1
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Proctor CR, Taggart MG, O'Hagan BM, McCarron PA, McCarthy RR, Ternan NG. Furanone loaded aerogels are effective antibiofilm therapeutics in a model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection. Biofilm 2023; 5:100128. [PMID: 37223215 PMCID: PMC10200818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 80% of chronic wounds have a bacterial biofilm present. These wound biofilms are caused by a range of organisms and are often polymicrobial. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causative organisms in wound infections and readily forms biofilms in wounds. To coordinate this, P. aeruginosa uses a process known as quorum sensing. Structural homologues of the quorum sensing signalling molecules have been used to disrupt this communication and prevent biofilm formation by Pseudomonas. However, these compounds have not yet reached clinical use. Here, we report the production and characterisation of a lyophilised PVA aerogel for use in delivering furanones to wound biofilms. PVA aerogels successfully release a model antimicrobial and two naturally occurring furanones in an aqueous environment. Furanone loaded aerogels inhibited biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa by up to 98.80%. Further, furanone loaded aerogels successfully reduced total biomass of preformed biofilms. Treatment with a sotolon loaded aerogel yielded a 5.16 log reduction in viable biofilm bound cells in a novel model of chronic wound biofilm, equivalent to the current wound therapy Aquacel AG. These results highlight the potential utility of aerogels in drug delivery to infected wounds and supports the use of biofilm inhibitory compounds as wound therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R. Proctor
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Megan G. Taggart
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Barry M.G. O'Hagan
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul A. McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ronan R. McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Nigel G. Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
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2
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Karamikamkar S, Yalcintas EP, Haghniaz R, de Barros NR, Mecwan M, Nasiri R, Davoodi E, Nasrollahi F, Erdem A, Kang H, Lee J, Zhu Y, Ahadian S, Jucaud V, Maleki H, Dokmeci MR, Kim H, Khademhosseini A. Aerogel-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications: From Fabrication Methods to Disease-Targeting Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204681. [PMID: 37217831 PMCID: PMC10427407 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aerogel-based biomaterials are increasingly being considered for biomedical applications due to their unique properties such as high porosity, hierarchical porous network, and large specific pore surface area. Depending on the pore size of the aerogel, biological effects such as cell adhesion, fluid absorption, oxygen permeability, and metabolite exchange can be altered. Based on the diverse potential of aerogels in biomedical applications, this paper provides a comprehensive review of fabrication processes including sol-gel, aging, drying, and self-assembly along with the materials that can be used to form aerogels. In addition to the technology utilizing aerogel itself, it also provides insight into the applicability of aerogel based on additive manufacturing technology. To this end, how microfluidic-based technologies and 3D printing can be combined with aerogel-based materials for biomedical applications is discussed. Furthermore, previously reported examples of aerogels for regenerative medicine and biomedical applications are thoroughly reviewed. A wide range of applications with aerogels including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostics are demonstrated. Finally, the prospects for aerogel-based biomedical applications are presented. The understanding of the fabrication, modification, and applicability of aerogels through this study is expected to shed light on the biomedical utilization of aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | | | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Fatemeh Nasrollahi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKocaeli UniversityUmuttepe CampusKocaeli41001Turkey
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Hajar Maleki
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 650939CologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine CologneCMMC Research CenterRobert‐Koch‐Str. 2150931CologneGermany
| | | | - Han‐Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- College of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejong30019Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
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3
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Biomedical applications of silica-based aerogels: a comprehensive review. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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4
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Zarinwall A, Maurer V, Pierick J, Oldhues VM, Porsiel JC, Finke JH, Garnweitner G. Amorphization and modified release of ibuprofen by post-synthetic and solvent-free loading into tailored silica aerogels. