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Chang CC, Yang CH, Chuang CH, Jiang SJ, Hwang YM, Liou JW, Hsu HJ. A peptide derived from interleukin-10 exhibits potential anticancer activity and can facilitate cell targeting of gold nanoparticles loaded with anticancer therapeutics. Commun Chem 2023; 6:278. [PMID: 38102207 PMCID: PMC10724200 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory cytokine, and its expression is upregulated in tumor tissues and serum samples of patients with various cancers. Because of its immunosuppressive nature, IL-10 has also been suggested to be a factor leading to tumor cells' evasion of immune surveillance and clearance by the host immune system. In this study, we refined a peptide with 20 amino acids, named NK20a, derived from the binding region of IL-10 on the basis of in silico analysis of the complex structure of IL-10 with IL-10Ra, the ligand binding subunit of the IL-10 receptor. The binding ability of the peptide was confirmed through in vitro biophysical biolayer interferometry and cellular experiments. The IL-10 inhibitory peptide exerted anticancer effects on lymphoma B cells and could abolish the suppression effect of IL-10 on macrophages. NK20a was also conjugated with gold nanoparticles to target the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded nanoparticles to enhance the anticancer efficacy of 5-FU against the breast cancer cell line BT-474. Our study demonstrated that NK20a designed in silico with improved binding affinity to the IL-10 receptor can be used as a tool in developing anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Hao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Hsien Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shinn-Jong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yin-Min Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Je-Wen Liou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hao-Jen Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan, ROC.
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2
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Aschenbrenner D, Ye Z, Zhou Y, Hu W, Brooks I, Williams I, Capitani M, Gartner L, Kotlarz D, Snapper SB, Klein C, Muise AM, Marsden BD, Huang Y, Uhlig HH. Pathogenic Interleukin-10 Receptor Alpha Variants in Humans - Balancing Natural Selection and Clinical Implications. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:495-511. [PMID: 36370291 PMCID: PMC9892166 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Balancing natural selection is a process by which genetic variants arise in populations that are beneficial to heterozygous carriers, but pathogenic when homozygous. We systematically investigated the prevalence, structural, and functional consequences of pathogenic IL10RA variants that are associated with monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. We identify 36 non-synonymous and non-sense variants in the IL10RA gene. Since the majority of these IL10RA variants have not been functionally characterized, we performed a systematic screening of their impact on STAT3 phosphorylation upon IL-10 stimulation. Based on the geographic accumulation of confirmed pathogenic IL10RA variants in East Asia and in Northeast China, the distribution of infectious disorders worldwide, and the functional evidence of IL-10 signaling in the pathogenesis, we identify Schistosoma japonicum infection as plausible selection pressure driving variation in IL10RA. Consistent with this is a partially augmented IL-10 response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from heterozygous variant carriers. A parasite-driven heterozygote advantage through reduced IL-10 signaling has implications for health care utilization in regions with high allele frequencies and potentially indicates pathogen eradication strategies that target IL-10 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ziqing Ye
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Isabel Brooks
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Isabelle Williams
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Melania Capitani
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- SenTcell Ltd., London, UK
| | - Lisa Gartner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsche Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) and Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit, Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Centre of Medicines Discovery, NDM, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Biomedical Research Center, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Pantaleão SQ, Camillo LDMB, Neves TC, Menezes IDG, Stangherlin LM, Batista HBDCR, Poole E, Nevels M, Philot EA, Scott AL, Carlan da Silva MC. Molecular modelling of the HCMV IL-10 protein isoforms and analysis of their interaction with the human IL-10 receptor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277953. [PMID: 36441804 PMCID: PMC9704672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL111A gene encodes several homologs of the cellular interleukin 10 (cIL-10). Alternative splicing in the UL111A region produces two relatively well-characterized transcripts designated cmvIL-10 (isoform A) and LAcmvIL-10 (isoform B). The cmvIL-10 protein is the best characterized, both structurally and functionally, and has many immunosuppressive activities similar to cIL-10, while LAcmvIL-10 has more restricted biological activities. Alternative splicing also results in five less studied UL111A transcripts encoding additional proteins homologous to cIL-10 (isoforms C to G). These transcripts were identified during productive HCMV infection of MRC-5 cells with the high passage laboratory adapted AD169 strain, and the structure and properties of the corresponding proteins are largely unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether these protein isoforms are able to bind the cellular IL-10 receptor and induce signalling. In the present study, we investigated the expression spectrum of UL111A transcripts in fully permissive MRC-5 cells and semi permissive U251 cells infected with the low passage HCMV strain TB40E. We identified a new spliced transcript (H) expressed during productive infection. Using computational methods, we carried out molecular modelling studies on the three-dimensional structures of the HCMV IL-10 proteins encoded by the transcripts detected in our work (cmvIL-10 (A), LAcmvIL-10 (B), E, F and H) and on their interaction with the human IL-10 receptor (IL-10R1). The modelling predicts clear differences between the isoform structures. Furthermore, the in silico simulations (molecular dynamics simulation and normal-mode analyses) allowed us to evaluate regions that contain potential receptor binding sites in each isoform. The analyses demonstrate that the complexes between the isoforms and IL-10R1 present different types of molecular interactions and consequently different affinities and stabilities. The knowledge about structure and expression of specific viral IL-10 isoforms has implications for understanding of their properties and role in HCMV immune evasion and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tainan Cerqueira Neves
- Center for Natural and Humanities Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Godoy Menezes
- Center for Natural and Humanities Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Matheus Stangherlin
- Center for Natural and Humanities Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Emma Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Nevels
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Alisson Philot
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Ana Ligia Scott
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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Parapoxvirus Interleukin-10 Homologues Vary in Their Receptor Binding, Anti-Inflammatory, and Stimulatory Activities. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050507. [PMID: 35631028 PMCID: PMC9143231 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologues of interleukin (IL)-10, a pleiotropic immunomodulatory cytokine, have been identified in the Parapoxvirus genus. The first identified, Orf virus (ORFV) IL-10, greatly enhanced infection of its host, exhibiting immune modulatory effects equivalent to human IL-10. IL-10-like genes were then identified in Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), Red deerpox virus (RDPV) and Grey sealpox virus (GSPV). This study aimed to produce and characterise recombinant parapoxvirus IL-10s, then quantitatively compare their receptor binding and immunomodulatory activities. Recombinant IL-10s were expressed, purified, then characterised using bioinformatic, biochemical and enzymatic analyses. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in lipoteichoic acid-activated THP-1 monocytes, and stimulatory effects in MC/9 mast cells. IL-10 receptor (IL-10R)1 binding was detected in a competitive displacement assay. BPSV IL-10 inhibited production of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-8 and IL-1β, induced mast cell proliferation, and bound IL-10R1 similarly to ORFV IL-10. PCPV IL-10 showed reduced MCP-1 inhibition, mast cell proliferation, and IL-10R1 binding. RDPV IL-10 displayed reduced inhibition of IL-8 and MCP-1 production. GSPV IL-10 showed limited inhibition of IL-1β production and stimulation of mast cell proliferation. These findings provide valuable insight into IL-10 receptor interactions, and suggest that the parapoxvirus IL-10s play similar pathogenic roles during infection of their hosts.
