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Zhang J, Li Y, Guo S, Zhang W, Fang B, Wang S. Moving beyond traditional therapies: the role of nanomedicines in lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1363346. [PMID: 38389925 PMCID: PMC10883231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1363346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Amidst a global rise in lung cancer occurrences, conventional therapies continue to pose substantial side effects and possess notable toxicities while lacking specificity. Counteracting this, the incorporation of nanomedicines can notably enhance drug delivery at tumor sites, extend a drug's half-life and mitigate inadvertent toxic and adverse impacts on healthy tissues, substantially influencing lung cancer's early detection and targeted therapy. Numerous studies signal that while the nano-characteristics of lung cancer nanomedicines play a pivotal role, further interplay with immune, photothermal, and genetic factors exist. This review posits that the progression towards multimodal combination therapies could potentially establish an efficacious platform for multimodal targeted lung cancer treatments. Current nanomedicines split into active and passive targeting. Active therapies focus on a single target, often with unsatisfactory results. Yet, developing combination systems targeting multiple sites could chart new paths in lung cancer therapy. Conversely, low drug delivery rates limit passive therapies. Utilizing the EPR effect to bind specific ligands on nanoparticles to tumor cell receptors might create a new regime combining active-passive targeting, potentially elevating the nanomedicines' concentration at target sites. This review collates recent advancements through the lens of nanomedicine's attributes for lung cancer therapeutics, the novel carrier classifications, targeted therapeutic modalities and their mechanisms, proposing that the emergence of multi-target nanocomposite therapeutics, combined active-passive targeting therapies and multimodal combined treatments will pioneer novel approaches and tools for future lung cancer clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Medical College of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qindao Binhai University (Qingdao Military-Cvil Integration Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Medical College of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sa Guo
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weifen Zhang
- Medical College, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Bing Fang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qindao Binhai University (Qingdao Military-Cvil Integration Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Mohammadi A, Hashemi B, Mehdi Mahdavi SR, Solimani M, Banaei A. Radiosensitization effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia in the presence of PEGylated-gold nanoparticles on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells under 6 MeV electron irradiation. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S67-S73. [PMID: 37147985 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1087_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the radiosensitization effect of radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia in combination with PEGylated gold nanoparticles (PEG-GNPs) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells under electron beam radiotherapy (EBRT) based on the clonogenic assay. Materials and Methods The cell death of MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with 13.56 MHz capacitive RF hyperthermia (power: 150W) for 2, 5, 10, and 15 min combined with 6 MeV EBRT, with a dose of 2 Gy, was evaluated in the presence of 20 nm PEG-GNPs with a low nontoxic concentration (20 mg/l). All the treatment groups were incubated for 14 days. Thereafter, survival fractions and viability of the cells were calculated and analyzed against the control group. Results The presence of PEG-GNPs inside the MCF-7 cancer cells during electron irradiation decreased cell survival significantly (16.7%) compared to irradiated cells without GNPs. Applying hyperthermia before electron irradiation with a capacitive RF system decreased cell survival by about 53.7%, while hyperthermia without irradiation did not show any significant effect on cell survival. Combining the hyperthermia with the presence of PEG-GNPs in the cells decreased the cell survival by about 67% at the electron irradiation, showing their additive radiosensitization effect. Conclusion Low nontoxic concentration of 20 nm PEG-GNPs increases the radiosensitization effect of combining 6 MeV EBRT and RF hyperthermia on MCF-7 cancer cells. Combining hyperthermia with PEG-GNPs in electron radiotherapy could be an appropriate method for enhancing radiotherapy effectiveness on cancerous cells which can be studied on different cells and electron energies in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Hashemi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied Rabi Mehdi Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Solimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Banaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Philip J. Magnetic nanofluids (Ferrofluids): Recent advances, applications, challenges, and future directions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102810. [PMID: 36417827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Impelled by the need to find solutions to new challenges of modern technologies new materials with unique properties are being explored. Among various new materials that emerged over the decades, magnetic fluids exhibiting interesting physiochemical properties (optical, thermal, magnetic, rheological, apparent density, etc.) under a magnetic stimulus have been at the forefront of research. In the initial phase, there has been a fervent scientific curiosity to understand the field-induced intriguing properties of such fluids but later a plethora of technological applications emerged. Magnetic nanofluid, popularly known as ferrofluid, is a colloidal suspension of fine magnetic nanoparticles, has been at the forefront of research because of its magnetically tunable physicochemical properties and applications. Due to their stimuli-responsive behaviour, they have been finding more applications in biology and other engineering disciplines in recent years. Therefore, a critical review of this topic highlighting the necessary background, the potential of this material for emerging technologies, and the latest developments is warranted. This review also provides a summary of various applications, along with the key challenges and future research directions. The first part of the review addresses the different types of magnetic fluids, the genesis of magnetic fluids, their synthesis methodologies, properties, and stabilization techniques are discussed in detail. The second part of the review highlights the applications of magnetic nanofluids and nanoemulsions (as model systems) in probing order-disorder transitions, scattering, diffraction, magnetically reconfigurable internal structures, molecular interaction, and weak forces between colloidal particles, conformational changes of macromolecules at interfaces and polymer-surfactant complexation at the oil-water interface. The last part of the review summarizes the interesting applications of magnetic fluids such as heat transfer, sensors (temperature, pH, urea detection, cations, defect detection sensors), tunable optical filters, removal of dyes, dynamic seals, magnetic hyperthermia-based cancer therapy and other biomedical applications. The applications of magnetic nanofluids in diverse disciplines are growing day by day, yet there are challenges in their practical adaptation as field-worthy or packaged products. This review provides a pedagogical description of magnetic fluids, with the necessary background, key concepts, physics, experimental protocols, design of experiments, challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Philip
- Smart Materials Section, Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India.
