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Eden M, Leye M, Hahn J, Heilein E, Luzarowski M, Völschow B, Tannert C, Sossalla S, Lucena-Porcel C, Frank D, Frey N. Mst4, a novel cardiac STRIPAK complex-associated kinase, regulates cardiomyocyte growth and survival and is upregulated in human cardiomyopathy. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107255. [PMID: 38579991 PMCID: PMC11087964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial failure is associated with adverse remodeling, including loss of cardiomyocytes, hypertrophy, and alterations in cell-cell contacts. Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes and their mammalian STE20-like kinase 4 (Mst4) have been linked to development of different diseases. The role and targets of Mst4 in cardiomyocytes have not been investigated yet. Multitissue immunoblot experiments show highly enriched Mst4 expression in rodent hearts. Analyses of human biopsy samples from patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy revealed that Mst4 is upregulated (5- to 8-fold p < 0.001) compared with nonfailing controls. Increased abundance of Mst4 could also be detected in mouse models of cardiomyopathy. We confirmed that Mst4 interacts with STRIPAK components in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, indicating that STRIPAK is present in the heart. Immunofluorescence stainings and molecular interaction studies revealed that Mst4 is localized to the intercalated disc and interacts with several intercalated disc proteins. Overexpression of Mst4 in cardiomyocytes results in hypertrophy compared with controls. In adult rat cardiomyocytes, Mst4 overexpression increases cellular and sarcomeric fractional shortening (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced contractility. Overexpression of Mst4 also inhibits apoptosis shown by reduction of cleaved caspase3 (-69%, p < 0.0001), caspase7 (-80%, p < 0.0001), and cleaved Parp1 (-27%, p < 0.001). To elucidate potential Mst4 targets, we performed phosphoproteomics analyses in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes after Mst4 overexpression and inhibition. The results revealed target candidates of Mst4 at the intercalated disc. We identified Mst4 as a novel cardiac kinase that is upregulated in cardiomyopathy-regulating cardiomyocyte growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Eden
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Leye
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justus Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Heilein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcin Luzarowski
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Center for Molecular Biology at Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bill Völschow
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Kiel, Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christin Tannert
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Kiel, Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Cardiology, University of Giessen, Giessen and Kerckhoff Heart and Lung Centre, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlota Lucena-Porcel
- Tissue Bank of the National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Kiel, Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Mannheim/Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ferdaus MZ, Koumangoye RB, Welling PA, Delpire E. Kinase Scaffold Cab39 Is Necessary for Phospho-Activation of the Thiazide-Sensitive NCC. Hypertension 2024; 81:801-810. [PMID: 38258567 PMCID: PMC10954405 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium regulates the WNK (with no lysine kinase)-SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) signaling axis, which in turn controls the phosphorylation and activation of the distal convoluted tubule thiazide-sensitive NCC (sodium-chloride cotransporter) for sodium-potassium balance. Although their roles in the kidney have not been investigated, it has been postulated that Cab39 (calcium-binding protein 39) or Cab39l (Cab39-like) is required for SPAK/OSR1 (oxidative stress response 1) activation. This study demonstrates how they control the WNK-SPAK/OSR1-NCC pathway. METHODS We created a global knockout of Cab39l and a tamoxifen-inducible, NCC-driven, Cab39 knockout. The 2 lines were crossed to generate Cab39-DKO (Cab39 double knockout) animals. Mice were studied under control and low-potassium diet, which activates WNK-SPAK/OSR1-NCC phosphorylation. Western blots were used to assess the expression and phosphorylation of proteins. Blood and urine electrolytes were measured to test for compromised NCC function. Immunofluorescence studies were conducted to localize SPAK and OSR1. RESULTS Both Cab39l and Cab39 are expressed in distal convoluted tubule, and only the elimination of both leads to a striking absence of NCC phosphorylation. Cab39-DKO mice exhibited a loss-of-NCC function, like in Gitelman syndrome. In contrast to the apical membrane colocalization of SPAK with NCC in wild-type mice, SPAK and OSR1 become confined to intracellular puncta in the Cab39-DKO mice. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of Cab39 proteins, NCC cannot be phosphorylated, resulting in a Gitelman-like phenotype. Cab39 proteins function to localize SPAK at the apical membrane with NCC, reminiscent of the Cab39 yeast homolog function, translocating kinases during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Ferdaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (M.Z.F, R.B.K., E.D.)
| | - Rainelli B Koumangoye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (M.Z.F, R.B.K., E.D.)
| | - Paul A Welling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.A.W.)
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (M.Z.F, R.B.K., E.D.)
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Cao J, Ji L, Zhan Y, Shao X, Xu P, Wu B, Chen P, Cheng L, Zhuang X, Ou Y, Hua F, Sun L, Li F, Chen H, Zhou Z, Cheng Y. MST4 kinase regulates immune thrombocytopenia by phosphorylating STAT1-mediated M1 polarization of macrophages. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1413-1427. [PMID: 37833401 PMCID: PMC10687271 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hemorrhagic disorder in which macrophages play a critical role. Mammalian sterile-20-like kinase 4 (MST4), a member of the germinal-center kinase STE20 family, has been demonstrated to be a regulator of inflammation. Whether MST4 participates in the macrophage-dependent inflammation of ITP remains elusive. The expression and function of MST4 in macrophages of ITP patients and THP-1 cells, and of a macrophage-specific Mst4-/- (Mst4ΔM/ΔM) ITP mouse model were determined. Macrophage phagocytic assays, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP), mass spectrometry (MS), bioinformatics analysis, and phosphoproteomics analysis were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of the MST4 gene were elevated in the expanded M1-like macrophages of ITP patients, and this elevated expression of MST4 was restored to basal levels in patients with remission after high-dose dexamethasone treatment. The expression of the MST4 gene was significantly elevated in THP-1-derived M1 macrophages. Silencing of MST4 decreased the expression of M1 macrophage markers and cytokines, and impaired phagocytosis, which could be increased by overexpression of MST4. In a passive ITP mouse model, macrophage-specific depletion of Mst4 reduced the numbers of M1 macrophages in the spleen and peritoneal lavage fluid, attenuated the expression of M1 cytokines, and promoted the predominance of FcγRIIb in splenic macrophages, which resulted in amelioration of thrombocytopenia. Downregulation of MST4 directly inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation, which is essential for M1 polarization of macrophages. Our study elucidates a critical role for MST4 kinase in the pathology of ITP and identifies MST4 kinase as a potential therapeutic target for refractory ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanxia Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Boting Wu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luya Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Fanli Hua
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China.
