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Bachmann M, Su B, Rahikainen R, Hytönen VP, Wu J, Wehrle-Haller B. ConFERMing the role of talin in integrin activation and mechanosignaling. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260576. [PMID: 37078342 PMCID: PMC10198623 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (herein referring to the talin-1 form), is a cytoskeletal adapter protein that binds integrin receptors and F-actin, and is a key factor in the formation and regulation of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions. Talin forms the mechanical link between the cytoplasmic domain of integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. Through this linkage, talin is at the origin of mechanosignaling occurring at the plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interface. Despite its central position, talin is not able to fulfill its tasks alone, but requires help from kindlin and paxillin to detect and transform the mechanical tension along the integrin-talin-F-actin axis into intracellular signaling. The talin head forms a classical FERM domain, which is required to bind and regulate the conformation of the integrin receptor, as well as to induce intracellular force sensing. The FERM domain allows the strategic positioning of protein-protein and protein-lipid interfaces, including the membrane-binding and integrin affinity-regulating F1 loop, as well as the interaction with lipid-anchored Rap1 (Rap1a and Rap1b in mammals) GTPase. Here, we summarize the structural and regulatory features of talin and explain how it regulates cell adhesion and force transmission, as well as intracellular signaling at integrin-containing cell-matrix attachment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Baihao Su
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Xin H, Huang J, Song Z, Mao J, Xi X, Shi X. Structure, signal transduction, activation, and inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3. Thromb J 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36782235 PMCID: PMC9923933 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric receptors comprising α and β subunits. They are expressed on the cell surface and play key roles in cell adhesion, migration, and growth. Several types of integrins are expressed on the platelets, including αvβ3, αIIbβ3, α2β1, α5β1, and α6β1. Among these, physically αIIbβ3 is exclusively expressed on the platelet surface and their precursor cells, megakaryocytes. αIIbβ3 adopts at least three conformations: i) bent-closed, ii) extended-closed, and iii) extended-open. The transition from conformation i) to iii) occurs when αIIbβ3 is activated by stimulants. Conformation iii) possesses a high ligand affinity, which triggers integrin clustering and platelet aggregation. Platelets are indispensable for maintaining vascular system integrity and preventing bleeding. However, excessive platelet activation can result in myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Therefore, finding a novel strategy to stop bleeding without accelerating the risk of thrombosis is important. Regulation of αIIbβ3 activation is vital for this strategy. There are a large number of molecules that facilitate or inhibit αIIbβ3 activation. The interference of these molecules can accurately control the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. This review describes the structure and signal transduction of αIIbβ3, summarizes the molecules that directly or indirectly affect integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and discusses some novel antiαIIbβ3 drugs. This will advance our understanding of the activation of αIIbβ3 and its essential role in platelet function and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xin
- grid.452511.6Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003 China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003 China ,grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zhiqun Song
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Province People’s Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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The explorations of dynamic interactions of paxillin at the focal adhesions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140825. [PMID: 35926716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin is one of the most important adapters in integrin-mediated adhesions that performs numerous crucial functions relying on its dynamic interactions. Its structural behavior serves different purposes, providing a base for several activities. The various domains of paxillin display different functions in the whole process of cell movements and have a significant role in cell adhesion, migration, signal transmission, and protein-protein interactions. On the other hand, some paxillin-associated proteins provide a unique spatiotemporal mechanism for regulating its dynamic characteristics in the tissue homeostasis and make it a more complex and decisive protein at the focal adhesions. This review briefly describes the structural adaptations and molecular mechanisms of recruitment of paxillin into adhesions, explains paxillin's binding dynamics and impact on adhesion stability and turnover, and reveals a variety of paxillin-associated regulatory mechanisms and how paxillin is embedded into the signaling networks.
