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Yıldırım M, Erşatır M, Poyraz S, Amangeldinova M, Kudrina NO, Terletskaya NV. Green Extraction of Plant Materials Using Supercritical CO 2: Insights into Methods, Analysis, and Bioactivity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2295. [PMID: 39204731 PMCID: PMC11359946 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the supercritical CO2 extraction method has gained attention due to its use of environmentally friendly, non-toxic solvents, ability to operate at lower temperatures that do not cause the degradation of bioactive compounds, and capacity for rapid extraction. This method is particularly notable for isolating bioactive compounds from plants. The extracts obtained have shown superior properties due to their activity against diseases such as cancer, which is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study is to provide an in-depth understanding of the supercritical CO2 extraction method, as well as to discuss its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the study includes specific data on various plant materials, detailing the following parameters: plant name and region, bioactive compounds or compound classes, extraction temperature (°C), pressure (bar), time (minutes), co-solvent used, and flow rate. Additionally, this study covers extensive research on the isolation of bioactive compounds and the efficacy of the obtained extracts against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Yıldırım
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63050, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Erşatır
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Türkiye;
| | - Samet Poyraz
- Independent Researcher, Nevşehir 50040, Türkiye;
| | - Madina Amangeldinova
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (N.O.K.); (N.V.T.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Av., 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nataliya O. Kudrina
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (N.O.K.); (N.V.T.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Av., 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nina V. Terletskaya
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.A.); (N.O.K.); (N.V.T.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi Av., 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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Singh J, Rasane P, Kaur R, Kaur H, Garg R, Kaur S, Ercisli S, Choudhary R, Skrovankova S, Mlcek J. Valorization of grape ( Vitis vinifera) leaves for bioactive compounds: novel green extraction technologies and food-pharma applications. Front Chem 2023; 11:1290619. [PMID: 38156021 PMCID: PMC10754528 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1290619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape leaves, scientifically known as Vitis vinifera, the primary by-product obtained after the processing of grapes, are gathered in enormous amounts and disposed of as agricultural waste. For more sustainable agriculture and better food systems, it is crucial to investigate these byproducts' nutritional values. The primary bioactive compounds present in grape leaves are quercetin, resveratrol, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and gallic acid, which favour pharmacological effects on human health such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective. Furthermore, grape leaves extract has been used as a functional ingredient for creating both food and non-food products. The aim of the current review is to review the nutritional and phytochemical composition of various varieties of grape leaves, their health-promoting characteristics and their applications. The study also highlights the various extraction techniques including conventional and non-conventional methods for extracting the various bioactive compounds present in grape leaves. Grape leaves bioactives can be extracted using environmentally safe and sustainable processes, which are in line with the rising demand for eco-friendly and healthful products worldwide. These methods are perfectly suited to the changing needs of both customers and industries since they lessen environmental effect, enhance product quality, and offer financial advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad Rasane
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajdeep Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Garg
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- HGF Agro, ATA Teknokent, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ravish Choudhary
- Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sona Skrovankova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czechia
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czechia
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Banafi A, Wee SK, Tiong ANT, Kong ZY, Saptoro A, Sunarso J. Modeling of supercritical fluid extraction bed: A Critical Review. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Vítor Rodrigues H, Portugal I, Carlos Silva M. Experimental optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of triterpenoids from Acacia dealbata Link. leaves. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Parrotia persica Yellow and Amber Leaves’ Lipophilic Phytochemicals Obtained by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165237. [PMID: 36014477 PMCID: PMC9412279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was used for the extraction of Parrotia persica yellow and amber leaves. The lipophilic phytochemicals present in the analyzed leaves were as follows: neophytadiene, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, octadecanal, 1-octadecanol, phytol, squalene and α-tocopherol. α-cadinol was present in yellow and β-sitosterol in amber leaves. The Box–Behnken design was used for the optimization of pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate and response surface methodology for the total extraction yield and α-tocopherol relative amount. The total extraction yield was 1.62% for yellow and 1.52% for amber leaves. The α-tocopherol relative amount was 80.03 mg per 100 g of dry plant material for yellow leaves and 315.30 mg per 100 g of dry plant material for amber leaves. The effects of temperature and CO2 flow rate were found to have a significant influence on the total extraction yield for both plant materials analyzed. The effects of pressure and temperature significantly influenced the α-tocopherol relative amount in both plant materials used. The optimum extraction conditions for the total extraction yield were 30 MPa, 40 °C and 3 kg·h−1 CO2 flow rate for both plant samples. In the case of the α-tocopherol relative amount, the optimum temperature was 40 °C, while the pressure and CO2 flow rate were slightly different. The predicted values matched well with the experimental values for the total extraction yield and α-tocopherol relative amount in all plant materials used for the experiment.