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5
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Chang CC, Liu CD, Pan SF, Huang WH, Peng CW, Hsu HJ. Targeting of interleukin-10 receptor by a potential human interleukin-10 peptide efficiently blocks interleukin-10 pathway-dependent cell proliferation. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 32:245-253. [PMID: 32955521 PMCID: PMC7485672 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_237_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a dimeric and pleiotropic cytokine that plays a crucial role in cellular immunoregulatory responses. As IL-10 binds to its receptors, IL-10Ra and IL-10Rb, it will suppress or induce the downstream cellular immune responses to protect from diseases. Materials and Methods In this study, a potential peptide derived from IL-10 based on molecular docking and structural analysis was designed and validated by a series of cell assays to block IL-10 binding to receptor IL-10Ra for the inhibition of cell growth. Results The simulation results indicate that the designed peptide IL10NM25 bound to receptor IL-10Ra is dominated by electrostatic interactions, whereas van der Waals (VDW) and hydrophobic interactions are minor. The cell experiments showed that IL10NM25 specifically binds to receptor IL-10Ra on the cell surface of two B-lineage cell lines, B lymphoma derived (BJAB), and lymphoblastoid cell line, whereas the mutant and scramble peptides are not able to suppress the binding of IL-10 to receptor IL-10Ra, consistent with the molecular simulation predictions. Conclusion This study demonstrates that structure-based peptide design can be effective in the development of peptide drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Der Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Huang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Peng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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6
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Gorby C, Sotolongo Bellón J, Wilmes S, Warda W, Pohler E, Fyfe PK, Cozzani A, Ferrand C, Walter MR, Mitra S, Piehler J, Moraga I. Engineered IL-10 variants elicit potent immunomodulatory effects at low ligand doses. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/649/eabc0653. [PMID: 32934073 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a dimeric cytokine with both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory activities; however, IL-10-based therapies have shown only marginal clinical benefits. Here, we explored whether the stability of the IL-10 receptor complex contributes to the immunomodulatory potency of IL-10. We generated an IL-10 mutant with enhanced affinity for its IL-10Rβ receptor using yeast surface display. Compared to the wild-type cytokine, the affinity-enhanced IL-10 variants recruited IL-10Rβ more efficiently into active cell surface signaling complexes and triggered greater STAT1 and STAT3 activation in human monocytes and CD8+ T cells. These effects, in turn, led to more robust induction of IL-10-mediated gene expression programs at low ligand concentrations in both human cell subsets. IL-10-regulated genes are involved in monocyte energy homeostasis, migration, and trafficking and in CD8+ T cell exhaustion. At nonsaturating doses, IL-10 did not induce key components of its gene expression program, which may explain its lack of efficacy in clinical settings. Our engineered IL-10 variant showed a more robust bioactivity profile than that of wild-type IL-10 at low doses in monocytes and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CAR-modified T cells expanded with the engineered IL-10 variant displayed superior cytolytic activity than those expanded with wild-type IL-10. Our study provides insights into how IL-10 receptor complex stability fine-tunes IL-10 biology and opens new opportunities to revitalize failed IL-10 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gorby
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
| | - Junel Sotolongo Bellón
- Department of Biology and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
| | - Walid Warda
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Elizabeth Pohler
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
| | - Paul K Fyfe
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
| | - Adeline Cozzani
- Université de Lille, INSERM UMR1277 CNRS UMR9020-CANTHER and Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Mark R Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35243, USA
| | - Suman Mitra
- Université de Lille, INSERM UMR1277 CNRS UMR9020-CANTHER and Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
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Ausar SF, Zhu S, Duprez J, Cohen M, Bertrand T, Steier V, Wilson DJ, Li S, Sheung A, Brookes RH, Pedyczak A, Rak A, Andrew James D. Genetically detoxified pertussis toxin displays near identical structure to its wild-type and exhibits robust immunogenicity. Commun Biol 2020; 3:427. [PMID: 32759959 PMCID: PMC7406505 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutant gdPT R9K/E129G is a genetically detoxified variant of the pertussis toxin (PTx) and represents an attractive candidate for the development of improved pertussis vaccines. The impact of the mutations on the overall protein structure and its immunogenicity has remained elusive. Here we present the crystal structure of gdPT and show that it is nearly identical to that of PTx. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry revealed dynamic changes in the catalytic domain that directly impacted NAD+ binding which was confirmed by biolayer interferometry. Distal changes in dynamics were also detected in S2-S5 subunit interactions resulting in tighter packing of B-oligomer corresponding to increased thermal stability. Finally, antigen stimulation of human whole blood, analyzed by a previously unreported mass cytometry assay, indicated broader immunogenicity of gdPT compared to pertussis toxoid. These findings establish a direct link between the conserved structure of gdPT and its ability to generate a robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador F Ausar
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Shaolong Zhu
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada.,Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jessica Duprez
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Michael Cohen
- Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Fluidigm Corporation, Markham, ON, L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Thomas Bertrand
- Research Platform, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, 94400, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Steier
- Research Platform, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, 94400, Paris, France
| | - Derek J Wilson
- Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Stephen Li
- Fluidigm Corporation, Markham, ON, L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Anthony Sheung
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Roger H Brookes
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Artur Pedyczak
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Alexey Rak
- Research Platform, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, 94400, Paris, France
| | - D Andrew James
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur Ltd., Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada. .,Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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8
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SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 54:62-75. [PMID: 32513566 PMCID: PMC7265853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of cytokines are involved in the development of COVID-19 disease. Some of these biomolecules are related to the progression and even to the prognosis of the infection. Findings on the role of cytokine storm associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection can be useful in order to manage this highly virulent disease.
COVID-19 disease, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is related to a series of physiopathological mechanisms that mobilize a wide variety of biomolecules, mainly immunological in nature. In the most severe cases, the prognosis can be markedly worsened by the hyperproduction of mainly proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, preferentially targeting lung tissue. This study reviews published data on alterations in the expression of different cytokines in patients with COVID-19 who require admission to an intensive care unit. Data on the implication of cytokines in this disease and their effect on outcomes will support the design of more effective approaches to the management of COVID-19.
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9
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Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), or ‘cytokine storm’, is the leading side effect during chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy that is potentially life-threatening. It also plays a critical role in viral infections such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, efficient removal of excessive cytokines is essential for treatment. We previously reported a novel protein modification tool called the QTY code, through which hydrophobic amino acids Leu, Ile, Val and Phe are replaced by Gln (Q), Thr (T) and Tyr (Y). Thus, the functional detergent-free equivalents of membrane proteins can be designed. Here, we report the application of the QTY code on six variants of cytokine receptors, including interleukin receptors IL4Rα and IL10Rα, chemokine receptors CCR9 and CXCR2, as well as interferon receptors IFNγR1 and IFNλR1. QTY-variant cytokine receptors exhibit physiological properties similar to those of native receptors without the presence of hydrophobic segments. The receptors were fused to the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein to form an antibody-like structure. These QTY code-designed Fc-fusion receptors were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The resulting water-soluble fusion receptors bind to their respective ligands with Kd values affinity similar to isolated native receptors. Our cytokine receptor–Fc-fusion proteins potentially serve as an antibody-like decoy to dampen the excessive cytokine levels associated with CRS and COVID-19 infection.