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Zhevlakova I, Xiong L, Liu H, Dudiki T, Ciocea A, Podrez E, Byzova TV. Opposite roles of Kindlin orthologs in cell survival and proliferation. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13280. [PMID: 35860876 PMCID: PMC9436913 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear why adhesion-dependent cells such as epithelium undergo anoikis without anchorage, while adhesion-independent blood cells thrive in suspension. The adhesive machinery of these cells is similar, with the exception of Kindlin orthologs, Kindlin 2 (K2) and Kindlin 3 (K3). Here we address how Kindlins control cell survival and proliferation in anchorage-dependent and independent cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS To demonstrate the opposite roles of Kindlin's in cell survival we utilized in vivo and in vitro models and K3 and K2 knockdown and knockin cells. We used human lymphocytes from the K3 deficient patients in tumour model, K3 knockout and knockin macrophages and K2 knockout and knockin MEF cells for experiments in under conditions of adhesion and in suspension. RESULTS Depletion of K3 promotes cell proliferation and survival of anchorage-independent cells regardless of cell attachment. In contrast, the absence of K2 in anchorage-dependent cells accelerates apoptosis and limits proliferation. K3 deficiency promotes human lymphoma growth and survival in vivo. Kindlins' interaction with paxillin, is critical for their differential roles in cell anchorage. While disruption of K2-paxillin binding leads to increased apoptosis, the lack of K3-paxillin binding has an opposite effect in adhesion-independent cells. CONCLUSION Kindlin ortologs and their interaction to cytoskeletal protein paxillin define the mechanisms of anchorage dependence. Our study identifies the key elements of the cell adhesion machinery in cell survival and tumour metastasis, proposing possible targets for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zhevlakova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luyang Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tejasvi Dudiki
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alieta Ciocea
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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LFA1 Activation: Insights from a Single-Molecule Approach. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111751. [PMID: 35681446 PMCID: PMC9179313 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin LFA1 is a cell adhesion receptor expressed exclusively in leukocytes, and plays crucial roles in lymphocyte trafficking, antigen recognition, and effector functions. Since the discovery that the adhesiveness of LFA1 can be dynamically changed upon stimulation, one challenge has been understanding how integrins are regulated by inside-out signaling coupled with macromolecular conformational changes, as well as ligand bindings that transduce signals from the extracellular domain to the cytoplasm in outside-in signaling. The small GTPase Rap1 and integrin adaptor proteins talin1 and kindlin-3 have been recognized as critical molecules for integrin activation. However, their cooperative regulation of integrin adhesiveness in lymphocytes requires further research. Recent advances in single-molecule imaging techniques have revealed dynamic molecular processes in real-time and provided insight into integrin activation in cellular environments. This review summarizes integrin regulation and discusses new findings regarding the bidirectionality of LFA1 activation and signaling processes in lymphocytes.
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Lu F, Zhu L, Bromberger T, Yang J, Yang Q, Liu J, Plow EF, Moser M, Qin J. Mechanism of integrin activation by talin and its cooperation with kindlin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2362. [PMID: 35488005 PMCID: PMC9054839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin-induced integrin binding to extracellular matrix ligands (integrin activation) is the key step to trigger many fundamental cellular processes including cell adhesion, cell migration, and spreading. Talin is widely known to use its N-terminal head domain (talin-H) to bind and activate integrin, but how talin-H operates in the context of full-length talin and its surrounding remains unknown. Here we show that while being capable of inducing integrin activation, talin-H alone exhibits unexpectedly low potency versus a constitutively activated full-length talin. We find that the large C-terminal rod domain of talin (talin-R), which otherwise masks the integrin binding site on talin-H in inactive talin, dramatically enhances the talin-H potency by dimerizing activated talin and bridging it to the integrin co-activator kindlin-2 via the adaptor protein paxillin. These data provide crucial insight into the mechanism of talin and its cooperation with kindlin to promote potent integrin activation, cell adhesion, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Thomas Bromberger
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, D-81675, Germany
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qiannan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, D-81675, Germany.
