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Arenas-Gallo C, Michie M, Jones N, Pronovost PJ, Vince RA. Race-Based Screening under the Public Health Ethics Microscope - The Case of Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med 2024; 391:468-474. [PMID: 39083779 DOI: 10.1056/nejmms2402322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Arenas-Gallo
- From the Departments of Bioethics and Medical Humanities (C.A.-G., M.M.) and Urology (C.A.-G., R.A.V.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and the University Hospitals Health System, Case Western University School of Medicine (P.J.P.) - both in Cleveland; and the Center for Urban Bioethics, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia (N.J.)
| | - Marsha Michie
- From the Departments of Bioethics and Medical Humanities (C.A.-G., M.M.) and Urology (C.A.-G., R.A.V.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and the University Hospitals Health System, Case Western University School of Medicine (P.J.P.) - both in Cleveland; and the Center for Urban Bioethics, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia (N.J.)
| | - Nora Jones
- From the Departments of Bioethics and Medical Humanities (C.A.-G., M.M.) and Urology (C.A.-G., R.A.V.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and the University Hospitals Health System, Case Western University School of Medicine (P.J.P.) - both in Cleveland; and the Center for Urban Bioethics, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia (N.J.)
| | - Peter J Pronovost
- From the Departments of Bioethics and Medical Humanities (C.A.-G., M.M.) and Urology (C.A.-G., R.A.V.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and the University Hospitals Health System, Case Western University School of Medicine (P.J.P.) - both in Cleveland; and the Center for Urban Bioethics, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia (N.J.)
| | - Randy A Vince
- From the Departments of Bioethics and Medical Humanities (C.A.-G., M.M.) and Urology (C.A.-G., R.A.V.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and the University Hospitals Health System, Case Western University School of Medicine (P.J.P.) - both in Cleveland; and the Center for Urban Bioethics, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia (N.J.)
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Romo-Perez A, Domínguez-Gómez G, Chávez-Blanco AD, González-Fierro A, Correa-Basurto J, Dueñas-González A. PaSTe. Blockade of the Lipid Phenotype of Prostate Cancer as Metabolic Therapy: A Theoretical Proposal. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3265-3285. [PMID: 37287286 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230607104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in 112 countries and is the leading cause of death in eighteen. In addition to continuing research on prevention and early diagnosis, improving treatments and making them more affordable is imperative. In this sense, the therapeutic repurposing of low-cost and widely available drugs could reduce global mortality from this disease. The malignant metabolic phenotype is becoming increasingly important due to its therapeutic implications. Cancer generally is characterized by hyperactivation of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. However, prostate cancer is particularly lipidic; it exhibits increased activity in the pathways for synthesizing fatty acids, cholesterol, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). OBJECTIVE Based on a literature review, we propose the PaSTe regimen (Pantoprazole, Simvastatin, Trimetazidine) as a metabolic therapy for prostate cancer. Pantoprazole and simvastatin inhibit the enzymes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), therefore, blocking the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, respectively. In contrast, trimetazidine inhibits the enzyme 3-β-Ketoacyl- CoA thiolase (3-KAT), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of fatty acids (FAO). It is known that the pharmacological or genetic depletion of any of these enzymes has antitumor effects in prostatic cancer. RESULTS Based on this information, we hypothesize that the PaSTe regimen will have increased antitumor effects and may impede the metabolic reprogramming shift. Existing knowledge shows that enzyme inhibition occurs at molar concentrations achieved in plasma at standard doses of these drugs. CONCLUSION We conclude that this regimen deserves to be preclinically evaluated because of its clinical potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romo-Perez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alma D Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora González-Fierro
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Zeigler-Johnson C, McDonald AC, Pinheiro P, Lynch S, Taioli E, Joshi S, Alpert N, Baudin J, Joachim C, Deloumeaux J, Oliver J, Bhakkan-Mambir B, Beaubrun-Renard M, Ortiz AG, Ragin C. Trends in prostate cancer incidence among Black men in the Caribbean and the United States. Prostate 2023; 83:1207-1216. [PMID: 37244749 PMCID: PMC11256998 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer incidence is highest for Black men of the African diaspora in the United States and Caribbean. Recent changes in recommendations for prostate cancer screening have been shown to decrease overall prostate cancer incidence and increase the likelihood of late stage disease. However, it is unclear how trends in prostate cancer characteristics among high risk Black men differ by geographic region during the changes in screening recommendations. METHODS In this study, we used population-based prostate cancer registry data to describe age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence trends from 2008 to 2015 among Black men from six geographic regions. We obtained data on incident Black prostate cancer patients from six cancer registries (in the United States: Florida, Alabama, Pennsylvania, and New York; and in the Caribbean: Guadeloupe and Martinique). After age standardization, we used descriptive analyses to compare the demographics and tumor characteristics by cancer registry site. The Joinpoint regression program was used to compare the trends in incidence by site. RESULTS A total of 59,246 men were analyzed. We found the highest incidence rates (per 100,000) for prostate cancer in the Caribbean countries (181.99 in Martinique and 176.62 in Guadeloupe) and New York state (178.74). Incidence trends decreased significantly over time at all sites except Martinique, which also showed significantly increasing rates of late stage (III/IV) and Gleason score 7+ tumors. CONCLUSIONS We observed significant differences in prostate cancer incidence trends among Black men after major changes prostate screening recommendations. Future studies will examine the factors that differentially influence prostate cancer trends among the African diaspora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alicia C. McDonald
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Paulo Pinheiro
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Baudin
- Unité Fonctionnelle Recherche en Cancérologie UF3596, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Clarisse Joachim
- Registre Général des cancers de la Martinique UF1441, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Jacqueline Deloumeaux
- Registre Général des cancers de la Guadeloupe, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | | | - Bernard Bhakkan-Mambir
- Registre Général des cancers de la Guadeloupe, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Murielle Beaubrun-Renard
- Registre Général des cancers de la Martinique UF1441, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
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Boo Y, Chung JH, Kang M, Sung HH, Jeon HG, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Lee HM, Song W. Comparison of Prostate-Specific Antigen and Its Density and Prostate Health Index and Its Density for Detection of Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1912. [PMID: 37509551 PMCID: PMC10377372 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) has increased, screening based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has become controversial due to the low specificity of PSA. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic performance of prostate health index (PHI) density (PHID) for the detection of PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) compared to PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and PHI as a triaging test. We retrospectively reviewed 306 men who underwent prostate biopsy for PSA levels of 2.5 to 10 ng/mL between January 2020 and April 2023. Of all cohorts, 86 (28.1%) and 48 (15.7%) men were diagnosed with PCa and csPCa, respectively. In ROC analysis, the highest AUC was identified for PHID (0.812), followed by PHI (0.791), PSAD (0.650), and PSA (0.571) for PCa. A similar trend was observed for csPCa: PHID (AUC 0.826), PHI (AUC 0.796), PSAD (AUC 0.671), and PSA (0.552). When the biopsy was restricted to men with a PHID ≥ 0.56, 26.5% of unnecessary biopsies could be avoided; however, 9.3% of PCa cases and one csPCa case (2.1%) remained undiagnosed. At approximately 90% sensitivity for csPCa, at the given cut-off values of PHI ≥ 36.4, and PHID ≥ 0.91, 48.7% and 49.3% of unnecessary biopsies could be avoided. In conclusion, PHID had a small advantage over PHI, about 3.6%, for the reduction in unnecessary biopsies for PCa. The PHID and PHI showed almost the same diagnostic performance for csPCa detection. PHID can be used as a triaging test in a clinical setting to pre-select the risk of PCa and csPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Boo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwan Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Gyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chang Jeong
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Il Seo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Moo Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Song
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Urinary PCA3 a Superior Diagnostic Biomarker for Prostate Cancer among Ghanaian Men. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1686991. [PMID: 36246565 PMCID: PMC9568348 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1686991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been the biomarker of choice for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, inefficiencies exist with its diagnostic capabilities. This study thus evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of urinary PCA3 as an alternative biomarker for prostate cancer in the Ghanaian population. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Urology Department of the 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana. A total of 237 participants aged 40 years and above with any form of suspected prostate disorder were recruited into the study after written informed consent was obtained. Total serum PSA levels was measured using the electrochemiluminescence method and transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsies were obtained from each study participant. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of serum PSA, DRE, and PCA3 as diagnostic tools for prostate cancer. These three diagnostic tools were also evaluated in various combinations to ascertain the combinations with the best diagnostic accuracy. Results. Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 26.6% of the participants. Benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatitis were diagnosed in 48.5% and 24.9% participants, respectively. DRE had a sensitivity of 93.7% and a specificity of 12.1%. PSA had a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 16.1%. PCA3 had a sensitivity of 57.1% and a specificity of 85.6% and showed a better accuracy (
) compared to PSA (
) and DRE (
) as individual diagnostic tools. The combination of DRE+PCA3 score had the best diagnostic accuracy (
) with a sensitivity and specificity of 60.3% and 80.5%, respectively. Conclusion. The urinary PCA3 assay showed a better diagnostic performance compared to serum PSA and DRE. PCA3 as a stand-alone and in combination with DRE could be a suitable complimentary marker in diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.