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2086-2099. [PMID: 35838584 PMCID: PMC9291651 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2092237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often exhibit poor aqueous solubility and thus a low bioavailability that substantially limits their pharmaceutical application. Hence, efficient formulations are required for an effective translation into highly efficient drug products. One strategy is the preservation of an amorphous state of the API within a carrier matrix, which leads to enhanced dissolution. In this work, mesoporous silica aerogels (SA) were utilized as a carrier matrix for the amorphization of the poorly water-soluble model drug ibuprofen. Loading of tailored SA was performed post-synthetically and solvent-free, either by co-milling or via the melting method. Thorough analyses of these processes demonstrated the influence of macrostructural changes during the drying and grinding process on the microstructural properties of the SA. Furthermore, interfacial SA-drug interaction properties were selectively tuned by attaching terminal hydrophilic amino- or hydrophobic methyl groups to the surface of the gel. We demonstrate that not only the chemical surface properties of the SA, but also formulation-related parameters, such as the carrier-to-drug ratio, as well as process-related parameters, such as the drug loading method, decisively influence the ibuprofen adsorption efficiency. In addition, the drug-loaded SA formulations exhibited a remarkable physical stability over a period of 6 months. Furthermore, the release behavior is shown to change considerably with different surface properties of the SA matrix. Hence, the reported results demonstrate that utilizing specifically processed and modified SA offers a compelling technique for enhancement of the bioavailability of poorly-water soluble APIs and a versatile adjustment of their release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Zarinwall
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viktor Maurer
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Pierick
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Victor Marcus Oldhues
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julian Cedric Porsiel
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Henrik Finke
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Xie H, He Z, Liu Y, Zhao C, Guo B, Zhu C, Xu J. Efficient Antibacterial Agent Delivery by Mesoporous Silica Aerogel. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7638-7647. [PMID: 35284760 PMCID: PMC8908532 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections still cause many health problems for human beings. Silica aerogels with a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure and a large surficial area are promising candidates for drug delivery, but they have rarely been investigated for antibacterial agent delivery. Herein, we study mesoporous silica aerogels as carriers for delivery of three slightly soluble antibacterial agents including cinnamaldehyde (CA, liquid), salicylic acid (SAA, solid), and sorbic acid (SOA, solid) under supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. Notably, all three antibacterial agents form uniform nanocrystals in the mesopores of silica aerogels and the loading efficiency reaches 56 wt %, which assists in overcoming the obstacles of low bioavailability of slightly soluble antibacterial agents. Benefiting from nanocrystallized antibacterial agents, the agent-loaded aerogels exhibit an inhibition rate of 99.99% against Escherichia coli during the initial release; notably, they still have a 95% inhibition rate even after ∼90% of CA is released. Importantly, the agent-loaded silica aerogels demonstrate good biocompatibility in vitro. This work indicates that mesoporous silica aerogels are a promising platform for antibacterial agent delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Institute
of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry
and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Chengdu
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- School
of Science and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics
Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute
of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yanxing Liu
- Institute
of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry
and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changbo Zhao
- Institute
of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry
and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School
of Science and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics
Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute
of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry
and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute
of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry
and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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6
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Natarajan P, Chuskit D, Priya, Manjeet. Transition-metal-free synthesis of trifluoromethylated benzoxazines via a visible-light-promoted tandem difunctionalization of o-vinylanilides with trifluoromethylsulfinate. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A Umemoto's reagent-free and cost-effective method for synthesis of trifluoromethylated benzoxazines by 9,10-phenanthrenedione visible-light photocatalysis is described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160014, India
| | - Deachen Chuskit
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160014, India
| | - Priya
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160014, India
| | - Manjeet
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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7
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Jabbari-Gargari A, Moghaddas J, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H, Hamishehkar H. Ambient pressure drug loading on trimethylchlorosilane silylated silica aerogel in aspirin controlled-release system. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1989420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Jabbari-Gargari
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafarsadegh Moghaddas