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Ripamonti M, Wehrle-Haller B, de Curtis I. Paxillin: A Hub for Mechano-Transduction from the β3 Integrin-Talin-Kindlin Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852016. [PMID: 35450290 PMCID: PMC9016114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are specialized integrin-dependent adhesion complexes, which ensure cell anchoring to the extracellular matrix. Focal adhesions also function as mechano-signaling platforms by perceiving and integrating diverse physical and (bio)chemical cues of their microenvironment, and by transducing them into intracellular signaling for the control of cell behavior. The fundamental biological mechanism of creating intracellular signaling in response to changes in tensional forces appears to be tightly linked to paxillin recruitment and binding to focal adhesions. Interestingly, the tension-dependent nature of the paxillin binding to adhesions, combined with its scaffolding function, suggests a major role of this protein in integrating multiple signals from the microenvironment, and accordingly activating diverse molecular responses. This minireview offers an overview of the molecular bases of the mechano-sensitivity and mechano-signaling capacity of core focal adhesion proteins, and highlights the role of paxillin as a key component of the mechano-transducing machinery based on the interaction of cells to substrates activating the β3 integrin-talin1-kindlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ripamonti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ivan de Curtis,
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Li Q, Lan T, Xie J, Lu Y, Zheng D, Su B. Integrin-Mediated Tumorigenesis and Its Therapeutic Applications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812480. [PMID: 35223494 PMCID: PMC8873568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins, a family of adhesion molecules generally exist on the cell surface, are essential for regulating cell growth and its function. As a bi-directional signaling molecule, they mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. The recognitions of their key roles in many human pathologies, including autoimmunity, thrombosis and neoplasia, have revealed their great potential as a therapeutic target. This paper focuses on the activation of integrins, the role of integrins in tumorigenesis and progression, and advances of integrin-dependent tumor therapeutics in recent years. It is expected that understanding function and signaling transmission will fully exploit potentialities of integrin as a novel target for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dali Zheng, ; Bohua Su,
| | - Bohua Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dali Zheng, ; Bohua Su,
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Case LB, De Pasquale M, Henry L, Rosen MK. Synergistic phase separation of two pathways promotes integrin clustering and nascent adhesion formation. eLife 2022; 11:e72588. [PMID: 35049497 PMCID: PMC8791637 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are integrin-based plasma-membrane-associated compartments where cells sense environmental cues. The physical mechanisms and molecular interactions that mediate initial IAC formation are unclear. We found that both p130Cas ('Cas') and Focal adhesion kinase ('FAK') undergo liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro under physiologic conditions. Cas- and FAK- driven phase separation is sufficient to reconstitute kindlin-dependent integrin clustering in vitro with recombinant mammalian proteins. In vitro condensates and IACs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit similar sensitivities to environmental perturbations including changes in temperature and pH. Furthermore, mutations that inhibit or enhance phase separation in vitro reduce or increase the number of IACs in MEFs, respectively. Finally, we find that the Cas and FAK pathways act synergistically to promote phase separation, integrin clustering, IAC formation and partitioning of key components in vitro and in cells. We propose that Cas- and FAK-driven phase separation provides an intracellular trigger for integrin clustering and nascent IAC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Milagros De Pasquale
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Lisa Henry
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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Palmere RD, Case DA, Nieuwkoop AJ. Simulations of Kindlin-2 PIP binding domains reveal protonation-dependent membrane binding modes. Biophys J 2021; 120:5504-5512. [PMID: 34813727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-2, a member of the Kindlin family of peripheral membrane proteins, is important for integrin activation and stabilization of epidermal growth factor receptor. It associates with the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane via dedicated phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding domains located in the N-terminal F0 and Pleckstrin Homology domains. These domains have binding affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and, to a greater degree, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. The biological significance of the differential binding of these phosphatidylinositol phosphates to Kindlin-2 and the mechanism by which they activate Kindlin-2 are not well understood. Recently, ssNMR identified the predominant protonation states of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate near physiological pH in the presence of anionic lipids. Here, we perform atomistic simulation of the bound state of the Pleckstrin Homology and F0 domains of Kindlin-2 at membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate/phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate with differing protonation states. This computational approach demonstrates that these two phosphatidylinositol phosphates differently modulate Kindlin-2 subdomain binding in a protonation-state-dependent manner. We speculate these variations in binding mode provide a mechanism for intracellular pH and Ca2+ influx to control the membrane binding behavior and activity of Kindlin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Palmere
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - David A Case
