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Castro-Mendoza PB, Weaver CM, Chang W, Medalla M, Rockland KS, Lowery L, McDonough E, Varghese M, Hof PR, Meyer DE, Luebke JI. Proteomic features of gray matter layers and superficial white matter of the rhesus monkey neocortex: comparison of prefrontal area 46 and occipital area 17. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1495-1525. [PMID: 38943018 PMCID: PMC11374833 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In this novel large-scale multiplexed immunofluorescence study we comprehensively characterized and compared layer-specific proteomic features within regions of interest of the widely divergent dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (A46) and primary visual cortex (A17) of adult rhesus monkeys. Twenty-eight markers were imaged in rounds of sequential staining, and their spatial distribution precisely quantified within gray matter layers and superficial white matter. Cells were classified as neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, or endothelial cells. The distribution of fibers and blood vessels were assessed by quantification of staining intensity across regions of interest. This method revealed multivariate similarities and differences between layers and areas. Protein expression in neurons was the strongest determinant of both laminar and regional differences, whereas protein expression in glia was more important for intra-areal laminar distinctions. Among specific results, we observed a lower glia-to-neuron ratio in A17 than in A46 and the pan-neuronal markers HuD and NeuN were differentially distributed in both brain areas with a lower intensity of NeuN in layers 4 and 5 of A17 compared to A46 and other A17 layers. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes exhibited distinct marker-specific laminar distributions that differed between regions; notably, there was a high proportion of ALDH1L1-expressing astrocytes and of oligodendrocyte markers in layer 4 of A17. The many nuanced differences in protein expression between layers and regions observed here highlight the need for direct assessment of proteins, in addition to RNA expression, and set the stage for future protein-focused studies of these and other brain regions in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola B Castro-Mendoza
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christina M Weaver
- Department of Mathematics, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, 17604, USA
| | - Wayne Chang
- Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kathleen S Rockland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lisa Lowery
- GE HealthCare Technology and Innovation Center, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | | | - Merina Varghese
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Center for Discovery and Innovation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Center for Discovery and Innovation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Dan E Meyer
- GE HealthCare Technology and Innovation Center, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Jennifer I Luebke
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Alver CG, Drabbe E, Ishahak M, Agarwal A. Roadblocks confronting widespread dissemination and deployment of Organs on Chips. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5118. [PMID: 38879554 PMCID: PMC11180125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Organ on Chip platforms hold significant promise as alternatives to animal models or traditional cell cultures, both of which poorly recapitulate human pathophysiology and human level responses. Within the last 15 years, we have witnessed seminal scientific developments from academic laboratories, a flurry of startups and investments, and a genuine interest from pharmaceutical industry as well as regulatory authorities to translate these platforms. This Perspective identifies several fundamental design and process features that may act as roadblocks that prevent widespread dissemination and deployment of these systems, and provides a roadmap to help position this technology in mainstream drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Alver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emma Drabbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Ishahak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Mokady D, Charish J, Barretto-Burns P, Grisé KN, Coles BLK, Raab S, Ortin-Martinez A, Müller A, Fasching B, Jain P, Drukker M, van der Kooy D, Steger M. Small-Molecule-Directed Endogenous Regeneration of Visual Function in a Mammalian Retinal Degeneration Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1521. [PMID: 38338800 PMCID: PMC10855388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative retinal diseases associated with photoreceptor loss are a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, with limited treatment options. Phenotypic profiling coupled with medicinal chemistry were used to develop a small molecule with proliferative effects on retinal stem/progenitor cells, as assessed in vitro in a neurosphere assay and in vivo by measuring Msx1-positive ciliary body cell proliferation. The compound was identified as having kinase inhibitory activity and was subjected to cellular pathway analysis in non-retinal human primary cell systems. When tested in a disease-relevant murine model of adult retinal degeneration (MNU-induced retinal degeneration), we observed that four repeat intravitreal injections of the compound improved the thickness of the outer nuclear layer along with the regeneration of the visual function, as measured with ERG, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity tests. This serves as a proof of concept for the use of a small molecule to promote endogenous regeneration in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Mokady
- Endogena Therapeutics, Inc., 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 0B7, Canada (P.B.-B.)
| | - Jason Charish
- Endogena Therapeutics, Inc., 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 0B7, Canada (P.B.-B.)
