1
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Valdebenito S, Eugenin E, Oberhauser A. SPR spectroscopic analysis of myosin binding to wild type and mutant UNC45B. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001131. [PMID: 38404916 PMCID: PMC10884834 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
UNC45B is a multidomain molecular chaperone that is essential for the proper folding and function of myosin. It has previously been demonstrated that the UCS domain is responsible for the chaperoning function of UNC45B and that removing its client-binding loop leads to a significant change in its solution conformation and a reduced chaperoning function. Here, we report the direct quantification of affinities of myosin binding to wild type and mutant UNC45B using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. We found that deletion of the client-binding loop in UNC45B resulted in a dramatic decrease in myosin affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Eliseo Eugenin
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Andres Oberhauser
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States
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2
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Carney TD, Hebalkar RY, Edeleva E, Çiçek IÖ, Shcherbata HR. Signaling through the dystrophin glycoprotein complex affects the stress-dependent transcriptome in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:286223. [PMID: 36594281 PMCID: PMC9922874 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in the human dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC), which links the extracellular matrix with the intracellular cytoskeleton, cause muscular dystrophies, a group of incurable disorders associated with heterogeneous muscle, brain and eye abnormalities. Stresses such as nutrient deprivation and aging cause muscle wasting, which can be exacerbated by reduced levels of the DGC in membranes, the integrity of which is vital for muscle health and function. Moreover, the DGC operates in multiple signaling pathways, demonstrating an important function in gene expression regulation. To advance disease diagnostics and treatment strategies, we strive to understand the genetic pathways that are perturbed by DGC mutations. Here, we utilized a Drosophila model to investigate the transcriptomic changes in mutants of four DGC components under temperature and metabolic stress. We identified DGC-dependent genes, stress-dependent genes and genes dependent on the DGC for a proper stress response, confirming a novel function of the DGC in stress-response signaling. This perspective yields new insights into the etiology of muscular dystrophy symptoms, possible treatment directions and a better understanding of DGC signaling and regulation under normal and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D. Carney
- Hannover Medical School, Research Group Gene Expression and Signaling, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover 30625, Germany,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Rucha Y. Hebalkar
- Hannover Medical School, Research Group Gene Expression and Signaling, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | | | | | - Halyna R. Shcherbata
- Hannover Medical School, Research Group Gene Expression and Signaling, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover 30625, Germany,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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3
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Odunuga OO, Oberhauser AF. Beyond Chaperoning: UCS Proteins Emerge as Regulators of Myosin-Mediated Cellular Processes. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:189-211. [PMID: 36520308 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The UCS (UNC-45/CRO1/She4p) family of proteins has emerged as chaperones specific for the folding, assembly, and function of myosin. UCS proteins participate in various myosin-dependent cellular processes including myofibril organization and muscle functions, cell differentiation, striated muscle development, cytokinesis, and endocytosis. Mutations in the genes that code for UCS proteins cause serious defects in myosin-dependent cellular processes. UCS proteins that contain an N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain are called UNC-45. Vertebrates usually possess two variants of UNC-45, the ubiquitous general-cell UNC-45 (UNC-45A) and the striated muscle UNC-45 (UNC-45B), which is exclusively expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Except for the TPR domain in UNC-45, UCS proteins comprise of several irregular armadillo (ARM) repeats that are organized into a central domain, a neck region, and the canonical C-terminal UCS domain that functions as the chaperoning module. With or without TPR, UCS proteins form linear oligomers that serve as scaffolds that mediate myosin folding, organization into myofibrils, repair, and motility. This chapter reviews emerging functions of these proteins with a focus on UNC-45 as a dedicated chaperone for folding, assembly, and function of myosin at protein and potentially gene levels. Recent experimental evidences strongly support UNC-45 as an absolute regulator of myosin, with each domain of the chaperone playing different but complementary roles during the folding, assembly, and function of myosin, as well as recruiting Hsp90 as a co-chaperone to optimize key steps. It is becoming increasingly clear that UNC-45 also regulates the transcription of several genes involved in myosin-dependent cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odutayo O Odunuga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA.
| | - Andres F Oberhauser
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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4
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Johnson CA, Behbehani R, Buss F. Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121889. [PMID: 36551317 PMCID: PMC9775386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases.