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew J Nieuwkoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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Nguyen HTT, Xu Z, Shi X, Liu S, Schulte ML, White GC, Ma YQ. Paxillin binding to the PH domain of kindlin-3 in platelets is required to support integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:3126-3138. [PMID: 34411430 PMCID: PMC9080902 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kindlin-3 is essential for supporting the bidirectional signaling of integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets by bridging the crosstalk between integrin αIIbβ3 and the cytoplasmic signaling adaptors. OBJECTIVE In this study, we identified a previously unrecognized paxillin binding site in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of kindlin-3 and verified its functional significance. METHODS Structure-based approaches were employed to identify the paxillin binding site in the PH domain of kindlin-3. In addition, the bidirectional signaling of integrin αIIbβ3 were evaluated in both human and mouse platelets. RESULTS In brief, we found that a β1-β2 loop in the PH domain of kindlin-3, an important part of the canonical membrane phospholipid binding pocket, was also involved in mediating paxillin interaction. Interestingly, the binding sites of paxillin and membrane phospholipids in the PH domain of kindlin-3 were mutually exclusive. Specific disruption of paxillin binding to the PH domain by point mutations inhibited platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen while having no inhibition on soluble fibrinogen binding to stimulated platelets. In addition, a membrane-permeable peptide derived from the β1-β2 loop in the PH domain of kindlin-3 was capable of inhibiting platelet spreading and clot retraction, but it had no effect on soluble fibrinogen binding to platelets and platelet aggregation. Treatment with this peptide significantly reduced thrombus formation in mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that interaction between paxillin and the PH domain of kindlin-3 plays an important role in supporting integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling in platelets, thus providing a novel antithrombotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Xu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- The second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Gilbert C. White
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yan-Qing Ma
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Collaborative Research Program for Cell Adhesion Molecules, Shanghai University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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12
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Huang S, Liao J, Luo X, Liu F, Shi G, Wen W. Kindlin-2 promoted the progression of keloids through the Smad pathway and Fas/FasL pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112813. [PMID: 34492266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are benign skin tumors characterized by aggressive growth. To date, there is no exact treatment because little is known about its pathological mechanism. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanism of its occurrence and development to identify therapeutic targets. In this study, the expression of Kindlin-2 was higher in keloid fibroblasts (KFs) than in normal skin fibroblasts (NFs). In vitro experiments showed that knocking down Kindlin-2 in KFs could promote cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and contractile capability. Western blot results showed that the phosphorylation of Smad3 in KFs was inhibited after knocking down Kindlin-2, inhibiting the activation of the Smad pathway. Moreover, knocking down Kindlin-2 increased the expression of Fas and FasL in KFs, which demonstrated that knocking down Kindlin-2 promoted the activation of the exogenous apoptotic pathway of KFs and then facilitated apoptosis. The above results revealed that knocking down Kindlin-2 in KFs can inhibit the activation of the Smad pathway and promote the activation of the Fas/FasL exogenous apoptosis pathway, thereby altering the cytological function of KFs. Therefore, Kindlin-2 might play an important role in the occurrence and development of keloids and could become a new target to treat keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Huang
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiping Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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González Wusener AE, González Á, Perez Collado ME, Maza MR, General IJ, Arregui CO. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B targets focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in cell-matrix adhesions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272564. [PMID: 34553765 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B, also known as PTPN1) is an established regulator of cell-matrix adhesion and motility. However, the nature of substrate targets at adhesion sites remains to be validated. Here, we used bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, in combination with a substrate trapping mutant of PTP1B, to directly examine whether relevant phosphotyrosines on paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) are substrates of the phosphatase in the context of cell-matrix adhesion sites. We found that the formation of catalytic complexes at cell-matrix adhesions requires intact tyrosine residues Y31 and Y118 on paxillin, and the localization of FAK at adhesion sites. Additionally, we found that PTP1B specifically targets Y925 on the focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain of FAK at adhesion sites. Electrostatic analysis indicated that dephosphorylation of this residue promotes the closed conformation of the FAT 4-helix bundle and its interaction with paxillin at adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E González Wusener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ángela González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - María E Perez Collado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Melina R Maza
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas and CONICET, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Ignacio J General
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas and CONICET, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Carlos O Arregui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