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Abed Z, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Eyvazzadeh N. Magnetic Targeting of Magneto-Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Temperature Profile of NIR Laser Irradiated to CT26 Tumor in BALB/C Mice. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:281-288. [PMID: 34189116 PMCID: PMC8236099 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising method in the field of cancer hyperthermia. In this method, interaction between laser light and photosensitizer material, such as plasmonic nanoparticles, leads into a localized heating. Recent efforts in the area of PTT aim to exploit targeting strategies for preferential accumulation of plasmonic nanoparticles within the tumor. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of magneto-plasmonic (Au@Fe2O3) nanoparticles on temperature profile of CT26 tumor, bearing mice were irradiated by NIR laser. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vivo study, Au@Fe2O3 NPs were injected intraperitoneally to Balb/c mice bearing CT26 colorectal tumor. Immediately after injection, a magnet (magnetic field strength of 0.4 Tesla) was placed on the tumor site for 6 hours in order to concentrate nanoparticles inside the tumor. In the next step, the tumors were exposed with NIR laser source (808 nm; 2 W/cm2; 5 min). RESULTS Tumor temperature without magnetic targeting increased ~7 ± 0.9 °C after NIR irradiation, whereas the tumors in magnetic targeted group experienced a temperature rise of ~12 ± 1.4 °C. CONCLUSION It is concluded that Au@Fe2O3 nanoparticle is a good candidate for therapeutic nanostructure in cancer photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaeddin Abed
- MSc, Radiation Research Center, Allied Medical Sciences School, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Eyvazzadeh
- PhD, Radiation Research Center, Allied Medical Sciences School, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Singh S, Melnik R. Thermal ablation of biological tissues in disease treatment: A review of computational models and future directions. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 39:49-88. [PMID: 32233691 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1741383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous thermal ablation has proven to be an effective modality for treating both benign and malignant tumours in various tissues. Among these modalities, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the most promising and widely adopted approach that has been extensively studied in the past decades. Microwave ablation (MWA) is a newly emerging modality that is gaining rapid momentum due to its capability of inducing rapid heating and attaining larger ablation volumes, and its lesser susceptibility to the heat sink effects as compared to RFA. Although the goal of both these therapies is to attain cell death in the target tissue by virtue of heating above 50°C, their underlying mechanism of action and principles greatly differs. Computational modelling is a powerful tool for studying the effect of electromagnetic interactions within the biological tissues and predicting the treatment outcomes during thermal ablative therapies. Such a priori estimation can assist the clinical practitioners during treatment planning with the goal of attaining successful tumour destruction and preservation of the surrounding healthy tissue and critical structures. This review provides current state-of-the-art developments and associated challenges in the computational modelling of thermal ablative techniques, viz., RFA and MWA, as well as touch upon several promising avenues in the modelling of laser ablation, nanoparticles assisted magnetic hyperthermia and non-invasive RFA. The application of RFA in pain relief has been extensively reviewed from modelling point of view. Additionally, future directions have also been provided to improve these models for their successful translation and integration into the hospital work flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roderick Melnik
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,BCAM - Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
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Akbarzadeh Khiavi M, Safary A, Barar J, Ajoolabady A, Somi MH, Omidi Y. Multifunctional nanomedicines for targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:997-1019. [PMID: 31563999 PMCID: PMC11104811 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic administration of chemotherapeutics by nanocarriers (NCs) functionalized with targeting agents provides a localized accumulation of drugs in the target tissues and cells. Advanced nanoscaled medicaments can enter into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and overcome the uniquely dysregulated biological settings of TME, including highly pressurized tumor interstitial fluid in an acidic milieu. Such multimodal nanomedicines seem to be one of the most effective treatment modalities against solid tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC). To progress and invade, cancer cells overexpress various oncogenes and molecular markers such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), which can be exploited for targeted delivery of nanoscaled drug delivery systems (DDSs). In fact, to develop effective personalized multimodal nanomedicines, the type of solid tumor and status of the disease in each patient should be taken into consideration. While the development of such multimodal-targeted nanomedicines is largely dependent on the expression level of oncomarkers, the type of NCs and homing/imaging agents play key roles in terms of their efficient applications. In this review, we provide deep insights into the development of EGFR-targeting nanomedicines and discuss various types of nanoscale DDSs (e.g., organic and inorganic nanoparticles) for targeting of the EGFR-positive solid tumors such as CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Akbarzadeh Khiavi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Azam Safary
