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Dave A, Reddy SN. Solvothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak waste into biofuels and Al 2O 3-carbon nanocomposite. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:642-652. [PMID: 37857051 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a novel solvothermal disposal technique of Tetra Pak waste for the co-synthesis of value-added bio-oil and alumina-carbon nanocomposite. The impact of residence time (10-50 min.), temperature (240-360 °C), and substrate-to-solvent ratio (1:4-1:10) on the solvothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak waste with supercritical ethanol were investigated on a batch scale. Initially rise in operating temperature and residence time positively influenced the bio-oil yield. However, a decline in yield was seen beyond a certain point. A higher substrate-to-solvent ratio enhanced the bio-oil yield as the solvent demonstrated its effective capabilities to depolymerize the feedstock. The favorable condition for the highest bio-oil yield (34.41 %) and HHV (30.51 MJ/Kg) were found to be at 320 °C, 30 min, and a substrate-to-solvent ratio of 1:10. The synergetic effect of solvent (ethanol) and aluminium present in Tetra Pak leads to the formation of in-situ generated active hydrogen that enhances the bio-oil yields and inhibits residue formation. XRD and XPS analysis confirms the transformation of aluminium from (Al (0)) to (Al (+3)) in the presence of ethanol forming in-situ generated alumina-carbon nanocomposite that has the potential to be used as a catalyst. NMR, GC-MS, and FTIR analysis confirmed the richness of bio-oil in various organic compounds including alcohol, esters, ketones, ethers, acids, and phenols. The recovered ethanol from the process exhibits a significant potential to be reused as a solvent or as a fuel additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Dave
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Potential of Valuable Protein from Ulva rigida Macroalgae. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010086. [PMID: 36676035 PMCID: PMC9864898 DOI: 10.3390/life13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ulva green macroalgae or sea lettuce are rich sources of protein with nutritional benefits that promote health as a future plant-based functional ingredient in the food industry. Alkaline pretreatment improved ultrasonic-assisted protein extraction from Ulva rigida biomass. Parameters affecting ultrasonic-assisted extraction of protein were type of solvent, biomass-solvent ratio, biomass preparation and extraction cycle. In vitro digestibility was evaluated from oven- and freeze-dried biomass. Results showed highest concentration and extraction yield of protein from U. rigida using alkaline rather than acid and distilled water. A high biomass-solvent ratio at 1:10 or 0.1 g mL-1 increased protein extraction. Higher alkaline concentration increased protein extraction. Highest protein extractability was 8.5% dry matter from freeze-dried U. rigida biomass, with highest protein extraction and antioxidant activity from extraction of U. rigida macroalgae at high alkaline concentrations. U. rigida macroalgae oven-dried biomass presented suitable human digestibility. Efficient pretreatment of U. rigida maximized protein hydrolysate and bioactive peptide production for wide-ranging applications.
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Acharya S, Kishore N. Citrus limetta fruit waste management by liquefaction using hydrogen-donor solvent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32708-32721. [PMID: 36425707 PMCID: PMC9664456 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liquefaction of Citrus limetta fruit waste (both pulp and peel) in a hydrogen-donor solvent has not been reported in the literature and authors considered the same as the objective of this work. Thus, results on waste management of this potential fruit wastes by liquefaction in hydrogen-donor methanol solvent at 260 °C temperature, residence time of 30 min, and 1 : 2, 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 biomass-to-solvent ratios were reported in this work. The aim was to achieve biofuels of high quantity and quality from this waste, which would otherwise be disposed of without any value addition. A maximum of 12.5 wt% of biocrude yield was found from Citrus limetta peel biomass, which was higher than that from the thermochemical conversion of other citrus fruit waste biomasses. Biocrude having higher heating value (HHV) of 26.76 MJ kg-1 from Citrus limetta pulp, when the feed biomass pulp-to-solvent ratio was 1 : 4, found to be the best outcome of this study. Biocrude and biochar have also been extremely characterized using several advanced techniques such as Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), etc. Finally, the novelty of this work is not only obtaining higher yield of biocrude but also better HHV compared to other similar studies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Acharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 Assam India
| | - Nanda Kishore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati-781039 Assam India
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Wang S, Zhao S, Cheng X, Qian L, Barati B, Gong X, Cao B, Yuan C. Study on two-step hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae for improving bio-oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124176. [PMID: 33017778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the conversion of Enteromorpha clathrata into bio-oil through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was investigated under different preparation conditions. A two-step reaction method was compared with single-step reaction. At a high temperature, bio-oil produced through the two-step hydrothermal reaction displayed slight changes in yield, but solid residue rate was low. The liquid-to-material ratio of the optimal preparation condition was 40/4 (mL/g). Bio-oil produced in each experiment at this ratio was further analyzed using GC/MS. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) quantitative calculation was used in analyzing and proving the possible reaction path of the conversion of furan compounds to aromatic compounds during a direct high-temperature liquefaction process. Results revealed that the two-step method can ensure a high bio-oil yield, while preventing the occurrence of side reactions caused by long-term high-temperature reactions, and improve the bio-oil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cheng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lili Qian