| | | | - Kenneth N. Grisé
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre Rm 1110, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Brenda L. K. Coles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre Rm 1110, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Susanne Raab
- Endogena Therapeutics, AG, Binzmuehlestrasse 170 d, CH-8050 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Arturo Ortin-Martinez
- Endogena Therapeutics, Inc., 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 0B7, Canada (P.B.-B.)
| | - Alex Müller
- Endogena Therapeutics, AG, Binzmuehlestrasse 170 d, CH-8050 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Fasching
- Endogena Therapeutics, AG, Binzmuehlestrasse 170 d, CH-8050 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Payal Jain
- Endogena Therapeutics, Inc., 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 0B7, Canada (P.B.-B.)
| | - Micha Drukker
- Endogena Therapeutics, AG, Binzmuehlestrasse 170 d, CH-8050 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre Rm 1110, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Matthias Steger
- Endogena Therapeutics, AG, Binzmuehlestrasse 170 d, CH-8050 Zuerich, Switzerland
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4
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Cao G, Sun C, Shen H, Qu D, Shen C, Lu H. Conditional Deletion of Foxg1 Delayed Myelination during Early Postnatal Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13921. [PMID: 37762220 PMCID: PMC10530892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXG1 (forkhead box G1) syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by variants in the Foxg1 gene that affect brain structure and function. Individuals affected by FOXG1 syndrome frequently exhibit delayed myelination in neuroimaging studies, which may impair the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. To date, the specific effects of FOXG1 on oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination during early postnatal development remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of Foxg1 deficiency on myelin development in the mouse brain by conditional deletion of Foxg1 in neural progenitors using NestinCreER;Foxg1fl/fl mice and tamoxifen induction at postnatal day 0 (P0). We found that Foxg1 deficiency resulted in a transient delay in myelination, evidenced by decreased myelin formation within the first two weeks after birth, but ultimately recovered to the control levels by P30. We also found that Foxg1 deletion prevented the timely attenuation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) signaling and reduced the cell cycle exit of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), leading to their excessive proliferation and delayed maturation. Additionally, Foxg1 deletion increased the expression of Hes5, a myelin formation inhibitor, as well as Olig2 and Sox10, two promoters of OPC differentiation. Our results reveal the important role of Foxg1 in myelin development and provide new clues for further exploring the pathological mechanisms of FOXG1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Congli Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Hualin Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Dewei Qu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
| | - Chuanlu Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Haiqin Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (G.C.); (H.S.); (D.Q.)
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Nguyen TB, Lac Q, Abdi L, Banerjee D, Deng Y, Zhang Y. Harshening stem cell research and precision medicine: The states of human pluripotent cells stem cell repository diversity, and racial and sex differences in transcriptomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1071243. [PMID: 36684445 PMCID: PMC9848738 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1071243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro investigation on human development, disease modeling, and drug discovery has been empowered by human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technologies that form the foundation of precision medicine. Race and sex genetic backgrounds have become a major focus of many diseases modeling and drug response evaluation in the pharmaceutical industry. Here, we gathered data from major stem cell repositories to analyze the diversity with respect to ethnicity, sex, and disease types; and we also analyzed public datasets to unravel transcriptomics differences between samples of different ethnicities and sexes. We found a lack of diversity despite the large sample size of human induced pluripotent stem cells. In the ethnic comparison, the White group made up the majority of the banked hiPSCs. Similarly, for the organ/disease type and sex comparisons, the neural and male hiPSCs accounted for the majority of currently available hiPSCs. Bulk RNA-seq and single-cell transcriptomic analysis coupled with Machine Learning and Network Analysis revealed panels of gene features differently expressed in healthy hiPSCs and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) of different races and sexes. The data highlights the current ethnic and sex inequality in stem cell research and demonstrates the molecular biological diversity of hiPSCs and cardiomyocytes from different races and genders. We postulate that future efforts in stem cell biology, regenerative and precision medicine should be guided towards an inclusive, diverse repository reflecting the prevalence of diseases across racial and ethnic groups and the sexes, important for both common and rare disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thong Ba Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Quan Lac
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Lovina Abdi
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Diabetes Research Center, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Two phases of macrophages: Inducing maturation and death of oligodendrocytes in vitro co-culture. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 382:109723. [PMID: 36207003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasticity of macrophages in the immune response is a dynamic situation dependent on external stimuli. The activation of macrophages both has beneficial and detrimental effects on mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin. The activation towards inflammatory macrophages has a critical role in the immune-mediated oligodendrocytes death in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. NEW METHOD We established an in vitro co-culture method to study the function of macrophages in the survival and maturation of OLs. RESULTS We revealed that M1 macrophages decreased the number of mature OLs and phagocytosed the myelin. Interestingly, non-activated as well as M2 macrophages contributed to an increase in the number of mature OLs in our in vitro co-culture platform. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We added an antibody against an OL surface antigen in our in vitro co-cultures. The antibody presents the OLs to the macrophages enabling the investigation of direct interactions between macrophages and OLs. CONCLUSION Our co-culture system is a feasible method for the investigation of the direct cell-to-cell interactions between OLs and macrophages. We utilized it to show that M2 and non-activated macrophages may be employed to enhance remyelination.