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10
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Guven-Maiorov E, Tsai CJ, Nussinov R. Oncoviruses Can Drive Cancer by Rewiring Signaling Pathways Through Interface Mimicry. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1236. [PMID: 31803618 PMCID: PMC6872517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncoviruses rewire host pathways to subvert host immunity and promote their survival and proliferation. However, exactly how is challenging to understand. Here, by employing the first and to date only interface-based host-microbe interaction (HMI) prediction method, we explore a pivotal strategy oncoviruses use to drive cancer: mimicking binding surfaces-interfaces-of human proteins. We show that oncoviruses can target key human network proteins and transform cells by acquisition of cancer hallmarks. Experimental large-scale mapping of HMIs is difficult and individual HMIs do not permit in-depth grasp of tumorigenic virulence mechanisms. Our computational approach is tractable and 3D structural HMI models can help elucidate pathogenesis mechanisms and facilitate drug design. We observe that many host proteins are unique targets for certain oncoviruses, whereas others are common to several, suggesting similar infectious strategies. A rough estimation of our false discovery rate based on the tissue expression of oncovirus-targeted human proteins is 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Guven-Maiorov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Gorby C, Martinez-Fabregas J, Wilmes S, Moraga I. Mapping Determinants of Cytokine Signaling via Protein Engineering. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2143. [PMID: 30319612 PMCID: PMC6170656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines comprise a large family of secreted ligands that are critical for the regulation of immune homeostasis. Cytokines initiate signaling via dimerization or oligomerization of the cognate receptor subunits, triggering the activation of the Janus Kinases (JAKs)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) pathway and the induction of specific gene expression programs and bioactivities. Deregulation of cytokines or their downstream signaling pathways are at the root of many human disorders including autoimmunity and cancer. Identifying and understanding the mechanistic principles that govern cytokine signaling will, therefore, be highly important in order to harness the therapeutic potential of cytokines. In this review, we will analyze how biophysical (ligand-receptor binding geometry and affinity) and cellular (receptor trafficking and intracellular abundance of signaling molecules) parameters shape the cytokine signalosome and cytokine functional pleiotropy; from the initial cytokine binding to its receptor to the degradation of the cytokine receptor complex in the proteasome and/or lysosome. We will also discuss how combining advanced protein engineering with detailed signaling and functional studies has opened promising avenues to tackle complex questions in the cytokine signaling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gorby
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Martinez-Fabregas
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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12
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Feng Y, Chen CS, Ho J, Pearce D, Hu S, Wang B, Desai P, Kim KS, Zhu H. High-Throughput Chip Assay for Investigating Escherichia coli Interaction with the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Microbial and Human Proteome Microarrays (Dual-Microarray Technology). Anal Chem 2018; 90:10958-10966. [PMID: 30106562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis in neonates and infants is an acute lethal disease and occurs in response to microbial exploitation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in the intracranial inflammation. Several pathogens, such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli), can cause this devastating disease; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which these pathogens exploit the BBB remain incompletely understood. To identify important players on both the pathogen and host sides that govern the E. coli-BBB cell interactions, we took advantage of the E. coli and human proteome microarrays (i.e., HuProt) as an unbiased, proteome-wide tool for identification of important players on both sides. Using the E. coli proteome microarrays, we developed a unique high throughput chip-based cell probing assay to probe with fluorescent live human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC, which constitute the BBB). We identified several transmembrane proteins, which effectively bound to live HBMEC. We focused on YojI protein for further study. By probing the HuProt arrays with YojI, interferon-alpha receptor (IFNAR2) was identified as one of its binding proteins. The importance of YojI and IFNAR2 involved in E. coli-HBMEC interactions was characterized using the YojI knockout bacteria and IFNAR2-knock down HBMEC and further confirmed by E. coli binding assay in HBMEC. This study represents a new paradigm (dual-microarray technology) that enables rapid, unbiased discovery of both pathogen and host players that are involved in pathogen-host interactions for human infectious diseases in a high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-theological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , PR China.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States.,School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management , Tainan City 701 , Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering , National Central University , Taoyuan City 32001 , Taiwan
| | - Jessica Ho
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Donna Pearce
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21287 , United States
| | - Shaohui Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-theological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , PR China
| | - Prashant Desai
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21231 , United States
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21287 , United States
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
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13
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Rasooly R, Do P, Hernlem BJ. Interleukin 2 Secretion by T Cells for Detection of Biologically Active Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type E. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1857-1862. [PMID: 28990820 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant worldwide source of clinical infections and foodborne illnesses; it acts through the synthesis of a group of enterotoxins (SEs) that cause gastroenteritis and also function as superantigens that activate T cells, resulting in massive cytokine production, yielding life-threatening toxicity. It is important that methods for detection and quantification of these toxins respond to their activity and not just the presence of the toxin molecule, which may be deactivated. Traditionally, live animals have been used to test for emesis following administration of the toxin-containing sample. Here, we present results studying cell-based alternatives for the assay of active staphylococcal enterotoxin type E (SEE), a toxin subtype identified in foodborne outbreaks in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. We found that interleukin 2 production by T cells can be used as a specific biological marker for the quantitative detection of SEE as compared with subtypes SEA and SEB. Our assay shows a dose-response relationship between IL-2 secretion by Jurkat T-cell line and SEE concentration as low as 1 pg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Rasooly
- Western Regional Research Center, Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA
| | - Paula Do
- Western Regional Research Center, Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA
| | - Bradley J Hernlem
- Western Regional Research Center, Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA
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14
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Das S, Bhadra P, Ramakumar S, Pal D. Molecular Dynamics Information Improves cis-Peptide-Based Function Annotation of Proteins. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28633522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
cis-Peptide bonds, whose occurrence in proteins is rare but evolutionarily conserved, are implicated to play an important role in protein function. This has led to their previous use in a homology-independent, fragment-match-based protein function annotation method. However, proteins are not static molecules; dynamics is integral to their activity. This is nicely epitomized by the geometric isomerization of cis-peptide to trans form for molecular activity. Hence we have incorporated both static (cis-peptide) and dynamics information to improve the prediction of protein molecular function. Our results show that cis-peptide information alone cannot detect functional matches in cases where cis-trans isomerization exists but 3D coordinates have been obtained for only the trans isomer or when the cis-peptide bond is incorrectly assigned as trans. On the contrary, use of dynamics information alone includes false-positive matches for cases where fragments with similar secondary structure show similar dynamics, but the proteins do not share a common function. Combining the two methods reduces errors while detecting the true matches, thereby enhancing the utility of our method in function annotation. A combined approach, therefore, opens up new avenues of improving existing automated function annotation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Das
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pratiti Bhadra
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suryanarayanarao Ramakumar
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Debnath Pal
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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15
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Chuartzman SG, Nevo R, Waichman S, Shental D, Piehler J, Levy Y, Reich Z, Kapon R. Binding of interferon reduces the force of unfolding for interferon receptor 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175413. [PMID: 28403186 PMCID: PMC5389645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential signaling of the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) has been correlated with the ability of its subunit, IFNAR1, to differentially recognize a large spectrum of different ligands, which involves intricate conformational re-arrangements of multiple interacting domains. To shed light onto the structural determinants governing ligand recognition, we compared the force-induced unfolding of the IFNAR1 ectodomain when bound to interferon and when free, using the atomic force microscope and steered molecular dynamics simulations. Unexpectedly, we find that IFNAR1 is easier to mechanically unfold when bound to interferon than when free. Analysis of the structures indicated that the origin of the reduction in unfolding forces is a conformational change in IFNAR1 induced by ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G. Chuartzman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Waichman
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Dalit Shental
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yaakov Levy
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (RK); (ZR)
| | - Ruti Kapon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (RK); (ZR)
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16
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Dueñas S, Aguila SA, Pimienta G. A workflow for in silico design of hIL-10 and ebvIL-10 inhibitors using well-known miniprotein scaffolds. J Mol Model 2017; 23:118. [PMID: 28293795 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The over-expression of immune-suppressors such as IL-10 is a crucial landmark in both tumor progression, and latent viral and parasite infection. IL-10 is a multifunctional protein. Besides its immune-cell suppressive function, it also promotes B-cell tumorigenesis of lymphomas and melanoma. Human pathogens like unicellular parasites and viruses that remain latent inside B cells promote the over-expression of hIL-10 upon infection, which inhibits cell-mediated immune surveillance, and at the same time mediates B cell proliferation. The B-cell specific oncogenic latent virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes a viral homologue of hIL-10 (ebvIL-10), expressed during lytic viral proliferation. Once expressed, ebvIL-10 inhibits cell-mediated immune surveillance, assuring EBV re-infection. During long-term latency, EBV-infected B cells over-express hIL-10 to assure B-cell proliferation, occasionally inducing EBV-mediated lymphomas. The amino acid sequences of hIL-10 and ebvIL-10 are more than 80% identical and thus have a very similar tridimensional structure. Based on their published crystallographic structures bound to their human receptor IL10R1, we report a structure-based design of hIL-10 and ebvIL-10 inhibitors based on 3 loops from IL10R1 that establish specific hydrogen bonds with the two IL10s. We have grafted these loops onto a permissible loop in three well-known miniprotein scaffolds-the Conus snail toxin MVIIA, the plant-derived trypsin inhibitor EETI, and the human appetite modulator AgRP. Our computational workflow described in detail below was invigorated by the negative and positive controls implemented, and therefore paves the way for future in vitro and in vivo validation assays of the IL-10 inhibitors engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Dueñas
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, División de Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22860, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Aguila
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Km. 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22860, Mexico.