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Bahram Barati
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Bin Cao
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chuan Yuan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Mujahid R, Kim J. Aging stability of bio-oil produced from dewatered sewage sludge in subcritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ryu S, Lee J, Reddy Kannapu HP, Jang SH, Kim Y, Jang H, Ha JM, Jung SC, Park YK. Acid-treated waste red mud as an efficient catalyst for catalytic fast copyrolysis of lignin and polyproylene and ozone-catalytic conversion of toluene. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110149. [PMID: 32882239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, red mud (RM), a highly alkaline waste generated from alumina production industries, was used as a catalytic material for both fast copyrolysis of organosolv lignin (OL) and polypropylene (PP) and toluene removal under ozone at room temperature. The RM was pretreated with HCl to investigate the effect of alkalinity. In the catalytic fast copyrolysis of the OL and PP, the acid-treated RM (HRM) produced more aromatics, phenolics, and light olefins (C3 to C5) but less oxygenates and heavy olefins (C6 to C46) than the RM. The difference in pyrolytic performance between the RM and HRM was likely attributed to the concentrated Fe2O3 species in the HRM catalyst. In addition, more efficient toluene removal was observed over MnOx/HRM than over MnOx/RM owing to the large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, high amounts of Al and Fe, and optimal Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio. This study demonstrates that the RM, an industrial waste, can be reused as an effective catalytic material for not only biofuel production but also pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Ryu
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seong-Ho Jang
- Department of BioEnvironmental Energy, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjoon Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyeon Jang
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Han Y, Hoekman SK, Cui Z, Jena U, Das P. Hydrothermal liquefaction of marine microalgae biomass using co-solvents. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tekin K, Hao N, Karagoz S, Ragauskas AJ. Ethanol: A Promising Green Solvent for the Deconstruction of Lignocellulose. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3559-3575. [PMID: 30152117 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing energy demand, environmental impact, energy security issues, and rural economic development have encouraged the development of sustainable renewable fuels. Nonfood lignocellulosic biomass is a suitable source for sustainable energy because the biomass feedstocks are low cost, abundant, and carbon neutral. Recent thermochemical conversion studies are frequently directed at converting biomass into high-quality liquid fuel precursors or chemicals in a single step. Supercritical ethanol has been selected as a promising solvent medium to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass because ethanol has extraordinary solubility towards lignocellulosic biomass and can be resourced from cellulosic ethanol facilities. This review provides a critical insight into both catalytic and noncatalytic strategies of lignocellulose deconstruction. In this context, the supercritical ethanol deconstruction pathways are thoroughly reviewed; GC-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis strategies towards liquid biomass deconstruction products are also critically presented. This review aims to provide readers a broad and accurate roadmap of novel biomass to biofuel conversion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Tekin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Karabük University, Karabük, 78050, Turkey
| | - Naijia Hao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
| | - Selhan Karagoz
- Department of Chemistry, Karabük University, Karabük, 78050, Turkey
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
- Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
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Hadiyanto H, Adetya NP. Response surface optimization of lipid and protein extractions from Spirulina platensis using ultrasound assisted osmotic shock method. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1361-1368. [PMID: 30319845 PMCID: PMC6170260 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we optimized the process for extracting lipids and proteins from wet biomasses of Spirulina sp. using a 4-kHz ultrasonic osmotic shock method with ultrasound enhancement at a constant frequency of 40 kHz. Optimization was conducted using a response surface methodology (RSM) at an osmotic NaCl concentration of 10-30%, solvent:biomass ratio of 5-15 v/w, and extraction times of 20-50 min. The present osmotic shock method with ultrasound irradiation increased lipid yields to 6.65% in the presence of 11.9% NaCl, a solvent:biomass ratio of 12:1 v/w, and a 22-min extraction time, and protein yields to 43.96% with 15.12% NaCl, a solvent:biomass ratio of 10:1 v/w, and a 30-min extraction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Hadiyanto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof Soedarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
- Master Program of Environmental Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Jl. Imam Bardjo No 3-5, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nais Pinta Adetya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof Soedarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
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Optimization of hydrothermal liquefaction of palm kernel shell and consideration of supercritical carbon dioxide mediation effect. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lababpour A. Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Biofuel and Biocrude Production from Microalgal Feedstock. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmajid Lababpour
- Shohadaye Hoveizeh University of Technology; Faculty of Engineering; P.O. Box 64418-78986 Susangerd Iran
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Trametes versicolor (L.) mushrooms liquefaction in supercritical solvents: Effects of operating conditions on product yields and chromatographic characterization. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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