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5
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Oeffner RD, Croll TI, Millán C, Poon BK, Schlicksup CJ, Read RJ, Terwilliger TC. Putting AlphaFold models to work with phenix.process_predicted_model and ISOLDE. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2022; 78:1303-1314. [PMID: 36322415 PMCID: PMC9629492 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798322010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AlphaFold has recently become an important tool in providing models for experimental structure determination by X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM. Large parts of the predicted models typically approach the accuracy of experimentally determined structures, although there are frequently local errors and errors in the relative orientations of domains. Importantly, residues in the model of a protein predicted by AlphaFold are tagged with a predicted local distance difference test score, informing users about which regions of the structure are predicted with less confidence. AlphaFold also produces a predicted aligned error matrix indicating its confidence in the relative positions of each pair of residues in the predicted model. The phenix.process_predicted_model tool downweights or removes low-confidence residues and can break a model into confidently predicted domains in preparation for molecular replacement or cryo-EM docking. These confidence metrics are further used in ISOLDE to weight torsion and atom-atom distance restraints, allowing the complete AlphaFold model to be interactively rearranged to match the docked fragments and reducing the need for the rebuilding of connecting regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Oeffner
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan I. Croll
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Millán
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Billy K. Poon
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Building 33R0349, Berkeley, CA 94720-8235, USA
| | - Christopher J. Schlicksup
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Building 33R0349, Berkeley, CA 94720-8235, USA
| | - Randy J. Read
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Tom C. Terwilliger
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 100 Entrada Drive, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA,Correspondence e-mail: ,
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Piper PW, Scott JE, Millson SH. UCS Chaperone Folding of the Myosin Head: A Function That Evolved before Animals and Fungi Diverged from a Common Ancestor More than a Billion Years Ago. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081028. [PMID: 35892339 PMCID: PMC9331494 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The folding of the myosin head often requires a UCS (Unc45, Cro1, She4) domain-containing chaperone. Worms, flies, and fungi have just a single UCS protein. Vertebrates have two; one (Unc45A) which functions primarily in non-muscle cells and another (Unc45B) that is essential for establishing and maintaining the contractile apparatus of cardiac and skeletal muscles. The domain structure of these proteins suggests that the UCS function evolved before animals and fungi diverged from a common ancestor more than a billion years ago. UCS proteins of metazoans and apicomplexan parasites possess a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), a domain for direct binding of the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones. This, however, is absent in the UCS proteins of fungi and largely nonessential for the UCS protein function in Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish. The latter part of this review focusses on the TPR-deficient UCS proteins of fungi. While these are reasonably well studied in yeasts, there is little precise information as to how they might engage in interactions with the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones or might assist in myosin operations during the hyphal growth of filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter William Piper
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Correspondence: (P.W.P.); (S.H.M.)
| | | | - Stefan Heber Millson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK;
- Correspondence: (P.W.P.); (S.H.M.)
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7
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Duclaux-Loras R, Lebreton C, Berthelet J, Charbit-Henrion F, Nicolle O, Revenu de Courtils C, Waich S, Valovka T, Khiat A, Rabant M, Racine C, Guerrera IC, Baptista J, Mahe MM, Hess MW, Durel B, Lefort N, Banal C, Parisot M, Talbotec C, Lacaille F, Ecochard-Dugelay E, Demir AM, Vogel GF, Faivre L, Rodrigues A, Fowler D, Janecke AR, Müller T, Huber LA, Rodrigues-Lima F, Ruemmele FM, Uhlig HH, Del Bene F, Michaux G, Cerf-Bensussan N, Parlato M. UNC45A deficiency causes microvillus inclusion disease-like phenotype by impairing myosin VB-dependent apical trafficking. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154997. [PMID: 35575086 PMCID: PMC9106349 DOI: 10.1172/jci154997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the UNC45A cochaperone have been recently associated with a syndrome combining diarrhea, cholestasis, deafness, and bone fragility. Yet the mechanism underlying intestinal failure in UNC45A deficiency remains unclear. Here, biallelic variants in UNC45A were identified by next-generation sequencing in 6 patients with congenital diarrhea. Corroborating in silico prediction, variants either abolished UNC45A expression or altered protein conformation. Myosin VB was identified by mass spectrometry as client of the UNC45A chaperone and was found misfolded in UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells. In keeping with impaired myosin VB function, UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells showed abnormal epithelial morphogenesis that was restored by full-length UNC45A, but not by mutant alleles. Patients and UNC45AKO 3D organoids displayed altered luminal development and microvillus inclusions, while 2D cultures revealed Rab11 and apical transporter mislocalization as well as sparse and disorganized microvilli. All those features resembled the subcellular abnormalities observed in duodenal biopsies from patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Finally, microvillus inclusions and shortened microvilli were evidenced in enterocytes from unc45a-deficient zebrafish. Taken together, our results provide evidence that UNC45A plays an essential role in epithelial morphogenesis through its cochaperone function of myosin VB and that UNC45A loss causes a variant of microvillus inclusion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lebreton
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ophelie Nicolle
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR)–UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Revenu de Courtils
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Waich
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anis Khiat
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Racine
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Fédération Hospitalo–Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, and Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Júlia Baptista
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime M. Mahe
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institut für Histologie und Embryologie Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Béatrice Durel
- Cell Imaging Platform, INSERM-US24-CNRS UMS 3633 Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lefort
- iPS Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Banal
- iPS Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine–Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Talbotec
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lacaille
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Arzu Meltem Demir
- Ankara Child Health and Diseases, Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Georg F. Vogel
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Frank M. Ruemmele
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR)–UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Parlato
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
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Mutational Analysis of the Structure and Function of the Chaperoning Domain of UNC-45B. Biophys J 2020; 119:780-791. [PMID: 32755562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNC-45B is a multidomain molecular chaperone that is essential for the proper folding and assembly of myosin into muscle thick filaments in vivo. It has previously been demonstrated that the UCS domain is responsible for the chaperone-like properties of the UNC-45B. To better understand the chaperoning function of the UCS domain of the UNC-45B chaperone, we engineered mutations designed to 1) disrupt chaperone-client interactions by removing and altering the structure of a putative client-interacting loop and 2) disrupt chaperone-client interactions by changing highly conserved residues in a putative client-binding groove. We tested the effect of these mutations by using a, to our knowledge, novel combination of complementary biophysical assays (circular dichroism, chaperone activity, and small-angle x-ray scattering) and in vivo tools (Caenorhabditis elegans sarcomere structure). Removing the putative client-binding loop altered the secondary structure of the UCS domain (by decreasing the α-helix content), leading to a significant change in its solution conformation and a reduced chaperoning function. Additionally, we found that mutating several conserved residues in the putative client-binding groove did not alter the UCS domain secondary structure or structural stability but reduced its chaperoning activity. In vivo, these groove mutations were found to significantly alter the structure and organization of C. elegans sarcomeres. Furthermore, we tested the effect of R805W, a mutation distant from the putative client-binding region, which in humans, has been known to cause congenital and infantile cataracts. Our in vivo data show that, to our surprise, the R805W mutation appeared to have the most drastic detrimental effect on the structure and organization of the worm sarcomeres, indicating a crucial role of R805 in UCS-client interactions. Hence, our experimental approach combining biophysical and biological tools facilitates the study of myosin-chaperone interactions in mechanistic detail.