| | - Genaro Pimienta
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, División de Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, C.P. 22860, Mexico. .,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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17
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IL-10: A Multifunctional Cytokine in Viral Infections. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6104054. [PMID: 28316998 PMCID: PMC5337865 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory master regulator IL-10 is critical to protect the host from tissue damage during acute phases of immune responses. This regulatory mechanism, central to T cell homeostasis, can be hijacked by viruses to evade immunity. IL-10 can be produced by virtually all immune cells, and it can also modulate the function of these cells. Understanding the effects of this multifunctional cytokine is therefore a complex task. In the present review we discuss the factors driving IL-10 production and the cellular sources of the cytokine during antiviral immune responses. We particularly focus on the IL-10 regulatory mechanisms that impact antiviral immune responses and how viruses can use this central regulatory pathway to evade immunity and establish chronic/latent infections.
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18
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Mechanisms of immunomodulation by mammalian and viral decoy receptors: insights from structures. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 17:112-129. [PMID: 28028310 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses are regulated by effector cytokines and chemokines that signal through cell surface receptors. Mammalian decoy receptors - which are typically soluble or inactive versions of cell surface receptors or soluble protein modules termed binding proteins - modulate and antagonize signalling by canonical effector-receptor complexes. Viruses have developed a diverse array of molecular decoys to evade host immune responses; these include viral homologues of host cytokines, chemokines and chemokine receptors; variants of host receptors with new functions; and novel decoy receptors that do not have host counterparts. Over the past decade, the number of known mammalian and viral decoy receptors has increased considerably, yet a comprehensive curation of the corresponding structure-mechanism relationships has not been carried out. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive resource on this topic with a view to better understanding the roles and evolutionary relationships of mammalian and viral decoy receptors, and the opportunities for leveraging their therapeutic potential.
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19
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Moraga I, Richter D, Wilmes S, Winkelmann H, Jude K, Thomas C, Suhoski MM, Engleman EG, Piehler J, Garcia KC. Instructive roles for cytokine-receptor binding parameters in determining signaling and functional potency. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra114. [PMID: 26554818 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines dimerize cell surface receptors to activate signaling and regulate many facets of the immune response. Many cytokines have pleiotropic effects, inducing a spectrum of redundant and distinct effects on different cell types. This pleiotropy has hampered cytokine-based therapies, and the high doses required for treatment often lead to off-target effects, highlighting the need for a more detailed understanding of the parameters controlling cytokine-induced signaling and bioactivities. Using the prototypical cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13), we explored the interrelationships between receptor binding and a wide range of downstream cellular responses. We applied structure-based engineering to generate IL-13 variants that covered a spectrum of binding strengths for the receptor subunit IL-13Rα1. Engineered IL-13 variants representing a broad range of affinities for the receptor exhibited similar potencies in stimulating the phosphorylation of STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6). Delays in the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT6 were only apparent for those IL-13 variants with markedly reduced affinities for the receptor. From these data, we developed a mechanistic model that quantitatively reproduced the kinetics of STAT6 phosphorylation for the entire spectrum of binding affinities. Receptor endocytosis played a key role in modulating STAT6 activation, whereas the lifetime of receptor-ligand complexes at the plasma membrane determined the potency of the variant for inducing more distal responses. This complex interrelationship between extracellular ligand binding and receptor function provides the foundation for new mechanism-based strategies that determine the optimal cytokine dose to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA
| | - David Richter
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Hauke Winkelmann
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Kevin Jude
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA
| | - Christoph Thomas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA
| | - Megan M Suhoski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5345, USA.
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20
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Gehrcke JP, Pisabarro MT. Identification and characterization of a glycosaminoglycan binding site on interleukin-10 via molecular simulation methods. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 62:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Wilmes S, Beutel O, Li Z, Francois-Newton V, Richter CP, Janning D, Kroll C, Hanhart P, Hötte K, You C, Uzé G, Pellegrini S, Piehler J. Receptor dimerization dynamics as a regulatory valve for plasticity of type I interferon signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:579-93. [PMID: 26008745 PMCID: PMC4442803 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) activate differential cellular responses through a shared cell surface receptor composed of the two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. We propose here a mechanistic model for how IFN receptor plasticity is regulated on the level of receptor dimerization. Quantitative single-molecule imaging of receptor assembly in the plasma membrane of living cells clearly identified IFN-induced dimerization of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. The negative feedback regulator ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) potently interferes with the recruitment of IFNAR1 into the ternary complex, probably by impeding complex stabilization related to the associated Janus kinases. Thus, the responsiveness to IFNα2 is potently down-regulated after the first wave of gene induction, while IFNβ, due to its ∼100-fold higher binding affinity, is still able to efficiently recruit IFNAR1. Consistent with functional data, this novel regulatory mechanism at the level of receptor assembly explains how signaling by IFNβ is maintained over longer times compared with IFNα2 as a temporally encoded cause of functional receptor plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wilmes
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Oliver Beutel
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Zhi Li
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Francois-Newton
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Christian P Richter
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Dennis Janning
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Cindy Kroll
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Patrizia Hanhart
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katharina Hötte
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Changjiang You
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gilles Uzé
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Pellegrini
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA1961, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
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22
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Han L, Sun L, Zhao Z, Chao Y, Sun Z, Li H, Luo B. Sequence variation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BCRF1 in lymphomas in non-endemic areas of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Arch Virol 2014; 160:441-5. [PMID: 25373543 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the sequence variation and the potential implication of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncogene in lymphoma, BamHI-C fragment rightward reading frame 1 (BCRF1) was sequenced in different types of EBV-positive lymphoma in northern China, and polymorphisms were compared with previous variation data from other malignancies. The dominate subtype of BCRF1 in EBV-positive lymphoma was the B95-8 prototype, and a mutation in the signal peptide was more strongly associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma. The high conservation of BCRF1 in EBV-positive lymphoma suggests its important role in maintaining the basic biological activity and immunosuppressive functions of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China
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23
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Das S, Ramakumar S, Pal D. Identifying functionally important cis-peptide containing segments in proteins and their utility in molecular function annotation. FEBS J 2014; 281:5602-21. [PMID: 25291238 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cis-peptide embedded segments are rare in proteins but often highlight their important role in molecular function when they do occur. The high evolutionary conservation of these segments illustrates this observation almost universally, although no attempt has been made to systematically use this information for the purpose of function annotation. In the present study, we demonstrate how geometric clustering and level-specific Gene Ontology molecular-function terms (also known as annotations) can be used in a statistically significant manner to identify cis-embedded segments in a protein linked to its molecular function. The present study identifies novel cis-peptide fragments, which are subsequently used for fragment-based function annotation. Annotation recall benchmarks interpreted using the receiver-operator characteristic plot returned an area-under-curve > 0.9, corroborating the utility of the annotation method. In addition, we identified cis-peptide fragments occurring in conjunction with functionally important trans-peptide fragments, providing additional insights into molecular function. We further illustrate the applicability of our method in function annotation where homology-based annotation transfer is not possible. The findings of the present study add to the repertoire of function annotation approaches and also facilitate engineering, design and allied studies around the cis-peptide neighborhood of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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24