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Ren X, Sun J, Wen Y, Guo Z, Ma Q. Tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative protein analysis-based proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) validation revealed that MST4 accelerates osteosarcoma proliferation by increasing MRC2 activity. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1338-1354. [PMID: 37378424 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common orthopedic malignancies and is characterized by rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis. Currently, research on methods to inhibit osteosarcoma proliferation is still limited. In this study, we found that MST4 levels were significantly increased in osteosarcoma cell lines and tumor tissues compared to normal controls and demonstrated that MST4 is an influential factor in promoting osteosarcoma proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Proteomic analysis was performed on osteosarcoma cells in the MST4 overexpression and vector expression groups, and 545 significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified and quantified. The candidate differentially expressed protein MRC2 was then identified using parallel reaction monitoring validation. Subsequently, MRC2 expression was silenced with small interfering RNA (siRNA), and we were surprised to find that this alteration affected the cell cycle of MST4-overexpressing osteosarcoma cells, promoted apoptosis and impaired the positive regulation of osteosarcoma growth by MST4. In conclusion, this study identified a novel approach for suppressing osteosarcoma proliferation. Reduction of MRC2 activity inhibits osteosarcoma proliferation in patients with high MST4 expression by altering the cell cycle, which may be valuable for treating osteosarcoma and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Oncology Institute, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Oncology Institute, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingguang Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Oncology Institute, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Oncology Institute, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhua Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Oncology Institute, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Oncology Institute, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Oncology Institute, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Weingartner KA, Tran T, Tripp KW, Kavran JM. Dimerization and autophosphorylation of the MST family of kinases are controlled by the same set of residues. Biochem J 2023; 480:1165-1182. [PMID: 37459121 PMCID: PMC10500444 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls tissue growth and regulates stem cell fate through the activities of core kinase cassette that begins with the Sterile 20-like kinase MST1/2. Activation of MST1/2 relies on trans-autophosphorylation but the details of the mechanisms regulating that reaction are not fully elucidated. Proposals include dimerization as a first step and include multiple models for potential kinase-domain dimers. Efforts to verify and link these dimers to trans-autophosphorylation were unsuccessful. We explored the link between dimerization and trans-autophosphorylation for MST2 and the entire family of MST kinases. We analyzed crystal lattice contacts of structures of MST kinases and identified an ensemble of kinase-domain dimers compatible with trans-autophosphorylation. These dimers share a common dimerization interface comprised of the activation loop and αG-helix while the arrangements of the kinase-domains within the dimer varied depending on their activation state. We then verified the dimerization interface and determined its function using MST2. Variants bearing alanine substitutions of the αG-helix prevented dimerization of the MST2 kinase domain both in solution and in cells. These substitutions also blocked autophosphorylation of full-length MST2 and its Drosophila homolog Hippo in cells. These variants retain the same secondary structure as wild-type and capacity to phosphorylate a protein substrate, indicating the loss of MST2 activation can be directly attributed to a loss of dimerization rather than loss of either fold or catalytic function. Together this data functionally links dimerization and autophosphorylation for MST2 and suggests this activation mechanism is conserved across both species and the entire MST family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler A. Weingartner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katherine W. Tripp
- The T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer M. Kavran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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6
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Caputo M, Xia Y, Anand SK, Cansby E, Andersson E, Marschall HU, Königsrainer A, Peter A, Mahlapuu M. STE20-type kinases MST3 and MST4 promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence from human cell culture and expression profiling of liver biopsies. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23105. [PMID: 37490000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300397rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal and fastest growing malignancies. Recently, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, cell injury (hepatocyte ballooning), and different stages of fibrosis, has emerged as a major catalyst for HCC. Because the STE20-type kinases, MST3 and MST4, have been described as critical molecular regulators of NASH pathophysiology, we here focused on determining the relevance of these proteins in human HCC. By analyzing public datasets and in-house cohorts, we found that hepatic MST3 and MST4 expression was positively correlated with the incidence and severity of HCC. We also found that the silencing of both MST3 and MST4, but also either of them individually, markedly suppressed the tumorigenesis of human HCC cells including attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic investigations revealed lower activation of STAT3 signaling in MST3/MST4-deficient hepatocytes and identified GOLGA2 and STRIPAK complex as the binding partners of both MST3 and MST4. These findings reveal that MST3 and MST4 play a critical role in promoting the progression of HCC and suggest that targeting these kinases may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hudson J, Paul S, Veraksa A, Ghabrial A, Harvey KF, Poon C. NDR kinase tricornered genetically interacts with Ccm3 and metabolic enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster tracheal development. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:6991444. [PMID: 36653023 PMCID: PMC9997570 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Germinal Center Kinase III (GckIII) pathway is a Hippo-like kinase module defined by sequential activation of Ste20 kinases Thousand and One (Tao) and GckIII, followed by nuclear dbf2-related (NDR) kinase Tricornered (Trc). We previously uncovered a role for the GckIII pathway in Drosophila melanogaster tracheal (respiratory) tube morphology. The trachea form a network of branched epithelial tubes essential for oxygen transport, and are structurally analogous to branched tubular organs in vertebrates, such as the vascular system. In the absence of GckIII pathway function, aberrant dilations form in tracheal tubes characterized by mislocalized junctional and apical proteins, suggesting that the pathway is important in maintaining tube integrity in development. Here, we observed a genetic interaction between trc and Cerebral cavernous malformations 3 (Ccm3), the Drosophila ortholog of a human vascular disease gene, supporting our hypothesis that the GckIII pathway functions downstream of Ccm3 in trachea, and potentially in the vertebrate cerebral vasculature. However, how GckIII pathway signaling is regulated and the mechanisms that underpin its function in tracheal development are unknown. We undertook biochemical and genetic approaches to identify proteins that interact with Trc, the most downstream GckIII pathway kinase. We found that known GckIII and NDR scaffold proteins are likely to control GckIII pathway signaling in tracheal development, consistent with their conserved roles in Hippo-like modules. Furthermore, we show genetic interactions between trc and multiple enzymes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting a potential function of the GckIII pathway in integrating cellular energy requirements with maintenance of tube integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hudson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sayantanee Paul
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Alexey Veraksa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Amin Ghabrial
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Carole Poon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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8