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9
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Dafsari HS, Kocaturk NM, Daimagüler HS, Brunn A, Dötsch J, Weis J, Deckert M, Cirak S. Bi-allelic mutations in uncoordinated mutant number-45 myosin chaperone B are a cause for congenital myopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:211. [PMID: 31852522 PMCID: PMC6921565 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital myopathies (CM) form a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by perinatal muscle weakness. Here, we report an 11-year old male offspring of consanguineous parents of Lebanese origin. He presented with proximal weakness including Gower’s sign, and skeletal muscle biopsy revealed myopathic changes with core-like structures. Whole exome sequencing of this index patient lead to the discovery of a novel genetically defined CM subtype based on bi-allelic mutations in the uncoordinated mutant number-45 myosin chaperone B (UNC45B) NM_173167:c.2261G > A, p.Arg754Gln. The mutation is conserved in evolution and co-segregates within the pedigree with the phenotype, and located in the myosin binding armadillo repeat domain 3 (ARM3), and has a CADD Score of 35. On a multimeric level, UNC45B aggregates to a chain which serves as an assembly line and functions as a “template” defining the geometry, regularity, and periodicity of myosin arranged into muscle thick filaments. Our discovery is in line with the previously described myopathological phenotypes in C. elegans and in vertebrate mutants and knockdown–models. In conclusion, we here report for the first time a patient with an UNC45B mutation causing a novel genetically defined congenital myopathy disease entity.
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10
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Hellerschmied D, Lehner A, Franicevic N, Arnese R, Johnson C, Vogel A, Meinhart A, Kurzbauer R, Deszcz L, Gazda L, Geeves M, Clausen T. Molecular features of the UNC-45 chaperone critical for binding and folding muscle myosin. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4781. [PMID: 31636255 PMCID: PMC6803673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is a motor protein that is essential for a variety of processes ranging from intracellular transport to muscle contraction. Folding and assembly of myosin relies on a specific chaperone, UNC-45. To address its substrate-targeting mechanism, we reconstitute the interplay between Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-45 and muscle myosin MHC-B in insect cells. In addition to providing a cellular chaperone assay, the established system enabled us to produce large amounts of functional muscle myosin, as evidenced by a biochemical and structural characterization, and to directly monitor substrate binding to UNC-45. Data from in vitro and cellular chaperone assays, together with crystal structures of binding-deficient UNC-45 mutants, highlight the importance of utilizing a flexible myosin-binding domain. This so-called UCS domain can adopt discrete conformations to efficiently bind and fold substrate. Moreover, our data uncover the molecular basis of temperature-sensitive UNC-45 mutations underlying one of the most prominent motility defects in C. elegans. Myosin, a motor protein essential for intracellular transport to muscle contraction, requires a chaperone UNC-45 for folding and assembly. Here authors use in vitro reconstitution and structural biology to characterize the interplay between UNC-45 and muscle myosin MHC-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hellerschmied
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria. .,Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Nina Franicevic
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renato Arnese
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chloe Johnson
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Antonia Vogel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Meinhart
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Kurzbauer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luiza Deszcz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Linn Gazda
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Geeves
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria. .,Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Eisa NH, Jilani Y, Kainth K, Redd P, Lu S, Bougrine O, Abdul Sater H, Patwardhan CA, Shull A, Shi H, Liu K, Elsherbiny NM, Eissa LA, El-Shishtawy MM, Horuzsko A, Bollag R, Maihle N, Roig J, Korkaya H, Cowell JK, Chadli A. The co-chaperone UNC45A is essential for the expression of mitotic kinase NEK7 and tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5246-5260. [PMID: 30737284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence suggests that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) co-chaperone UNC-45 myosin chaperone A (UNC45A) contributes to tumorigenesis and that its expression in cancer cells correlates with proliferation and metastasis of solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanism by which UNC45A regulates cancer cell proliferation remains largely unknown. Here, using siRNA-mediated gene silencing and various human cells, we report that UNC45A is essential for breast cancer cell growth, but is dispensable for normal cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence microscopy, along with gene microarray and RT-quantitative PCR analyses, revealed that UNC45A localizes to the cancer cell nucleus, where it up-regulates the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor and thereby promotes expression of the mitotic kinase NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7). We observed that UNC45A-deficient cancer cells exhibit extensive pericentrosomal material disorganization, as well as defects in centrosomal separation and mitotic chromosome alignment. Consequently, these cells stalled in metaphase and cytokinesis and ultimately underwent mitotic catastrophe, phenotypes that were rescued by heterologous NEK7 expression. Our results identify a key role for the co-chaperone UNC45A in cell proliferation and provide insight into the regulatory mechanism. We propose that UNC45A represents a promising new therapeutic target to inhibit cancer cell growth in solid tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Eisa
- From the Georgia Cancer Center.,the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | | | | | | | - Su Lu
- From the Georgia Cancer Center
| | - Oulia Bougrine
- the Department of Pathology, Augusta University, CN-3151, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Houssein Abdul Sater
- the Department of Pathology, Augusta University, CN-3151, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | | | | | | | - Kebin Liu
- the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | - Laila A Eissa
- the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | | | - Roni Bollag