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Kankala RK, Xu PY, Chen BQ, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Supercritical fluid (SCF)-assisted fabrication of carrier-free drugs: An eco-friendly welcome to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113846. [PMID: 34197896 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success in developing various pharmaceutical formulations, most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)/drugs, according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), often suffer from various intrinsic limitations of solubility and permeability, substantially hindering their bioavailability in vivo. Regardless of the fact that the availability of different particle fabrication approaches (top-down and bottom-up) towards pharmaceutical manufacturing, the supercritical fluid (SCF) technology has emerged as one of the highly effective substitutes due to the environmentally benign nature and processing convenience, as well as the economically promising character of SCFs. The exceptional features of SCFs have endowed the fabrication of various APIs either solely or in combination with the compatible supramolecular species towards achieving improved drug delivery. Operating such APIs in high-pressure conditions often results in arbitrary-sized particulate forms, ranging from micron-sized to sub-micron/nano-sized particles. Comparatively, these SCF-processed particles offer enhanced tailorable physicochemical and morphological properties (size, shape, and surface), as well as improved performance efficacy (bioavailability and therapy) over the unprocessed APIs. Although the "carrier-based" delivery is practical among diverse delivery systems, the direct fabrication of APIs into suitable particulate forms, referred to as "carrier-free" delivery, has increased attention towards improving the bioavailability and conveying a high payload of the APIs. This review gives a comprehensive emphasis on the SCF-assisted fabrication of diverse APIs towards exploring their great potential in drug delivery. Initially, we discuss various challenges of drug delivery and particle fabrication approaches. Further, different supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2)-based fabrication approaches depending on the character of SCFs are explicitly described, highlighting their advantages and suitability in processing diverse APIs. Then, we provide detailed insights on various processing factors affecting the properties and morphology of SCF-processed APIs and their pharmaceutical applications, emphasizing their performance efficacy when administered through multiple routes of administration. Finally, we summarize this compilation with exciting perspectives based on the lessons learned so far and moving forward in terms of challenges and opportunities in the scale-up and clinical translation of these drugs using this innovative technology.
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9
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García-González CA, Sosnik A, Kalmár J, De Marco I, Erkey C, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Aerogels in drug delivery: From design to application. J Control Release 2021; 332:40-63. [PMID: 33600880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aerogels are the lightest processed solid materials on Earth and with the largest empty volume fraction in their structure. Composition versatility, modularity, and feasibility of industrial scale manufacturing are behind the fast emergence of aerogels in the drug delivery field. Compared to other 3D materials, the high porosity (interconnected mesopores) and high specific surface area of aerogels may allow faster loading of small-molecule drugs, less constrained access to inner regions of the matrix, and more efficient interactions of the biological milieu with the polymer matrix. Processing in supercritical CO2 medium for both aerogel production (drying) and drug loading (impregnation) has remarkable advantages such as absence of an oxidizing environment, clean manufacture, and easiness for the scale-up under good manufacturing practices. The aerogel solid skeleton dictates the chemical affinity to the different drugs, which in turn determines the loading efficiency and the release pattern. Aerogels can be used to increase the solubility of BCS Class II and IV drugs because the drug can be deposited in amorphous state onto the large surface area of the skeleton, which facilitates a rapid contact with the body fluids, dissolution, and release. Conversely, tuning the aerogel structure by functionalization with drug-binding moieties or stimuli-responsive components, application of coatings and incorporation of drug-loaded aerogels into other matrices may enable site-specific, stimuli-responsive, or prolonged drug release. The present review deals with last decade advances in aerogels for drug delivery. An special focus is paid first on the loading efficiency of active ingredients and release kinetics under biorelevant conditions. Subsequent sections deal with aerogels intended to address specific therapeutic demands. In addition to oral delivery, the physical properties of the aerogels appear to be very advantageous for mucosal administration routes, such as pulmonary, nasal, or transdermal. A specific section devoted to recent achievements in gene therapy and theranostics is also included. In the last section, scale up strategies and life cycle assessment are comprehensively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - József Kalmár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Can Erkey
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Koç University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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10
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Lebedev A, Lovskaya D, Menshutina N. Experimental Investigation and CFD Modeling of Supercritical Adsorption Process. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091957. [PMID: 32872406 PMCID: PMC7565664 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of the supercritical adsorption process was experimentally studied by the example of ”ibuprofen-silica aerogel” composition obtainment at various parameters: Pressure 120–200 bar and temperature 40–60 °C. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the supercritical adsorption process in a high-pressure apparatus based on the provisions of continuum mechanics is proposed. Using supercritical adsorption process kinetics experimental data, the dependences of the effective diffusion coefficient of active substance in the aerogel, and the maximum amount of the adsorbed active substance into the aerogel on temperature and pressure are revealed. Adequacy of the proposed model is confirmed. The proposed mathematical model allows predicting the behavior of system (fields of velocity, temperature, pressure, composition, density, etc.) at each point of the studied medium. It makes possible to predict mass transport rate of the active substance inside the porous body depending on the geometry of the apparatus, structure of flow, temperature, and pressure.