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14
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Chen K, Guo L, Wu C. How signaling pathways link extracellular mechano-environment to proline biosynthesis: A hypothesis: PINCH-1 and kindlin-2 sense mechanical signals from extracellular matrix and link them to proline biosynthesis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100116. [PMID: 34218442 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We propose a signaling pathway in which cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion components PINCH-1 and kindlin-2 sense mechanical signals from ECM and link them to proline biosynthesis, a vital metabolic pathway for macromolecule synthesis, redox balance, and ECM remodeling. ECM stiffening promotes PINCH-1 expression via integrin signaling, which suppresses dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression and mitochondrial fission, resulting in increased kindlin-2 translocation into mitochondria and interaction with Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase 1 (PYCR1). Kindlin-2 interaction with PYCR1 protects the latter from proteolytic degradation, leading to elevated PYCR1 level. Additionally, PINCH-1 promotes P5C synthase (P5CS) expression and P5C synthesis, which, together with increased PYCR1 level, support augmented proline biosynthesis. This signaling pathway is frequently activated in fibrosis and cancer, resulting in increased proline biosynthesis and excessive collagen matrix production, which in turn further promotes ECM stiffening. Targeting this signaling pathway, therefore, may provide an effective strategy for alleviating fibrosis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chen
- Greater Bay Biomedical InnoCenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Schumacher S, Vazquez Nunez R, Biertümpfel C, Mizuno N. Bottom-up reconstitution of focal adhesion complexes. FEBS J 2021; 289:3360-3373. [PMID: 33999507 PMCID: PMC9290908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FA) are large macromolecular assemblies relevant for various cellular and pathological events such as migration, polarization, and metastatic cancer formation. At FA sites at the migrating periphery of a cell, hundreds of players gather and form a network to respond to extra cellular stimuli transmitted by the integrin receptor, the most upstream component within a cell, initiating the FA signaling pathway. Numerous cellular experiments have been performed to understand the FA architecture and functions; however, their intricate network formation hampers unraveling the precise molecular actions of individual players. Here, in vitro bottom‐up reconstitution presents an advantageous approach for elucidating the FA machinery and the hierarchical crosstalk of involved cellular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schumacher
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roberto Vazquez Nunez
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Biertümpfel
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Bu W, Levitskaya Z, Tan SM, Gao YG. Emerging evidence for kindlin oligomerization and its role in regulating kindlin function. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:256567. [PMID: 33912917 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Kindlins are important positive regulators of integrin activation. The FERM-domain-containing kindlin family comprises three members, kindlin-1, kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 (also known as FERMT1, FERMT2 and FERMT3), which share high sequence similarity (identity >50%), as well as domain organization, but exhibit diverse tissue-specific expression patterns and cellular functions. Given the significance of kindlins, analysis of their atomic structures has been an attractive field for decades. Recently, the structures of kindlin and its β-integrin-bound form have been obtained, which greatly advance our understanding of the molecular functions that involve kindlins. In particular, emerging evidence indicates that oligomerization of kindlins might affect their integrin binding and focal adhesion localization, positively or negatively. In this Review, we presented an update on the recent progress of obtaining kindlin structures, and discuss the implication for integrin activation based on kindlin oligomerization, as well as the possible regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China518055
| | - Zarina Levitskaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore639798
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17
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Phosphorylation of Kindlins and the Control of Integrin Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040825. [PMID: 33916922 PMCID: PMC8067640 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins serve as conduits for the transmission of information between cells and their extracellular environment. Signaling across integrins is bidirectional, transducing both inside-out and outside-signaling. Integrin activation, a transition from a low affinity/avidity state to a high affinity/avidity state for cognate ligands, is an outcome of inside-signaling. Such activation is particularly important for the recognition of soluble ligands by blood cells but also influences cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Integrin activation depends on a complex series of interactions, which both accelerate and inhibit their interconversion from the low to the high affinity/avidity state. There are three components regarded as being most proximately involved in integrin activation: the integrin cytoplasmic tails, talins and kindlins. The participation of each of these molecules in integrin activation is highly regulated by post-translation modifications. The importance of targeted phosphorylation of integrin cytoplasmic tails and talins in integrin activation is well-established, but much less is known about the role of post-translational modification of kindlins. The kindlins, a three-member family of 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin (FERM)-domain proteins in mammals, bind directly to the cytoplasmic tails of integrin beta subunits. This commentary provides a synopsis of the emerging evidence for the role of kindlin phosphorylation in integrin regulation.