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Wei X, Xu J, Zhong S, Zou J, Cheng Z, Ding Z, Zhou X. Diagnostic value of combining PI-RADS v2.1 with PSAD in clinically significant prostate cancer. ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY (NEW YORK) 2022; 47:3574-3582. [PMID: 35788882 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the diagnostic value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) for clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa). We also aimed to combine PI-RADS v2.1 with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) derivatives to improve the predictive value of CsPCa. METHODS We retrospectively collected relevant data who underwent standard MRI examinations of the prostate and subjected to a prostate biopsy at Shenzhen People's hospital from November 2014 to November 2019. Included 125 cases of CsPCa and 383 cases of non-CsPCa. All cases were scored using the PI-RADS v2.1. The clinical data collected included age, PSA, free PSA/total PSA, prostate volume and PSA density (PSAD). A univariate analysis was performed to identify statistically significant indicators. Logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of the multi-parameter combination on CsPCa. RESULTS Except age, the difference in all of indicators between the CsPCa group and non-CsPCa group was statistically significant. The PI-RADS score and PSAD value had the highest diagnostic value. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the PI-RADS score and PSAD value were independent predictors of CsPCa, with a regression model AUC of 0.935. CsPCa detection rates were low when the PI-RADS score ≤ 2 or the PI-RADS score = 3 and the PSAD value ≤ 0.33 ng/ml/ml. CONCLUSION Combining the PI-RADS score and PSAD value improved the predictive performance of CsPCa. Patients with a PI-RADS score ≤ 2 or a PI-RADS score = 3 and a PSAD value ≤ 0.33 ng/ml/ml can avoid an unnecessary biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO.3025, Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jinsen Zou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhiguang Ding
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, NO.3025, Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen, 518036, China.
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7
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Liu X, Li WJ, Puzanov I, Goodrich DW, Chatta G, Tang DG. Prostate cancer as a dedifferentiated organ: androgen receptor, cancer stem cells, and cancer stemness. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:291-303. [PMID: 35866337 PMCID: PMC9484140 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression is characterized and driven by gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype and gain of stem cell-like features. In prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important for cancer growth, progression, and emergence of therapy resistance. Targeting the AR signaling axis has been, over the decades, the mainstay of PCa therapy. However, AR signaling at the transcription level is reduced in high-grade cancer relative to low-grade PCa and loss of AR expression promotes a stem cell-like phenotype, suggesting that emergence of resistance to AR-targeted therapy may be associated with loss of AR signaling and gain of stemness. In the present mini-review, we first discuss PCa from the perspective of an abnormal organ with increasingly deregulated differentiation, and discuss the role of AR signaling during PCa progression. We then focus on the relationship between prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) and AR signaling. We further elaborate on the current methods of using transcriptome-based stemness-enriched signature to evaluate the degree of oncogenic dedifferentiation (cancer stemness) in pan-cancer datasets, and present the clinical significance of scoring transcriptome-based stemness across the spectrum of PCa development. Our discussions highlight the importance to evaluate the dynamic changes in both stem cell-like features (stemness score) and AR signaling activity across the PCa spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
| | - Wen Jess Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
- Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
- Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
- Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, U.S.A
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Ménard T. Good quality practices for artificial intelligence in genetics. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:993-995. [PMID: 35132174 PMCID: PMC9437024 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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9
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Clinical Utility of Prostate Health Index for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with PI-RADS 3 Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174174. [PMID: 36077710 PMCID: PMC9454669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADSv2) score-3 lesions is equivocal; it is regarded as an intermediate status of presented PCa. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of the prostate health index (PHI) for the diagnosis of PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) in patients with PI-RADSv2 score-3 lesions. The study cohort included patients who underwent a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided, cognitive-targeted biopsy for PI-RADSv2 score-3 lesions between November 2018 and April 2021. Before prostate biopsy, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) derivatives, such as total PSA (tPSA), [-2] proPSA (p2PSA) and free PSA (fPSA) were determined. The calculation equation of PHI is as follows: [(p2PSA/fPSA) × tPSA ½]. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the values of PSA derivatives measured by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were compared. For this study, csPCa was defined as Gleason grade 2 or higher. Of the 392 patients with PI-RADSv2 score-3 lesions, PCa was confirmed in 121 (30.9%) patients, including 59 (15.1%) confirmed to have csPCa. Of all the PSA derivatives, PHI and PSA density (PSAD) showed better performance in predicting overall PCa and csPCa, compared with PSA (all p < 0.05). The AUC of the PHI for predicting overall PCa and csPCa were 0.807 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.710−0.906, p = 0.001) and 0.819 (95% CI: 0.723−0.922, p < 0.001), respectively. By the threshold of 30, PHI was 91.7% sensitive and 46.1% specific for overall PCa, and was 100% sensitive for csPCa. Using 30 as a threshold for PHI, 34.4% of unnecessary biopsies could have been avoided, at the cost of 8.3% of overall PCa, but would include all csPCa.
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10
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Loloi J, Wei M, Babar M, Zhu D, Fram EB, Maria P. Rates of False-Negative Screening in Prostate Specific Antigen Secondary to 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor Usage: A Quality-Improvement Initiative. Int Braz J Urol 2022; 48:688-695. [PMID: 35594325 PMCID: PMC9306367 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients often take 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, 5-ARIs can decrease prostate specific antigen (PSA) by approximately half and therefore may lead to false negative PSA tests. We investigated false-screening rates in men on 5-ARIs undergoing PSA testing and whether ordering physicians noticed false negative findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single institution, retrospective study was conducted on patients with a PSA value documented between 2014 and 2017. Patient demographics, PSA results, 5-ARI usage, and providing clinician characteristics were collected. Published normal PSA values were used to determine PSA test positivity; values for those on 5-ARIs were doubled. RESULTS A total of 29,131 men were included. 1,654 (5.7%) were prescribed 5-ARIs at least 12 months prior to PSA evaluation. 118 men (7.1%) had a value that would be positive if corrected for 5-ARI usage, 33 (27.9%) of which had no indication that the provider had noted this. There was no effect on rates of false negative values if the PSA was ordered by a different provider than the one who prescribed the 5-ARI (p = 0.837). However, if the provider who ordered the PSA test was an urologist, the likelihood that a false negative value would be identified was lower (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS More than a quarter of men with false negative tests were missed. This occurred more often when the ordering provider was not an urologist. An educational opportunity exists to improve the quality of PSA testing by preventing false negative tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Loloi
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Wei
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Denzel Zhu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ethan B Fram
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pedro Maria
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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11
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Kim IE, Kim DD, Kim S, Ma S, Jang TL, Singer EA, Ghodoussipour S, Kim IY. Changes in prostate cancer survival among insured patients in relation to USPSTF screening recommendations. BMC Urol 2022; 22:91. [PMID: 35752822 PMCID: PMC9233816 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's (USPSTF) 2012 recommendation against prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer on survival disparities based on insurance status. Prior to the USPSTF's 2012 screening recommendation, previous studies found that insured patients with prostate cancer had better outcomes than uninsured patients. METHODS Using the SEER 18 database, we examined prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) based on diagnostic time period and insurance status. Patients were designated as belonging to the pre-USPSTF era if diagnosed in 2010-2012 or post-USPSTF era if diagnosed in 2014-2016. PCSS was measured with the Kaplan-Meier method, while disparities were measured with the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS During the pre-USPSTF era, uninsured patients experienced worse PCSS compared to insured patients (adjusted HR 1.256, 95% CI 1.037-1.520, p = 0.020). This survival disparity was no longer observed during the post-USPSTF era as a result of decreased PCSS among insured patients combined with unchanged PCSS among uninsured patients (adjusted HR 0.946, 95% CI 0.642-1.394, p = 0.780). CONCLUSIONS Although the underlying reasons are not clear, the USPSTF's 2012 PSA screening recommendation may have hindered insured patients from being regularly screened for prostate cancer and selectively led to worse outcomes for insured patients without affecting the survival of uninsured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac E Kim
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel D Kim
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sinae Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas L Jang
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eric A Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saum Ghodoussipour
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Avenue, Fitkin 307, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Abstract
After lung, prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and fourth in cancer-related mortality. The etiology is largely unknown and no clear risk factors have been identified. Primary prevention is therefore challenging. Also, secondary prevention, screening, in large populations is difficult. Germline mutations are implicated in hereditary prostate cancer, accounting for about 10% of screened men. Currently, only prostate-specific antigen test is adopted for early detection but is considered insufficient to further improve prevention and care. In this opinion article, we discuss novel diagnostic biomarkers and imaging tools, along with more promising targeted prostate biopsies.