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Lu W, Ai J, Liu Y, Liu C, Xie Z. Characteristics of viral IL-10 gene in Epstein–Barr virus infection in children in China. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The viral IL-10 (vIL-10) gene of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) exhibits high homology with human IL-10 gene. In order to characterize vIL-10 gene in EBV-infected children in China, DNA sequencing of this gene was performed in 249 cases of EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis, 46 EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and six chronic active EBV infection. Eight silent and seven nonsilent mutations were identified, of which silent mutation c9980a was prominently presented (75.7%, 228/301) in the studied cases. Two subtypes of the vIL-10 gene, including pattern B95–8 and pattern SPM (mutation in the signal peptide), were identified. Pattern B95-8 was the dominant subtype in infectious mononucleosis, EBV-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and chronic active EBV infection. These results indicated that the vIL-10 gene exists as a highly conservative form in EBV-associated infection in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children & National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Ai
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children & National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children & National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children & National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children & National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hughes C, Sette A, Seed M, D'Acquisto F, Manzo A, Vincent TL, Lim NH, Nissim A. Targeting of viral interleukin-10 with an antibody fragment specific to damaged arthritic cartilage improves its therapeutic potency. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R151. [PMID: 25029910 PMCID: PMC4225686 DOI: 10.1186/ar4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously demonstrated that a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) specific to collagen type II (CII) posttranslationally modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be used to target anti-inflammatory therapeutics specifically to inflamed arthritic joints. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the superior efficacy of anti-inflammatory cytokines when targeted to inflamed arthritic joints by the anti-ROS modified CII (anti-ROS-CII) scFv in a mouse model of arthritis. METHODS Viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10) was fused to anti-ROS-CII scFv (1-11E) with a matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavable linker to create 1-11E/vIL-10 fusion. Binding of 1-11E/vIL-10 to ROS-CII was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and immune-staining of arthritic cartilage, whereas vIL-10 bioactivity was evaluated in vitro by using an MC-9 cell-proliferation assay. Specific in vivo localization and therapeutic efficacy of 1-11E/vIL-10 was tested in the mouse model of antigen-induced arthritis. RESULTS 1-11E/vIL-10 bound specifically to ROS-CII and to damaged arthritic cartilage. Interestingly, the in vitro vIL-10 activity in the fusion protein was observed only after cleavage with MMP-1. When systemically administered to arthritic mice, 1-11E/vIL-10 localized specifically to the arthritic knee, with peak accumulation observed after 3 days. Moreover, 1-11E/vIL-10 reduced inflammation significantly quicker than vIL-10 fused to the control anti-hen egg lysozyme scFv (C7/vIL10). CONCLUSIONS Targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines potentiates their anti-arthritic action in a mouse model of arthritis. Our results further support the hypothesis that targeting biotherapeutics to arthritic joints may be extended to include anti-inflammatory cytokines that lack efficacy when administered systemically.
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The molecular basis of IL-10 function: from receptor structure to the onset of signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 380:191-212. [PMID: 25004819 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43492-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of the cell surface IL-10 receptor complex is the first step in initiating IL-10 signaling pathways that regulate intestinal inflammation, viral persistence and even tumor surveillance. The discovery of IL-10 homologs in the genomes of herpes viruses suggests IL-10 signaling pathways can be manipulated at the level of the receptor complex. This chapter will describe our current molecular understanding of IL-10 receptor assembly based on crystal structures and biochemical analyses of cellular and viral IL-10 receptor complexes.
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Ouyang P, Rakus K, van Beurden SJ, Westphal AH, Davison AJ, Gatherer D, Vanderplasschen AF. IL-10 encoded by viruses: a remarkable example of independent acquisition of a cellular gene by viruses and its subsequent evolution in the viral genome. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:245-262. [PMID: 24225498 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.058966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses have evolved strategies to deregulate the host immune system. These strategies include mechanisms to subvert or recruit the host cytokine network. IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, its key features relate mainly to its capacity to exert potent immunosuppressive effects. Several viruses have been shown to upregulate the expression of cellular IL-10 (cIL-10) with, in some cases, enhancement of infection by suppression of immune functions. Other viruses encode functional orthologues of cIL-10, called viral IL-10s (vIL-10s). The present review is devoted to these virokines. To date, vIL-10 orthologues have been reported for 12 members of the family Herpesviridae, two members of the family Alloherpesviridae and seven members of the family Poxviridae. Study of vIL-10s demonstrated several interesting aspects on the origin and the evolution of these viral genes, e.g. the existence of multiple (potentially up to nine) independent gene acquisition events at different times during evolution, viral gene acquisition resulting from recombination with cellular genomic DNA or cDNA derived from cellular mRNA and the evolution of cellular sequence in the viral genome to restrict the biological activities of the viral orthologues to those beneficial for the virus life cycle. Here, various aspects of the vIL-10s described to date are reviewed, including their genetic organization, protein structure, origin, evolution, biological properties and potential in applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ouyang
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven J van Beurden
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen UR, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
| | - Derek Gatherer
- Division of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.,MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 8 Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
| | - Alain F Vanderplasschen
- Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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COUTO FRANCISCOM, PINTO HSOFIA. THE NEXT GENERATION OF SIMILARITY MEASURES THAT FULLY EXPLORE THE SEMANTICS IN BIOMEDICAL ONTOLOGIES. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2013; 11:1371001. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219720013710017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a prominent trend to augment and improve the formality of biomedical ontologies. For example, this is shown by the current effort on adding description logic axioms, such as disjointness. One of the key ontology applications that can take advantage of this effort is the conceptual (functional) similarity measurement. The presence of description logic axioms in biomedical ontologies make the current structural or extensional approaches weaker and further away from providing sound semantics-based similarity measures. Although beneficial in small ontologies, the exploration of description logic axioms by semantics-based similarity measures is computational expensive. This limitation is critical for biomedical ontologies that normally contain thousands of concepts. Thus in the process of gaining their rightful place, biomedical functional similarity measures have to take the journey of finding how this rich and powerful knowledge can be fully explored while keeping feasible computational costs. This manuscript aims at promoting and guiding the development of compelling tools that deliver what the biomedical community will require in a near future: a next-generation of biomedical similarity measures that efficiently and fully explore the semantics present in biomedical ontologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- FRANCISCO M. COUTO
- Departamento de Informática, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - H. SOFIA PINTO
- INESC-ID, Departamento de Engenharia Informática, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa 1000-029, Portugal
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Secretory expression of biologically active human Herpes virus interleukin-10 analogues in Escherichia coli via a modified Sec-dependent transporter construct. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:82. [PMID: 24093616 PMCID: PMC3853369 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-10 homologues encoded by Herpes viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) hold interesting structural and biological characteristics compared to human interleukin-10 (hIL-10) that render these proteins promising candidates for therapeutic application in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal delivery of cytokines using bacterial carriers as chassis represents a novel approach for treatment of IBD patients. For proof of concept, a Sec-dependent transporter construct was designed for secretory expression of recombinant viral IL-10 proteins in the periplasm of Escherichia coli laboratory strain BL21 (DE3), which might serve as part of a prospective lysis based delivery and containment system. Results The signal peptide of E. coli outer membrane protein F fused to the mature form of the viral IL-10 proteins enabled successful transport into the periplasm, a compartment which seems crucial for proper assembly of the dimeric configuration of the cytokines. Cytokine concentrations in different bacterial compartments were determined by ELISA and achieved yields of 67.8 ng/ml ± 24.9 ng/ml for HCMV IL-10 and 1.5 μg/ml ± 841.4 ng/ml for EBV IL-10 in the periplasm. Immunoblot analysis was used to confirm the correct size of the E. coli-derived recombinant cytokines. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as part of the signal transduction cascade after IL-10 receptor interaction, as well as suppression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages were used as read-out assays for proving in vitro biological activity of the E. coli derived, recombinant viral IL-10 counterparts. Conclusions In this study, proof of principle is provided that E. coli cells are a suitable chassis for secretory expression of viral IL-10 cytokines encoded by codon-optimized synthetic genes fused to the E. coli ompF signal sequence. In vitro biological activity evidenced by activation of transcription factor STAT3 and suppression of TNF-α in mammalian cell lines was shown to be strictly dependent on export of viral IL-10 proteins into the periplasmic compartment. E. coli might serve as carrier system for in situ delivery of therapeutic molecules in the gut, thus representing a further step in the development of novel approaches for treatment of IBD.