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Oscillatory calcium release and sustained store-operated oscillatory calcium signaling prevents differentiation of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6160. [PMID: 35418597 PMCID: PMC9007940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous remyelination in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis is contingent upon the successful differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Signaling via the Gαq-coupled muscarinic receptor (M1/3R) inhibits human OPC differentiation and impairs endogenous remyelination in experimental models. We hypothesized that calcium release following Gαq-coupled receptor (GqR) activation directly regulates human OPC (hOPC) cell fate. In this study, we show that specific GqR agonists activating muscarinic and metabotropic glutamate receptors induce characteristic oscillatory calcium release in hOPCs and that these agonists similarly block hOPC maturation in vitro. Both agonists induce calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores and store operated calcium entry (SOCE) likely via STIM/ORAI-based channels. siRNA mediated knockdown (KD) of obligate calcium sensors STIM1 and STIM2 decreased the magnitude of muscarinic agonist induced oscillatory calcium release and attenuated SOCE in hOPCs. In addition, STIM2 expression was necessary to maintain the frequency of calcium oscillations and STIM2 KD reduced spontaneous OPC differentiation. Furthermore, STIM2 siRNA prevented the effects of muscarinic agonist treatment on OPC differentiation suggesting that SOCE is necessary for the anti-differentiative action of muscarinic receptor-dependent signaling. Finally, using a gain-of-function approach with an optogenetic STIM lentivirus, we demonstrate that independent activation of SOCE was sufficient to significantly block hOPC differentiation and this occurred in a frequency dependent manner while increasing hOPC proliferation. These findings suggest that intracellular calcium oscillations directly regulate hOPC fate and that modulation of calcium oscillation frequency may overcome inhibitory Gαq-coupled signaling that impairs myelin repair.
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Chen P, Yao M, Fang T, Ye C, Du Y, Jin Y, Wu R. Identification of NFASC and CHL1 as Two Novel Hub Genes in Endometriosis Using Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Verification. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:377-392. [PMID: 35496348 PMCID: PMC9041605 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s354957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis (EMS) is a common and highly recurrent gynecological disease characterized by chronic pain and infertility. There are no definitive therapies for endometriosis since the pathogenesis remains undetermined. This study aimed to identify EMS-related functional modules and hub genes by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods Three endometriosis expression profiling series (GSE25628, GSE23339, and GSE7305) were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The EMS-related module was constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), followed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. Cytohubba and the MCODE plug-ins of Cytoscape were used to screen out the hub genes, which were verified via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the protein expression of the hub genes in ectopic endometrial tissues. Moreover, CIBERSORT was used to analyze the relationship between the abundance of immune cells infiltration and the expression of hub genes. Results Among the 18 modules obtained, the darkmagenta module was identified as the EMS-related module, genes of which were significantly enriched to terms referring to cell migration and neurogenesis. NFASC and CHL1 were screened out and prioritized as hub genes through Cytoscape and confirmed to be differentially upregulated in ectopic endometrial samples. Finally, the expression of hub genes was related to the abundance of immune cells infiltration. The higher expression of NFASC or CHL1 correlated with increased M2 macrophages and decreased natural killer (NK) cells in ectopic lesions. Conclusion This study provided new insights into the molecular factors underlying the pathogenesis of endometriosis and provided a theoretical basis for the potential that the two hub genes, NFASC and CHL1, might be novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoshuang Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjiang Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ruijin Wu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 571-8706223, Email
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Han W, Pan Y, Han Z, Cheng L, Jiang L. Advanced Maternal Age Impairs Myelination in Offspring Rats. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:850213. [PMID: 35311052 PMCID: PMC8927774 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.850213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of advanced maternal age (AMA) on the neurodevelopment of offspring are becoming increasingly important. Myelination is an important aspect of brain development; however, a limited number of studies have focused on the effects of AMA on myelination in offspring. The current study aims to evaluate the association between AMA and myelin sheath development in offspring. We studied the learning and memory function of immature offspring using the novel object recognition test. Then, we investigated the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the immature offspring of young (3-month-old) and old (12-month-old) female rats at different time points (14, 28, and 60 days) after birth with immunofluorescence and western blotting. The myelin sheath ultrastructure was observed with transmission electron microscopy in immature and mature offspring. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were investigated by western blot in immature offspring at the above time points. AMA impaired the memory function of offspring during early postnatal days. The MBP expression level gradually increased with postnatal development in the offspring of both the AMA and Control (Ctl) groups, but the MBP level in the offspring of the AMA group was lower than that of the Ctl group at 14 days after birth. In addition, the ultrastructure of the myelin sheath was defective in AMA offspring during the early postnatal period; however, the myelin sheath was not significantly affected in offspring during adulthood. Interestingly, ERK phosphorylation at 14 days after birth was lower in AMA offspring than in Ctl offspring. However, ERK phosphorylation at 28 days after birth was higher in AMA offspring than in Ctl offspring. The peak of ERK phosphorylation in the AMA group was abnormal and delayed. Our results indicated that AMA is associated with poor developmental myelin formation in offspring. The ERK signaling pathway may play an essential role in the adverse effects of AMA on the offspring myelin sheath development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya'nan Pan
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyao Han
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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10
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Liu L, Fang L, Duan B, Wang Y, Cui Z, Yang L, Wu D. Multi-Hit White Matter Injury-Induced Cerebral Palsy Model Established by Perinatal Lipopolysaccharide Injection. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:867410. [PMID: 35733809 PMCID: PMC9207278 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.867410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent, but not unchanging, disorders of movement and/or posture and motor function. Since the major brain injury associated with CP is white matter injury (WMI), especially, in preterm infants, we established a "multi-hit" rat model to mimic human WMI in symptomatology and at a histological level. In our WMI model, pups suffering from limb paresis, incoordination, and direction difficulties fit the performance of CP. Histologically, they present with fewer neural cells, inordinate fibers, and more inflammatory cell infiltration, compared to the control group. From the electron microscopy results, we spotted neuronal apoptosis, glial activation, and myelination delay. Besides, the abundant appearance of IBA1-labeled microglia also implied that microglia play a role during neuronal cell injury. After activation, microglia shift between the pro-inflammatory M1 type and the anti-inflammatory M2 type. The results showed that LPS/infection stimulated IBA1 + (marked activated microglia) expression, downregulated CD11c + (marked M1 phenotype), and upregulated Arg 1 + (marked M2 phenotype) protein expression. It indicated an M1 to M2 transition after multiple infections. In summary, we established a "multi-hit" WMI-induced CP rat model and demonstrated that the microglial activation correlates tightly with CP formation, which may become a potential target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liwei Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Boyang Duan
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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11
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Overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment surrounding oligodendrocyte progenitor cells following experimental demyelination. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1923. [PMID: 33772011 PMCID: PMC7998003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic demyelination in the human CNS is characterized by an inhibitory microenvironment that impairs recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) leading to failed remyelination and axonal atrophy. By network-based transcriptomics, we identified sulfatase 2 (Sulf2) mRNA in activated human primary OPCs. Sulf2, an extracellular endosulfatase, modulates the signaling microenvironment by editing the pattern of sulfation on heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We found that Sulf2 was increased in demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis and was actively secreted by human OPCs. In experimental demyelination, elevated OPC Sulf1/2 expression directly impaired progenitor recruitment and subsequent generation of oligodendrocytes thereby limiting remyelination. Sulf1/2 potentiates the inhibitory microenvironment by promoting BMP and WNT signaling in OPCs. Importantly, pharmacological sulfatase inhibition using PI-88 accelerated oligodendrocyte recruitment and remyelination by blocking OPC-expressed sulfatases. Our findings define an important inhibitory role of Sulf1/2 and highlight the potential for modulation of the heparanome in the treatment of chronic demyelinating disease. Demyelination results in impairments in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell recruitment. Here the authors identify sulfatase 1/2 as a potential modulator of myelination by modulating the microenvironment around oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.