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13
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Said R, Jenni R, Boussetta S, Ammous F, Zouari S, Zaghbib S, Chakroun M, Derouiche A, Chebil M, Ouerhani S. Association of a common genetic variant (insertion/deletion) in ACE gene with prostate cancer susceptibility in a Tunisian population. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24129. [PMID: 34799866 PMCID: PMC8761439 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) plays a pivotal role in several pathologies including cancers. The association of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene with prostate cancer (PC) risk remains controversial. We aimed to investigate for the first time, to our Knowledge, in North Africa the potential relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism with PC susceptibility and clinical outcomes of PC patients. Methods This case‐control study included 143 healthy individuals and 124 patients diagnosed with PC. Using genomic DNA, the samples were genotyped for ACE I/D polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We found that The D allele is significantly associated with an increased risk of PC and D/D + D/I genotypes were at 3 times increased risk of PC ([p = 0.005], OR = 2.95, IC 95% = 1.26–7.09) compared with I/I genotype (p = 0.003, OR = 0.3, IC 95% = 0.12–0.74). We observed an association between D/D and D/I genotypes with advanced age (≥70 years) (p = 0.014; r2 = 0.22). Furthermore, there is a significant prediction of advanced Gleason score ≥8 based on epidemiological parameters and ACE genotype (p = 0.000; R2 = 0.349), although no significant association was observed with stage and metastasis. Conclusion The ACE I/D polymorphism is likely to predispose to PC and could play a role in PC progression and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Said
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bio-active Molecules, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology - University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Jenni
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bio-active Molecules, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology - University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Boussetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis
| | - Feryel Ammous
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis
| | - Skander Zouari
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Selim Zaghbib
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Amine Derouiche
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chebil
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bio-active Molecules, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology - University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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14
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Scailteux LM, Capelle V, Balusson F, Oger E, Vincendeau S, Mathieu R, Chapron A. Changes in prostate cancer screening practice by blood PSA testing between 2011 and 2017, a French population-based study. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:1435-1441. [PMID: 34134580 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1944075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the trend of first blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test prescription in France between 2011 and 2017, based on the assumption that prostate cancer (PCa) screening is expected to decline over the years. METHOD Using a representative sample of the French population from the French Health Insurance database, we identified 50-52-year-old men without PCa and without any blood PSA test in the five years before 2011, 2014 and 2017 (January 1-December 31 of each year). For each of these three years, the primary outcome was the first reimbursement of a blood PSA test. We used a logistic regression model with first blood PSA test as the outcome and year as the main explanatory variable. As secondary objectives, we also identified the prescriber's specialty, the urological consultation frequency, and the number of prostate biopsies in the year after the first blood PSA test reimbursement (only for 2011 and 2014). RESULTS In 2011, 2014 and 2017, 5 275, 5 792 and 5 887 50-52-year-old men, respectively, were included. The percentage of patients with a first blood PSA test prescription decreased linearly from 2011 to 2017: 15.7% in 2011, 13.2% in 2014, and 12.4% in 2017 (p < .001). Blood PSA testing was mainly prescribed by general practitioners (>95%). The median interval between PSA tests was 13 months in 2011 and 14 months in 2014. Fewer than 10% of men had ≥1 consultation with an urologist during the year after the first blood PSA test. After the first blood PSA test, eight prostate biopsies were performed in 2011 and two in 2014. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that in France, PCa screening is a primary care issue. Although PCa screening remains controversial and confusion exists about the best practice, our study showed a linear decrease of blood PSA test prescriptions for 50-52-year-old men between 2011 and 2017, although the reason for screening was unknown. As clinical information was not available, additional evidence is needed to determine the real impact of this decrease on the cancer-specific and overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie-Marie Scailteux
- Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Information Center, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, REPERES [Pharmacoepidemiology and Heath Services Research], Rennes, France
| | | | - Frédéric Balusson
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, REPERES [Pharmacoepidemiology and Heath Services Research], Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Oger
- Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Information Center, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, REPERES [Pharmacoepidemiology and Heath Services Research], Rennes, France
| | | | - Romain Mathieu
- Urology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Anthony Chapron
- Département de Médecine Générale, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, CIC 1414 (Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Rennes), Rennes, France
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15
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Darré T, Djiwa T, Kpatcha TM, Sidibé A, Sewa E, Botcho G, Padja E, Napo-Koura G. Prostate cancer screening: A survey of medical students' knowledge in Lome, Togo, and associated determinants in a resource-limited African context. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211032812. [PMID: 34349998 PMCID: PMC8287366 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211032812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess the knowledge of medical students in Lomé about these means of screening for prostate cancer in a context of limited resources and controversy about prostate cancer screening, and to identify the determinants associated with these results. METHODS This was a prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in the form of a survey of medical students regularly enrolled at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lomé for the 2019-2020 academic years. RESULTS Of the 1635 eligible students, 1017 correctly completed the form, corresponding to a rate of 62.20%. The average age was 22 ± 3.35 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 2.5. Undergraduate students were the most represented (53.69%). Students who had not received any training on prostate cancer were the most represented (57.13%). Only 12.88% of the students had completed a training course in urology. Concerning the prostate-specific antigen blood test, there was a statistically significant relationship between the students' knowledge and some of their socio-demographic characteristics, namely age (p value = 0.0037; 95% confidence interval (0.50-1.77)); gender (p value = 0.0034; 95% confidence interval (1.43-2.38)); study cycle (p value ˂ 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (0.56-5.13)) and whether or not they had completed a placement in a urology department (p value ˂ 0.0001; 95% confidence interval (0.49-1.55)). On the contrary, there was no statistically significant relationship between students' knowledge of the digital rectal examination and their study cycle (p value = 0.082; 95% confidence interval (0.18-3.44)). CONCLUSION Medical students in Lomé have a good theoretical knowledge and a fair practical level of the digital rectal examination clinical examination and an average theoretical knowledge and a below average practical level of prostate-specific antigen, increasing however along the curriculum in the context of prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchin Darré
- Department of Pathology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Toukilnan Djiwa
- Department of Pathology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Albadia Sidibé
- Department of Pathology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Edoé Sewa
- Department of Urology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gnimdou Botcho
- Department of Urology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Essodina Padja
- Department of Urology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Gado Napo-Koura
- Department of Pathology, University
Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
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16
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McKenzie BA. Rational use of diagnostic and screening tests. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:1016-1021. [PMID: 34196003 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Veterinarians have a vast and ever-expanding array of diagnostic tests available to them. However, this abundance can be an embarrassment of riches that confounds diagnosis and undermines patient care if we do not make critical and informed decisions about the selection and interpretation of the tests we employ. Effective use of diagnostic tests requires a deliberate and informed approach. We must consider the strengths and weaknesses of the tests themselves and the clinical context, and we must be wary of the many biases that skew our use and interpretation of diagnostic tests. Understanding sensitivity and specificity, likelihood, prevalence and predictive value, the basic principles of Bayesian reasoning, and the cognitive biases that drive inappropriate testing are all critical to ensuring our use of imaging and laboratory testing improves patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A McKenzie
- Adobe Animal Hospital, 4470 El Camino Real, Los Altos, CA, 94022, USA
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17
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All-Cause Mortality Risk in National Prostate Cancer Cohort: An Impact of Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112459. [PMID: 34206127 PMCID: PMC8199572 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate all-cause mortality risk differences before and during prostate cancer screening, with a profound focus on the differences between screened and not-screened patient groups. Prostate cancer cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2016 were identified from the population-based Lithuanian Cancer Registry and linked with screening status in the National Health Insurance Fund database. The analysis was stratified by a period of diagnosis and screening status. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were used to assess all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk. The SMRs were calculated by dividing the observed number of deaths among prostate cancer patients by the expected number of deaths from the general population. All-cause SMR (1.45 (95% CI 1.42-1.48)) in the pre-screening period was higher compared to the screening period (SMR = 1.17 (95% CI 1.15-1.19)). An increased all-cause mortality risk among prostate cancer patients was observed in the not-screened patient population (SMR = 1.76 (95% CI 1.71-1.82)), while all-cause mortality risk in the screened patient population was similar to the general population (SMR = 1.00 (95% CI 0.97-1.02)). Screened patients with localized stage of disease had lower all-cause mortality risk than the general population (SMR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.70-0.75)). In conclusion, men with prostate cancer in Lithuania had excess all-cause mortality risk compared to the general population. The all-cause mortality risk among screened patients was not higher than expected.