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Sheetz JB, Lemmon MA. Looking lively: emerging principles of pseudokinase signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:875-891. [PMID: 35585008 PMCID: PMC9464697 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Progress towards understanding catalytically 'dead' protein kinases - pseudokinases - in biology and disease has hastened over the past decade. An especially lively area for structural biology, pseudokinases appear to be strikingly similar to their kinase relatives, despite lacking key catalytic residues. Distinct active- and inactive-like conformation states, which are crucial for regulating bona fide protein kinases, are conserved in pseudokinases and appear to be essential for function. We discuss recent structural data on conformational transitions and nucleotide binding by pseudokinases, from which some common principles emerge. In both pseudokinases and bona fide kinases, a conformational toggle appears to control the ability to interact with signaling effectors. We also discuss how biasing this conformational toggle may provide opportunities to target pseudokinases pharmacologically in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Sheetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06505, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Mark A Lemmon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06505, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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9
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Mahlapuu M, Caputo M, Xia Y, Cansby E. GCKIII kinases in lipotoxicity: Roles in NAFLD and beyond. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2613-2622. [PMID: 35641240 PMCID: PMC9512487 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by excessive accumulation of lipid droplets within hepatocytes. The STE20‐type kinases comprising the germinal center kinase III (GCKIII) subfamily – MST3, MST4, and STK25 – decorate intrahepatocellular lipid droplets and have recently emerged as critical regulators of the initiation and progression of NAFLD. While significant advancement has been made toward deciphering the role of GCKIII kinases in hepatic fat accumulation (i.e., steatosis) as well as the aggravation of NAFLD into its severe form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), much remains to be resolved. This review provides a brief overview of the recent studies in patient cohorts, cultured human cells, and mouse models, which have characterized the function of MST3, MST4, and STK25 in the regulation of hepatic lipid accretion, meta‐inflammation, and associated cell damage in the context of NAFLD/NASH. We also highlight the conflicting data and emphasize future research directions that are needed to advance our understanding of GCKIII kinases as potential targets in the therapy of NAFLD and its comorbidities. Conclusions: Several lines of evidence suggest that GCKIII proteins govern the susceptibility to hepatic lipotoxicity and that pharmacological inhibition of these kinases could mitigate NAFLD development and aggravation. Comprehensive characterization of the molecular mode‐of‐action of MST3, MST4, and STK25 in hepatocytes as well as extrahepatic tissues is important, especially in relation to their impact on carcinogenesis, to fully understand the efficacy as well as safety of GCKIII antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fisher OS, Li X, Liu W, Zhang R, Boggon TJ. Crystallographic Studies of the Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2152:291-302. [PMID: 32524560 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0640-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are dysplasias that primarily occur in the neurovasculature, and are associated with mutations in three genes: KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10, the protein products of which are KRIT1 (Krev/Rap1 Interaction Trapped 1; CCM1, cerebral cavernous malformations 1), CCM2 (cerebral cavernous malformations 2; OSM, osmosensing scaffold for MEKK3), and CCM3 (cerebral cavernous malformations 3; PDCD10, programmed cell death 10). Until recently, these proteins were relatively understudied at the molecular level, and only three folded domains were documented. These were a band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM), and an ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) in KRIT1, and a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain in CCM2. Over the past 10 years, a crystallographic approach has been used to discover a series of previously unidentified domains within the CCM proteins. These include a non-functional Nudix (or pseudonudix) domain in KRIT1, a harmonin homology domain (HHD) in CCM2, and dimerization and focal adhesion targeting (FAT)-homology domains within CCM3. Many of the roles of these domains have been revealed by structure-guided studies that show the CCM proteins can directly interact with one another to form a signaling scaffold, and that the "CCM complex" functions in signal transduction by interacting with other binding partners, including ICAP1, RAP1, and MEKK3. In this chapter, we describe the crystallization of CCM protein domains alone, and with their interaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana S Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Abcam Inc., Branford, CT, USA
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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11
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Luan D, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Chu Z, Ma L, Xu Y, Zhao S. MST4 modulates the neuro-inflammatory response by regulating IκBα signaling pathway and affects the early outcome of experimental ischemic stroke in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 154:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Li Y, Guan J, Wang W, Hou C, Zhou L, Ma J, Cheng Y, Jiao S, Zhou Z. TRAF3-interacting JNK-activating modulator promotes inflammation by stimulating translocation of Toll-like receptor 4 to lipid rafts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2744-2756. [PMID: 30573680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key players of the innate immune system and contribute to inflammation and pathogen clearance. Although TLRs have been extensively studied, it remains unclear how exactly bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced conformational changes of the extracellular domain of the TLRs trigger the dimerization of their intracellular domain across the plasma membrane and thereby stimulate downstream signaling. Here, using LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages and murine macrophages along with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence and quantitative analyses, we report that in response to inflammatory stimuli, the coiled-coil protein TRAF3-interacting JNK-activating modulator (T3JAM) associates with TLR4, promotes its translocation to lipid rafts, and thereby enhances macrophage-mediated inflammation. T3JAM overexpression increased and T3JAM depletion decreased TLR4 signaling through both the MyD88-dependent pathway and TLR4 endocytosis. Importantly, deletion or mutation of T3JAM to disrupt its coiled-coil-mediated homoassociation abrogated TLR4 recruitment to lipid rafts. Consistently, T3JAM depletion in mice dampened TLR4 signaling and alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory damage. Collectively, our findings reveal an additional molecular mechanism by which TLR4 activity is regulated and suggest that T3JAM may function as a molecular clamp to "tighten up" TLR4 and facilitate its translocation to lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Jingmin Guan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Wenjia Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Chun Hou
- the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, and
| | - Li Zhou
- the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, and
| | - Jian Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- the Department of Hematology and Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031,
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, .,the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, and
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13
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Architecture, substructures, and dynamic assembly of STRIPAK complexes in Hippo signaling. Cell Discov 2019; 5:3. [PMID: 30622739 PMCID: PMC6323126 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAKs) are evolutionarily conserved supramolecular complexes, which have been implicated in the Hippo signaling pathway. Yet the topological structure and dynamic assembly of STRIPAK complexes remain elusive. Here, we report the overall architecture and substructures of a Hippo kinase-containing STRIPAK complex. PP2Aa/c-bound STRN3 directly contacts the Hippo kinase MST2 and also controls the loading of MST2 via two “arms” in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, one arm being STRIP1 and the other SIKE1-SLMAP. A decreased cell density triggered the dissociation of the STRIP1 arm from STRIPAK, reflecting the dynamic assembly of the complex upon sensing upstream signals. Crystallographic studies defined at atomic resolution the interface between STRN3 and SIKE1, and that between SIKE1 and SLMAP. Disrupting the complex assembly abrogated the regulatory effect of STRIPAK towards Hippo signaling. Collectively, our study revealed a “two-arm” assembly of STRIPAK with context-dependent dynamics, offering a framework for further studies on Hippo signaling and biological processes involving MST kinases.