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ajoolabady
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51656-65811, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Mirza Z, Karim S. Nanoparticles-based drug delivery and gene therapy for breast cancer: Recent advancements and future challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:226-237. [PMID: 31704145 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is amongst the most lethal cancer among females and conventional treatment methods like surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not effective enough as expected and suffer concerns of low bioavailability, low cellular uptake, emerging resistance, and adverse toxicities. Gene therapy using free nucleic acids has potential to deal with key candidate genes of BC, but their effect is retarded due to poor cell uptake and instability in circulation. The rapidly evolving field of nanomedicine aiming targeted drug/gene delivery curtailing BC promises to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. Nanoparticles can be game changer for BC gene therapy as they can be effective carrier of specific drug/gene by improving the circulation time, enhancing bioavailability, reducing the immune system based recognition chances, and delivering the gene regulator accurately. Herein, we discuss the mechanism of nanoparticles targeted drug delivery, recent advancement of therapeutic strategies of nanoparticles based carriers for small interfering RNA, and microRNA, and gene augmentation therapies in BC. We also discuss the future prospect and challenges of nanoparticle-based therapies for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Mirza
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Specific Cytotoxic Effects of Parasporal Crystal Proteins Isolated from Native Saudi Arabian Bacillus thuringiensis Strains against Cervical Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030506. [PMID: 30708936 PMCID: PMC6384957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, global efforts are being intensified towards the discovery of local Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates with unique anticancer properties. Parasporins (PS) are a group of Bt non-insecticidal crystal proteins with potential and specific in vitro anticancer activity. However, despite the significant therapeutic potential of PS-producing Bt strains, our current knowledge on the effects of these proteins is limited. Hence, the main objective of this study was to screen Bt-derived parasporal toxins for cytotoxic activities against colon (HT-29) and cervical (HeLa) cancerous cell lines. Nine non-larvicidal and non-hemolytic Bt strains, native to Saudi Arabia, were employed for the isolation of their parasporal toxins. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed a 99.5% similarity with a reference Bt strain. While PCR screening results indicated the absence of selected Cry (Cry4A, Cry4B, Cry10 and Cry11), Cyt (Cyt1 and Cyt2) and PS (PS2, PS3 and PS4) genes, it concluded presence of the PS1 gene. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that proteolytically-cleavaged PS protein profiles exhibit patterns resembling those observed with PS1Aa1, with major bands at 56 kDa and 17 kDa (Bt7), and 41 kDa and 16 kDa (Bt5). Solubilized and trypsinized PS proteins from all Bt strains exhibited a marked and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cancerous cells but not against HT-29 cells. IC50 values ranged from 3.2 (Bt1) to 14.2 (Bt6) with an average of 6.8 µg/mL. The observed cytotoxicity of PS proteins against HeLa cells was specific as it was not evident against normal uterus smooth muscle cells. RT-qPCR analysis revealed the overexpression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 by 3.7, and 4.2 folds, respectively, indicative of the engagement of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report exploring and exploiting the versatile repertoire of Saudi Arabian environmental niches for the isolation of native and possibly novel Saudi Bt strains with unique and specific anticancer activity. In conclusion, native Saudi Bt-derived PS proteins might have a potential to join the arsenal of natural anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 6 Hohe St., 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Choi K, Joo H. Assessment of Gold Nanoparticles-Inhibited Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Its Cellular Toxicity in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line C3A. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:279. [PMID: 30203228 PMCID: PMC6134879 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of the 40 and 80 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) functionalized with cationic branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), anionic lipoic acid (LA), or neutral polyethylene glycol (PEG) with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line C3A have been investigated in the absence and presence of human plasma protein corona (PC). All bare (no PC) AuNP besides 80 nm LA-AuNP were cytotoxic to C3A but PC attenuated their cytotoxicities. Time-dependent cellular uptake of AuNP increased besides 40 nm BPEI-AuNP but PC suppressed their uptakes besides 80 nm PEG-AuNP. Biphasic responses of oxidative/nitrosative stress by BPEI-AuNP occurred in C3A cells, whereas PEG-AuNP was a potent antioxidant. All bare AuNP inhibited cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity irrespective of size and surface charge but PC recuperated its activity besides PEG-AuNP. The 40 nm PEG-AuNP-modulated gene expression was mainly involved in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and to a less degree hepatic efflux/uptake transporters. These studies contribute to a better understanding of AuNP interaction with key biological processes and their underlying molecular mechanisms in HCC, which may be further implicated in the development of more effective therapeutic target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungju Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Hyun Joo
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
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Tamarov K, Gongalsky M, Osminkina L, Huang Y, Omar M, Yakunin V, Ntziachristos V, Razansky D, Timoshenko V. Electrolytic conductivity-related radiofrequency heating of aqueous suspensions of nanoparticles for biomedicine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:11510-11517. [PMID: 28425519 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00728k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of suitable contrast agents can significantly enhance the efficiency of modern imaging and treatment techniques, such as thermoacoustic (TA) tomography and radio-frequency (RF) hyperthermia of cancer. Here, we examine the heating of aqueous suspensions of silicon (Si) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) under RF irradiation in the MHz frequency range. The heating rate of aqueous suspensions of Si NPs exhibited non-monotonic dependency on the electrical conductivity of the suspension. The experimental results were explained by the mathematical model considering oscillating solvated ions as the main source of Joule heating. These ions could be the product of the dissolution of Si NPs or organic coating of Au NPs. Thus, the ions governed the conductivity of the suspensions, which in turn governs both the heating rate and the near-field RF TA response. The model predicted the contrast in different tissues taking into account both Joule heating and dielectric losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Tamarov
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. and Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maxim Gongalsky
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. and Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Liubov Osminkina
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. and National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", International Laboratory "Bionanophotonics", 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuanhui Huang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Murad Omar
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Valery Yakunin
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Victor Timoshenko
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. and National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", International Laboratory "Bionanophotonics", 115409 Moscow, Russia
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Chemotherapy and Radiofrequency-Induced Mild Hyperthermia Combined Treatment of Orthotopic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Xenografts. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:664-671. [PMID: 29621664 PMCID: PMC6054595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) have one of the poorest survival rates of all cancers. The main reason for this is related to the unique tumor stroma and poor vascularization of PDAC. As a consequence, chemotherapeutic drugs, such as nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, cannot efficiently penetrate into the tumor tissue. Non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) mild hyperthermia treatment was proposed as a synergistic therapy to enhance drug uptake into the tumor by increasing tumor vascular inflow and perfusion, thus, increasing the effect of chemotherapy. RF-induced hyperthermia is a safer and non-invasive technique of tumor heating compared to conventional contact heating procedures. In this study, we investigated the short- and long-term effects (~20 days and 65 days, respectively) of combination chemotherapy and RF hyperthermia in an orthotopic PDAC model in mice. The benefit of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine treatment was confirmed in mice; however, the effect of treatment was statistically insignificant in comparison to saline treated mice during long-term observation. The benefit of RF was minimal in the short-term and completely insignificant during long-term observation.