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18
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Ashi K, Kirkham B, Chauhan A, Schultz SM, Brake BJ, Sehgal CM. Quantitative colour Doppler and greyscale ultrasound for evaluating prostate cancer. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2021; 29:106-111. [PMID: 33995557 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x20952825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Although transrectal ultrasound is routinely performed for imaging prostate lesions, colour Doppler imaging visualizing vascularity is not commonly used for diagnosis. The goal of this study was to measure vascular and echogenic differences between malignant and benign lesions of the prostate by quantitative colour Doppler and greyscale transrectal ultrasound. Methods Greyscale and colour Doppler ultrasound images of the prostate were acquired in 16 subjects with biopsy-proven malignant or benign lesions. Echogenicity and microvascular flow velocity of each lesion were measured by quantitative image analysis. Flow velocity was measured over several cardiac cycles and the velocity-time waveform was used to determine microvascular pulsatility index and microvascular resistivity index. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the malignant and benign groups. Results Median microvascular flow velocity of the malignant lesions was 1.25 cm/s compared to 0.36 cm/s for the benign lesions. Median pulsatility and resistive indices of the malignant lesions were 1.55 and 0.68, respectively versus 6.38 and 1.0 for the benign lesions. Malignant lesions were more hypoechoic relative to the surrounding tissue, with median echogenicity of 0.24 compared to 0.76 for the benign lesions. The differences between the malignant and benign groups for each measurement were significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion Marked differences were observed in flow velocity, microvascular pulsatility, microvascular resistance, and echogenicity of prostate cancer measured with quantitative colour Doppler and greyscale ultrasound imaging. Vascular differences measured together with echogenicity have the combined potential to characterize malignant and benign prostate lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ashi
- Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Brooke Kirkham
- Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Bonnie J Brake
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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19
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Kim DS, Moon SK, Lim JW, Jeon SH, Lee SH. The Value of Low Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) Scores in Preventing Unnecessary Prostate Biopsies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050413. [PMID: 33923251 PMCID: PMC8145899 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) have become essential tools for prostate cancer evaluation. We evaluated the ability of PI-RADS scores in identifying significant prostate cancer, which would help avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: Patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ≤ 20 ng/mL, who underwent prostate MRI for evaluation from January 2018 to November 2019, were analyzed. Among them, 105 patients who received transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy were included. PSA, PI-RADS scores (low 1–2, high 3–5), biopsy results, and Gleason scores (GS) were evaluated. Biopsies with GS higher than 3 + 4 were considered as significant cancers and biopsies with no cancer or Gleason 3 + 3 were considered insignificant or no cancers. Results: Among the 105 patients, 45 patients had low PI-RADS and 60 had high PI-RADS scores. There were no patients with significant prostate cancer in the low PI-RADS groups. For the high PI-RADS group, 28 (46.7%) patients had significant cancer and 32 (53.3%) had insignificant or no cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of high PI-RADS to detect significant cancer was 100% and 58.4%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 46.7% and negative predictive value was 100%. Conclusions: Low PI-RADS scores on MRI did not show significant prostate cancer and surveillance should be considered in selected cases to prevent unnecessary invasive procedures and overdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Sung-Kyoung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.-K.M.); (J.-W.L.)
| | - Joo-Won Lim
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.-K.M.); (J.-W.L.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Sang-Hyub Lee
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (S.-H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-958-8521
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20
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Bartzatt R. Prostate Cancer: Biology, Incidence, Detection Methods, Treatment Methods, and Vaccines. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:847-854. [PMID: 32091336 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200224100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the prostate are cancers in which most incidences are slow-growing, and in the U.S., a record of 1.2 million new cases of prostate cancer occurred in 2018. The rates of this type of cancer have been increasing in developing nations. The risk factors for prostate cancer include age, family history, and obesity. It is believed that the rate of prostate cancer is correlated with the Western diet. Various advances in methods of radiotherapy have contributed to lowering morbidity. Therapy for hormone- refractory prostate cancer is making progress, for almost all men with metastases will proceed to hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Smoking cigarettes along with the presence of prostate cancer has been shown to cause a higher risk of mortality in prostate cancer. The serious outcome of incontinence and erectile dysfunction result from the cancer treatment of surgery and radiation, particularly for prostate- specific antigen detected cancers that will not cause morbidity or mortality. Families of patients, as well as patients, are profoundly affected following the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Poor communication between spouses during prostate cancer increases the risk for poor adjustment to prostate cancer. The use of serum prostate-specific antigen to screen for prostate cancer has led to a greater detection, in its early stage, of this cancer. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in American men, accounting for more than 29% of all diagnosed cancers and about 13% of all cancer deaths. A shortened course of hormonal therapy with docetaxel following radical prostatectomy (or radiation therapy) for high-risk prostate cancer has been shown to be both safe and feasible. Patients treated with docetaxel-estramustine had a prostate-specific antigen response decline of at least 50%. Cancer vaccines are an immune-based cancer treatment that may provide the promise of a non-toxic but efficacious therapeutic alternative for cancer patients. Further studies will elucidate improved methods of detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Bartzatt
- Durham Science Center, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68182, United States
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21
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Stockert JA, Weil R, Yadav KK, Kyprianou N, Tewari AK. Pseudouridine as a novel biomarker in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:63-71. [PMID: 32712138 PMCID: PMC7880613 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epitranscriptomic analysis has recently led to the profiling of modified nucleosides in cancer cell biological matrices, helping to elucidate their functional roles in cancer and reigniting interest in exploring their use as potential markers of cancer development and progression. Pseudouridine, one of the most well-known and the most abundant of the RNA nucleotide modifications, is the C5-glycoside isomer of uridine and its distinctive physiochemical properties allows it to perform many essential functions. Pseudouridine functionally (a) confers rigidity to local RNA structure by enhancing RNA stacking, engaging in a cooperative effect on neighboring nucleosides that overall contributes to RNA stabilization (b) refines the structure of tRNAs, which influences their decoding activity (c) facilitates the accuracy of decoding and proofreading during translation and efficiency of peptide bond formation, thus collectively improving the fidelity of protein biosynthesis and (e) dynamically regulates mRNA coding and translation. Biochemical synthesis of pseudouridine is carried out by pseudouridine synthases. In this review we discuss the evidence supporting an association between elevated pseudouridine levels with the incidence and progression of human prostate cancer and the translational significance of the value of this modified nucleotide as a novel biomarker in prostate cancer progression to advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Stockert
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Rachel Weil
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Kamlesh K Yadav
- Department of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029.
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
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22
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Prostate Cancer Screening with PSA: Ten Years' Experience of Population Based Early Prostate Cancer Detection Programme in Lithuania. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123826. [PMID: 33255919 PMCID: PMC7760278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to report key performance estimates from the ten years of a population-based prostate cancer screening programme in Lithuania. Retrospective analysis of screening activities recorded in 2006–2015 among men aged 50–74 years was performed. We estimated screening coverage, cancer detection rate, compliance to biopsy, and positive predictive values in each screening round inside and outside the target population. In the first 10 years of screening, 16,061 prostate cancer cases were registered within the screening programme, 10,202 were observed among screened men but reported outside the screening programme, and 1455 prostate cancers were observed in a screening-naïve population. Screening cover reached up to 45.5% of the target population in the recent rounds. The proportion of prostate specific antigen (PSA) test-positive men decreased from 16.9% in 2006 to 10.7% in 2014–2015. Up to 40.0% of PSA test-positive men received a biopsy, of whom 42.0% were positive for prostate cancer. The cancer detection rate was 10.4−15.0% among PSA test-positives and 1.4–1.9% among screened individuals. Screening participants were more likely to be diagnosed with organ-confined disease as compared to non-participants. Despite the unorganized screening practices being employed and low coverage per screening round, 70% of the target population were screened at least once in the first 10 years of screening.