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Bizotto FM, Ceratti RS, Braz AS, Masuda HP. Evolutionary history of Mo25 gene in plants, a component of RAM/MOR signaling network. Mech Dev 2018; 153:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Polarized Organization of the Cytoskeleton: Regulation by Cell Polarity Proteins. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3565-3584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Chen M, Zhang H, Shi Z, Li Y, Zhang X, Gao Z, Zhou L, Ma J, Xu Q, Guan J, Cheng Y, Jiao S, Zhou Z. The MST4-MOB4 complex disrupts the MST1-MOB1 complex in the Hippo-YAP pathway and plays a pro-oncogenic role in pancreatic cancer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14455-14469. [PMID: 30072378 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1 (MST1)-MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1) complex has been shown to suppress the oncogenic activity of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the mammalian Hippo pathway, which is involved in the development of multiple tumors, including pancreatic cancer (PC). However, it remains unclear whether other MST-MOB complexes are also involved in regulating Hippo-YAP signaling and have potential roles in PC. Here, we report that mammalian STE20-like kinase 4 (MST4), a distantly related ortholog of the MST1 kinase, forms a complex with MOB4 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We found that the overall structure of the MST4-MOB4 complex resembles that of the MST1-MOB1 complex, even though the two complexes exhibited opposite biological functions in PC. In contrast to the tumor-suppressor effect of the MST1-MOB1 complex, the MST4-MOB4 complex promoted growth and migration of PANC-1 cells. Moreover, expression levels of MST4 and MOB4 were elevated in PC and were positively correlated with each other, whereas MST1 expression was down-regulated. Because of divergent evolution of key interface residues, MST4 and MOB4 could disrupt assembly of the MST1-MOB1 complex through alternative pairing and thereby increased YAP activity. Collectively, these findings identify the MST4-MOB4 complex as a noncanonical regulator of the Hippo-YAP pathway with an oncogenic role in PC. Our findings highlight that although MST-MOB complexes display some structural conservation, they functionally diverged during their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Zhubing Shi
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Yehua Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Ziyang Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Li Zhou
- the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, and
| | - Jian Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Qi Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Jingmin Guan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- the Department of Hematology and Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031,
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, .,the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, and
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17
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Chu P, He L, Xiong L, Luo L, Huang R, Liao L, Li Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Molecular cloning, expression analysis and localization pattern of the MST family in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 76:316-323. [PMID: 29550601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian sterile 20-like (MST) family, which belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase superfamily, has five members that can be found in mammals: STK3 (also called MST2), STK4 (MST1), STK24 (MST3), STK25 (YSK1 or SOK1), and STK26 (MST4). The MST kinases have key roles in apoptosis, immune regulation, inflammatory responses, cancer, and cell proliferation in mammals, whereas the roles and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of these kinases in teleost fish are still unclear. In this study, four STK genes (CiSTK3, CiSTK24, CiSTK25, and CiSTK26) were cloned and analyzed in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). All four STK genes were broadly expressed in the examined tissues, while their relative expression levels differed. In addition, after exposure to the grass carp reovirus, mRNA expression levels of the four STK genes were altered to different levels in the immune organs, and the levels were dramatically altered in the blood. Subcellular localization indicated that all four STK proteins were localized in the cytoplasm of transfected cells. Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that mouse protein-25 could interact with CiSTK3, CiSTK24, CiSTK25, and CiSTK26 independently in grass carp. Thus, our findings provide new insights for understanding the functions of the MST family in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Libo He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lv Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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18
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Abstract
The mammalian STE20-like (MST) protein kinases are composed of MST1, MST2, MST3, MST4 and YSK1. They play crucial roles in cell growth, migration, polarity and apoptosis. Dysfunction of these kinases often leads to diseases. MST kinases are extensively involved in development and function of immune system. Here, we review recent progresses on the regulatory function of MST kinases in innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhubing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhao CS, Huang D, Peng T, Huang MZ, Xie CY, Chen J, Kong JR, Xie RC, Liu Y, Wang WN. Molecular cloning, characterization and function of a germinal center kinase MST4 gene from Litopenaeus vannamei in response to Vibrio alginolyticus challenge in TLR-TRAF6 signaling pathway. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 73:206-219. [PMID: 28377200 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase MST4 plays multiple roles in the regulation of signaling pathways that govern cellular processes including mitosis, migration, homeostasis, polarity, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Here we report the identification and characterization of the full-length sequence of LvMST4 from the shrimp L. vannamei, and investigations into its role in the shrimp's immune response to infection by the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated the enzyme's presence in the shrimp's cytoplasm, and tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that it is expressed ubiquitously but at different levels in different tissues. Infection with V. alginolyticus increased LvMST4 expression and induced a rapid response via the TLR-TRAF6 signaling pathway, causing a decline in the total hemocyte count (THC) and an increase in respiratory burst (RB) activity. In non-infected shrimp, RNAi silencing of LvMST4 with dsRNA had no significant effect on THC but seemed to activate the TRAF6-MKK6-p38 pathway and reduced RB activity. In shrimp challenged with V. alginolyticus, LvMST4 silencing reduced bacterial clearance and increased the initial upregulation of LvTRAF6 while reducing the expression of LvMKK6 and Lvp38. LvMST4 silencing also slightly reduced the THC but caused pronounced increases in RB activity and cumulative mortality. These findings suggest that LvMST4 contributes to antimicrobial responses via the TLR-TRAF6 signal pathway, and helps maintain immunological homeostasis in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chen-Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jing-Rong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ren-Chong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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20
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Beenstock J, Mooshayef N, Engelberg D. How Do Protein Kinases Take a Selfie (Autophosphorylate)? Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:938-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Abstract