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Muthukumarasamyvel T, Rajendran G, Santhana Panneer D, Kasthuri J, Kathiravan K, Rajendiran N. Auric Chloride Induced Micellization on Fractal Patterned Dicationic Amphiphiles and Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3539-3550. [PMID: 31457673 PMCID: PMC6641594 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present article reports the development of sunlight-mediated rapid synthesis of bile acid derived dicationic amphiphiles, namely, dicationic cysteamine-conjugated cholic acid (DCaC), dicationic cysteamine-conjugated deoxycholic acid (DCaDC), and dicationic cysteamine-conjugated lithocholic acid (DCaLC) by adopting thiol-yne click chemistry approach. The auric chloride (AuHCl4) induced micellization of amphiphiles from fractal pattern to chainlike aggregates was examined by critical micelle concentration measurements, quenching studies, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy techniques. The micelles thus formed act as ideal templates for the stabilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and exhibit good stability for more than 6 months. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, DLS, zeta potential, and contact angle measurements. These NPs showed high salt tolerance, and the levels were found to be 420, 460, and 580 mM for DCaC-, DCaDC-, and DCaLC-capped AuNPs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganapathy Rajendran
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil
Nadu, India
| | | | - Jayapalan Kasthuri
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-E-Millath Government
College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai 600002, Tamil
Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Kathiravan
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil
Nadu, India
| | - Nagappan Rajendiran
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil
Nadu, India
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Muthukumarasamyvel T, Rajendran G, Santhana Panneer D, Kasthuri J, Kathiravan K, Rajendiran N. Role of Surface Hydrophobicity of Dicationic Amphiphile-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles on A549 Lung Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3527-3538. [PMID: 30023697 PMCID: PMC6044882 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the surface functionality of dicationic cysteamine conjugated cholic acid (DCaC), dicationic cysteamine conjugated deoxycholic acid (DCaDC), and dicationic cysteamine conjugated lithocholic acid (DCaLC) templated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on mammalian cells. The haemocompatibility of the synthesized NPs was evaluated by in vitro hemolysis and erythrocyte sedimentation rate using human red blood cells (RBCs). In all of the systems, no toxicity was observed on human erythrocytes (RBCs) up to the concentration of 120 μg/mL. The anticancer activity of these dicationic amphiphile-stabilized AuNPs on A549 lung cancer cells was demonstrated by in vitro cell viability assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species estimation by DCFH-DA, apoptosis analysis using AO-EtBr fluorescence staining, DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis, and western blot analysis of caspase-3 expression. These results suggest that the cytotoxicity of AuNPs to A549 cells increase with the dose and hydrophobicity of amphiphiles and were found to be in the order: DCaLC-AuNPs > DCaDC-AuNPs > DCaC-AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Muthukumarasamyvel
- Department
of Polymer Science and Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganapathy Rajendran
- Department
of Polymer Science and Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devendrapandi Santhana Panneer
- Department
of Polymer Science and Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayapalan Kasthuri
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-E-Millath Government
College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai 600002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Kathiravan
- Department
of Polymer Science and Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagappan Rajendiran
- Department
of Polymer Science and Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
- E-mail:
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17
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Carter T, Mulholland P, Chester K. Antibody-targeted nanoparticles for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:941-58. [PMID: 27381686 DOI: 10.2217/imt.16.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are diverse and versatile with physical properties that can be employed for use in cancer medicine. Targeting NPs using antibodies and antibody fragments could overcome some of the limitations seen with current targeted therapies. This review will discuss the role of antibody-targeted NPs in the treatment of cancer: as delivery vehicles, targeted theranostic agents and in the evolving field of cancer hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Carter
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Mulholland
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kerry Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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18
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Compostella F, Pitirollo O, Silvestri A, Polito L. Glyco-gold nanoparticles: synthesis and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1008-1021. [PMID: 28684980 PMCID: PMC5480336 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyco-gold nanoparticles combine in a single entity the peculiar properties of gold nanoparticles with the biological activity of carbohydrates. The result is an exciting nanosystem, able to mimic the natural multivalent presentation of saccharide moieties and to exploit the peculiar optical properties of the metallic core. In this review, we present recent advances on glyco-gold nanoparticle applications in different biological fields, highlighting the key parameters which inspire the glyco nanoparticle design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Olimpia Pitirollo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
- CNR – ISTM, Nanotechnology Lab., Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Polito
- CNR – ISTM, Nanotechnology Lab., Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
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19
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Ho JC, Nguyen L, Law JJ, Ware MJ, Keshishian V, Lara NC, Nguyen T, Curley SA, Corr SJ. Non-Invasive Radiofrequency Field Treatment to Produce Hepatic Hyperthermia: Efficacy and Safety in Swine. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2017; 5:1500109. [PMID: 28507824 PMCID: PMC5411244 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2017.2672965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Kanzius non-invasive radio-frequency hyperthermia system (KNiRFH) has been investigated as a treatment option for hepatic hyperthermia cancer therapy. The treatment involves exposing the patient to an external high-power RF (13.56 MHz) electric field, whereby the propagating waves penetrate deep into the tumor causing targeted heating based on differential tissue dielectric properties. However, a comprehensive examination of the Kanzius system alongside any associated toxicities and its ability to induce hepatic hyperthermia in larger animal models, such as swine, are the subjects of the work herein. Ten Yucatan female mini-swine were treated with the KNiRFH system. Two of the pigs were treated a total of 17 times over a five-week period to evaluate short- and long-term KNiRFH-associated toxicities. The remaining eight pigs were subjected to single exposure sessions to evaluate heating efficacy in liver tissue. Our goal was to achieve a liver target temperature of 43°C and to evaluate toxicities and burns post-treatment. Potential toxicities were evaluated by contrast-enhanced MRI of the upper abdomen and blood work, including complete metabolic panel, complete blood count, and liver enzymes. The permittivities of subcutaneous fat and liver were also measured, which were used to calculate tissue specific absorption rates (SAR). Our results indicate negligible KNiRFH-associated toxicities; however, due to fat overheating, liver tissue temperature did not exceed 38.5°C. This experimental limitation was corroborated by tissue permittivity and SAR calculations of subcutaneous fat and liver. Significant steps must be taken to either reduce subcutaneous fat heating or increase localized heating, potentially through the use of KNiRFH-active nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles or single-walled carbon nanotubes, which have previously shown promising results in murine cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Ho
- Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of Surgery
| | - Lam Nguyen
- Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of Surgery
| | | | | | | | - N C Lara
- Rice UniversityDepartment of Chemistry
| | - Trac Nguyen
- Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of Surgery
| | - Steven A Curley
- Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of Surgery.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceRice University
| | - Stuart J Corr
- Baylor College of MedicineDepartment of Surgery.,Rice UniversityDepartment of Chemistry.,University of HoustonDepartment of Bioengineering
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20
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Haume K, Rosa S, Grellet S, Śmiałek MA, Butterworth KT, Solov’yov AV, Prise KM, Golding J, Mason NJ. Gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy: a review. Cancer Nanotechnol 2016; 7:8. [PMID: 27867425 PMCID: PMC5095165 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-016-0021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is currently used in around 50% of cancer treatments and relies on the deposition of energy directly into tumour tissue. Although it is generally effective, some of the deposited energy can adversely affect healthy tissue outside the tumour volume, especially in the case of photon radiation (gamma and X-rays). Improved radiotherapy outcomes can be achieved by employing ion beams due to the characteristic energy deposition curve which culminates in a localised, high radiation dose (in form of a Bragg peak). In addition to ion radiotherapy, novel sensitisers, such as nanoparticles, have shown to locally increase the damaging effect of both photon and ion radiation, when both are applied to the tumour area. Amongst the available nanoparticle systems, gold nanoparticles have become particularly popular due to several advantages: biocompatibility, well-established methods for synthesis in a wide range of sizes, and the possibility of coating of their surface with a large number of different molecules to provide partial control of, for example, surface charge or interaction with serum proteins. This gives a full range of options for design parameter combinations, in which the optimal choice is not always clear, partially due to a lack of understanding of many processes that take place upon irradiation of such complicated systems. In this review, we summarise the mechanisms of action of radiation therapy with photons and ions in the presence and absence of nanoparticles, as well as the influence of some of the core and coating design parameters of nanoparticles on their radiosensitisation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Haume
- Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
| | - Soraia Rosa
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Sophie Grellet
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
| | - Małgorzata A. Śmiałek
- Department of Control and Power Engineering, Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karl T. Butterworth
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | | | - Kevin M. Prise
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Jon Golding
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
| | - Nigel J. Mason
- Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
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21
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Wang Q, Huang JY, Li HQ, Chen Z, Zhao AZJ, Wang Y, Zhang KQ, Sun HT, Al-Deyab SS, Lai YK. TiO 2 nanotube platforms for smart drug delivery: a review. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4819-4834. [PMID: 27703349 PMCID: PMC5036548 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Titania nanotube (TNT) arrays are recognized as promising materials for localized drug delivery implants because of their excellent properties and facile preparation process. This review highlights the concept of localized drug delivery systems based on TNTs, considering their outstanding biocompatibility in a series of ex vivo and in vivo studies. Considering the safety of TNT implants in the host body, studies of the biocompatibility present significant importance for the clinical application of TNT implants. Toward smart TNT platforms for sustainable drug delivery, several advanced approaches were presented in this review, including controlled release triggered by temperature, light, radiofrequency magnetism, and ultrasonic stimulation. Moreover, TNT implants used in medical therapy have been demonstrated by various examples including dentistry, orthopedic implants, cardiovascular stents, and so on. Finally, a future perspective of TNTs for clinical applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ying Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Hua-Qiong Li
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Allan Zi-Jian Zhao
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Salem S Al-Deyab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yue-Kun Lai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou
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22
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Beik J, Abed Z, Ghoreishi FS, Hosseini-Nami S, Mehrzadi S, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Kamrava SK. Nanotechnology in hyperthermia cancer therapy: From fundamental principles to advanced applications. J Control Release 2016; 235:205-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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Li J, Liu F, Gupta S, Li C. Interventional Nanotheranostics of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1393-402. [PMID: 27375787 PMCID: PMC4924507 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for over 90% of all pancreatic cancer. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer new opportunities for image-guided therapy owing to the unique physicochemical properties of the nanoscale effect and the multifunctional capabilities of NPs. However, major obstacles exist for NP-mediated cancer theranostics, especially in PDAC. The hypovascular nature of PDAC may impede the deposition of NPs into the tumor after systemic administration, and most NPs localize predominantly in the mononuclear phagocytic system, leading to a relatively poor tumor-to-surrounding-organ uptake ratio. Image guidance combined with minimally invasive interventional procedures may help circumvent these barriers to poor drug delivery of NPs in PDAC. Interventional treatments allow regional drug delivery, targeted vascular embolization, direct tumor ablation, and the possibility of disrupting the stromal barrier of PDAC. Interventional treatments also have potentially fewer complications, faster recovery, and lower cost compared with conventional therapies. This work is an overview of current image-guided interventional cancer nanotheranostics with specific attention given to their applications for the management of PDAC.