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18
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Dudiki T, Mahajan G, Liu H, Zhevlakova I, Bertagnolli C, Nascimento DW, Kothapalli CR, Byzova TV. Kindlin3 regulates biophysical properties and mechanics of membrane to cortex attachment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4003-4018. [PMID: 33783564 PMCID: PMC11071771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Kindlin3 (K3), a FERM domain containing protein expressed in hematopoietic cells controls integrin activation and thus hemostatic and inflammatory responses. However, its role in the mechanics of plasma membrane remains unclear. Here, we show that genetic knockout of K3 in microglia and macrophages resulted in defective plasma membrane tension and membrane blebbing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of K3-deficient cells revealed a significant loss in membrane-to-cortex attachment (MCA), and consequently reduced membrane tension. This loss in MCA is amplified by the mislocalization of the cell cortex proteins-ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM)-to the plasma membrane of microglia and macrophages. Re-expression of K3 in K3-deficient macrophages rescued the defects and localization of ERMs implying a key role for K3 in MCA. Analysis of two K3 mutants, K3int affecting integrin binding and activation, and K3pxn/act disrupting binding to paxillin and actin but not integrin functions, demonstrated that the role of K3 in membrane mechanics is separate from integrin activation. The K3pxn/act mutant substantially diminished both membrane tension and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation to the nucleus, while preserving integrin activation, cell spreading, and migration. Together, our results show that K3 coordinates membrane mechanics, ERM protein recruitment to the membrane, and YAP translocation by linking integrin at the membrane to paxillin and actin of the cytoskeleton. This novel function of K3 is distinct from its role in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejasvi Dudiki
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Irina Zhevlakova
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chase Bertagnolli
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | | | - Chandrasekhar R Kothapalli
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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19
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Structural and functional analysis of LIM domain-dependent recruitment of paxillin to αvβ3 integrin-positive focal adhesions. Commun Biol 2021; 4:380. [PMID: 33782527 PMCID: PMC8007706 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The LIM domain-dependent localization of the adapter protein paxillin to β3 integrin-positive focal adhesions (FAs) is not mechanistically understood. Here, by combining molecular biology, photoactivation and FA-isolation experiments, we demonstrate specific contributions of each LIM domain of paxillin and reveal multiple paxillin interactions in adhesion-complexes. Mutation of β3 integrin at a putative paxillin binding site (β3VE/YA) leads to rapidly inward-sliding FAs, correlating with actin retrograde flow and enhanced paxillin dissociation kinetics. Induced mechanical coupling of paxillin to β3VE/YA integrin arrests the FA-sliding, thereby disclosing an essential structural function of paxillin for the maturation of β3 integrin/talin clusters. Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation unveils the spatial orientation of the paxillin LIM-array, juxtaposing the positive LIM4 to the plasma membrane and the β3 integrin-tail, while in vitro binding assays point to LIM1 and/or LIM2 interaction with talin-head domain. These data provide structural insights into the molecular organization of β3 integrin-FAs.
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20
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Plow EF, Pluskota E, Bialkowska K. Kindlins as modulators of breast cancer progression. JOURNAL OF BREAST CANCER RESEARCH 2021; 1:20-29. [PMID: 35936112 PMCID: PMC9352049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kindlin-1 (K1, FERMT1), Kindlin-2 (K2, FERMT2), and Kindlin-3 (K3, FERMT3) are the three members of the kindlin family of adapter proteins found in mammals. One or more kindlins are found in most cell types, K1 primarily in epithelial cells, K3 in primarily hematopoietic cells and also endothelial cells, and K2 is very broadly distributed. The kindlins consist primarily of a 4.1-erzin-radixin-moiesin (FERM) domain, which is transected by a lipid-binding plextrin-homology (PH) domain. Deficiencies of each kindlin in mice and/ or humans have profound pathogenic consequences. The most well-established function of kindlins depends on their ability to participate in the activat integrin adhesion receptors. This function depends on the binding of each kindlin to the beta subunit of integrins where it cooperates with talin to enhance avidity of interactions with cognate extracellular matrix ligands. Deficiencies of many different integrins are lethal, are critical for normal development of mammary tissue, and excessive expression and/or activation of certain integrins are associated with progression and metastasis of breast cancer. However, via its interaction with many other intracellular proteins, kindlins can influence numerous cellular responses. Changes in expression of each of the three kindlins have been reported in association with breast cancer, with several studies indicating that kindlins are among the most upregulated genes in breast cancer. The association of abnormal functions of K2 with breast cancer is particularly extensive with many reports indicating that it is a major driver of breast cancer via its promotion of cancer cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, invasion, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its influence on macrophage recruitment and phenotype. These associations suggest that the kindlins and their functions represent an intriguing therapeutic target for exploration of breast cancer therapy.