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Capone G, Calabrò M, Lucchese G, Fasano C, Girardi B, Polimeno L, Kanduc D. Peptide matching between Epstein-Barr virus and human proteins. Pathog Dis 2013; 69:205-12. [DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Capone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Michele Calabrò
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lucchese
- Brain and Language Laboratory; Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotions”; Free University of Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Candida Fasano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Bruna Girardi
- Section of Gastroenterology; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO); University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Lorenzo Polimeno
- Section of Gastroenterology; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO); University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari Italy
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Allosteric competitive inactivation of hematopoietic CSF-1 signaling by the viral decoy receptor BARF1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:938-47. [PMID: 22902366 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic human colony-stimulating factor 1 (hCSF-1) is essential for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and microbial infections and cancer. The human pathogen Epstein-Barr virus secretes the lytic-cycle protein BARF1 that neutralizes hCSF-1 to achieve immunomodulation. Here we show that BARF1 binds the dimer interface of hCSF-1 with picomolar affinity, away from the cognate receptor-binding site, to establish a long-lived complex featuring three hCSF-1 at the periphery of the BARF1 toroid. BARF1 locks dimeric hCSF-1 into an inactive conformation, rendering it unable to signal via its cognate receptor on human monocytes. This reveals a new functional role for hCSF-1 cooperativity in signaling. We propose a new viral strategy paradigm featuring an allosteric decoy receptor of the competitive type, which couples efficient sequestration and inactivation of the host growth factor to abrogate cooperative assembly of the cognate signaling complex.
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Yoon SI, Jones BC, Logsdon NJ, Harris BD, Kuruganti S, Walter MR. Epstein-Barr virus IL-10 engages IL-10R1 by a two-step mechanism leading to altered signaling properties. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:26586-95. [PMID: 22692218 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.376707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-10 (hIL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is able to suppress or activate cellular immune responses to protect the host from invading pathogens. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes a viral IL-10 (ebvIL-10) in its genome that has retained the immunosuppressive activities of hIL-10 but lost the ability to induce immunostimulatory activities on some cells. These functional differences are at least partially due to the ∼1000-fold difference in hIL-10 and ebvIL-10 binding affinity for the IL-10R1·IL-10R2 cell surface receptors. Despite weaker binding to IL-10R1, ebvIL-10 is more active than hIL-10 in inducing B-cell proliferation. To explore this counterintuitive observation further, a series of monomeric and dimeric ebvIL-10·hIL-10 chimeric proteins were produced and characterized for receptor binding and cellular proliferation on TF-1/hIL-10R1 cells that express high levels of the IL-10R1 chain. On this cell line, monomeric chimeras elicited cell proliferation in accordance with how tightly they bound to the IL-10R1 chain. In contrast, dimeric chimeras exhibiting the highest affinity for IL-10R1 exhibited reduced proliferative activity. These distinct activity profiles are correlated with kinetic analyses that reveal that the ebvIL-10 dimer is impaired in its ability to form a 1:2 ebvIL-10·IL-10R1 complex. As a result, the ebvIL-10 dimer functions like a monomer at low IL-10R1 levels, which prevents efficient signaling. At high IL-10R1 levels, the ebvIL-10 dimer is able to induce signaling responses greater than hIL-10. Thus, the ebvIL-10 dimer scaffold is essential to prevent activation of cells with low IL-10R1 levels but to maintain or enhance activity on cells with high IL-10R1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Il Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Abstract
An overwhelming array of structural variants has evolved from a comparatively small number of protein structural domains; which has in turn facilitated an expanse of functional derivatives. Herein, I review the primary mechanisms which have contributed to the vastness of our existing, and expanding, protein repertoires. Protein function prediction strategies, both sequence and structure based, are also discussed and their associated strengths and weaknesses assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland.
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Logsdon NJ, Allen CE, Rajashankar KR, Walter MR. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:89-92. [PMID: 22232181 PMCID: PMC3253844 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111049529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-20 (IL-20) is an IL-10-family cytokine that regulates innate and adaptive immunity in skin and other tissues. In addition to protecting the host from various external pathogens, dysregulated IL-20 signaling has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of human psoriasis. IL-20 signals through two cell-surface receptor heterodimers, IL-20R1-IL-20R2 and IL-22R1-IL-20R2. In this report, crystals of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 ternary complex have been grown from polyethylene glycol solutions. The crystals belonged to space group P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 111, c = 135 Å, and diffracted X-rays to 3 Å resolution. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains one IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex, corresponding to a solvent content of approximately 54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J. Logsdon
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher E. Allen
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Mark R. Walter
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abstract
The recent explosion in the number and diversity of novel proteins identified by the large-scale "omics" technologies poses new and important questions to the blossoming field of systems biology--what are all these proteins, how did they come about, and most importantly, what do they do? From a comparatively small number of protein structural domains a staggering array of structural variants has evolved, which has in turn facilitated an expanse of functional derivatives. This review considers the primary mechanisms that have contributed to the vastness of our existing, and expanding, protein repertoires, while also outlining the protocols available for elucidating their true biological function. The various function prediction programs available, both sequence and structure based, are discussed and their associated strengths and weaknesses outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine, whose main function is limitation and ultimately termination of immune responses. This is especially true for environmental interfaces such as the gastrointestinal tract. IL-10 acts as a key mediator for maintaining gut homeostasis. IL-10 knockout mice are well established as a genetic model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and sequence variants in the IL-10 locus contribute to ulcerative colitis (UC). DESIGN This review covers the significance of IL-10 signalling in the intestinal immune response both in health and disease. It explains the biological role of IL-10, its deregulation in IBD and its contribution to intestinal inflammation via endoplasmic reticulum stress response. RESULTS Many IBD susceptibility genes have been discovered in the past years, linking fundamental biological systems, like innate and adaptive immunity, stress responses, autophagy and mucosal barrier to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and UC. IL-10 has long been known for its substantial role in regulating gut immunity, but its contribution to IBD was somewhat elusive. A recent study identified mutations in either IL-10 receptor subunits that are associated with early-onset enterocolitis, a severe phenotype of IBD. Other than genetic variants of IL-10 receptors, IL-10 and STAT3 genes are also associated with IBD, emphasizing the involvement of the IL-10 signalling cascade in the pathogenesis of CD and UC. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of inherited deregulations in the IL-10 signalling cascade is not only considered the missing link between IL-10 and intestinal homeostasis, but also demonstrates how findings made in animal models help explaining human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Paul
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, human herpesvirus 4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, human herpesvirus 8) establish lifelong infection in the host. To further this lifestyle, they encode homologs of cellular cytokines and cytokine receptors with the overarching goal to escape from or to blunt host antiviral defenses. EBV encodes mimics of human interleukin (hIL)-10 and a G protein-coupled receptor protein with sequence similarity to CXCR, whereas KSHV encodes homologs of hIL-6, 3 CC chemokine ligands, and a G protein-coupled receptor with sequence similarity to IL8 receptor alpha. This review focuses on the EBV IL-10 homolog and the KSHV IL-6 homolog with respect to virus biology and pathogenesis of the virus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Sin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for AIDS Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7290, USA