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11
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Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Sustained Release Profile of Resveratrol-Loaded Silica Aerogel. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122752. [PMID: 32549204 PMCID: PMC7355806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica aerogel, a kind of nanoporous material, is regarded as a desired drug carrier for its low toxicity, high specific surface area, and excellent biocompatibility. Using silica aerogel in a drug carrier may be an appropriate method to improve the performance of pure resveratrol. In this study, resveratrol-loaded silica aerogel (RSA) as a drug delivery system was prepared by the sol-gel method. Before gelling, resveratrol was added into the hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) ethanol solution then dispersed by stir and ultrasound. The results showed that RSA has a high loading rate of 19% with low cost and excellent biocompatibility. The SEM images showed that silica aerogel wraps up outside the resveratrol. Sustained releasing effect could be observed in RSA after 1 h, while pure resveratrol did not display this. The release of RSA lasted for over 6 h, and the release amount reached over 90% and 80% in either simulated gastric fluid (pH = 2.0) or phosphate-buffered saline (pH = 7.4) at 37 °C. Preliminary in vitro toxicity test revealed RSA to be biocompatible and stable; and when coupled with the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol, showed good potential for osteoarthritis treatment.
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12
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García-Casas I, Montes A, Valor D, Pereyra C, Martínez de la Ossa E. Impregnation of mesoporous silica with mangiferin using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Li H, Fu Y, Liu H, Sun C, Li R, Song L, Yang A, Wei D. Thermo-oxidative and thermal degradation kinetics of silica/polymethyl methacrylate composites with electrostatic interaction phase interfaces. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2018-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The thermo-oxidative and thermal degradation kinetic parameters of polymethyl methacrylate-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride/silica aerogel composites (PMMA-MTC/SA) were investigated in this paper and were compared with the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of different types of composites. As a composite with electrostatic interaction, the thermo-oxidative and thermal degradation activation energies (E) of PMMA-MTC/SA were 173.97 and 188.05 kJ/mol, respectively. The results indicated that the electrostatic interaction could indeed enhance the thermal stability of silica/polymethyl methacrylate composites on the premise of good mechanical properties and heat insulation performance. It is of great significance for the further development of silica-based thermal insulation composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Chengjian University , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristics and Engineering Environment , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Chengjian University , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
| | - Hongli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Chengjian University , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristics and Engineering Environment , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
| | - Cong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Chengjian University , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
| | - Ruyi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Chengjian University , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
| | - Limeng Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Chengjian University , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
| | - Aiwu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristics and Engineering Environment , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
- School of Civil Engineering , Tianjin Chengjian University , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Chengjian University , Tianjin 300384 , P.R. China
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14
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Vasvári G, Kalmár J, Veres P, Vecsernyés M, Bácskay I, Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Haimhoffer Á, Rusznyák Á, Fenyvesi F, Váradi J. Matrix systems for oral drug delivery: Formulations and drug release. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 27:71-80. [PMID: 30103866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this current article matrix formulations for oral drug delivery are reviewed. Conventional dosage forms and novel applications such as 3D printed matrices and aerogel matrices are discussed. Beside characterization, excipients and matrix forming agents are also enlisted and classified. The incorporated drug could exist in crystalline or in amorphous forms, which makes drug dissolution easily tunable. Main drug release mechanisms are detailed and reviewed to support rational design in pharmaceutical technology and manufacturing considering the fact that R&D members of the industry are forced to obtain knowledge about excipients and methods pros and cons. As innovative and promising research fields of drug delivery, 3D printed products and highly porous, low density aerogels with high specific surface area are spreading, currently limitlessly. These compositions can also be considered as matrix formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Kalmár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Veres