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12
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Liang H, Bai Y, Wang H, Yang X. Identification of LncRNA Prognostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer by Integration of Co-expression and CeRNA Network. Front Genet 2021; 11:566497. [PMID: 33664764 PMCID: PMC7920993 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC), one of the most prevalent gynecological malignancies, is characterized by late detection and dismal prognosis. Recent studies show that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks influence immune infiltration and cancer prognosis. However, the function of lncRNA in OC immune infiltration and prognosis remains unclear. Methods Transcriptomes of 378 OC samples and clinical data were retrieved from the TCGA repository. Modules related to immune cells were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Functional enrichment analysis and survival analysis were then performed for the identification of immune-related lncRNAs in the brown module using Cox regression model. Finally, a ceRNA network was constructed by using the lncRNAs and mRNAs from the brown module. Results We found lncRNAs and mRNAs in the brown module to be significantly associated with immune cells in OC and identified 4 lncRNAs as potential OC prognostic markers. We further established that lncRNAs in the ceRNA network influence OC immune infiltration and prognosis by regulating miRNA, ultimately modulating mRNA levels. Conclusion We have identified 4 lncRNAs as independent immune prognostic factors for OC. Furthermore, our findings offer novel insight into lncRNAs as OC immune and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuquan Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangjun Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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13
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Pol S, Liang S, Schweser F, Dhanraj R, Schubart A, Preda M, Sveinsson M, Ramasamy DP, Dwyer MG, Weckbecker G, Zivadinov R. Subcutaneous anti-CD20 antibody treatment delays gray matter atrophy in human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced EAE mice. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113488. [PMID: 32991933 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (huMOG-EAE) model, generates B-cell driven demyelination in mice, making it a suitable multiple sclerosis model to study B cell depletion. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of subcutaneous anti-CD20 antibody treatment on huMOG-EAE gray matter (GM) pathology. METHODS C57Bl/6, 8-week old mice were immunized with 200 huMOG1-125 and treated with 50 μg/mouse of anti-CD20 antibody (n = 16) or isotype control (n = 16). Serial brain volumetric 9.4 T MRI scans was performed at baseline, 1 and 5 wkPI. Disease severity was measured by clinical disability score (CDS) and performance on rotarod test. RESULTS Anti-CD20 antibody significantly reduced brain volume loss compared with the isotype control across all timepoints longitudinally in the basal ganglia (p = 0.01), isocortex (p = 0.025) and thalamus (p = 0.023). The CDS was reduced significantly with anti-CD20 antibody vs. the isotype control at 3 (p = 0.003) and 4 (p = 0.03) wkPI, while a trend was observed at 5 (p = 0.057) and 6 (p = 0.086) wkPI. Performance on rotarod was also improved significantly at 3 (p = 0.007) and 5 (p = 0.01) wkPI compared with the isotype control. At cellular level, anti-CD20 therapy suppressed the percentage of proliferative nuclear antigen positive microglia in huMOG-EAE isocortex (p = 0.016). Flow cytometry confirmed that anti-CD20 antibody strongly depleted the CD19-expressing B cell fraction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, reducing it from 39.7% measured in isotype control to 1.59% in anti-CD20 treated mice (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD20 antibody treatment delayed brain tissue neurodegeneration in GM, and showed clinical benefit on measures of disease severity in huMOG-EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyog Pol
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Serena Liang
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravendra Dhanraj
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anna Schubart
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Department of Transplantation and Immunology, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marilena Preda
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michele Sveinsson
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Deepa P Ramasamy
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Gisbert Weckbecker