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23
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Lei H, Dong X, Li L, Huan F, Zhong X, Wu Q, Fang H, Zhang T, Yang X, Zhu J, Li J, Jiang Z. Retrospective Study of the Etiology and Risk Factors of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome After Systematic Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3187-3193. [PMID: 32982333 PMCID: PMC7501952 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s256548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the risk factors, pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance of systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx), 329 cases of TRUS-Bx were collected, retrospectively, in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, from April 2017 to October 2019. Methods A total of 329 cases were all qualified and grouped into the SIRS group (25 cases) and the non-SIRS group (304 cases). Of all the cases, incidence and risk factors of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were analyzed. Urine and blood samples of patients with SIRS after TRUS-Bx were also collected for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.34–2.12, P <0.001), history of diabetes (OR = 5.48, 95% CI = 1.53–19.68, P = 0.008), urinary infection before operation (OR = 9.19, 95% CI = 2.92–20.93, P < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) ≥ 20 mm/h (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08, P = 0.039) were independent risk factors of SIRS after TURS-PB. Conclusion The incidence of SIRS and urinary sepsis was 7.59% and 2.13%, respectively, and major pathogens of SIRS after TRUS-Bx were Escherichia coli (58.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%). Imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, piperacillin/tazobactam, teicoplanin, vancomycin, amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam had a very strong inhibitory effect to those pathogenic bacteria (sensitivity 85.72%~100%). Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin G, compound neonomine and second-generation cephalosporins showed less but also worked as a good inhibitor to pathogenic bacteria (42.86%~80.95%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Lei
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyou Dong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Huan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjian Wu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - He Fang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinliang Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
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24
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Vicente‐Ruiz S, Serrano‐Martí A, Armiñán A, Vicent MJ. Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vicente‐Ruiz
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Antoni Serrano‐Martí
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
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25
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Liu X, Zhou M, Wang F, Mubarik S, Wang Y, Meng R, Shi F, Wen H, Yu C. Secular Trend of Cancer Death and Incidence in 29 Cancer Groups in China, 1990-2017: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6221-6238. [PMID: 32801868 PMCID: PMC7398884 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s247648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose China has a heavy cancer burden. We aimed to quantitatively estimate the secular trend of cancer mortality and incidence in China. Methods We extracted numbers, age-specific and age-standardized rates of 29 cancer groups (from 1990 to 2017) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2017. We estimated rates of major cancer types for annual percent change by Joinpoint regression, and for age, period, and cohort effect by an age–period–cohort model. Results In 2017, breast cancer had the highest incidence rate in females. Lung cancer had the highest mortality and incidence rates in males. Although the age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer ranked second highest in males, it increased by 112% from 1990 to 2017. Individuals aged over 50 years were at high risk of developing cancer, and the number of deaths at this age accounted for over 89% of all cancers in all age groups. When compared with the global average level, the age-standardized mortality and incidence rates of both liver and esophageal cancers were 2.1 times higher in China, and stomach, lung and nasopharyngeal cancers in China also had high levels (more than 1.5 times higher). During 1990–2017, most of the 29 cancers exhibited an increasing incidence trend, and Joinpoint regression demonstrated increasing mortality of some major cancers. The period effect indicated that the risk of mortality and incidence due to the main cancers generally increased during 1992–2017. Conclusion Trend analysis provided information on the effects of prevention strategies and targeted interventions on the occurrence of different cancers. Etiological studies need to be conducted on some major cancers in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumaira Mubarik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Runtang Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zhao J, Chang L, Gu X, Liu J, Sun B, Wei X. Systematic profiling of alternative splicing signature reveals prognostic predictor for prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3020-3031. [PMID: 32530556 PMCID: PMC7419053 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) provides the primary mechanism for producing protein diversity. There is growing evidence that AS is involved in the development and progression of cancers. The rapid accumulation of high‐throughput sequencing technologies and clinical data sets offers an opportunity to systematically profile the relationship between mRNA variants and clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis of AS in prostate cancer: Download RNA‐seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. Evaluate RNA splicing patterns by SpliceSeq and calculate splicing percentage (PSI) values. Different expressions were identified as differently expressed AS events (DEAs) based on PSI values. Bioinformatics methods were used for further analysis of DEAs and their splicing networks. Kaplan‐Meier, Cox proportional regression, and unsupervised cluster analysis were used to assess the correlation between DEAs and clinical characteristics. In total, 43 834 AS events were identified, of which 1628 AS events were differentially expressed. The parental genes of these DEAs played a significant role in the regulation of prostate cancer‐related processes. In total, 226 DEAs events were found to be associated with disease‐free survival. Four clusters of molecules with different survival modes were revealed by unsupervised cluster analysis of DEAs. AS events may be important determinants of prognosis and bio‐modulation in prostate cancer. In this study, we established strong prognostic predictors, discovered a splicing network that may be a potential mechanism, and provided further validated therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Zhao
- Department of Urology, ChuiYangLiu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Luchen Chang
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianen Gu
- Department of Urology, ChuiYangLiu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Urology, ChuiYangLiu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Outpatient Office, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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27
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Abstract
The role of prostate MRI in clinical practice has continued to broaden over time. Multiple iterations of PI-RADS reporting have aided in improving detection and reporting of prostate cancer. In addition, recent recommendations from the PI-RADS Steering Committee promote an MRI-first approach with an MRI-directed prostate cancer diagnostic pathway. It is imperative for radiologists to be knowledgeable and familiar with prostate MRI and PI-RADS recommendations, as there is an increasing demand for prostate imaging by clinicians and patients alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Lo
- Division of Body Imaging, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 141, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Daniel J A Margolis
- Division of Body Imaging, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 141, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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28
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Clark DJ, Schnaubelt M, Hoti N, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Gooya M, Zhang H. Impact of Increased FUT8 Expression on the Extracellular Vesicle Proteome in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2195-2205. [PMID: 32378902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication, transporting proteins and nucleic acids to proximal and distal regions. There is evidence of glycosylation influencing protein routing into EVs; however, the impact of aberrant cellular glycotransferase expression on EV protein profiles has yet to be evaluated. In this study, we paired extracellular vesicle characterization and quantitative proteomics to determine the systemic impact of altered α(1,6)fucosyltranferase (FUT8) expression on prostate cancer-derived EVs. Our results showed that increased cellular expression of FUT8 could reduce the number of vesicles secreted by prostate cancer cells as well as increase the abundance of proteins associated with cell motility and prostate cancer metastasis. In addition, overexpression of FUT8 resulted in altered glycans on select EV-derived glycoproteins. This study presents the first evidence of altered cellular glycosylation impacting EV protein profiles and provides further rationale for exploring the functional role of glycosylation in EV biogenesis and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Naseruddin Hoti
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Yangying Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahta Gooya
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
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29
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Pan R, Yang X, Shu Z, Gu Y, Weng L, Jia Y, Feng J. Application of texture analysis based on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images in discriminating Gleason scores of prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 28:1207-1218. [PMID: 32925162 DOI: 10.3233/xst-200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of texture analysis in magnetic resonance images for the evaluation of Gleason scores (GS) of prostate cancer. METHODS Sixty-six prostate cancer patients are retrospective enrolled, which are divided into five groups namely, GS = 6, 3 + 4, 4 + 3, 8 and 9-10 according to postoperative pathological results. Extraction and analysis of texture features in T2-weighted MR imaging defined tumor region based on pathological specimen after operation are performed by texture software OmniKinetics. The values of texture are analyzed by single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman correlation analysis is used to study the correlation between the value of texture and Gleason classification. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is then used to assess the ability of applying texture parameters to predict Gleason score of prostate cancer. RESULTS Entropy value increases and energy value decreases as the elevation of Gleason score, both with statistical difference among five groups (F = 10.826, F = 2.796, P < 0.05). Energy value of group GS = 6 is significantly higher than that of groups GS = 8 and 9-10 (P < 0.005), which is similar between three groups (GS = 3 + 4, 8 and 9-10). The entropy and energy values correlate with GS (r = 0.767, r = -0.692, P < 0.05). Areas under ROC curves (AUC) of combination of entropy and energy are greater than that of using energy alone between groups GS = 6 and ≥7. Analogously, AUC of combination of entropy and energy are significantly higher than that of using entropy alone between groups GS≤3 + 4 and ≥4 + 3, as well as between groups GS≤4 + 3 and ≥8. CONCLUSION Texture analysis on T2-weighted images of prostate cancer can evaluate Gleason score, especially using the combination of entropy and energy rendering better diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruigen Pan
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji affiliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji Fourth People's hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Shu
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji affiliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Weng
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji affiliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuezhu Jia
- Department of Radiology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianju Feng
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji affiliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Muthuswami R, Bailey L, Rakesh R, Imbalzano AN, Nickerson JA, Hockensmith JW. BRG1 is a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15194-15205. [PMID: 30667054 PMCID: PMC6563042 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) is one of two mutually exclusive ATPases that function as the catalytic subunit of human SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling enzymes. BRG1 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in some cancer types but has been shown to be expressed at elevated levels, relative to normal tissue, in other cancers. Using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) prostate cancer database, we determined that BRG1 mRNA and protein expression is elevated in prostate tumors relative to normal prostate tissue. Only 3 of 491 (0.6%) sequenced tumors showed amplification of the locus or mutation in the protein coding sequence, arguing against the idea that elevated expression due to amplification or expression of a mutant BRG1 protein is associated with prostate cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that BRG1 expression in prostate tumors inversely correlated with survival. However, BRG1 expression did not correlate with Gleason score/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group, indicating it is an independent predictor of tumor progression/patient outcome. To experimentally assess BRG1 as a possible therapeutic target, we treated prostate cancer cells with a biologic inhibitor called ADAADi (active DNA-dependent ATPase A Domain inhibitor) that targets the activity of the SNF2 family of ATPases in biochemical assays but showed specificity for BRG1 in prior tissue culture experiments. The inhibitor decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. When directly injected into xenografts established by injection of prostate cancer cells in mouse flanks, the inhibitor decreased tumor growth and increased survival. These results indicate the efficacy of pursuing BRG1 as both an indicator of patient outcome and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Muthuswami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia,School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - LeeAnn Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | | | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A. Nickerson
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts
| | - Joel W. Hockensmith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia
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31
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Zhang H, Shen T, Zhang Z, Li Y, Pan Z. Expression of KIF18A Is Associated with Increased Tumor Stage and Cell Proliferation in Prostate Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6418-6428. [PMID: 31451680 PMCID: PMC6724560 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of KIF18A in tumorigenesis and tumor development has been well studied in several cancers, but not in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated the potential prognostic utility of KIF18A and its role in prostate cancer progression. Material/Methods We collected prostate cancer and paracancerous tissue samples from the same patient. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the KIF18A expression levels in the clinical sample. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed via a bioinformatics approach to gain insight into the relationship between KIF18A expression and prognosis. We examined the effect of KIF18A knockdown on PC-3 cell proliferation via colony formation and MTT assays. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of KIF18A knockdown on PC-3 cell apoptosis. Transwell invasion assay was performed to assess whether KIF18A affects the invasion ability of PC-3 cells. Results The KIF18A protein level was higher in PCa tissue than in paracancerous tissue. The In addition, upregulated KIF18A suggested a poor tumor stage and prognosis for prostate cancer patients. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that KIF18A knockdown in PC-3 cells significantly inhibited proliferation and metastasis. Conclusions High KIF18A expression in prostate cancer patients predicts a poor prognosis. KIF18A knockdown inhibits prostate cell proliferation and metastasis. Therefore, this study confirms the usefulness of KIF18A as an oncological prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Ultrasound Department, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Tianyu Shen
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongjie Pan
- Ultrasound Department, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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32
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Liu X, Yu C, Bi Y, Zhang Z. Trends and age-period-cohort effect on incidence and mortality of prostate cancer from 1990 to 2017 in China. Public Health 2019; 172:70-80. [PMID: 31220754 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Luo X, Khurana JS, Jhala N, Zhao H, Wang H. The Association of Invasive Cribriform Lesions With Adverse Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Outcomes: An Institutional Experience, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 143:1012-1021. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0582-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—
Recent studies and a few reviews suggest that presence of invasive cribriform lesions (ICLs) in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma correlates with adverse outcomes. However, a systematic review with meta-analysis on this correlation is currently lacking.