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van Beurden SJ, Forlenza M, Westphal AH, Wiegertjes GF, Haenen OLM, Engelsma MY. The alloherpesviral counterparts of interleukin 10 in European eel and common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1211-1217. [PMID: 21907290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Viral interleukin 10 (IL-10) like open reading frames have been identified in several pox- and herpesviruses, including the fish herpesviruses Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) and Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3). European eel (Anguilla anguilla) IL-10 was sequenced, in order to compare European eel and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) IL-10 with their alloherpesviral counterparts. Homology between the virus and host IL-10 amino acid sequences is low, which is confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. However, the three dimensional structures of the fish and alloherpesviral IL-10 proteins as predicted by modeling are highly similar to human IL-10. Closely related AngHV-1 and CyHV-3 are expected to have obtained their viral IL-10 genes independently in the course of coexistence with their respective hosts. The presence and structural conservation of these alloherpesviral IL-10 genes suggest that they might play an important role in the evolution of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J van Beurden
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Design and analysis of rhesus cytomegalovirus IL-10 mutants as a model for novel vaccines against human cytomegalovirus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28127. [PMID: 22132227 PMCID: PMC3221699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) expresses a viral ortholog (CMVIL-10) of human cellular interleukin-10 (cIL-10). Despite only ∼26% amino acid sequence identity, CMVIL-10 exhibits comparable immunosuppressive activity with cIL-10, attenuates HCMV antiviral immune responses, and contributes to lifelong persistence within infected hosts. The low sequence identity between CMVIL-10 and cIL-10 suggests vaccination with CMVIL-10 may generate antibodies that specifically neutralize CMVIL-10 biological activity, but not the cellular cytokine, cIL-10. However, immunization with functional CMVIL-10 might be detrimental to the host because of its immunosuppressive properties. METHODS AND FINDINGS Structural biology was used to engineer biologically inactive mutants of CMVIL-10 that would, upon vaccination, elicit a potent immune response to the wild-type viral cytokine. To test the designed proteins, the mutations were incorporated into the rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) ortholog of CMVIL-10 (RhCMVIL-10) and used to vaccinate RhCMV-infected rhesus macaques. Immunization with the inactive RhCMVIL-10 mutants stimulated antibodies against wild-type RhCMVIL-10 that neutralized its biological activity, but did not cross-react with rhesus cellular IL-10. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an immunization strategy to neutralize RhCMVIL-10 biological activity using non-functional RhCMVIL-10 antigens. The results provide the methodology for targeting CMVIL-10 in vaccine, and therapeutic strategies, to nullify HCMV's ability to (1) skew innate and adaptive immunity, (2) disseminate from the site of primary mucosal infection, and (3) establish a lifelong persistent infection.
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Itzhaki Z. Domain-domain interactions underlying herpesvirus-human protein-protein interaction networks. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21724. [PMID: 21760902 PMCID: PMC3131297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-domains play an important role in mediating protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, the same domain-pairs mediate different interactions in different contexts and in various organisms, and therefore domain-pairs are considered as the building blocks of interactome networks. Here we extend these principles to the host-virus interface and find the domain-pairs that potentially mediate human-herpesvirus interactions. Notably, we find that the same domain-pairs used by other organisms for mediating their interactions underlie statistically significant fractions of human-virus protein inter-interaction networks. Our analysis shows that viral domains tend to interact with human domains that are hubs in the human domain-domain interaction network. This may enable the virus to easily interfere with a variety of mechanisms and processes involving various and different human proteins carrying the relevant hub domain. Comparative genomics analysis provides hints at a molecular mechanism by which the virus acquired some of its interacting domains from its human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Itzhaki
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Chao Y, Jing Y, Jia Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Luo B. Conservation and mutation of viral interleukin-10 gene in gastric carcinomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. J Med Virol 2011; 83:644-50. [PMID: 21328379 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamHI-C fragment rightward reading frame 1 (BCRF1)-coded viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10), exhibits high homology with human interleukin-10 (hIL-10) gene. The protein product vIL-10, which shares some functional properties with hIL-10, primarily mediates immunosuppressive functions. To characterize the variations of the vIL-10 gene and to explore the association between vIL-10 gene variations and EBV associated diseases, the vIL-10 gene was analyzed (using direct sequencing) in 41 cases of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC), 83 nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies, and 40 throat washing samples from healthy donors in Northern China. One silent mutation (c9980a) was observed in the majority of EBVaGC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and throat washing samples (134/164, 81.7%). Two consensus mutations (V6M and G23S) were identified in the signal peptide region in some nasopharyngeal carcinoma and throat washing isolates. These results indicate that the pattern B95-8 (identical sequence to B95-8) is the dominant type among the EBV isolates from Northern China, while the pattern SPM (mutation in the signal peptide present only in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and throat washing isolates) seems more relevant with the EBV-positive nasopharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal epithelial cells. The conservation of vIL-10, with a few variations, suggests the critical role of the vIL-10 gene for EBV in gaining an advantage over the host's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
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de Lemos Rieper C, Galle P, Pedersen BK, Hansen MB. Characterization of specific antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV)-encoded interleukin 10 produced by 28% of CMV-seropositive blood donors. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1508-1518. [PMID: 21402594 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.028738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has evolved multiple immunological evasion strategies, including the encoding of viral interleukin (IL)-10 homologues (cmvIL-10). In this study, cmvIL-10 bound avidly to the same receptors on blood mononuclear cells and was as bio-potent as native human IL-10. Seventeen percent of plasma samples from 3200 Danish blood donors (corresponding to 28 % of the anti-CMV IgG-positive donors) contained substantial levels of anti-cmvIL-10 IgG antibodies, as measured by a radioimmunoassay for human anti-cmvIL-10 antibodies. The antibodies neither cross-reacted with native human IL-10 nor with Epstein-Barr virus-encoded IL-10. Anti-cmvIL-10 antibodies potently inhibited the binding of cmvIL-10 to cellular receptors, and they specifically inhibited cmvIL-10-induced JAK-STAT signalling. Ultimately, anti-cmvIL-10 antibodies blocked the inhibitory effect of cmvIL-10 on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor alpha and IL-1β from blood mononuclear cells. Taken together, our data signify that cmvIL-10 has been produced during CMV infection, and that anti-cmvIL-10 IgG antibodies represent an effective immunological counter reaction against cmvIL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina de Lemos Rieper
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Galle
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Bagge Hansen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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43
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Doncheva NT, Klein K, Domingues FS, Albrecht M. Analyzing and visualizing residue networks of protein structures. Trends Biochem Sci 2011; 36:179-82. [PMID: 21345680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The study of individual amino acid residues and their molecular interactions in protein structures is crucial for understanding structure-function relationships. Recent work has indicated that residue networks derived from 3D protein structures provide additional insights into the structural and functional roles of interacting residues. Here, we present the new software tools RINerator and RINalyzer for the automatized generation, 2D visualization, and interactive analysis of residue interaction networks, and highlight their use in different application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Campus E1.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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44
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Miknis ZJ, Magracheva E, Li W, Zdanov A, Kotenko SV, Wlodawer A. Crystal structure of human interferon-λ1 in complex with its high-affinity receptor interferon-λR1. J Mol Biol 2010; 404:650-64. [PMID: 20934432 PMCID: PMC2991516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-λ1 [also known as interleukin (IL)-29] belongs to the recently discovered group of type III IFNs. All type III IFNs initiate signaling processes through formation of specific heterodimeric receptor complexes consisting of IFN-λR1 and IL-10R2. We have determined the structure of human IFN-λ1 complexed with human IFN-λR1, a receptor unique to type III IFNs. The overall structure of IFN-λ1 is topologically similar to the structure of IL-10 and other members of the IL-10 family of cytokines. IFN-λR1 consists of two distinct domains having fibronectin type III topology. The ligand-receptor interface includes helix A, loop AB, and helix F on the IFN site, as well as loops primarily from the N-terminal domain and inter-domain hinge region of IFN-λR1. Composition and architecture of the interface that includes only a few direct hydrogen bonds support an idea that long-range ionic interactions between ligand and receptor govern the process of initial recognition of the molecules while hydrophobic interactions finalize it.
