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Rogers GL, Huang C, Mathur A, Huang X, Chen HY, Stanten K, Morales H, Chang CH, Kezirian EJ, Cannon PM. Reprogramming human B cells with custom heavy-chain antibodies. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01240-4. [PMID: 39039240 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin locus of B cells can be reprogrammed by genome editing to produce custom or non-natural antibodies that are not induced by immunization. However, current strategies for antibody reprogramming require complex expression cassettes and do not allow for customization of the constant region of the antibody. Here we show that human B cells can be edited at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus to express heavy-chain-only antibodies that support alterations to both the fragment crystallizable domain and the antigen-binding domain, which can be based on both antibody and non-antibody components. Using the envelope protein (Env) from the human immunodeficiency virus as a model antigen, we show that B cells edited to express heavy-chain antibodies to Env support the regulated expression of B cell receptors and antibodies through alternative splicing and that the cells respond to the Env antigen in a tonsil organoid model of immunization. This strategy allows for the reprogramming of human B cells to retain the potential for in vivo amplification while producing molecules with flexibility of composition beyond that of standard antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L Rogers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Atishay Mathur
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hsu-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kalya Stanten
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heidy Morales
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chan-Hua Chang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Kezirian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paula M Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Xu J, Zhou T, McKee K, Zhang B, Liu C, Nazzari AF, Pegu A, Shen CH, Becker JE, Bender MF, Chan P, Changela A, Chaudhary R, Chen X, Einav T, Kwon YD, Lin BC, Louder MK, Merriam JS, Morano NC, O'Dell S, Olia AS, Rawi R, Roark RS, Stephens T, Teng IT, Tourtellott-Fogt E, Wang S, Yang ES, Shapiro L, Tsybovsky Y, Doria-Rose NA, Casellas R, Kwong PD. Ultrapotent Broadly Neutralizing Human-llama Bispecific Antibodies against HIV-1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309268. [PMID: 38704686 PMCID: PMC11234422 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies are proposed as therapeutic and prophylactic agents against HIV-1, but their potency and breadth are less than optimal. This study describes the immunization of a llama with the prefusion-stabilized HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer, BG505 DS-SOSIP, and the identification and improvement of potent neutralizing nanobodies recognizing the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) of vulnerability. Two of the vaccine-elicited CD4bs-targeting nanobodies, G36 and R27, when engineered into a triple tandem format with llama IgG2a-hinge region and human IgG1-constant region (G36×3-IgG2a and R27×3-IgG2a), neutralized 96% of a multiclade 208-strain panel at geometric mean IC80s of 0.314 and 0.033 µg mL-1, respectively. Cryo-EM structures of these nanobodies in complex with Env trimer revealed the two nanobodies to neutralize HIV-1 by mimicking the recognition of the CD4 receptor. To enhance their neutralizing potency and breadth, nanobodies are linked to the light chain of the V2-apex-targeting broadly neutralizing antibody, CAP256V2LS. The resultant human-llama bispecific antibody CAP256L-R27×3LS exhibited ultrapotent neutralization and breadth exceeding other published HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies, with pharmacokinetics determined in FcRn-Fc mice similar to the parent CAP256V2LS. Vaccine-elicited llama nanobodies, when combined with V2-apex broadly neutralizing antibodies, may therefore be able to fulfill anti-HIV-1 therapeutic and prophylactic clinical goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra F Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jordan E Becker
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael F Bender
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Payton Chan
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Anita Changela
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ridhi Chaudhary
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tal Einav
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Young Do Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jonah S Merriam
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas C Morano
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ryan S Roark
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily Tourtellott-Fogt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rafael Casellas
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Rogers GL, Huang C, Mathur A, Huang X, Chen HY, Stanten K, Morales H, Chang CH, Kezirian EJ, Cannon PM. Reprogramming human B cells with custom heavy chain antibodies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546944. [PMID: 37425794 PMCID: PMC10327003 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe a genome editing strategy to reprogram the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus of human B cells to express custom molecules that respond to immunization. These heavy chain antibodies (HCAbs) comprise a custom antigen-recognition domain linked to an Fc domain derived from the IgH locus and can be differentially spliced to express either B cell receptor (BCR) or secreted antibody isoforms. The HCAb editing platform is highly flexible, supporting antigen-binding domains based on both antibody and non-antibody components, and also allowing alterations in the Fc domain. Using HIV Env protein as a model antigen, we show that B cells edited to express anti-Env HCAbs support the regulated expression of both BCRs and antibodies, and respond to Env antigen in a tonsil organoid model of immunization. In this way, human B cells can be reprogrammed to produce customized therapeutic molecules with the potential for in vivo amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey L. Rogers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Atishay Mathur
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hsu-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kalya Stanten
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heidy Morales
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chan-Hua Chang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric J. Kezirian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paula M. Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Zhang B, Gorman J, Kwon YD, Pegu A, Chao CW, Liu T, Asokan M, Bender MF, Bylund T, Damron L, Gollapudi D, Lei P, Li Y, Liu C, Louder MK, McKee K, Olia AS, Rawi R, Schön A, Wang S, Yang ES, Yang Y, Carlton K, Doria-Rose NA, Shapiro L, Seaman MS, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Bispecific antibody CAP256.J3LS targets V2-apex and CD4-binding sites with high breadth and potency. MAbs 2023; 15:2165390. [PMID: 36729903 PMCID: PMC9897750 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2165390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody CAP256-VRC26.25 targets the second hypervariable region (V2) at the apex of the HIV envelope (Env) trimer with extraordinary neutralization potency, although less than optimal breadth. To improve breadth, we linked the light chain of CAP256V2LS, an optimized version of CAP256-VRC26.25 currently under clinical evaluation, to the llama nanobody J3, which has broad CD4-binding site-directed neutralization. The J3-linked bispecific antibody exhibited improved breadth and potency over both J3 and CAP256V2LS, indicative of synergistic neutralization. The cryo-EM structure of the bispecific antibody in complex with a prefusion-closed Env trimer revealed simultaneous binding of J3 and CAP256V2LS. We further optimized the pharmacokinetics of the bispecific antibody by reducing the net positive charge of J3. The optimized bispecific antibody, which we named CAP256.J3LS, had a half-life similar to CAP256V2LS in human FcRn knock-in mice and exhibited suitable auto-reactivity, manufacturability, and biophysical risk. CAP256.J3LS neutralized over 97% of a multiclade 208-strain panel (geometric mean concentration for 80% inhibition (IC80) 0.079 μg/ml) and 100% of a 100-virus clade C panel (geometric mean IC80 of 0.05 μg/ml), suggesting its anti-HIV utility especially in regions where clade C dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Young D. Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cara W. Chao
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael F. Bender
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leland Damron
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deepika Gollapudi
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paula Lei
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yile Li
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Carlton
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,CONTACT Peter D. Kwong Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
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