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21
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Zhu L, Plow EF, Qin J. Initiation of focal adhesion assembly by talin and kindlin: A dynamic view. Protein Sci 2020; 30:531-542. [PMID: 33336515 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are integrin-containing protein complexes regulated by a network of hundreds of protein-protein interactions. They are formed in a spatiotemporal manner upon the activation of integrin transmembrane receptors, which is crucial to trigger cell adhesion and many other cellular processes including cell migration, spreading and proliferation. Despite decades of studies, a detailed molecular level understanding on how FAs are organized and function is lacking due to their highly complex and dynamic nature. However, advances have been made on studying key integrin activators, talin and kindlin, and their associated proteins, which are major components of nascent FAs critical for initiating the assembly of mature FAs. This review will discuss the structural and functional findings of talin and kindlin and their immediate interaction network, which will shed light upon the architecture of nascent FAs and how they act as seeds for FA assembly to dynamically regulate diverse adhesion-dependent physiological and pathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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22
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Henning Stumpf B, Ambriović-Ristov A, Radenovic A, Smith AS. Recent Advances and Prospects in the Research of Nascent Adhesions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574371. [PMID: 33343382 PMCID: PMC7746844 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nascent adhesions are submicron transient structures promoting the early adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix. Nascent adhesions typically consist of several tens of integrins, and serve as platforms for the recruitment and activation of proteins to build mature focal adhesions. They are also associated with early stage signaling and the mechanoresponse. Despite their crucial role in sampling the local extracellular matrix, very little is known about the mechanism of their formation. Consequently, there is a strong scientific activity focused on elucidating the physical and biochemical foundation of their development and function. Precisely the results of this effort will be summarized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Henning Stumpf
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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23
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Chen D, Zhang C, Chen J, Yang M, Afzal TA, An W, Maguire EM, He S, Luo J, Wang X, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Xiao Q. miRNA-200c-3p promotes endothelial to mesenchymal transition and neointimal hyperplasia in artery bypass grafts. J Pathol 2020; 253:209-224. [PMID: 33125708 PMCID: PMC7839516 DOI: 10.1002/path.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested a critical role for endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in a variety of pathological conditions. MicroRNA‐200c‐3p (miR‐200c‐3p) has been implicated in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. However, the functional role of miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT and neointimal hyperplasia in artery bypass grafts remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrated a critical role for miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT. Proteomics and luciferase activity assays revealed that fermitin family member 2 (FERM2) is the functional target of miR‐200c‐3p during EndoMT. FERMT2 gene inactivation recapitulates the effect of miR‐200c‐3p overexpression on EndoMT, and the inhibitory effect of miR‐200c‐3p inhibition on EndoMT was reversed by FERMT2 knockdown. Further mechanistic studies revealed that FERM2 suppresses smooth muscle gene expression by preventing serum response factor nuclear translocation and preventing endothelial mRNA decay by interacting with Y‐box binding protein 1. In a model of aortic grafting using endothelial lineage tracing, we observed that miR‐200c‐3p expression was dramatically up‐regulated, and that EndoMT contributed to neointimal hyperplasia in grafted arteries. MiR‐200c‐3p inhibition in grafted arteries significantly up‐regulated FERM2 gene expression, thereby preventing EndoMT and reducing neointimal formation. Importantly, we found a high level of EndoMT in human femoral arteries with atherosclerotic lesions, and that miR‐200c‐3p expression was significantly increased, while FERMT2 expression levels were dramatically decreased in diseased human arteries. Collectively, we have documented an unexpected role for miR‐200c‐3p in EndoMT and neointimal hyperplasia in grafted arteries. Our findings offer a novel therapeutic opportunity for treating vascular diseases by specifically targeting the miR‐200c‐3p/FERM2 regulatory axis. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiangyong Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tayyab A Afzal
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eithne M Maguire
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shiping He
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingchen Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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24
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Kadry YA, Calderwood DA. Chapter 22: Structural and signaling functions of integrins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183206. [PMID: 31991120 PMCID: PMC7063833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors is essential for sensing and adhering to the extracellular environment. Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated α and β subunits that engage extracellular matrix proteins and couple to intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal complexes. Humans have 24 different integrin heterodimers with differing ligand binding specificities and non-redundant functions. Complex structural rearrangements control the ability of integrins to engage ligands and to activate diverse downstream signaling networks, modulating cell adhesion and dynamics, processes which are crucial for metazoan life and development. Here we review the structural and signaling functions of integrins focusing on recent advances which have enhanced our understanding of how integrins are activated and regulated, and the cytoplasmic signaling networks downstream of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America..