- From the Georgia Cancer Center.,the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516.,the Georgia Cancer Center Biorepository, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, and
| | | | - Joan Roig
- the Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, c/Baldiri i Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Bujalowski PJ, Nicholls P, Garza E, Oberhauser AF. The central domain of UNC-45 chaperone inhibits the myosin power stroke. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:41-48. [PMID: 29321955 PMCID: PMC5757175 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidomain UNC-45B chaperone is crucial for the proper folding and function of sarcomeric myosin. We recently found that UNC-45B inhibits the translocation of actin by myosin. The main functions of the UCS and TPR domains are known but the role of the central domain remains obscure. Here, we show-using in vitro myosin motility and ATPase assays-that the central domain alone acts as an inhibitor of the myosin power stroke through a mechanism that allows ATP turnover. Hence, UNC-45B is a unique chaperone in which the TPR domain recruits Hsp90; the UCS domain possesses chaperone-like activities; and the central domain interacts with myosin and inhibits the actin translocation function of myosin. We hypothesize that the inhibitory function plays a critical role during the assembly of myofibrils under stress and during the sarcomere development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Bujalowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA
| | - Paul Nicholls
- Baylor College of Medicine The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA
| | - Eleno Garza
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA
| | - Andres F Oberhauser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA.,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA
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13
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Gul IS, Hulpiau P, Saeys Y, van Roy F. Metazoan evolution of the armadillo repeat superfamily. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:525-541. [PMID: 27497926 PMCID: PMC11107757 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of armadillo repeat proteins is a fascinating archetype of modular-binding proteins involved in various fundamental cellular processes, including cell-cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, nuclear import, and molecular signaling. Despite their diverse functions, they all share tandem armadillo (ARM) repeats, which stack together to form a conserved three-dimensional structure. This superhelical armadillo structure enables them to interact with distinct partners by wrapping around them. Despite the important functional roles of this superfamily, a comprehensive analysis of the composition, classification, and phylogeny of this protein superfamily has not been reported. Furthermore, relatively little is known about a subset of ARM proteins, and some of the current annotations of armadillo repeats are incomplete or incorrect, often due to high similarity with HEAT repeats. We identified the entire armadillo repeat superfamily repertoire in the human genome, annotated each armadillo repeat, and performed an extensive evolutionary analysis of the armadillo repeat proteins in both metazoan and premetazoan species. Phylogenetic analyses of the superfamily classified them into several discrete branches with members showing significant sequence homology, and often also related functions. Interestingly, the phylogenetic structure of the superfamily revealed that about 30 % of the members predate metazoans and represent an ancient subset, which is gradually evolving to acquire complex and highly diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sahin Gul
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, FSVM Building, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, FSVM Building, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, FSVM Building, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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14
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Hu J, Guo T, Pan WQ, Gan T, Wei J, Wang JP, Leng XJ, Li XQ. Cloning, molecular characterization, and expression analysis of the unc45 myosin chaperone b(unc45b)gene of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2016; 37:71-81. [PMID: 27334505 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-016-9445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unc45 myosin chaperone b(unc45b)gene is a molecular chaperone that mediates the folding, assembly and accumulation of thick-filament myosin in the formation of sarcomere, which plays an important role in the development of striated muscle and the stability of sarcomere. In this study, the complete cDNA sequence of unc45b gene of grass carp was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and the characteristics of the unc45b protein predicted from gene sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The differential expression pattern in tissues was also detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the full-length of unc45b gene of grass carp is 3163 bp, which contains a 60 bp 5'UTR, a 298 bp 3'UTR, and a 2865 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 934 amino acid peptide. The deduced unc45b protein exhibits a homology of 92, 86, 86 % with the protein of zebrafish (Danio rerio), channel catfish (Ietalurus punctatus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) respectively, and the protein contains UCS myosin head binding domain and TPR peptide repeat domain. The protein is a hydrophilic and non-secretory protein with a molecular mass and isoeletronic point of 103,699.8 and 7.39 Da. The structural elements of the protein includes α-helixes and loops, and the unc45b gene highly expresses in skeletal muscle and heart in grass carp. This study laid a foundation for further research in explaining the myofibril accumulation in crisped grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ting Guo
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wen-Qian Pan
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tian Gan
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Wei
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun-Peng Wang
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Leng
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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15