WNK (With-No-Lysine (K)) kinases are serine-threonine kinases characterized by an atypical placement of a catalytic lysine within the kinase domain. Mutations in human WNK1 or WNK4 cause an autosomal dominant syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalemia, reflecting the fact that WNK kinases are critical regulators of renal ion transport processes. Here, the role of WNKs in the regulation of ion transport processes in vertebrate and invertebrate renal function, cellular and organismal osmoregulation, and cell migration and cerebral edema will be reviewed, along with emerging literature demonstrating roles for WNKs in cardiovascular and neural development, Wnt signaling, and cancer. Conserved roles for these kinases across phyla are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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22
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Shi Z, Jiao S, Zhou Z. STRIPAK complexes in cell signaling and cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4549-57. [PMID: 26876214 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes are striatin-centered multicomponent supramolecular structures containing both kinases and phosphatases. STRIPAK complexes are evolutionarily conserved and have critical roles in protein (de)phosphorylation. Recent studies indicate that STRIPAK complexes are emerging mediators and regulators of multiple vital signaling pathways including Hippo, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), nuclear receptor and cytoskeleton remodeling. Different types of STRIPAK complexes are extensively involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes ranging from cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis to metabolism, immune regulation and tumorigenesis. Growing evidence correlates dysregulation of STRIPAK complexes with human diseases including cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the assembly and functions of STRIPAK complexes, with a special focus on cell signaling and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Cabezas-Sanchez P, Garcia-Calvo E, Camara C, Luque-Garcia JL. A quantitative proteomic approach for unveiling novel mechanisms associated with MeHg-induced toxicity: effects on the methylation cycle. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:291-302. [PMID: 30090345 PMCID: PMC6062361 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is still a major threat for human health and the environment due to its extremely high toxicity that mainly affects the nervous system. Despite the great efforts made during the last few decades, the specific molecular mechanisms involved in MeHg-induced toxicity are still not completely unveiled. In this work we explored such mechanisms using neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a) and SILAC as a quantitative proteomic approach. We found that exposure of Neuro-2a cells to 2 mg L-1 MeHg for 8 h decreased the cell viability to 70% and caused significant changes in the morphology of the cells, specially regarding neurite development. Our proteomic results showed different proteins altered upon MeHg exposure that helped to identify pathways related to the toxicity exerted by MeHg. Specifically, we have found that MeHg affects the methylation cycle by inhibiting the expression of key enzymes including MTHFD1 and MTR. Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of MTHFD1 is not observed when exposing the cells to inorganic Hg and other heavy metals such as Pb or Cu. Thus, this work sets the stage for dissecting a specific molecular mechanism for MeHg-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cabezas-Sanchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 , Madrid , Spain . ; Tel: +34913944318
| | - Estefania Garcia-Calvo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 , Madrid , Spain . ; Tel: +34913944318
| | - Carmen Camara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 , Madrid , Spain . ; Tel: +34913944318
| | - Jose L Luque-Garcia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 , Madrid , Spain . ; Tel: +34913944318
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24
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Shi Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li C, Wang X, He F, Sun L, Jiao S, Shi W, Zhou Z. Structural Insights into mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26811-20. [PMID: 26385923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.666578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to viral infection, cytosolic retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors sense viral RNA and promote oligomerization of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), which then recruits tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family proteins, including TRAF6, to activate an antiviral response. Currently, the interaction between MAVS and TRAF6 is only partially understood, and atomic details are lacking. Here, we demonstrated that MAVS directly interacts with TRAF6 through its potential TRAF6-binding motif 2 (T6BM2; amino acids 455-460). Further, we solved the crystal structure of MAVS T6BM2 in complex with the TRAF6 TRAF_C domain at 2.95 Å resolution. T6BM2 of MAVS binds to the canonical adaptor-binding groove of the TRAF_C domain. Structure-directed mutational analyses in vitro and in cells revealed that MAVS binding to TRAF6 via T6BM2 instead of T6BM1 is essential but not sufficient for an optimal antiviral response. Particularly, a MAVS mutant Y460E retained its TRAF6-binding ability as predicted but showed significantly impaired signaling activity, highlighting the functional importance of this tyrosine. Moreover, these observations were further confirmed in MAVS(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Collectively, our work provides a structural basis for understanding the MAVS-TRAF6 antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhubing Shi
- From the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China, the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Zhen Zhang
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Yanyan Wang
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Xin Wang
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Feng He
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Lina Sun
- Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Weiyang Shi
- From the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China,
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
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25
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Taylor CA, Juang YC, Earnest S, Sengupta S, Goldsmith EJ, Cobb MH. Domain-Swapping Switch Point in Ste20 Protein Kinase SPAK. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5063-71. [PMID: 26208601 PMCID: PMC5167558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The related protein kinases SPAK and OSR1 regulate ion homeostasis in part by phosphorylating cation cotransporter family members. The structure of the kinase domain of OSR1 was determined in the unphosphorylated inactive form and, like some other Ste20 kinases, exhibited a domain-swapped activation loop. To further probe the role of domain swapping in SPAK and OSR1, we have determined the crystal structures of SPAK 63-403 at 3.1 Å and SPAK 63-390 T243D at 2.5 Å resolution. These structures encompass the kinase domain and different portions of the C-terminal tail, the longer without and the shorter with an activating T243D point mutation. The structure of the T243D protein reveals significant conformational differences relative to unphosphorylated SPAK and OSR1 but also has some features of an inactive kinase. Both structures are domain-swapped dimers. Sequences involved in domain swapping were identified and mutated to create a SPAK monomeric mutant with kinase activity, indicating that monomeric forms are active. The monomeric mutant is activated by WNK1 but has reduced activity toward its substrate NKCC2, suggesting regulatory roles for domain swapping. The structure of partially active SPAK T243D is consistent with a multistage activation process in which phosphorylation induces a SPAK conformation that requires further remodeling to build the active structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton A. Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Yu-Chi Juang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Svetlana Earnest