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24
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Somasundaram VH, Pillai R, Malarvizhi G, Ashokan A, Gowd S, Peethambaran R, Palaniswamy S, Unni AKK, Nair S, Koyakutty M. Biodegradable Radiofrequency Responsive Nanoparticles for Augmented Thermal Ablation Combined with Triggered Drug Release in Liver Tumors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:768-779. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Harish Somasundaram
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Rashmi Pillai
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Giridharan Malarvizhi
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Anusha Ashokan
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Siddaramana Gowd
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Reshmi Peethambaran
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Shanmugasundaram Palaniswamy
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - AKK Unni
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Shantikumar Nair
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Manzoor Koyakutty
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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25
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Shahbazi R, Ozpolat B, Ulubayram K. Oligonucleotide-based theranostic nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1287-308. [PMID: 27102380 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic approaches, combining the functionality of both therapy and imaging, have shown potential in cancer nanomedicine. Oligonucleotides such as small interfering RNA and microRNA, which are powerful therapeutic agents, have been effectively employed in theranostic systems against various cancers. Nanoparticles are used to deliver oligonucleotides into tumors by passive or active targeting while protecting the oligonucleotides from nucleases in the extracellular environment. The use of quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles and tagging with contrast agents, like fluorescent dyes, optical or magnetic agents and various radioisotopes, has facilitated early detection of tumors and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. In this article, we review the advantages of theranostic applications in cancer therapy and imaging, with special attention to oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shahbazi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey
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26
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Bijukumar D, Girish CM, Sasidharan A, Nair S, Koyakutty M. Transferrin-Conjugated Biodegradable Graphene for Targeted Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:1211-1219. [PMID: 33429667 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a clinically established therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, because of poor radio-thermal conductivity of liver tissues, RFA is less efficient against relatively larger (>5 cm) liver tumors. Recently, nanoparticle-enabled RFA has emerged as a better strategy. On the basis of our recent understanding on biodegradability and novel electrothermal properties of graphene, herein, we report development of transferrin conjugated, biodegradable graphene (TfG) for RFA therapy. Cellular uptake studies using confocal microscopy and Raman imaging revealed significantly higher TfG uptake by HCC cells compared to bare graphene. TfG-treated cancer cells upon 5 min exposure to 100 W, 13.5 MHz RF showed >85% cell death, which was 4 times greater than bare graphene. Further evaluation in 3D (3 Dimensional) HCC culture system as well as in vivo rat models demonstrated uniform destruction of tumor cells throughout the 3D microenvironment. This study reveals the potential of molecularly targeted graphene for augmented RFA therapy of liver tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bijukumar
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin 682041, India
| | - C M Girish
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin 682041, India
| | - Abhilash Sasidharan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin 682041, India
| | - Shantikumar Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin 682041, India
| | - Manzoor Koyakutty
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin 682041, India
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27
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Kim KS, Lee SY. Nanoparticle-mediated radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia: A phantom study with magnetic resonance thermometry. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:831-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1096968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Corr SJ, Shamsudeen S, Vergara LA, Ho JCS, Ware MJ, Keshishian V, Yokoi K, Savage DJ, Meraz IM, Kaluarachchi W, Cisneros BT, Raoof M, Nguyen DT, Zhang Y, Wilson LJ, Summers H, Rees P, Curley SA, Serda RE. A New Imaging Platform for Visualizing Biological Effects of Non-Invasive Radiofrequency Electric-Field Cancer Hyperthermia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136382. [PMID: 26308617 PMCID: PMC4550384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a novel imaging platform to study the biological effects of non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) electric field cancer hyperthermia. This system allows for real-time in vivo intravital microscopy (IVM) imaging of radiofrequency-induced biological alterations such as changes in vessel structure and drug perfusion. Our results indicate that the IVM system is able to handle exposure to high-power electric-fields without inducing significant hardware damage or imaging artifacts. Furthermore, short durations of low-power (< 200 W) radiofrequency exposure increased transport and perfusion of fluorescent tracers into the tumors at temperatures below 41°C. Vessel deformations and blood coagulation were seen for tumor temperatures around 44°C. These results highlight the use of our integrated IVM-RF imaging platform as a powerful new tool to visualize the dynamics and interplay between radiofrequency energy and biological tissues, organs, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Corr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sabeel Shamsudeen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Leoncio A. Vergara
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jason Chak-Shing Ho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Ware