Objective.—
To compare the likelihood of adverse outcomes by the status of ICLs in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma with the meta-analysis of high-quality published data and institutional experience.
Data Sources.—
PubMed, Scopus, manually searched references, and institutional data.
Study Selection.—
Observational retrospective case-control studies or prospective cohort studies of adverse outcomes stratified by the status of ICLs were selected.
Data Extraction.—
Study quality was analyzed. The prevalence of adverse outcomes stratified by the status of ICLs was extracted.
Conclusions.—
Eighty-five cases were reviewed. Extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis were observed in 18 (45%), 14 (35%), and 7 (17.5%) of the 40 cases with cribriform lesions, respectively. These features were observed in 4 (8.9%), 1 (2.2%), and 0 (0%) of the 45 cases without ICLs. During the follow-up, biochemical prostate-specific antigen recurrence, local recurrence, and metastasis/disease-specific death were documented in 7 (17.5%), 2 (5%), and 2 (5%) of the 40 cases with ICLs. These poor outcomes were found in 6 (13.3%), 1 (2.2%), and 1 (2.2%) of the 45 cases without ICLs. Meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in the risk of adverse outcomes in patients who had ICLs relative to those who did not (odds ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.61–5.97; I2 = 53%; Z = 6.52; P < .01). These results suggest that presence of ICLs is associated with adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunda Luo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Drs Luo, Khurana, Jhala, and Wang); and Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Zhao)
| | - Jasvir S. Khurana
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Drs Luo, Khurana, Jhala, and Wang); and Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Zhao)
| | - Nirag Jhala
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Drs Luo, Khurana, Jhala, and Wang); and Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Zhao)
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Drs Luo, Khurana, Jhala, and Wang); and Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Zhao)
| | - He Wang
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Drs Luo, Khurana, Jhala, and Wang); and Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Zhao)
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Neugut AI, MacLean SA, Dai WF, Jacobson JS. Physician Characteristics and Decisions Regarding Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review. Popul Health Manag 2019; 22:48-62. [DOI: 10.1089/pop.2017.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred I. Neugut
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Wei F. Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Judith S. Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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35
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Zhao H, Zhao X, Lei T, Zhang M. Screening, identification of prostate cancer urinary biomarkers and verification of important spots. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:935-947. [PMID: 30610587 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used as the unique serum biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). When PSA is moderately increased (e.g., 4-10 ng/ml), it is difficult to differentiate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from cancer. The diagnostic test (i.e., prostate biopsy) is invasive, adding pain and economic burden to the patient. Urine samples are more convenient, non-invasive and readily available than blood. We sought to determine whether ferritin might be the potential urinary biomarker in prostate cancer diagnosis. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) followed by mass spectrometry (MS), differentially expressed urinary proteins among patients with PCa, BPH and normal controls were obtained. The ferritin heavy chain (FTH) gene, ferritin light chain (FTL) gene and protein expression of BPH-1 cells and PC-3 cells were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Stable FTH or FTL silenced cell lines were generated by small hairpin(sh) RNA lentiviral transfection. The function of the cell lines was evaluated by the colony formation assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Compared with BPH and normal controls, 15 overexpressed proteins, including FTH and FTL, were identified in the urine of the PCa group. FTH and FTL were also highly expressed in PC-3 cell lines compared with BPH-1 cells. FTH-silenced cells showed reduced cell proliferation, migration and increased cell apoptosis. FTL-silenced cells showed increased proliferation and migration abilities. There are differences in urinary proteins among patients with PCa, BPH and normal controls. FTH and FTL play different roles in PCa cells and are potential biomarkers for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China.
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36
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Altrock PM, Ferlic J, Galla T, Tomasson MH, Michor F. Computational Model of Progression to Multiple Myeloma Identifies Optimum Screening Strategies. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2018; 2:1-12. [PMID: 30652561 PMCID: PMC6873949 DOI: 10.1200/cci.17.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances have uncovered therapeutic interventions that might reduce the risk of progression of premalignant diagnoses, such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM). It remains unclear how to best screen populations at risk and how to evaluate the ability of these interventions to reduce disease prevalence and mortality at the population level. To address these questions, we developed a computational modeling framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used individual-based computational modeling of MGUS incidence and progression across a population of diverse individuals to determine best screening strategies in terms of screening start, intervals, and risk-group specificity. Inputs were life tables, MGUS incidence, and baseline MM survival. We measured MM-specific mortality and MM prevalence after MGUS detection from simulations and mathematic modeling predictions. RESULTS Our framework is applicable to a wide spectrum of screening and intervention scenarios, including variation of the baseline MGUS to MM progression rate and evolving MGUS, in which progression increases over time. Given the currently available point estimate of progression risk reduction to 61% risk, starting screening at age 55 years and performing follow-up screening every 6 years reduced total MM prevalence by 19%. The same reduction could be achieved with starting screening at age 65 years and performing follow-up screening every 2 years. A 40% progression risk reduction per patient with MGUS per year would reduce MM-specific mortality by 40%. Specifically, screening onset age and screening frequency can change disease prevalence, and progression risk reduction changes both prevalence and disease-specific mortality. Screening would generally be favorable in high-risk individuals. CONCLUSION Screening efforts should focus on specifically identified groups with high lifetime risk of MGUS, for which screening benefits can be significant. Screening low-risk individuals with MGUS would require improved preventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Altrock
- Philipp M. Altrock, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Jeremy Ferlic and Franziska Michor, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Franziska Michor, Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Tobias Galla, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and Michael H. Tomasson, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jeremy Ferlic
- Philipp M. Altrock, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Jeremy Ferlic and Franziska Michor, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Franziska Michor, Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Tobias Galla, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and Michael H. Tomasson, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Tobias Galla
- Philipp M. Altrock, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Jeremy Ferlic and Franziska Michor, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Franziska Michor, Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Tobias Galla, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and Michael H. Tomasson, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael H. Tomasson
- Philipp M. Altrock, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Jeremy Ferlic and Franziska Michor, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Franziska Michor, Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Tobias Galla, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and Michael H. Tomasson, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Philipp M. Altrock, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Jeremy Ferlic and Franziska Michor, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Franziska Michor, Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; Tobias Galla, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; and Michael H. Tomasson, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Zhang Z, Xie H, Zhu S, Chen X, Yu J, Shen T, Li X, Shang Z, Niu Y. High Expression of KIF22/Kinesin-Like DNA Binding Protein (Kid) as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Prostate Cancer Patients. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8190-8197. [PMID: 30427826 PMCID: PMC6247746 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kid (kinesin-like DNA binding protein), a member of microtubule-dependent molecular motor proteins, also known as KIF22, is reported to be associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression in different types of malignant tumor, but the biologic behavior and clinical outcome of KIF22 in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been well studied. This study aimed to analyze the association between KIF22 and clinical outcome in PCa patients. Material/Methods The expression of KIF22 in tumor specimens compared with paired paracancerous tissue from 114 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy was detected by immunohistochemistry; results were verified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, the relationship between KIF22 expression and clinical prognosis of PCa patients was then statistically analyzed. Results Both immunohistochemistry and database analysis showed that KIF22 was obviously overexpressed in PCa tissues compared with paracancerous tissue. The overexpression of KIF22 at the protein level was significantly related to higher clinical stage (P=0.025), Gleason score (P=0.002), seminal vesicle invasion (P=0.007), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.009). Furthermore, with the overexpression of KIF22 mRNA level in PCa patients, the oncological prognosis of PCa patients was much poorer. Conclusions High-level expression of KIF22 was related to both tumor progression and adverse clinical outcome. For this reason, KIF22 may become a potential prognostic factor for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Shimiao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xuanrong Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianpeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Tianyun Shen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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38
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Liang Y, Dong B, Shen J, Ma C, Ma Z. Clinical significance of bromodomain-containing protein 7 and its association with tumor progression in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:849-856. [PMID: 30655838 PMCID: PMC6313008 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy in males. The current study assessed the clinical significance of bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) and its association with PCa tumor progression. Serum and tissue expression levels of BRD7 were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of BRD7. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the prognostic performance of BRD7. The association of BRD7 with cell behavior was investigated by transfection with a pcDNA3.1-BRD7 vector. The results revealed that serum and tissue BRD7 expression levels were significantly decreased in PCa samples compared with normal controls (P<0.001). BRD7 expression was significantly associated with the pathological stage (P=0.037), lymph node metastasis (P=0.009) and TNM stage (P=0.010). An area under the ROC curve of 0.864 was obtained, with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.0 and 83.3%, respectively. Low BRD7 expression was significantly associated with a shorter survival time in both overall survival analysis (P=0.003) and cancer-specific survival analysis (P=0.029). Furthermore, BRD7 appeared to serve as an independent prognostic factor for PCa. The proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells were suppressed by BRD7 overexpression. In summary, downregulation of BRD7 in PCa may be involved in tumor progression and serve as an effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Baiping Dong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Jiangwei Shen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Caosheng Ma
- Department of Urology Surgery, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Ma
- Department of Urology Surgery, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
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Impact of United States Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations on Utilization of Prostate-specific Antigen Screening in Medicare Beneficiaries. Am J Clin Oncol 2018; 41:1069-1075. [PMID: 29462124 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies assessing the impact of United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on utilization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening have not investigated longer-term impacts of 2008 recommendations nor have they investigated the impact of 2012 recommendations in the Medicare population. This study aimed to evaluate change in utilization of PSA screening, post-2008 and 2012 USPSTF recommendations, and assessed trends and determinants of receipt of PSA screening in the Medicare population. METHODS This retrospective study of male Medicare beneficiaries utilized Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data and linked administrative claims from 2006 to 2013. Beneficiaries aged ≥65 years, with continuous enrollment in parts A and B for each year they were surveyed were included in the study. Beneficiaries with self-reported/claims-based diagnosis of prostate cancer were excluded. The primary outcome was receipt of PSA screening. Other measures included age groups (65 to 74 and ≥75), time periods (pre-2008/post-2008 and 2012 recommendations), and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 11,028 beneficiaries, who were predominantly white (87.56%), married (69.25%), and unemployed (84.4%); 52.21% beneficiaries were aged ≥75. Declining utilization trends for PSA screening were observed in men aged ≥75 after 2008 recommendations and in both age groups after 2012 recommendations. The odds of receiving PSA screening declined by 17% in men aged ≥75 after 2008 recommendations and by 29% in men aged ≥65 after 2012 recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The 2008 and 2012 USPSTF recommendations against PSA screening were associated with declines in utilization of PSA screening during the study period. USPSTF recommendations play a significant role in affecting utilization patterns of health services.