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Department of Transplantation and Immunology, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Tripathi A, Volsko C, Garcia JP, Agirre E, Allan KC, Tesar PJ, Trapp BD, Castelo-Branco G, Sim FJ, Dutta R. Oligodendrocyte Intrinsic miR-27a Controls Myelination and Remyelination. Cell Rep 2020; 29:904-919.e9. [PMID: 31644912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination requires the generation of new oligodendrocytes (OLs), which are derived from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Maturation of OPCs into OLs is a multi-step process. Here, we describe a microRNA expressed by OLs, miR-27a, as a regulator of OL development and survival. Increased levels of miR-27a were found in OPCs associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and in animal models of demyelination. Increased levels of miR-27a led to inhibition of OPC proliferation by cell-cycle arrest, as well as impaired differentiation of human OPCs (hOPCs) and myelination by dysregulating the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo administration of miR-27a led to suppression of myelinogenic signals, leading to loss of endogenous myelination and remyelination. Our findings provide evidence supporting a critical role for a steady-state level of OL-specific miR-27a in supporting multiple steps in the complex process of OPC maturation and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajai Tripathi
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christina Volsko
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessie P Garcia
- Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eneritz Agirre
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin C Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Goncalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fraser J Sim
- Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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Kaji S, Maki T, Ueda J, Ishimoto T, Inoue Y, Yasuda K, Sawamura M, Hikawa R, Ayaki T, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. BCAS1-positive immature oligodendrocytes are affected by the α-synuclein-induced pathology of multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:120. [PMID: 32727582 PMCID: PMC7391509 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is pathologically characterized by the presence of fibrillar α-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions in oligodendrocytes. Although the myelinating process of oligodendrocytes can be observed in adult human brains, little is known regarding the presence of α-synuclein pathology in immature oligodendrocytes and how their maturation and myelination are affected in MSA brains. Recently, breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1) has been found to be specifically expressed in immature oligodendrocytes undergoing maturation and myelination. Here, we analyzed the altered dynamics of oligodendroglial maturation in both MSA brains and primary oligodendroglial cell cultures which were incubated with α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils. The numbers of BCAS1-expressing oligodendrocytes that displayed a matured morphology negatively correlated with the density of pathological inclusions in MSA brains but not with that in Parkinson’s disease and diffuse Lewy body disease. In addition, a portion of the BCAS1-expressing oligodendrocyte population showed cytoplasmic inclusions, which were labeled with antibodies against phosphorylated α-synuclein and cleaved caspase-9. Further in vitro examination indicated that the α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils induced cytoplasmic inclusions in the majority of BCAS1-expressing oligodendrocytes. In contrast, the majority of BCAS1-non-expressing mature oligodendrocytes did not develop inclusions on day 4 after maturation induction. Furthermore, exposure of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils in the BCAS1-positive phase caused a reduction in oligodendroglial cell viability. Our results indicated that oligodendroglial maturation and myelination are impaired in the BCAS1-positive phase of MSA brains, which may lead to the insufficient replacement of defective oligodendrocytes. In vitro, the high susceptibility of BCAS1-expressing primary oligodendrocytes to the extracellular α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils suggests the involvement of insufficient oligodendroglial maturation in MSA disease progression and support the hypothesis that the BCAS1-positive oligodendrocyte lineage cells are prone to take up aggregated α-synuclein in vivo.
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16
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Powerful Homeostatic Control of Oligodendroglial Lineage by PDGFRα in Adult Brain. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1073-1089.e5. [PMID: 31018125 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are widely distributed cells of ramified morphology in adult brain that express PDGFRα and NG2. They retain mitotic activities in adulthood and contribute to oligodendrogenesis and myelin turnover; however, the regulatory mechanisms of their cell dynamics in adult brain largely remain unknown. Here, we found that global Pdgfra inactivation in adult mice rapidly led to elimination of OPCs due to synchronous maturation toward oligodendrocytes. Surprisingly, OPC densities were robustly reconstituted by the active expansion of Nestin+ immature cells activated in meninges and brain parenchyma, as well as a few OPCs that escaped from Pdgfra inactivation. The multipotent immature cells were induced in the meninges of Pdgfra-inactivated mice, but not of control mice. Our findings revealed powerful homeostatic control of adult OPCs, engaging dual cellular sources of adult OPC formation. These properties of the adult oligodendrocyte lineage and the alternative OPC source may be exploited in regenerative medicine.
