ER chaperone protein, in animal models enhances wound healing and induces tissue regeneration evidenced by epidermal appendage neogenesis and lack of scarring. In addition to chemoattraction of cells critical to the wound healing process, eCRT induces abundant neo-dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) formation by 3 days post-wounding. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms involved in eCRT induction of ECM. In vitro, eCRT strongly induces collagen I, fibronectin, elastin, α-smooth muscle actin in human adult dermal (HDFs) and neonatal fibroblasts (HFFs) mainly via TGF-β canonical signaling and Smad2/3 activation; RAP, an inhibitor of LRP1 blocked eCRT ECM induction. Conversely, eCRT induction of α5 and β1 integrins was not mediated by TGF-β signaling nor inhibited by RAP. Whereas eCRT strongly induces ECM and integrin α5 proteins in K41 wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), CRT null MEFs were unresponsive. The data show that eCRT induces the synthesis and release of TGF-β3 first via LRP1 or other receptor signaling and later induces ECM proteins via LRP1 signaling subsequently initiating TGF-β receptor signaling for intracellular CRT (iCRT)-dependent induction of TGF-β1 and ECM proteins. In addition, TGF-β1 induces 2-3-fold higher level of ECM proteins than eCRT. Whereas eCRT and iCRT converge for ECM induction, we propose that eCRT attenuates TGF-β-mediated fibrosis/scarring to achieve tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnati M Pandya
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel A Manzanares
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Tellechea
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chinaza Egbuta
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julien Daubriac
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Couger Jimenez-Jaramillo
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fares Samra
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexa Fredston-Hermann
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khalil Saadipour
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslie I Gold
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Pathology Department, New York University School of Medicine-Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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Alvandi Z, Al-Mansoori LJR, Opas M. Calreticulin regulates Src kinase in osteogenic differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 48:101972. [PMID: 32916637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin, the major Ca2+ buffer of the endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the choice of fate by embryonic stem cells. Using the embryoid body method of organogenesis, we showed impaired osteogenesis in crt-/- cells vis-à-vis calreticulin-containing osteogenic WT cells. In the non-osteogenic crt-/- cells, c-Src- a non-receptor tyrosine kinase- was activated and its inhibition rescued osteogenesis. Most importantly, we demonstrated that calreticulin-containing cells had lower c-Src kinase activity, and this was accomplished via the Ca2+-homeostatic function of calreticulin. Specifically, lowering cytosolic [Ca2+] in calreticulin-containing osteogenic WT cells with BAPTA-AM, activated c-Src and impaired osteogenic differentiation. Conversely, increasing cytosolic [Ca2+] in crt-/- cells with ionomycin deactivated c-Src kinase and restored osteogenesis. The immediate effector of calreticulin, the Ser/Thr phosphatase calcineurin, was less active in crt-/- cells, however, its activity was rescued upon inhibition of c-Src activity by small molecule inhibitors. Finally, we showed that higher activity of calcineurin correlated with increased level of nuclear Runx2, a transcription factor that is the master regulator of osteogenesis. Collectively, our work has identified a novel pathway involving calreticulin regulated Ca2+ signalling via c-Src in osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alvandi
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.
| | - Layla J R Al-Mansoori
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Michal Opas
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
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10
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Ye D, Zhu J, Zhao Q, Ma W, Xiao Y, Xu G, Zhang Z. LMP1 Up-regulates Calreticulin to Induce Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition via TGF-β/Smad3/NRP1 Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:1257-1269. [PMID: 31956372 PMCID: PMC6959064 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is known as an oncogenic protein encoded by the EBV genome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of LMP1-induced cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: The NP69 cell line of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells with high expression of LMP1 was established to observe the effect of high expression of LMP1 on cell growth, proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion. We used proteomics to screen and identify differentially expressed proteins related to LMP1-mediated epithelial cell transformation. Then, we analyzed the expression and significance of differentially expressed calreticulin (CRT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and observed the effect of CRT expression on EMT in CNE2 cells of NPC. Finally, the expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), which is a protein downstream of the EMT-related signaling pathway TGF-β (transforming growth factor β), was detected. Results: LMP1 promoted NP69 cells proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and induced EMT. We identified 22 differentially expressed proteins associated with LMP1-induced EMT. Among them, CRT expression level was significantly increased in NPC compared with adjacent tissues, and was interrelated with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis of NPC. After knockdown of CRT expression, the phenomenon of cell EMT was reduced and the ability of cell migration and invasion was weakened. CRT regulated NRP1 expression by affecting SMAD3 phosphorylation. Conclusion: LMP1 induced cell EMT via TGF-β/Smad3/NRP1 pathway, which promoted migration and invasion of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ye