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Rusznyák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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15
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Lin YF, Lin YJ, Lee CC, Lin KYA, Chung TW, Tung KL. Synthesis of mechanically robust epoxy cross-linked silica aerogel membranes for CO 2 capture. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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17
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Gurikov P, Smirnova I. Amorphization of drugs by adsorptive precipitation from supercritical solutions: A review. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Enhancing the dissolution of phenylbutazone using Syloid® based mesoporous silicas for oral equine applications. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:181-186. [PMID: 29922487 PMCID: PMC6004617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three mesoporous silica excipients (Syloid® silicas AL-1 FP, XDP 3050 and XDP 3150) were formulated with a model drug known for its poor aqueous solubility, namely phenylbutazone, in an attempt to enhance the extent and rate of drug dissolution. Although other forms of mesoporous silica have been investigated in previous studies, the effect of inclusion with these specific Syloid® silica based excipients and more interestingly, with phenylbutazone, is unknown. This work reports a significant enhancement for both the extent and rate of drug release for all three forms of Syloid® silica at a 1:1 drug:silica ratio over a period of 30 min. An explanation for this increase was determined to be conversion to the amorphous form and an enhanced drug loading ability within the pores. Differences between the release profiles of the three silicas were concluded to be a consequence of the physicochemical differences between the three forms. Overall, this study confirms that Syloid® silica based excipients can be used to enhance dissolution, and potentially therefore bioavailability, for compounds with poor aqueous solubility such as phenylbutazone. In addition, it has been confirmed that drug release can be carefully tailored based on the choice of Syloid® silica and desired release profile.
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19
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Kankala RK, Zhang YS, Wang SB, Lee CH, Chen AZ. Supercritical Fluid Technology: An Emphasis on Drug Delivery and Related Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700433. [PMID: 28752598 PMCID: PMC5849475 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, supercritical fluid (SCF) has emerged as an effective alternative for many traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Operating active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) alone or in combination with various biodegradable polymeric carriers in high-pressure conditions provides enhanced features with respect to their physical properties such as bioavailability enhancement, is of relevance to the application of SCF in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, recent advances in drug delivery systems manufactured using the SCF technology are reviewed. We provide a brief description of the history, principle, and various preparation methods involved in the SCF technology. Next, we aim to give a brief overview, which provides an emphasis and discussion of recent reports using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) for fabrication of polymeric carriers, for applications in areas related to drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-imaging, and other biomedical applications. We finally summarize with perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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20
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Veres P, Kéri M, Bányai I, Lázár I, Fábián I, Domingo C, Kalmár J. Mechanism of drug release from silica-gelatin aerogel—Relationship between matrix structure and release kinetics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 152:229-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Impregnation of medicinal plant phytochemical compounds into silica and alginate aerogels. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Synthesis and biomedical applications of aerogels: Possibilities and challenges. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 236:1-27. [PMID: 27321857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels are an exceptional group of nanoporous materials with outstanding physicochemical properties. Due to their unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, aerogels are recognized as promising candidates for diverse applications including, thermal insulation, catalysis, environmental cleaning up, chemical sensors, acoustic transducers, energy storage devices, metal casting molds and water repellant coatings. Here, we have provided a comprehensive overview on the synthesis, processing and drying methods of the mostly investigated types of aerogels used in the biological and biomedical contexts, including silica aerogels, silica-polymer composites, polymeric and biopolymer aerogels. In addition, the very recent challenges on these aerogels with regard to their applicability in biomedical field as well as for personalized medicine applications are considered and explained in detail.