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25
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Conformationally active integrin endocytosis and traffic: why, where, when and how? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:83-93. [PMID: 32065228 PMCID: PMC7054750 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for physiological and pathological events in multicellular organisms, such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, leukocytes extravasation, and cancer cell metastatic dissemination. Regulation of integrin adhesive function and signaling relies on the modulation of both conformation and traffic. Indeed, integrins exist in a dynamic equilibrium between a bent/closed (inactive) and an extended/open (active) conformation, respectively endowed with low and high affinity for ECM ligands. Increasing evidence proves that, differently to what hypothesized in the past, detachment from the ECM and conformational inactivation are not mandatory for integrin to get endocytosed and trafficked. Specific transmembrane and cytosolic proteins involved in the control of ECM proteolytic fragment-bound active integrin internalization and recycling exist. In the complex masterplan that governs cell behavior, active integrin traffic is key to the turnover of ECM polymers and adhesion sites, the polarized secretion of endogenous ECM proteins and modifying enzymes, the propagation of motility and survival endosomal signals, and the control of cell metabolism.
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26
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Liu H, Zhu L, Dudiki T, Gabanic B, Good L, Podrez EA, Cherepanova OA, Qin J, Byzova TV. Macrophage Migration and Phagocytosis Are Controlled by Kindlin-3's Link to the Cytoskeleton. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1954-1967. [PMID: 32094207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major myeloid cell functions from adhesion to migration and phagocytosis are mediated by integrin adhesion complexes, also known as adhesome. The presence of a direct integrin binding partner Kindlin-3 is crucial for these functions, and its lack causes severe immunodeficiency in humans. However, how Kindlin-3 is incorporated into the adhesome and how its function is regulated is poorly understood. In this study, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that Kindlin-3 directly interacts with paxillin (PXN) and leupaxin (LPXN) via G43/L47 within its F0 domain. Surprisingly, disruption of Kindlin-3-PXN/LPXN interactions in Raw 264.7 macrophages promoted cell spreading and polarization, resulting in upregulation of both general cell motility and directed cell migration, which is in a drastic contrast to the consequences of Kindlin-3 knockout. Moreover, disruption of Kindlin-3-PXN/LPXN binding promoted the transition from mesenchymal to amoeboid mode of movement as well as augmented phagocytosis. Thus, these novel links between Kindlin-3 and key adhesome members PXN/LPXN limit myeloid cell motility and phagocytosis, thereby providing an important immune regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Tejasvi Dudiki
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Benjamin Gabanic
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Logan Good
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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27
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Starich MR, Tjandra N. The Kindlin Outside Connection. Structure 2020; 27:1615-1616. [PMID: 31693910 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane integrin bridges the extracellular and intracellular environments and is activated by focal adhesion proteins, talin and kindlin. Activated integrin engages ligands from the extracellular matrix and controls intracellular responses. In this issue of Structure, Zhu et al. (2019) describe an initial step involving recruitment of paxillin by ubiquitin-like kindlin-2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Starich
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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