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Mueller C, Samoo A, Hammoudi PM, Klages N, Kallio JP, Kursula I, Soldati-Favre D. Structural and functional dissection of Toxoplasma gondii armadillo repeats only protein (TgARO). J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1031-45. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.177386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhoptries are club-shaped, regulated secretory organelles that cluster at the apical pole of apicomplexan parasites. Their discharge is essential for invasion and the establishment of an intracellular lifestyle. Little is known about rhoptry biogenesis and recycling during parasite division. In Toxoplasma gondii, positioning of rhoptries involves the armadillo repeats only protein (TgARO) and myosin F (TgMyoF). Here, we show that two TgARO partners, ARO interacting protein (TgAIP) and adenylate cyclase β (TgACβ) localize to a rhoptry subcompartment. In absence of TgAIP, TgACβ disappears from the rhoptries. By assessing the contribution of each TgARO armadillo (ARM) repeat, we provide evidence that TgARO is multifunctional, participating not only in positioning but also in clustering of rhoptries. Structural analyses show that TgARO resembles the myosin-binding domain of the myosin chaperone UNC-45. A conserved patch of aromatic and acidic residues denotes the putative TgMyoF-binding site, and the overall arrangement of the ARM repeats explains the dramatic consequences of deleting each of them. Lastly, Plasmodium falciparum ARO functionally complements TgARO depletion and interacts with the same partners, highlighting the conservation of rhoptry biogenesis in Apicomplexa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Atta Samoo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Mehdi Hammoudi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Klages
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Juha Pekka Kallio
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Inari Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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16
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Bujalowski PJ, Nicholls P, Oberhauser AF. UNC-45B chaperone: the role of its domains in the interaction with the myosin motor domain. Biophys J 2015; 107:654-661. [PMID: 25099804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper folding of many proteins can only be achieved by interaction with molecular chaperones. The molecular chaperone UNC-45B is required for the folding of striated muscle myosin II. However, the precise mechanism by which it contributes to proper folding of the myosin head remains unclear. UNC-45B contains three domains: an N-terminal TPR domain known to bind Hsp90, a Central domain of unknown function, and a C-terminal UCS domain known to interact with the myosin head. Here we used fluorescence titrations methods, dynamic light scattering, and single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) unfolding/refolding techniques to study the interactions of the UCS and Central domains with the myosin motor domain. We found that both the UCS and the Central domains bind to the myosin motor domain. Our data show that the domains bind to distinct subsites on the myosin head, suggesting distinct roles in forming the myosin-UNC-45B complex. To determine the chaperone activity of the UCS and Central domains, we used two different methods: 1), prevention of misfolding using single-molecule AFM, and 2), prevention of aggregation using dynamic light scattering. Using the first method, we found that the UCS domain is sufficient to prevent misfolding of a titin mechanical reporter. Application of the second method showed that the UCS domain but not the Central domain prevents the thermal aggregation of the myosin motor domain. We conclude that while both the UCS and the Central domains bind the myosin head with high affinity, only the UCS domain displays chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Bujalowski
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Paul Nicholls
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Andres F Oberhauser
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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17
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Abstract
The UCS (UNC-45/CRO1/She4p) family of proteins has emerged as chaperones that are specific for the folding, assembly and function of myosin. These proteins participate in various important myosin-dependent cellular processes that include myofibril organization and muscle functions, cell differentiation, cardiac and skeletal muscle development, cytokinesis and endocytosis. Mutations in the genes that code for UCS proteins cause serious defects in these actomyosin-based processes. Homologs of UCS proteins can be broadly divided into (1) animal UCS proteins, generally known as UNC-45 proteins, which contain an N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain in addition to the canonical UCS domain, and (2) fungal UCS proteins, which lack the TPR domain. Structurally, except for TPR domain, both sub-classes of UCS proteins comprise of several irregular armadillo (ARM) repeats that are divided into two-domain architecture: a combined central-neck domain and a C-terminal UCS domain. Structural analyses suggest that UNC-45 proteins form elongated oligomers that serve as scaffolds to recruit Hsp90 and/or Hsp70 to form a multi-protein chaperoning complex that assists myosin heads to fold and simultaneously organize them into myofibrils. Similarly, fungal UCS proteins may dimerize to promote folding of non-muscle myosins as well as determine their step size along actin filaments. These findings confirm UCS proteins as a new class of myosin-specific chaperones and co-chaperones for Hsp90. This chapter reviews the implications of the outcome of studies on these proteins in cellular processes such as muscle formation, and disease states such as myopathies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Ni
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA,
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18
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Thermally-induced structural changes in an armadillo repeat protein suggest a novel thermosensor mechanism in a molecular chaperone. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:123-30. [PMID: 25436418 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are commonly identified by their ability to suppress heat-induced protein aggregation. The muscle-specific molecular chaperone UNC-45B is known to be involved in myosin folding and is trafficked to the sarcomeres A-band during thermal stress. Here, we identify temperature-dependent structural changes in the UCS chaperone domain of UNC-45B that occur within a physiologically relevant heat-shock range. We show that distinct changes to the armadillo repeat protein topology result in exposure of hydrophobic patches, and increased flexibility of the molecule. These rearrangements suggest the existence of a novel thermosensor within the chaperone domain of UNC-45B. We propose that these changes may function to suppress aggregation under stress by allowing binding to a wide variety of aggregation prone loops on its client.