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Junhui Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Surgery, Innovative Practice Base for Postgraduate Training of Basic Medicine and Clinical Collaboration, University of South China and Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yiyang Xiao
- Clinical Medicine of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gaosheng Xu
- Department of Surgery, Innovative Practice Base for Postgraduate Training of Basic Medicine and Clinical Collaboration, University of South China and Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hunan Hengyang 421001, China
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11
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Zhao Y, Kang X, Gao F, Guzman A, Lau RP, Biniwale R, Wadehra M, Reemtsen B, Garg M, Halnon N, Quintero-Rivera F, Van Arsdell G, Coppola G, Nelson SF, Touma M. Gene-environment regulatory circuits of right ventricular pathology in tetralogy of fallot. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1711-1722. [PMID: 31834445 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHDs) is contributed by both genetic and environmental factors. Their interactions are profoundly heterogeneous but may operate on common pathways as in the case of hypoxia signaling during postnatal heart development in the context of CHDs. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic (hypoxemic) CHD. However, how the hypoxic environment contributes to TOF pathogenesis after birth is poorly understood. We performed Genome-wide transcriptome analysis on right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) specimens from cyanotic and noncyanotic TOF. Co-expression network analysis identified gene modules specifically associated with clinical diagnosis and hypoxemia status in the TOF hearts. In particular, hypoxia-dependent induction of myocyte proliferation is associated with E2F1-mediated cell cycle regulation and repression of the WNT11-RB1 axis. Genes enriched in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, and sarcomere were also repressed in cyanotic TOF patients. Importantly, transcription factor analysis of the hypoxia-regulated modules suggested CREB1 as a putative regulator of hypoxia/WNT11-RB1 circuit. The study provides a high-resolution landscape of transcriptome programming associated with TOF phenotypes and unveiled hypoxia-induced regulatory circuit in cyanotic TOF. Hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation involves negative modulation of CREB1 activity upstream of the WNT11-RB1 axis. KEY MESSAGES: Genetic and environmental factors contribute to congenital heart defects (CHDs). How hypoxia contributes to Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) pathogenesis after birth is unclear. Systems biology-based analysis revealed distinct molecular signature in CHDs. Gene expression modules specifically associated with cyanotic TOF were uncovered. Key regulatory circuits induced by hypoxia in TOF pathogenesis after birth were unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuedong Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandra Guzman
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ryan P Lau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reshma Biniwale
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Reemtsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meena Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nancy Halnon
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Glen Van Arsdell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlin Touma
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Stem Cell Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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HiPS-Cardiac Trilineage Cell Generation and Transplantation: a Novel Therapy for Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 13:110-119. [PMID: 31152358 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and the availability of optimal medications, including dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), most patients still experience major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) due to frequent recurrence of thrombotic complications and myocardial infarction (MI). MI occurs secondary to a massive loss of endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and cardiomyocytes (CMs). The adult cardiovascular system gradually loses the ability to spontaneously and regularly regenerate ECs, VSMCs, and CMs. However, human cells can be induced by cytokines and growth factors to regenerate human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which progress to produce cardiac trilineage cells (CTCs) such as ECs, VSMCs, and CMs, replacing lost cells and inducing myocardial repair. Nevertheless, the processes and pathways involved in hiPSC-CTC generation and their potential therapeutic effects remain unknown. Herein, we provide evidence of in vitro CTC generation, the pathways involved, in vivo transplantation, and its therapeutic effect, which may provide novel targets in regenerative medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
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13
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Cui C, Wang J, Qian D, Huang J, Lin J, Kingshott P, Wang PY, Chen M. Binary Colloidal Crystals Drive Spheroid Formation and Accelerate Maturation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3679-3689. [PMID: 30614683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provides significant advances to cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening applications. However, the current differentiation protocol is inefficient in mimicking biophysical and biochemical characteristics of cardiac niche. Hence, immature cardiomyocytes are often generated. In this study, hiPSC-CMs were generated on a new family of substrates called monolayer binary colloidal crystals (BCCs). Four BCCs were fabricated with different sizes (2 or 5 or 0.4 or 0.2 μm) and materials [Si or polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate)] abbreviated as 2PS, 5PS, 2PM, and 5PM. BCCs have complex surface micro-/nanotopographies and heterogeneous chemistries which are important modulators in microenvironments in vitro. The results showed that hiPSCs formed adhered spheroids with strong pluripotent markers ( Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2) on PM surfaces compared to PS and flat