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23
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Kern J, Johannsen M. Measuring and modeling adsorption equilibria of non-volatile compounds dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide on nanoparticles using dynamic methods. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Manatunga DC, de Silva R, de Silva KMN, Ratnaweera R. Natural polysaccharides leading to super adsorbent hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22662k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Water pollution has created a major impact on the environment mainly due to contaminated industrial effluents with toxic substances such as heavy metals and textile dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. M. Nalin de Silva
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Colombo
- Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC)
- Homagama 10206
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25
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Ertem E, Murillo-Cremaes N, Carney RP, Laromaine A, Janeček ER, Roig A, Stellacci F. A silica-based magnetic platform decorated with mixed ligand gold nanoparticles: a recyclable catalyst for esterification reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5573-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed hierarchical Fe2O3@SiO2@Au nanospheres and we have demonstrated their use as efficient and easily recoverable catalysts in the conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ertem
- Institute of Materials
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Lausanne CH-1015
- Switzerland
| | - Nerea Murillo-Cremaes
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus UAB
- Bellaterra
- E-08193 Spain
| | - Randy Patrick Carney
- Institute of Materials
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Lausanne CH-1015
- Switzerland
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus UAB
- Bellaterra
- E-08193 Spain
| | - Emma-Rose Janeček
- Institute of Materials
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Lausanne CH-1015
- Switzerland
| | - Anna Roig
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Campus UAB
- Bellaterra
- E-08193 Spain
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Lausanne CH-1015
- Switzerland
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26
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Veres P, López-Periago AM, Lázár I, Saurina J, Domingo C. Hybrid aerogel preparations as drug delivery matrices for low water-solubility drugs. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:360-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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28
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Murillo-Cremaes N, López-Aranguren P, Vega LF, Saurina J, Roig A, Domingo C. A novel solventless coating method to graft low-molecular weight polyethyleneimine on silica fine powders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Murillo-Cremaes
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Pedro López-Aranguren
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- MATGAS Research Center, Campus de la UAB; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Lourdes F. Vega
- MATGAS Research Center, Campus de la UAB; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- Carburos Metálicos, Air Products Group; c/Aragón 300 08009 Barcelona Spain
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna Roig
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus de la UAB; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
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29
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Murillo-Cremaes N, Subra-Paternault P, Saurina J, Roig A, Domingo C. Compressed antisolvent process for polymer coating of drug-loaded aerogel nanoparticles and study of the release behavior. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Ulker Z, Erkey C. An emerging platform for drug delivery: aerogel based systems. J Control Release 2014; 177:51-63. [PMID: 24394377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, advances in "aerogel science" have provoked an increasing interest for these materials in pharmaceutical sciences for drug delivery applications. Because of their high surface areas, high porosities and open pore structures which can be tuned and controlled by manipulation of synthesis conditions, nanostructured aerogels represent a promising class of materials for delivery of various drugs as well as enzymes and proteins. Along with biocompatible inorganic aerogels and biodegradable organic aerogels, more complex systems such as surface functionalized aerogels, composite aerogels and layered aerogels have also been under development and possess huge potential. Emphasis is given to the details of the aerogel synthesis and drug loading methods as well as the influence of synthesis parameters and loading methods on the adsorption and release of the drugs. Owing to their ability to increase the bioavailability of low solubility drugs, to improve both their stability and their release kinetics, there are an increasing number of research articles concerning aerogels in different drug delivery applications. This review presents an up to date overview of the advances in all kinds of aerogel based drug delivery systems which are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ulker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erkey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
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31
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Lin YF, Ko CC, Chen CH, Tung KL, Chang KS. Reusable methyltrimethoxysilane-based mesoporous water-repellent silica aerogel membranes for CO2capture. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45371e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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32
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Murillo-Cremaes N, Subra-Paternault P, Domingo C, Roig A. Preparation and study of naproxen in silica and lipid/polymer hybrid composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46947f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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