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19
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Bookwalter CS, Kelsen A, Leung JM, Ward GE, Trybus KM. A Toxoplasma gondii class XIV myosin, expressed in Sf9 cells with a parasite co-chaperone, requires two light chains for fast motility. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30832-30841. [PMID: 25231988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.572453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diverse myosin classes can be expressed using the baculovirus/Sf9 insect cell expression system, whereas others have been recalcitrant. We hypothesized that most myosins utilize Sf9 cell chaperones, but others require an organism-specific co-chaperone. TgMyoA, a class XIVa myosin from the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is required for the parasite to efficiently move and invade host cells. The T. gondii genome contains one UCS family myosin co-chaperone (TgUNC). TgMyoA expressed in Sf9 cells was soluble and functional only if the heavy and light chain(s) were co-expressed with TgUNC. The tetratricopeptide repeat domain of TgUNC was not essential to obtain functional myosin, implying that there are other mechanisms to recruit Hsp90. Purified TgMyoA heavy chain complexed with its regulatory light chain (TgMLC1) moved actin in a motility assay at a speed of ∼1.5 μm/s. When a putative essential light chain (TgELC1) was also bound, TgMyoA moved actin at more than twice that speed (∼3.4 μm/s). This result implies that two light chains bind to and stabilize the lever arm, the domain that amplifies small motions at the active site into the larger motions that propel actin at fast speeds. Our results show that the TgMyoA domain structure is more similar to other myosins than previously appreciated and provide a molecular explanation for how it moves actin at fast speeds. The ability to express milligram quantities of a class XIV myosin in a heterologous system paves the way for detailed structure-function analysis of TgMyoA and identification of small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol S Bookwalter
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Anne Kelsen
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Jacqueline M Leung
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Gary E Ward
- Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405.
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405.
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20
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Smith DA, Carland CR, Guo Y, Bernstein SI. Getting Folded: Chaperone Proteins in Muscle Development, Maintenance and Disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1637-49. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Smith
- Department of Biology, The Molecular Biology Institute; San Diego State University; San Diego California
| | - Carmen R. Carland
- Department of Biology, The Molecular Biology Institute; San Diego State University; San Diego California
| | - Yiming Guo
- Department of Biology, The Molecular Biology Institute; San Diego State University; San Diego California
| | - Sanford I. Bernstein
- Department of Biology, The Molecular Biology Institute; San Diego State University; San Diego California
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21
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The myosin chaperone UNC45B is involved in lens development and autosomal dominant juvenile cataract. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1290-7. [PMID: 24549050 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide linkage analysis, followed by targeted deep sequencing, in a Danish multigeneration family with juvenile cataract revealed a region of chromosome 17 co-segregating with the disease trait. Affected individuals were heterozygous for two potentially protein-disrupting alleles in this region, in ACACA and UNC45B. As alterations of the UNC45B protein have been shown to affect eye development in model organisms, effort was focused on the heterozygous UNC45B missense mutation. UNC45B encodes a myosin-specific chaperone that, together with the general heat shock protein HSP90, is involved in myosin assembly. The mutation changes p.Arg805 to Trp in the UCS domain, an amino acid that is highly conserved from yeast to human. UNC45B is strongly expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle tissue, but here we show expression in human embryo eye and zebrafish lens. The zebrafish mutant steif, carrying an unc45b nonsense mutation, has smaller eyes than wild-type embryos and shows accumulation of nuclei in the lens. Injection of RNA encoding the human wild-type UNC45B protein into the steif homozygous embryo reduced the nuclei accumulation and injection of human mutant UNC45B cDNA in wild-type embryos resulted in development of a phenotype similar to the steif mutant. The p.Arg805Trp alteration in the mammalian UNC45B gene suggests that developmental cataract may be caused by a defect in non-muscle myosin assembly during maturation of the lens fiber cells.