surfaces. After 30-day differentiation, hiPSC-CMs on PM surfaces showed markedly improved myofibril ultrastructures, Ca2+ handling, and electrophysiological properties, indicating that more mature hiPSC-CMs were generated. hiPSC-CMs generated on 5PM are more similar to adult heart tissue compared to other surfaces in terms of genes ( ACTC1, TNNT2, RYR2, SERCA2a, SCN5a, KCNJ2, CACNA1c, ITGB1, GJA1, MYH6, and MYH7) and protein (ssTnI and cTnI) expressions. We further demonstrated that 5PM surfaces facilitated cadherin switching (from E- to N-) during cardiac differentiation and mature N-cadherin expression, which were positively correlated with the cardiogensis markers ( GATA4, MEF2c, and NKX2.5). This study illuminated that a tailored surface nanotopography was beneficial in hiPSC culture and in situ cardiac differentiation. This one-step approach and BCCs can be a next-generation tool for hiPSC expansion and CM differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cui
- Division of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029 , China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Division of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029 , China
- Department of R&D , HELP Stem Cell Therapeutics , Nanjing 210010 , China
| | - Duoduo Qian
- Division of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029 , China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Division of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029 , China
| | - Jiao Lin
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Swinburne University of Technology , Victoria 3122 , Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Swinburne University of Technology , Victoria 3122 , Australia
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Division of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210029 , China
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14
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Ni J, Sun Y, Liu Z. The Potential of Stem Cells and Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018. [PMID: 29525884 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the cardiac protective mechanisms of stem cells have become a research focus. Increasing evidence has suggested that stem cells release vesicles, including exosomes and micro-vesicles. The content of these vesicles relies on an extracellular stimulus, and active ingredients are extensively being studied. Previous studies have confirmed that stem cell-derived exosomes have a cardiac protective function similar to that of stem cells, and promote angiogenesis, decrease apoptosis, and respond to stress. Compared to stem cells, exosomes are more stable without aneuploidy and immune rejection, and may be a promising and effective therapy for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. .,Pan-Vascular Research Institute, Heart, Lung, and Blood Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Owusu BY, Zimmerman KA, Murphy-Ullrich JE. The role of the endoplasmic reticulum protein calreticulin in mediating TGF-β-stimulated extracellular matrix production in fibrotic disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:289-299. [PMID: 29080087 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key factor contributing to fibrotic disease. Although ER stress is a short-term adaptive response, with chronic stimulation, it can activate pathways leading to fibrosis. ER stress can induce TGF-β signaling, a central driver of extracellular matrix production in fibrosis. This review will discuss the role of an ER protein, calreticulin (CRT), which has both chaperone and calcium regulatory functions, in fibrosis. CRT expression is upregulated in multiple different fibrotic diseases. The roles of CRT in regulation of fibronectin extracellular matrix assembly, extracellular matrix transcription, and collagen secretion and processing into the extracellular matrix will be discussed. Evidence for the importance of CRT in ER calcium release and NFAT activation downstream of TGF-β signaling will be presented. Finally, we will summarize evidence from animal models in which CRT expression is genetically reduced or experimentally downregulated in targeted tissues of adult animals and discuss how these models define a key role for CRT in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Owusu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, G001A Volker Hall, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, G001A Volker Hall, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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16
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Calreticulin regulates TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition through modulating Smad signaling and calcium signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 90:103-113. [PMID: 28778674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a Ca2+ binding protein, calreticulin (CRT) has many functions and plays an important role in a variety of tumors. The role of CRT in TGF-β1-induced EMT is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated in vitro that TGF-β1-induced EMT elevated the expression of CRT in A549 lung cancer cells. Subsequently, we confirmed that overexpression CRT had no capacity to induce A549 cells EMT alone, but successfully enhanced TGF-β1-induced-EMT. Furthermore, knockdown of CRT in A549 cells significantly suppressed changes of EMT marks expression induced by TGF-β1. On treatment with TGF-β1, overexpression of CRT could enhance the phosphorylation of both Smad2 and Smad3. Consistently, the knockdown of CRT by siRNA-CRT could inhibit Smad signaling pathway activated by TGF-β1. These results indicated that CRT regulates EMT induced by TGF-β1 through Smad signaling pathway. Finally, TGF-β1-induced-EMT enhanced store-operated Ca2+ influx in A549 cells. CRT knockdown was able to abolish the effect of TGF-β1 on thapsigargin (TG) -induced Ca2+ release, but had failed to reduce store-operated Ca2+ influx. The alteration of intracellular Ca2+ concentration by TG or BAPTA-AM was able to regulate EMT induced by TGF-β1 through Smad signaling pathway. Together, these data identify that CRT regulates TGF-β1-induced-EMT through modulating Smad signaling. Furthermore, TGF-β1-induced-EMT is highly calcium-dependent, CRT was partly involved in it.
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