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Samarpita Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Elizabeth J. Goldsmith
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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26
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Men Y, Zhang A, Li H, Zhang T, Jin Y, Li H, Zhang J, Gao J. LKB1 Is Required for the Development and Maintenance of Stereocilia in Inner Ear Hair Cells in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135841. [PMID: 26274331 PMCID: PMC4537123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The LKB1 gene, which encodes a serine/threonine kinase, was discovered to play crucial roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and the establishment of cell polarity. In our study, LKB1 conditional knockout mice (Atoh1-LKB1-/- mice) were generated to investigate LKB1 function in the inner ear. Tests of auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emissions revealed significant decreases in the hearing sensitivities of the Atoh1-LKB1-/- mice. In Atoh1-LKB1-/- mice, malformations of hair cell stereocilliary bundles were present as early as postnatal day 1 (P1), a time long before the maturation of the hair cell bundles. In addition, we also observed outer hair cell (OHC) loss starting at P14. The impaired stereocilliary bundles occurred long before the presence of hair cell loss. Stereociliary cytoskeletal structure depends on the core actin-based cytoskeleton and several actin-binding proteins. By Western blot, we examined actin-binding proteins, specifically ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton of hair cell stereocilia. Our results revealed that the phosphorylation of ERM proteins (pERM) was significantly decreased in mutant mice. Thus, we propose that the decreased pERM may be a key factor for the impaired stereocillia function, and the damaged stereocillia may induce hair cell loss and hearing impairments. Taken together, our data indicates that LKB1 is required for the development and maintenance of stereocilia in the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Men
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yecheng Jin
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huashun Li
- SARITEX Center for Stem Cell, Engineering Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Stem Cell&Nano-Medicine, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (JZ)
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (JG); (JZ)
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27
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ErbB2-intronic microRNA-4728: a novel tumor suppressor and antagonist of oncogenic MAPK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1742. [PMID: 25950472 PMCID: PMC4669696 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of the ErbB2/HER2 oncogene in cancers has been extensively studied, how ErbB2 is regulated remains poorly understood. A novel microRNA, mir-4728, was recently found within an intron of the ErbB2 gene. However, the function and clinical relevance of this intronic miRNA are completely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mir-4728 is a negative regulator of MAPK signaling through directly targeting the ERK upstream kinase MST4 and exerts numerous tumor-suppressive properties in vitro and in animal models. Importantly, our patient sample study shows that mir-4728 was under-expressed in breast tumors compared with normal tissue, and loss of mir-4728 correlated with worse overall patient survival. These results strongly suggest that mir-4728 is a tumor-suppressive miRNA that controls MAPK signaling through targeting MST4, revealing mir-4728's significance as a potential prognostic factor and target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Moreover, this study represents a conceptual advance by providing strong evidence that a tumor-suppressive miRNA can antagonize the canonical signaling of its host oncogene.
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28
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Xiong W, Knox AJ, Xu M, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Colgan SP, Brodsky KS, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Lillehei KO, Wierman ME. Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 4 promotes pituitary cell proliferation and survival under hypoxia. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:460-72. [PMID: 25650755 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic and molecular mechanisms that initiate and maintain pituitary tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Nonfunctioning tumors of the gonadotrope lineage represent 35% of all tumors; are usually macroadenomas, often resulting in hypopituitarism; and have no medical treatments. Using expression microarrays combined with whole-genome copy number screens on individual human tumors, we identified the mammalian sterile-20-like kinase (MST4) transcript, which was amplified within chromosome Xq26.2 in one tumor and up-regulated in all gonadotrope tumor samples. MST4 mRNA and protein were consistently overexpressed in human tumors compared with normal pituitaries. To mimic the pituitary tumor microenvironment, a hypoxia model using LβT2 murine gonadotrope cells was created to examine the functional role of the kinase. During long-term hypoxia, MST4 expression increased colony formation in a soft agar assay and rates of cell proliferation by activating p38 MAPK and AKT. Under short-term severe hypoxic stress, MST4 decreased the rates of apoptosis via p38 MAPK, AKT, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and its cell-specific downstream targets. Analysis of MST4 mutants confirmed the importance of the kinase sequence but not the regulatory C terminus for its functional effects. Together these data identify the MST4 kinase as a novel candidate to mediate human pituitary tumorigenesis in a hypoxic environment and position it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Xiong
- Departments of Medicine (W.X., A.J.K., M.X., K.K.-V., S.P.C., M.E.W.), Anesthesiology (K.S.B.), Pathology (B.K.K.-D.), and Neurosurgery (K.O.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Research Service (K.K.-V., M.E.W.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220
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29
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The kinase MST4 limits inflammatory responses through direct phosphorylation of the adaptor TRAF6. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:246-57. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Shi Z, Jiao S, Zhou Z. Structural dissection of Hippo signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:29-38. [PMID: 25476203 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls cell number and organ size by restricting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis, and thus is a key regulator in development and homeostasis. Dysfunction of the Hippo pathway correlates with many pathological conditions, especially cancer. Hippo signaling also plays important roles in tissue regeneration and stem cell biology. Therefore, the Hippo pathway is recognized as a crucial target for cancer therapy and regeneration medicine. To date, structures of several key components in Hippo signaling have been determined. In this review, we summarize current available structural studies of the Hippo pathway, which may help to improve our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms, as well as to facilitate further functional studies and potential therapeutic interventions.