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17
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Wang J, Saraswat D, Sinha AK, Polanco J, Dietz K, O'Bara MA, Pol SU, Shayya HJ, Sim FJ. Paired Related Homeobox Protein 1 Regulates Quiescence in Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitors. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3435-3450.e6. [PMID: 30566868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hOPCs) persist into adulthood as an abundant precursor population capable of division and differentiation. The transcriptional mechanisms that regulate hOPC homeostasis remain poorly defined. Herein, we identify paired related homeobox protein 1 (PRRX1) in primary PDGFαR+ hOPCs. We show that enforced PRRX1 expression results in reversible G1/0 arrest. While both PRRX1 splice variants reduce hOPC proliferation, only PRRX1a abrogates migration. hOPC engraftment into hypomyelinated shiverer/rag2 mouse brain is severely impaired by PRRX1a, characterized by reduced cell proliferation and migration. PRRX1 induces a gene expression signature characteristic of stem cell quiescence. Both IFN-γ and BMP signaling upregulate PRRX1 and induce quiescence. PRRX1 knockdown modulates IFN-γ-induced quiescence. In mouse brain, PRRX1 mRNA was detected in non-dividing OPCs and is upregulated in OPCs following demyelination. Together, these data identify PRRX1 as a regulator of quiescence in hOPCs and as a potential regulator of pathological quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Darpan Saraswat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anjali K Sinha
- Neuroscience Program, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jessie Polanco
- Neuroscience Program, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Karen Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melanie A O'Bara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Suyog U Pol
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hani J Shayya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fraser J Sim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Neuroscience Program, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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18
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Thomason EJ, Escalante M, Osterhout DJ, Fuss B. The oligodendrocyte growth cone and its actin cytoskeleton: A fundamental element for progenitor cell migration and CNS myelination. Glia 2019; 68:1329-1346. [PMID: 31696982 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the oligodendrocyte (OLG) lineage engage in highly motile behaviors that are crucial for effective central nervous system (CNS) myelination. These behaviors include the guided migration of OLG progenitor cells (OPCs), the surveying of local environments by cellular processes extending from differentiating and pre-myelinating OLGs, and during the process of active myelin wrapping, the forward movement of the leading edge of the myelin sheath's inner tongue along the axon. Almost all of these motile behaviors are driven by actin cytoskeletal dynamics initiated within a lamellipodial structure that is located at the tip of cellular OLG/OPC processes and is structurally as well as functionally similar to the neuronal growth cone. Accordingly, coordinated stoichiometries of actin filament (F-actin) assembly and disassembly at these OLG/OPC growth cones have been implicated in directing process outgrowth and guidance, and the initiation of myelination. Nonetheless, the functional importance of the OLG/OPC growth cone still remains to be fully understood, and, as a unique aspect of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, F-actin depolymerization and disassembly start to predominate at the transition from myelination initiation to myelin wrapping. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about OLG/OPC growth cones, and it proposes a model in which actin cytoskeletal dynamics in OLG/OPC growth cones are a main driver for morphological transformations and motile behaviors. Remarkably, these activities, at least at the later stages of OLG maturation, may be regulated independently from the transcriptional gene expression changes typically associated with CNS myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Thomason
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Miguel Escalante
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Donna J Osterhout
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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19
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Yun W, Hong W, Son D, Liu HW, Kim SS, Park M, Kim IY, Kim DS, Song G, You S. Generation of Anterior Hindbrain-Specific, Glial-Restricted Progenitor-Like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:633-648. [PMID: 30880587 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engraftment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which form myelinating oligodendrocytes, has the potential to treat demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, conventional strategies for generating oligodendrocytes have mainly focused on direct differentiation into forebrain- or spinal cord-restricted oligodendrocytes without establishing or amplifying stem/progenitor cells. Taking advantage of a recently established culture system, we generated expandable EN1- and GBX2-positive glial-restricted progenitor-like cells (GPLCs) near the anterior hindbrain. These cells expressed PDGFRα, CD9, S100β, and SOX10 and mostly differentiated into GFAP-positive astrocytes and MBP-positive oligodendrocytes. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the transcriptome of GPLCs was similar to that of O4-positive OPCs, but distinct from that of rosette-type neural stem cells. Notably, engrafted GPLCs not only differentiated into GFAP-positive astrocytes but also myelinated the brains of adult shiverer mice 8 weeks after transplantation. Our strategy for establishing anterior hindbrain-specific GPLCs with gliogenic potency will facilitate their use in the treatment of demyelinating diseases and studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying glial development in the hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Yun
- 1 Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Hong
- 1 Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daryeon Son
- 1 Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Wen Liu
- 2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Laboratory of Reprogramming & Differentiation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soo Kim
- 2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Park
- 1 Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Yong Kim
- 1 Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- 2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Laboratory of Reprogramming & Differentiation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- 5 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- 1 Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Esmonde-White C, Yaqubi M, Bilodeau PA, Cui QL, Pernin F, Larochelle C, Ghadiri M, Xu YKT, Kennedy TE, Hall J, Healy LM, Antel JP. Distinct Function-Related Molecular Profile of Adult Human A2B5-Positive Pre-Oligodendrocytes Versus Mature Oligodendrocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:468-479. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | | | - Qiao Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | | | - Mahtab Ghadiri
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu Kang T Xu
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Jeffery Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
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