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22
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Lee CF, Melkani GC, Bernstein SI. The UNC-45 myosin chaperone: from worms to flies to vertebrates. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 313:103-44. [PMID: 25376491 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800177-6.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNC-45 (uncoordinated mutant number 45) is a UCS (UNC-45, CRO1, She4p) domain protein that is critical for myosin stability and function. It likely aides in folding myosin during cellular differentiation and maintenance, and protects myosin from denaturation during stress. Invertebrates have a single unc-45 gene that is expressed in both muscle and nonmuscle tissues. Vertebrates possess one gene expressed in striated muscle (unc-45b) and another that is more generally expressed (unc-45a). Structurally, UNC-45 is composed of a series of α-helices connected by loops. It has an N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain that binds to Hsp90 and a central domain composed of armadillo repeats. Its C-terminal UCS domain, which is also comprised of helical armadillo repeats, interacts with myosin. In this chapter, we present biochemical, structural, and genetic analyses of UNC-45 in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and various vertebrates. Further, we provide insights into UNC-45 functions, its potential mechanism of action, and its roles in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi F Lee
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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23
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Hellerschmied D, Clausen T. Myosin chaperones. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 25:9-15. [PMID: 24440450 PMCID: PMC4045384 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The folding and assembly of myosin motor proteins is essential for most movement processes at the cellular, but also at the organism level. Importantly, myosins, which represent a very diverse family of proteins, require the activity of general and specialized folding factors to develop their full motor function. The activities of the myosin-specific UCS (UNC-45/Cro1/She4) chaperones range from assisting acto-myosin dependent transport processes to scaffolding multi-subunit chaperone complexes, which are required to assemble myofilaments. Recent structure-function studies revealed the structural organization of TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat)-containing and TPR-less UCS chaperones. The observed structural differences seem to reflect the specialized and remarkably versatile working mechanisms of myosin-directed chaperones, as will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hellerschmied
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Abstract
Research on Caenorhabditis elegans has led to the discovery of the consequences of mutation in myosin, its associated proteins, and the extracellular matrix-membrane cytoskeleton complex. Key results include understanding thick filament structure and assembly, the regulation of sarcomeric protein turnover, and the organization of thick and thin filaments into ordered sarcomeres. These results are critical to studies of cardiovascular diseases such as the cardiomyopathies, congenital septal defects, aneurysms of the thoracic aorta, and cardiac remodeling in heart failure.
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Fratev F, Ósk Jónsdóttir S, Pajeva I. Structural insight into the UNC-45-myosin complex. Proteins 2013; 81:1212-21. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Svava Ósk Jónsdóttir
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment; Technical University of Denmark; National Food Institute; DK-2860 S⊘borg; Denmark
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; 1113 Sofia; Bulgaria
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The myosin chaperone UNC-45 is organized in tandem modules to support myofilament formation in C. elegans. Cell 2013; 152:183-95. [PMID: 23332754 PMCID: PMC3549490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The UCS (UNC-45/CRO1/She4) chaperones play an evolutionarily conserved role in promoting myosin-dependent processes, including cytokinesis, endocytosis, RNA transport, and muscle development. To investigate the protein machinery orchestrating myosin folding and assembly, we performed a comprehensive analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-45. Our structural and biochemical data demonstrate that UNC-45 forms linear protein chains that offer multiple binding sites for cooperating chaperones and client proteins. Accordingly, Hsp70 and Hsp90, which bind to the TPR domain of UNC-45, could act in concert and with defined periodicity on captured myosin molecules. In vivo analyses reveal the elongated canyon of the UCS domain as a myosin-binding site and show that multimeric UNC-45 chains support organization of sarcomeric repeats. In fact, expression of transgenes blocking UNC-45 chain formation induces dominant-negative defects in the sarcomere structure and function of wild-type worms. Together, these findings uncover a filament assembly factor that directly couples myosin folding with myofilament formation.
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Ni W, Hutagalung AH, Li S, Epstein HF. The myosin-binding UCS domain but not the Hsp90-binding TPR domain of the UNC-45 chaperone is essential for function in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Sci 2012; 124:3164-73. [PMID: 21914819 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.087320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The UNC-45 family of molecular chaperones is expressed in metazoan organisms from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. The UNC-45 protein is essential in C. elegans for early body-wall muscle cell development and A-band assembly. We show that the myosin-binding UCS domain of UNC-45 alone is sufficient to rescue lethal unc-45 null mutants arrested in embryonic muscle development and temperature-sensitive loss-of-function unc-45 mutants defective in worm A-band assembly. Removal of the Hsp90-binding TPR domain of UNC-45 does not affect rescue. Similar results were obtained with overexpression of the same fragments in wild-type nematodes when assayed for diminution of myosin accumulation and assembly. Titration experiments show that, on a per molecule basis, UCS has greater activity in C. elegans muscle in vivo than full-length UNC-45 protein, suggesting that UNC-45 is inhibited by either the TPR domain or its interaction with the general chaperone Hsp90. In vitro experiments with purified recombinant C. elegans Hsp90 and UNC-45 proteins show that they compete for binding to C. elegans myosin. Our in vivo genetic and in vitro biochemical experiments are consistent with a novel inhibitory role for Hsp90 with respect to UNC-45 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Ni
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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At the Start of the Sarcomere: A Previously Unrecognized Role for Myosin Chaperones and Associated Proteins during Early Myofibrillogenesis. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:712315. [PMID: 22400118 PMCID: PMC3287041 DOI: 10.1155/2012/712315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of striated muscle in vertebrates requires the assembly of contractile myofibrils, consisting of highly ordered bundles of protein filaments. Myofibril formation occurs by the stepwise addition of complex proteins, a process that is mediated by a variety of molecular chaperones and quality control factors. Most notably, myosin of the thick filament requires specialized chaperone activity during late myofibrillogenesis, including that of Hsp90 and its cofactor, Unc45b. Unc45b has been proposed to act exclusively as an adaptor molecule, stabilizing interactions between Hsp90 and myosin; however, recent discoveries in zebrafish and C. elegans suggest the possibility of an earlier role for Unc45b during myofibrillogenesis. This role may involve functional control of nonmuscle myosins during the earliest stages of myogenesis, when premyofibril scaffolds are first formed from dynamic cytoskeletal actin. This paper will outline several lines of evidence that converge to build a model for Unc45b activity during early myofibrillogenesis.