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de Toledo PRAB, de Melo MMR, Rodrigues VH, Pezza HR, Rocha SM, Toci AT, Pezza L, Portugal I, Silva CM. Design of volatile organic compounds profiles of roasted
Coffea arabica
extracts produced by supercritical and conventional solvents. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo M. R. de Melo
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Vítor H. Rodrigues
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Helena R. Pezza
- Institute of Chemistry State University of São Paulo – UNESP 14800‐060 Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- Department of Chemistry & LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Campus de Santiago University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Aline T. Toci
- Environmental and Food Interdisciplinary Studies Laboratory (LEIMAA), Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Sciences (ILACVN) Federal University of Latin American Integration (UNILA) 85867‐970 Foz do Iguaçú, Puerto Rico Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pezza
- Institute of Chemistry State University of São Paulo – UNESP 14800‐060 Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Inês Portugal
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Silva
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
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Alvarez-Henao MV, Cardona L, Hincapié S, Londoño-Londoño J, Jimenez-Cartagena C. Supercritical fluid extraction of phytosterols from sugarcane bagasse: Evaluation of extraction parameters. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Tomato processing leads to the production of considerable amounts of residues, mainly in the form of tomato skins, seeds and vascular tissues, which still contain bioactive molecules of interest for food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. These include carotenoids, such as lycopene and β-carotene, tocopherols and sitosterols, among others. Supercritical fluid extraction is well positioned for the valorization of tomato residues prior to disposal, because it remains an environmentally safe extraction process, especially when using carbon dioxide as the solvent. In this article, we provide an extensive literature overview of the research on the supercritical fluid extraction of tomato residues. We start by identifying the most relevant extractables present in tomatoes (e.g., lycopene) and their main bioactivities. Then, the main aspects affecting the extraction performance are covered, starting with the differences between tomato matrixes (e.g., seeds, skins and pulp) and possible pretreatments to enhance extraction (e.g., milling, drying and enzymatic digestion). Finally, the effects of extraction conditions, such as pressure, temperature, cosolvent, flow rate and time, are discussed.
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Supercritical CO2 elimination of solvent residues from active pharmaceutical ingredients: Beclometasone dipropionate and Budesonide. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Latiff NA, Ong PY, Abd Rashid SNA, Abdullah LC, Mohd Amin NA, Fauzi NAM. Enhancing recovery of bioactive compounds from Cosmos caudatus leaves via ultrasonic extraction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17297. [PMID: 34453075 PMCID: PMC8397774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmos caudatus (C. caudatus) is a medicinal plant that is high in bioactive compounds such as phenolics. In this study, an ultrasound extraction method was used to optimise the extraction of bioactive compounds from C. caudatus leaves. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to obtain the optimum extraction parameters which is solid–liquid ratio (10–30 g/mL), particle size (180–850 µm) and extraction time (20–30 min) for maximal quercitrin and total phenolic content (TPC) yields. Analysis of antimicrobial activity was performed against two human pathogenic microbes: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by the agar well diffusion method. The optimal ultrasonic extraction condition was as follow: solvent-liquid ratio of 1:28 (g/mL), particle size of 485 µm, and duration of 30 min, respectively. Remarkably, extraction using ultrasonic method had recovered more bioactive content and antioxidant activity than the Soxhlet method. The extract also exhibited good antimicrobial activities. Due to the above findings, the ultrasonic extraction was found to be suitable to improve recovery extraction of quercitrin and TPC from C. caudatus leaves. It also opens the possibility that the plant extract can be used for functional food and antimicrobial agents in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norliza Abdul Latiff
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Ying Ong
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Amaiza Mohd Amin
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akhmazillah Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Higher Education Hub, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
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Extraction of Added-Value Triterpenoids from Acacia dealbata Leaves Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Forestry biomass is a by-product which commonly ends up being burnt for energy generation, despite comprising valuable bioactive compounds with valorisation potential. Leaves of Acacia dealbata were extracted for the first time by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using different conditions of pressure, temperature and cosolvents. Total extraction yield, individual triterpenoids extraction yields and concentrations were assessed and contrasted with Soxhlet extractions using solvents of distinct polarity. The extracts were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and target triterpenoids were quantified. The total extraction yields ranged from 1.76 to 11.58 wt.% and the major compounds identified were fatty acids, polyols, and, from the triterpenoids family, lupenone, α-amyrin and β-amyrin. SFE was selective to lupenone, with higher individual yields (2139–3512 mg kgleaves−1) and concentrations (10.1–12.4 wt.%) in comparison to Soxhlet extractions, which in turn obtained higher yields and concentrations of the remaining triterpenoids.
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Casas MP, López-Hortas L, Díaz-Reinoso B, Moure A, Domínguez H. Supercritical CO2 extracts from Acacia dealbata flowers. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Organic Solvents from Flunisolide and Fluticasone Propionate. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050612. [PMID: 33922659 PMCID: PMC8146547 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, Class 2 and Class 3 solvents contained in two corticosteroids, flunisolide (Fluni) and fluticasone propionate (Fluti), were reduced to a few ppm by supercritical CO2 extraction. The process was carried out at pressures from 80 to 200 bar, temperatures of 40 °C and 80 °C, and at a fixed CO2 flow rate of 0.7 kg/h. The results demonstrated that CO2 density is the key parameter influencing the extraction kinetics and the solvent final residue. In particular, in the range investigated, optimal pressure and temperature conditions for the extraction of residual organic solvents were found working at 200 bar and 40 °C, which corresponds to a CO2 density of 0.840 g/cm3. Operating in this way, total organic solvent residues were reduced from 13,671 ppm and 326 ppm to 12 ppm and 10 ppm for Fluni and Fluti, respectively.
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