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31
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An S, Yang Y, Ward R, Liu Y, Guo XX, Xu TR. Raf-interactome in tuning the complexity and diversity of Raf function. FEBS J 2014; 282:32-53. [PMID: 25333451 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Raf kinases have been intensely studied subsequent to their discovery 30 years ago. The Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK/MAPK) signaling pathway is at the heart of the signaling networks that control many fundamental cellular processes and Raf kinases takes centre stage in the MAPK pathway, which is now appreciated to be one of the most common sources of the oncogenic mutations in cancer. The dependency of tumors on this pathway has been clearly demonstrated by targeting its key nodes; however, blockade of the central components of the MAPK pathway may have some unexpected side effects. Over recent years, the Raf-interactome or Raf-interacting proteins have emerged as promising targets for protein-directed cancer therapy. This review focuses on the diversity of Raf-interacting proteins and discusses the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate Raf function, as well as the implications of targeting Raf-interacting proteins in the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China
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32
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Li C, Feng M, Shi Z, Hao Q, Song X, Wang W, Zhao Y, Jiao S, Zhou Z. Structural and biochemical insights into the activation mechanisms of germinal center kinase OSR1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35969-78. [PMID: 25389294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.592097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1) kinase belongs to the mammalian STE20-like kinase family. OSR1 is activated by with no lysine [K] (WNKs) kinases, and then it phosphorylates cation-coupled Cl-cotransporters, regulating ion homeostasis and cell volume in mammalian cells. However, the specific mechanisms of OSR1 activation remains poorly defined, largely due to its extremely low basal activity. Here, we dissect in detail the regulatory mechanisms of OSR1 activation from the aspects of autoinhibition, upstream kinase WNK, and the newly identified master regulator mouse protein-25 (MO25). Based on our structural and biochemical studies, we propose a "double lock" model, accounting for the tight autoinhibition of OSR1, an effect that has to be removed by WNK before MO25 further activates OSR1. Particularly, the conserved C-terminal (CCT) domain and αAL helix act together to strongly suppress OSR1 basal activity. WNKs bind to the CCT and trigger its conformational rearrangement to release the kinase domain of OSR1, allowing for MO25 binding and full activation. Finally, the regulatory mechanisms of OSR1 activation were further corroborated by cellular studies of OSR1-regulated cell volume control through WNK-OSR1 signaling pathway. Collectively, these results provide insights into the OSR1 kinase activation to facilitate further functional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Li
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Miao Feng
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Zhubing Shi
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Hao
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Xiaomin Song
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Wenjia Wang
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Yun Zhao
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Shi Jiao
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
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33
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Alessi DR, Zhang J, Khanna A, Hochdörfer T, Shang Y, Kahle KT. The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 pathway: master regulator of cation-chloride cotransporters. Sci Signal 2014; 7:re3. [PMID: 25028718 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 kinase complex is composed of the kinases WNK (with no lysine) and SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) or the SPAK homolog OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1). The WNK family senses changes in intracellular Cl(-) concentration, extracellular osmolarity, and cell volume and transduces this information to sodium (Na(+)), potassium (K(+)), and chloride (Cl(-)) cotransporters [collectively referred to as CCCs (cation-chloride cotransporters)] and ion channels to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis and affect cellular morphology and behavior. Several genes encoding proteins in this pathway are mutated in human disease, and the cotransporters are targets of commonly used drugs. WNKs stimulate the kinases SPAK and OSR1, which directly phosphorylate and stimulate Cl(-)-importing, Na(+)-driven CCCs or inhibit the Cl(-)-extruding, K(+)-driven CCCs. These coordinated and reciprocal actions on the CCCs are triggered by an interaction between RFXV/I motifs within the WNKs and CCCs and a conserved carboxyl-terminal docking domain in SPAK and OSR1. This interaction site represents a potentially druggable node that could be more effective than targeting the cotransporters directly. In the kidney, WNK-SPAK/OSR1 inhibition decreases epithelial NaCl reabsorption and K(+) secretion to lower blood pressure while maintaining serum K(+). In neurons, WNK-SPAK/OSR1 inhibition could facilitate Cl(-) extrusion and promote γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibition. Such drugs could have efficacy as K(+)-sparing blood pressure-lowering agents in essential hypertension, nonaddictive analgesics in neuropathic pain, and promoters of GABAergic inhibition in diseases associated with neuronal hyperactivity, such as epilepsy, spasticity, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario R Alessi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Arjun Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Hochdörfer
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Yuze Shang
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Lin ZH, Wang L, Zhang JB, Liu Y, Li XQ, Guo L, Zhang B, Zhu WW, Ye QH. MST4 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis via activation of the p-ERK pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:629-40. [PMID: 24859810 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sterile-20-like kinase 4 (MST4) has been implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation. In a previous study, we found MST4 to be an important candidate gene for metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the molecular mechanism of the promoting role of MST4 in HCC metastasis is poorly understood. In this study, we show that high expression of MST4 was detected in highly invasive HCC cells and in human HCC specimens with vascular invasion. A high level of MST4, associated with large tumor size, microvascular invasion, presence of intrahepatic metastasis, and advanced TNM classification of malignant tumors stage, was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P=0.004) and time to recurrence (P=0.001) after hepatectomy. Knockdown of MST4 expression in HCC cells inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion, whereas upregulation of MST4 significantly promoted these processes by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), dependent on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Furthermore, the combination of MST4 and phosphorylated ERK was proven to have more power to predict the outcomes of HCC patients. This study presents clinical evidence for predicting the value of MST4 in HCC overall survival and recurrence and describes the key role of MST4 in facilitating the EMT process via regulating the activation of ERK, indicating its potential role as a target for postoperative adjuvant therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hai Lin
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liying Wang
- The Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE and MOH), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hai Ye
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
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35