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Melkani GC, Bodmer R, Ocorr K, Bernstein SI. The UNC-45 chaperone is critical for establishing myosin-based myofibrillar organization and cardiac contractility in the Drosophila heart model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22579. [PMID: 21799905 PMCID: PMC3143160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNC-45 is a UCS (UNC-45/CRO1/She4P) class chaperone necessary for myosin folding and/or accumulation, but its requirement for maintaining cardiac contractility has not been explored. Given the prevalence of myosin mutations in eliciting cardiomyopathy, chaperones like UNC-45 are likely to be equally critical in provoking or modulating myosin-associated cardiomyopathy. Here, we used the Drosophila heart model to examine its role in cardiac physiology, in conjunction with RNAi-mediated gene silencing specifically in the heart in vivo. Analysis of cardiac physiology was carried out using high-speed video recording in conjunction with movement analysis algorithms. unc-45 knockdown resulted in severely compromised cardiac function in adults as evidenced by prolonged diastolic and systolic intervals, and increased incidence of arrhythmias and extreme dilation; the latter was accompanied by a significant reduction in muscle contractility. Structural analysis showed reduced myofibrils, myofibrillar disarray, and greatly decreased cardiac myosin accumulation. Cardiac unc-45 silencing also dramatically reduced life-span. In contrast, third instar larval and young pupal hearts showed mild cardiac abnormalities, as severe cardiac defects only developed during metamorphosis. Furthermore, cardiac unc-45 silencing in the adult heart (after metamorphosis) led to less severe phenotypes. This suggests that UNC-45 is mostly required for myosin accumulation/folding during remodeling of the forming adult heart. The cardiac defects, myosin deficit and decreased life-span in flies upon heart-specific unc-45 knockdown were significantly rescued by UNC-45 over-expression. Our results are the first to demonstrate a cardiac-specific requirement of a chaperone in Drosophila, suggestive of a critical role of UNC-45 in cardiomyopathies, including those associated with unfolded proteins in the failing human heart. The dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype associated with UNC-45 deficiency is mimicked by myosin knockdown suggesting that UNC-45 plays a crucial role in stabilizing myosin and possibly preventing human cardiomyopathies associated with functional deficiencies of myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish C. Melkani
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SIB); (KO)
| | - Sanford I. Bernstein
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute and Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SIB); (KO)
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Differential turnover of myosin chaperone UNC-45A isoforms increases in metastatic human breast cancer. J Mol Biol 2011; 412:365-78. [PMID: 21802425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNC-45A is a molecular chaperone targeted to non-muscle myosins and is essential for cell division. Here, we show that UNC-45A mRNA and protein expression was elevated in human breast carcinomas and cell lines derived from breast carcinoma metastases. Moreover, small hairpin RNA knockdowns of endogenously overexpressed UNC-45A in the most metastatic cell line led to significant decreases in the rates of cell proliferation and invasion, concomitant with reduction in the interaction of myosin II with actin filaments. Exploring the mechanism of these findings further, we found that UNC-45A is alternatively expressed at the mRNA and protein levels as two isoforms. The two isoforms differ only by a proline-rich 15-amino-acid sequence near the amino-terminus. In the increased expression with metastatic activity, the ratio of the isoform mRNAs remained constant, but the 929-amino-acid protein isoform showed increases up to about 3-fold in comparison to the 944-amino-acid isoform. The differential accumulation was explained by cellular labeling experiments that showed that the 944 isoform is degraded at a 5-fold greater rate than the 929 isoform and that this degradation required the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Lee CF, Melkani GC, Yu Q, Suggs JA, Kronert WA, Suzuki Y, Hipolito L, Price MG, Epstein HF, Bernstein SI. Drosophila UNC-45 accumulates in embryonic blastoderm and in muscles, and is essential for muscle myosin stability. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:699-705. [PMID: 21285246 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.078964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
UNC-45 is a chaperone that facilitates folding of myosin motor domains. We have used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the role of UNC-45 in muscle development and function. Drosophila UNC-45 (dUNC-45) is expressed at all developmental stages. It colocalizes with non-muscle myosin in embryonic blastoderm of 2-hour-old embryos. At 14 hours, it accumulates most strongly in embryonic striated muscles, similarly to muscle myosin. dUNC-45 localizes to the Z-discs of sarcomeres in third instar larval body-wall muscles. We produced a dunc-45 mutant in which zygotic expression is disrupted. This results in nearly undetectable dUNC-45 levels in maturing embryos as well as late embryonic lethality. Muscle myosin accumulation is robust in dunc-45 mutant embryos at 14 hours. However, myosin is dramatically decreased in the body-wall muscles of 22-hour-old mutant embryos. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed only a few thick filaments and irregular thick-thin filament lattice spacing. The lethality, defective protein accumulation, and ultrastructural abnormalities are rescued with a wild-type dunc-45 transgene, indicating that the mutant phenotypes arise from the dUNC-45 deficiency. Overall, our data indicate that dUNC-45 is important for myosin accumulation and muscle function. Furthermore, our results suggest that dUNC-45 acts post-translationally for proper myosin folding and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi F Lee
- Department of Biology and the Molecular Biology Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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