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40
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Zhao H, Ma J, Lei T, Ma W, Zhang M. The bispecific anti-CD3 × anti-CD155 antibody mediates T cell immunotherapy for human prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:810-817. [PMID: 30374653 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Expression of CD155 differs between tumor and normal tissues, and high expression of this molecule can promote tumor metastasis. Here, we investigate whether CD155 can serve as a target for T cell-mediated immunotherapy of human prostate cancer. We first demonstrate that prostate cancer cells, including PC-3, PC-3 M, and LNCAP cells, express CD155 at high levels. Next, the specific cytotoxic activity of activated T cells (ATCs) armed with a novel anti-CD3 × anti-CD155 bispecific antibody (CD155Bi-Ab) against tumor cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH), and ELISA. In contrast to unarmed ATCs, an increase in the cytotoxic activity of CD155Bi-armed ATCs against tumor cells was observed at an effector/target (E/T) ratio of 5:1. Moreover, CD155Bi-armed ATCs secreted more IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and expressed higher levels of the activation marker CD69 than did unarmed ATCs. As CD155 Bi-Ab enhances the ability of ATCs to kill prostate cancer cells, CD155 is an effective target for cytotoxic T cells in human prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Wanru Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tieyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, 100038, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100038, China.
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41
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Huang ZG, He RQ, Mo ZN. Prognostic value and potential function of splicing events in prostate adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2473-2487. [PMID: 30221674 PMCID: PMC6203144 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is one of the most common types of malignancy in males and at present, effective prognostic indicators are limited. The development of PRAD has been associated with abnormalities in alternative splicing (AS), a requisite biological process of gene expression in eukaryotic cells; however, the prognostic value of AS products and splicing events remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the data of splicing events and the clinical information of PRAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)SpliceSeq and TCGA databases, respectively. A prognostic index (PI) was generated from disease-free survival-associated splicing events (DFS-SEs), which were identified by univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis. A total of 6,909 DFS-SEs were identified in PRAD. The corresponding genes for the DFS-SEs were significantly enriched in mitochondria and their associated pathways according to Gene Ontology annotation and in the pathways of fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and Huntington's disease according to a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. The PI for mutually exclusive exons had the greatest ability to predict the probability of five-year disease-free survival of patients with PRAD, with an area under the time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.7606. Patients with PRAD, when divided into a 'low' and a 'high' group based on their median PI for exon skip values, exhibited a marked difference in disease-free survival (low vs. high, 3,588.45±250.51 vs. 1,531.08±136.50 days; P=7.43×10−9). A correlation network between DFS-SEs of splicing factors and non-splicing factors was constructed to determine the potential mechanisms in PRAD, which included the potential regulatory interaction between the splicing event of splicing factor RNA binding motif protein 5-alternate terminator (AT)-64957 and the splicing event of non-splicing factor heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3-AT-939. In conclusion, the PIs derived from DFS-SEs are valuable prognostic factors for patients with PRAD, and the function of splicing events in PRAD deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guang Huang
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zeng-Nan Mo
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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42
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Ostadrahimi S, Abedi Valugerdi M, Hassan M, Haddad G, Fayaz S, Parvizhamidi M, Mahdian R, Fard Esfahani P. miR-1266-5p and miR-185-5p Promote Cell Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2305-2311. [PMID: 30141307 PMCID: PMC6171381 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Small non-coding RNA molecules are dysregulated in prostate cancer (PCa). In our previous study, downregulation of miR-1266 and miR-185 was demonstrated in PCa tissues and cell lines. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether miR-1266 and miR-185 are involved in the regulation of B-cell lymphoma (BCL) 2 and BCL2L1, respectively, and whether transfection of PCa cell lines with miR-1266 and miR-185 mimics can alter tumorigenic phenotypes. Methods: In order to investigate the regulation of BCL2 and BCL2L1 mRNA levels by miR-1266 and miR-185, respectively, a luciferase reporter assay was used. Real-time PCR was also used to analyze changes in the levels of BCL2 and BCL2L1 mRNAs in PCa cell lines following transfection with synthetic miR-1266 and miR-185. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V protein expression analysis via flow cytometry. In addition to the MTT assay, a cell proliferation assay was performed. Result: A luciferase assay confirmed that the BCL2 and BCL2L1 genes may be targeted by miR-1266 and miR-185, respectively, through binding to their 3′UTR regions. Transfection of PC3 and DU145 cells with miR-1266 and miR-185 induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation, which also revealed an inverse correlation with BCL2 and BCL2L1 gene expression in the treated cells. Conclusion: Our data suggests that miR-1266 and miR-185 may be novel candidates for further research in PCa treatment through the anti-apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ostadrahimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. ,
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43
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Basch CH, Ethan D, MacLean SA, Fera J, Garcia P, Basch CE. Readability of Prostate Cancer Information Online: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1665-1669. [PMID: 29888641 PMCID: PMC6142125 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318780864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading and understanding health information, both components of health literacy, can influence patient decisions related to disease management. Older adults, the population of males at greatest risk for prostate cancer, may have compromised capacity to understand and use health information. The purpose of this study was to determine the readability of prostate cancer materials on the Internet using five recommended readability tests. Using a cleared Internet browser, a search was conducted for "prostate cancer." The URLs of the first 100 websites in English were recorded to create the sample. The readability scores for each website were determined using an online, recommended service. This service generates five commonly recommended readability tests. All five tests revealed that the majority of websites had difficult readability. There were no significant differences identified between websites with .org, .gov, or .edu extension versus those with .com, .net, or other extension. It is apparent that the Internet is used often as a resource for health-related information. This study demonstrates that the large majority of information available on the Internet about prostate cancer will not be readable for many individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey H Basch
- 1 Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
| | - Danna Ethan
- 2 Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A MacLean
- 3 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Fera
- 4 Department of Mathematics, Lehman College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Garcia
- 1 Department of Public Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
| | - Charles E Basch
- 5 Richard March Hoe Professor of Health and Education, Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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44
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Ostadrahimi S, Fayaz S, Parvizhamidi M, Abedi-Valugerdi M, Hassan M, Kadivar M, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Asgari M, Shahrokh H, Abolhasani M, Mahdian R, Fard-Esfahani P. Downregulation of miR-1266-5P, miR-185-5P and miR-30c-2 in prostatic cancer tissue and cell lines. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8157-8164. [PMID: 29849810 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the latest decade, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) has received more attention. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that may serve a role as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Certain miRNAs regulate the apoptosis pathway by influencing pro- or anti-apoptotic genes. We hypothesized that increases in the expression of B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and BCL2-like 1 (BCL2L1) genes, which have been reported in various types of cancer tissues, may be due to the downregulation of certain miRNAs. The present study aimed to identify miRNAs that target BCL2 and BCL2L1 anti-apoptotic genes in prostate cancer (PCa) clinical tissue samples. Certain candidate miRNAs were selected bioinformatically and their expression in PCa samples was analyzed and compared with that in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue samples. The candidate miRNAs that targeted BCL2 and BCL2L1 genes were searched in online databases (miRWalk, microRNA.org, miRDB and TargetScan). A total of 12 miRNAs that target the 3'-untranslated region of the aforementioned genes and/or for which downregulation of their expression has previously been reported in cancer tissues. A total of 30 tumor tissue samples from patients with PCa and 30 samples tissues from patients with BPH were obtained and were subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction for expression analysis of 12 candidate miRNAs, and the BCL2 and BCL2L1 genes. Additionally, expression of 3 finally selected miRNAs and genes was evaluated in prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Among 12 miRNA candidates, the expression of miR-1266, miR-185 and miR-30c-2 was markedly downregulated in PCa tumor tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, downregulation of these miRNAs was associated with upregulation of the BCL2 and BCL2L1 genes. An inverse association between three miRNAs (miR-1266, miR-185 and miR-30c-2) and two anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2 and BCL2L1) may be considered for interventional miRNA therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ostadrahimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran.,Department of Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Stockholm 14157, Sweden
| | - Shima Fayaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | | | | | - Moustapha Hassan
- Department of Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Stockholm 14157, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Huddinge, Stockholm 14157, Sweden
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asgari
- Hashemi Nejad Clinical Research Developing Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahrokh