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Key Words
- cytokine
- crystallography
- antiviral
- immunity
- signaling
- ifn, interferon
- il, interleukin
- hcv, hepatitis c virus
- cmv, cytomegalovirus
- ebv, epstein–barr virus
- peg, polyethylene glycol
- pdb, protein data bank
- nag, n-acetylglucosamine
- sc, shape complementarity
- snp, single nucleotide polymorphism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Miknis
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eugenia Magracheva
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alexander Zdanov
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sergei V. Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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45
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Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) family of cytokines includes a number of its viral homologs and eight cellular cytokines (IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The latter three proteins are also known as IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ1, and are recognized as type III (or λ) interferons. Most of the cellular homologs of IL-10 are monomeric in solution, whereas IL-10 and its viral homologs are intercalated dimers consisting of two helical bundle domains topologically similar to the monomeric members of the family. A classical four-helix bundle, a signature element of all helical cytokines, is always found as part of the domain of each member of the IL-10 family. The only crystal structures of these cytokine receptors that have been determined to date are for their extracellular domains (ECDs). Each ECD consists of two β-sandwich domains connected in the middle by a linkage. Signal transduction occurs when a cytokine binds to its two appropriate receptor chains. IL-10 and its viral homologs use the same IL-10 receptor system, whereas the cellular homologs of IL-10 use their own receptors, which in some cases may overlap and be used in different pairwise combinations. The known structures of binary complexes allowed for marking of the receptor binding site, which always includes helix A, loop AB and helix F (IL-10 notations) on the side of a ligand, loops of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains directed toward the ligand, and the interdomain linkage of the ECD. An analysis of the published structures of both the binary and ternary complexes of all helical cytokines allowed for the generation of a model of the signaling complex of IL-10. The receptor binding site I of the high affinity receptor IL-10R1 is exactly the same as in the crystal structure of the binary IL-10/sIL-10R1 complex, whereas the receptor binding site II is located on the surface of the first and the third helices of the four-helix bundle. The receptor/receptor interface, or site III, is formed between the C-terminal domains of IL-10R1 and IL-10R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zdanov
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, United States.
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46
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Hinck AP. Class II cytokine common receptors: something old, something new. Structure 2010; 18:551-2. [PMID: 20462488 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Structure, Yoon and colleagues provide models of a low affinity cytokine common receptor, IL-10R2, in a ternary complex with two class II cytokines and their corresponding ligand-specific receptors, revealing the nature of their promiscuous interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hinck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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47
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Sezgin E, Jabs DA, Hendrickson SL, Van Natta M, Zdanov A, Lewis RA, Smith MW, Troyer JL, O'Brien SJ. Effect of host genetics on the development of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:606-13. [PMID: 20617924 PMCID: PMC2932829 DOI: 10.1086/654814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a common opportunistic infection among patients with AIDS and still causes visual morbidity despite the wide spread usage of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The ubiquitous CMV pathogen contains a human interleukin-10 (IL-10) homolog in its genome and utilizes it to evade host immune reactions through an IL-10 receptor mediated immune-suppression pathway. METHODS Effects of IL-10R1, IL-10 and previously described AIDS restriction gene variants are investigated on the development of CMV retinitis in the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications of AIDS (LSOCA) cohort (N = 1284). RESULTS In European Americans (n = 750), a haplotype carrying an amino acid changing variation in the cytoplasmic domain (S420L) of IL-10R1 can be protective (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02-0.94; P = .04) against, whereas another haplotype carrying an amino acid changing variation in the extracellular domain (I224V) of IL-10R1 can be more susceptible (OR, 6.21; 95% CI, 1.22- 31.54; P = .03) to CMV retinitis. In African Americans (n = 534), potential effects of IL-10 variants are observed. CONCLUSION Host genetics may have a role in the occurrence of CMV retinitis in patients infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe Sezgin
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
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48
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Yoon SI, Jones BC, Logsdon NJ, Harris BD, Deshpande A, Radaeva S, Halloran BA, Gao B, Walter MR. Structure and mechanism of receptor sharing by the IL-10R2 common chain. Structure 2010; 18:638-48. [PMID: 20462497 PMCID: PMC2879597 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-10R2 is a shared cell surface receptor required for the activation of five class 2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-22, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29) that play critical roles in host defense. To define the molecular mechanisms that regulate its promiscuous binding, we have determined the crystal structure of the IL-10R2 ectodomain at 2.14 A resolution. IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes. The models reveal a conserved binding epitope that is surrounded by two clefts that accommodate the structural and chemical diversity of the cytokines. These results provide a structural framework for interpreting IL-10R2 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-il Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Brandi C. Jones
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Naomi J. Logsdon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Bethany D. Harris
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Ashlesha Deshpande
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Svetlana Radaeva
- Section on Liver Biology, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Brian A. Halloran
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Bin Gao
- Section on Liver Biology, Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark R. Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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49
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Abstract
From a comparatively small number of protein structural domains a staggering array of structural variants has evolved which has, in turn, facilitated an expanse of functional derivatives. Herein I review the primary mechanisms which have contributed to the vastness of our existing, and expanding, protein repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology.
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50
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Glocker EO, Kotlarz D, Boztug K, Gertz EM, Schäffer AA, Noyan F, Perro M, Diestelhorst J, Allroth A, Murugan D, Hätscher N, Pfeifer D, Sykora KW, Sauer M, Kreipe H, Lacher M, Nustede R, Woellner C, Baumann U, Salzer U, Koletzko S, Shah N, Segal AW, Sauerbrey A, Buderus S, Snapper SB, Grimbacher B, Klein C. Inflammatory bowel disease and mutations affecting the interleukin-10 receptor. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:2033-45. [PMID: 19890111 PMCID: PMC2787406 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0907206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1037] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular cause of inflammatory bowel disease is largely unknown. METHODS We performed genetic-linkage analysis and candidate-gene sequencing on samples from two unrelated consanguineous families with children who were affected by early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. We screened six additional patients with early-onset colitis for mutations in two candidate genes and carried out functional assays in patients' peripheral-blood mononuclear cells. We performed an allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in one patient. RESULTS In four of nine patients with early-onset colitis, we identified three distinct homozygous mutations in genes IL10RA and IL10RB, encoding the IL10R1 and IL10R2 proteins, respectively, which form a heterotetramer to make up the interleukin-10 receptor. The mutations abrogate interleukin-10-induced signaling, as shown by deficient STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation on stimulation with interleukin-10. Consistent with this observation was the increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients who were deficient in IL10R subunit proteins, suggesting that interleukin-10-dependent "negative feedback" regulation is disrupted in these cells. The allogeneic stem-cell transplantation performed in one patient was successful. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in genes encoding the IL10R subunit proteins were found in patients with early-onset enterocolitis, involving hyperinflammatory immune responses in the intestine. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation resulted in disease remission in one patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik-Oliver Glocker
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free Hospital and University College London, United Kingdom
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