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Hao Q, Feng M, Shi Z, Li C, Chen M, Wang W, Zhang M, Jiao S, Zhou Z. Structural insights into regulatory mechanisms of MO25-mediated kinase activation. J Struct Biol 2014; 186:224-33. [PMID: 24746913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor kinase LKB1 and germinal center kinases (GCKs) are key regulators of various cellular functions. The adaptor molecule MO25 not only recruits and activates LKB1 through the pseudokinase STRAD, but also may directly activate GCKs like MST3, MST4, STK25, OSR1 and SPAK. Targeting MO25 in a pathological setting has been recently studied in mouse. Yet the regulatory mechanism of MO25-mediated kinase activation is not fully understood. Here, our structural studies of MO25-related kinases reveal that MO25 binds to and activates GCK kinases or pseudokinase through a unified structural mechanism, featuring an active conformation of the αC helix and A-loop stabilized by MO25. Compared to GCKs that are directly activated by MO25-binding, activation of LKB1 has evolved additional layer of regulatory machinery, i.e., MO25 "activates" the pseudokinase STRAD, which in turn activates LKB1. Importantly, the structures of MO25α-STK25 and MO25α-MST3 determined in this work represent a transition/intermediate state and a fully activated state, respectively during the MO25-mediated kinase activating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Miao Feng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhubing Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Chen C, Shi Z, Zhang W, Chen M, He F, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Feng M, Wang W, Zhao Y, Brown JH, Jiao S, Zhou Z. Striatins contain a noncanonical coiled coil that binds protein phosphatase 2A A subunit to form a 2:2 heterotetrameric core of striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9651-61. [PMID: 24550388 PMCID: PMC3975014 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.529297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and kinases such as germinal center kinase III (GCKIII) can interact with striatins to form a supramolecular complex called striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex. Despite the fact that the STRIPAK complex regulates multiple cellular events, it remains only partially understood how this complex itself is assembled and regulated for differential biological functions. Our recent work revealed the activation mechanism of GCKIIIs by MO25, as well as how GCKIIIs heterodimerize with CCM3, a molecular bridge between GCKIII and striatins. Here we dissect the structural features of the coiled coil domain of striatin 3, a novel type of PP2A regulatory subunit that functions as a scaffold for the assembly of the STRIPAK complex. We have determined the crystal structure of a selenomethionine-labeled striatin 3 coiled coil domain, which shows it to assume a parallel dimeric but asymmetric conformation containing a large bend. This result combined with a number of biophysical analyses provide evidence that the coiled coil domain of striatin 3 and the PP2A A subunit form a stable core complex with a 2:2 stoichiometry. Structure-based mutational studies reveal that homodimerization of striatin 3 is essential for its interaction with PP2A and therefore assembly of the STRIPAK complex. Wild-type striatin 3 but not the mutants defective in PP2A binding strongly suppresses apoptosis of Jurkat cells induced by the GCKIII kinase MST3, most likely through a mechanism in which striatin recruits PP2A to negatively regulate the activation of MST3. Collectively, our work provides structural insights into the organization of the STRIPAK complex and will facilitate further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Chen
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhubing Shi
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, and
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Min Chen
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feng He
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yicui Wang
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Miao Feng
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jerry H. Brown
- the Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110
| | - Shi Jiao
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- the School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, and
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Küchler EC, Feng P, Deeley K, Fitzgerald CA, Meyer C, Gorbunov A, Bezamat M, Reis MF, Noel J, Kouzbari MZ, Granjeiro JM, Antunes LS, Antunes LA, de Abreu FV, Costa MC, Tannure PN, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Patir A, Vieira AR. Fine mapping of locus Xq25.1-27-2 for a low caries experience phenotype. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:479-86. [PMID: 24632093 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to fine map the locus Xq25.1-27-2 in order to identify genetic contributors involved in low caries experience. DESIGN Seventy-two families from the Philippines were studied. Caries experience was recorded and genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood was obtained from all subjects. One hundred and twenty-eight polymorphisms in the locus Xq25.1-27-2, a region that contains 24 genes, were genotyped. Association between caries experience and alleles was tested using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). This initial analysis was followed by experiments with DNA samples from 1481 subjects from Pittsburgh, 918 children from Brazil, and 275 children from Turkey in order to follow up the results found in the Filipino families. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used. Sequencing of the coding regions and exon-intron boundaries of MST4 and FGF13 were also performed on 91 women from Pittsburgh. RESULTS Statistically significant association with low caries experience was found for 11 markers in Xq25.1-27-2 in the Filipino families. One marker was in MST4, another marker was in FGF13, and the remaining markers were in intergenic regions. Haplotype analysis also confirmed these results, but the follow up studies with DNA samples from Pittsburgh, Brazil, and Turkey showed associations for a subset of the 11 markers. No coding mutations were identified by sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Our study failed to conclusively demonstrate that genetic factors in Xq25.1-27-2 contribute to caries experience in multiple populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika C Küchler
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ping Feng
- Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Kathleen Deeley
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Carly A Fitzgerald
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Chelsea Meyer
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Anastasia Gorbunov
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mariana Bezamat
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Maria Fernanda Reis
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jacqueline Noel
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - M Zahir Kouzbari
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - José M Granjeiro
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Directory of Programs, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo S Antunes
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Livia A Antunes
- Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Volpe de Abreu
- Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo C Costa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia N Tannure
- Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Discipline of Cariology, School of Dentistry, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Asli Patir
- Department of Pedodontics, Medipol Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shi Z, Zhang M. Structure of zebrafish MO25. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:989-93. [PMID: 23989145 PMCID: PMC3758145 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113021520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
MO25, a conserved scaffold protein, activates the tumour suppressor LKB1 with the pseudokinase STRAD. MO25 also promotes the activities of the STE20-family kinases MST3, MST4, STK25, SPAK and OSR1. Zebrafish MO25 was purified and crystallized, and a crystal of zebrafish MO25 diffracted to 2.9 Å resolution and belonged to space group P3221, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 156.665, c = 221.251 Å. The structure of zebrafish MO25 was determined by molecular replacement. It is constituted of seven helical repeats. Structural comparison indicates that the overall structures of zebrafish and human MO25 are very similar, suggesting that MO25 has conserved functions in zebrafish. This work provides a structural basis for further functional and evolutionary studies of MO25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yicui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhubing Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, People’s Republic of China
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