- Hashemi Nejad Clinical Research Developing Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Hashemi Nejad Clinical Research Developing Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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Williams LB, McCall A, Looney SW, Joshua T, Tingen MS. Demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral associations with cancer screening among a homeless population. Public Health Nurs 2018; 35:281-290. [PMID: 29473212 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer incidence and mortality is declining, cancer remains among the leading causes of death in the United States. Research shows that cancer morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early detection. Yet, both cancer risks and screening behavior remain understudied in the homeless population. METHODS Researchers conducted a cross-sectional survey of homeless individuals (n = 201). The analysis describes the demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral associations with cancer screenings and knowledge of the lung cancer screening recommendation. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 51.7 years (SD 13.6); the group was largely African American (77.3%) and male (67.9%). Among women, the breast and cervical cancer screening rates were 46.5% and 85.1%. Among men the prostate cancer screening rate was 34.2%. Among all participants, the colon cancer screening rate was 44%. Cancer risk behaviors were high. Lung cancer screening knowledge was low (23.0%). Some cancer screening behaviors were associated with age, income, health status, obesity, tobacco use, and physical activity. DISCUSSION Despite higher cancer risk behaviors, knowledge and general participation rates for cancer screenings were below national benchmarks. CONCLUSION To improve cancer survival among disparate populations, sustained community outreach is necessary to increase awareness of screening recommendations, identify high-risk individuals, and navigate them to resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovoria B Williams
- Biobehavioral Department, College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amber McCall
- Department of Physiological & Technological Nursing, College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen W Looney
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Joshua
- Biobehavioral Department, College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Martha S Tingen
- Department of Pediatrics and the Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Zhao J, Liu S, Gao D, Ding S, Niu Z, Zhang H, Huang Z, Qiu J, Li Q, Li N, Xie F, Cui J, Lu J. Risk assessment models to evaluate the necessity of prostate biopsies in North Chinese patients with 4-50 ng/mL PSA. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9935-9946. [PMID: 28039477 PMCID: PMC5354782 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used for prostate cancer screening, but low specificity results in high false positive rates of prostate biopsies. Objective To develop new risk assessment models to overcome the diagnostic limitation of PSA and reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies in North Chinese patients with 4–50 ng/mL PSA. Methods A total of 702 patients in seven hospitals with 4–10 and 10–50 ng/mL PSA, respectively, who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies, were assessed. Analysis-modeling stage for several clinical indexes related to prostate cancer and renal function was carried out. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to develop new risk assessment models of prostate cancer for both PSA level ranges 4-10 and 10-50 ng/mL. External validation stage of the new models was performed to assess the necessity of biopsy. Results The new models for both PSA ranges performed significantly better than PSA for detecting prostate cancers. Both models showed higher areas under the curves (0.937 and 0.873, respectively) compared with PSA alone (0.624 and 0.595), at pre-determined cut-off values of 0.1067 and 0.6183, respectively. Patients above the cut-off values were recommended for immediate biopsy, while the others were actively observed. External validation of the models showed significantly increased detection rates for prostate cancer (4-10 ng/mL group, 39.29% vs 17.79%, p=0.006; 10-50 ng/mL group, 71.83% vs 50.0%, p=0.015). Conclusions We developed risk assessment models for North Chinese patients with 4–50 ng/mL PSA to reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies and increase the detection rate of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexuan Gao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sentai Ding
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Niu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (East Branch), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Huang
- Department of Urology, Lanling People's Hospital, Lanling, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Department of Urology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Urology, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Urology, Guangrao County Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangrao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Urology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilei Cui
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaju Lu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, An P, Zeng J, Liu X, Wang B, Fang X, Wang F, Ren G, Min J. Serum ferritin in combination with prostate-specific antigen improves predictive accuracy for prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17862-17872. [PMID: 28160568 PMCID: PMC5392292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritin is highly expressed in many cancer types. Although a few studies have reported an association between high serum ferritin levels and an increased risk of prostate cancer, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a large case-control study consisting of 2002 prostate cancer patients and 951 control patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We found that high ferritin levels were positively associated with increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostate cancer risk; each 100 ng/ml increase in serum ferritin increased the odds ratio (OR) by 1.20 (95% CI: 1.13−1.36). In the prostate cancer group, increased serum ferritin levels were significantly correlated with higher Gleason scores (p < 0.001). Notably, serum PSA values had even higher predictive accuracy among prostate cancer patients with serum ferritin levels > 400 ng/ml (Gleason score + total PSA correlation: r = 0.38; Gleason score + free PSA correlation: r = 0.49). Moreover, using immunohistochemistry, we found that prostate tissue ferritin levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in prostate cancer patients (n = 129) compared to BPH controls (n = 31). Prostate tissue ferritin levels were also highly correlated with serum ferritin when patients were classified by cancer severity (r = 0.81). Importantly, we found no correlation between serum ferritin levels and the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in prostate cancer patients. In conclusion, serum ferritin is significantly associated with prostate cancer and may serve as a non-invasive biomarker to complement the PSA test in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng An
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiling Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuexian Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Chen H, Tang J, Shen N, Ren K. Interleukin 10 gene rs1800896 polymorphism is associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66204-66214. [PMID: 29029504 PMCID: PMC5630404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have uncovered the association of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene rs1800896 polymorphism with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa); however, their conclusions were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the role of IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphism in the risk of PCa. 16 eligible studies in 15 articles involving 6,301 cases and 6,510 controls were identified by researching PubMed, Google, CNKI, and EMBASE up to April 1, 2017. Our results revealed that IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphism was associated with the decreased risk of PCa under the homozygous model. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed that rs1800896 polymorphism decreased the risk of PCa among Caucasians. In conclusion, IL-10 gene rs1800896 polymorphism is associated with the decreased risk of PCa. Larger studies with more diverse ethnic populations are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jilei Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qidong People's Hospital, Nantong 226200, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
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Cocchiola R, Romaniello D, Grillo C, Altieri F, Liberti M, Magliocca FM, Chichiarelli S, Marrocco I, Borgoni G, Perugia G, Eufemi M. Analysis of STAT3 post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human prostate cancer with different Gleason Score. Oncotarget 2017; 8:42560-42570. [PMID: 28489571 PMCID: PMC5522088 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. The androgen receptor (AR) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) could be effective targets for PCa therapy. STAT3, a cytoplasmatic latent transcription factor, is a hub protein for several oncogenic signalling pathways and up-regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell survival. STAT3 activity can be modulated by several Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) which reflect particular cell conditions and may be implicated in PCa development and progression. The aim of this work was to analyze STAT3 PTMs at different tumor stages and their relationship with STAT3 cellular functions. For this purpose, sixty-five prostatectomy, Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens, classified with different Gleason Scores, were subjected to immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR analysis. All experiments were carried out in matched non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues. Data obtained showed different STAT3 PTMs profiles among the analyzed tumor grades which correlate with differences in the amount and distribution of specific STAT3 interactors as well as the expression of STAT3 target genes. These results highlight the importance of PTMs as an additional biomarker for the exactly evaluation of the PCa stage and the optimal treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Cocchiola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Enrico ed Enrica Sovena, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Grillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Liberti
- Department of Gynecological-Obstretic Science and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Massimo Magliocca
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borgoni
- Department of Gynecological-Obstretic Science and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Perugia
- Department of Gynecological-Obstretic Science and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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50
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Abascal Junquera JM, Fumadó Ciutat L, Francés Comalat A, Cecchini Rosell L. Análisis de las recomendaciones en contra del cribado con antígeno prostático específico en cáncer de próstata. Med Clin (Barc) 2016; 147:361-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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