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Vazrik Keshishian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kenji Yokoi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David J. Savage
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ismail M. Meraz
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Warna Kaluarachchi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Brandon T. Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Raoof
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Duy Trac Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lon J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Huw Summers
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rees
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Curley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rita E. Serda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Niu H, Zhang X, Wang B, Zhou Z, Wang J, Yang X, Du T. The clinical utility of RFA in esophageal and cardia cancer patients with severe malignant obstruction. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1337-40. [PMID: 26293899 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant obstruction of esophageal and cardia cancer greatly affects the prognosis and life quality of patients. However, no better regimens have been reported up to now. In recent years, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been prospectively proven in the management of some tumors. So, we investigated the impact of RFA on the malignant obstruction of esophageal and cardia cancer. In this study, we evaluated the operation duration, ablation duration, immediate compilations, etc., and followed up for 12 months. Our findings showed that there existed no technical problems in all 22 patients with a mean operation duration of 58 min and mean ablation duration of 23 min. No complication was observed in addition to postoperative low pressure in one patient and retrostenal pain in another patient. Importantly, all 22 patients obtained complete remission with normal diet and felt no sense of obstruction. Mean hospitalization time was 3 days and then the 12-month follow-up continued. To our relief, re-obstruction was not observed in all patients for 2 months. In conclusion, the entire effect of RFA was satisfactory, and patients can obtain a better life quality, less pains, and complications. So RFA should be advocated and greatly investigated by more institutes and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Niu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38# Wuyingshan Road, Jinan, 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xikun Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38# Wuyingshan Road, Jinan, 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38# Wuyingshan Road, Jinan, 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38# Wuyingshan Road, Jinan, 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38# Wuyingshan Road, Jinan, 250031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangshan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Du
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38# Wuyingshan Road, Jinan, 250031, People's Republic of China.
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Bazak R, Houri M, Achy SE, Kamel S, Refaat T. Cancer active targeting by nanoparticles: a comprehensive review of literature. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:769-84. [PMID: 25005786 PMCID: PMC4710367 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and thus, the scientific community has but great efforts to improve cancer management. Among the major challenges in cancer management is development of agents that can be used for early diagnosis and effective therapy. Conventional cancer management frequently lacks accurate tools for detection of early tumors and has an associated risk of serious side effects of chemotherapeutics. The need to optimize therapeutic ratio as the difference with which a treatment affects cancer cells versus healthy tissues lead to idea that it is needful to have a treatment that could act a the "magic bullet"-recognize cancer cells only. Nanoparticle platforms offer a variety of potentially efficient solutions for development of targeted agents that can be exploited for cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are two ways by which targeting of nanoparticles can be achieved, namely passive and active targeting. Passive targeting allows for the efficient localization of nanoparticles within the tumor microenvironment. Active targeting facilitates the active uptake of nanoparticles by the tumor cells themselves. METHODS Relevant English electronic databases and scientifically published original articles and reviews were systematically searched for the purpose of this review. RESULTS In this report, we present a comprehensive review of literatures focusing on the active targeting of nanoparticles to cancer cells, including antibody and antibody fragment-based targeting, antigen-based targeting, aptamer-based targeting, as well as ligand-based targeting. CONCLUSION To date, the optimum targeting strategy has not yet been announced, each has its own advantages and disadvantages even though a number of them have found their way for clinical application. Perhaps, a combination of strategies can be employed to improve the precision of drug delivery, paving the way for a more effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remon Bazak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Houri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar El Achy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Serag Kamel
- House Officer, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer Refaat
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Radio frequency responsive nano-biomaterials for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2015; 204:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Sasidharan A, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Biomedical applications of gold nanomaterials: opportunities and challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 7:779-96. [PMID: 25808787 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been an unprecedented development of gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) for potential clinical applications. Owing to their advantageous physical, chemical, and biological properties, AuNMs have attracted great attention in the nanomedicine arena for applications in biological sensing, biomedical imaging, drug delivery, and photothermal therapy. Their tunable size, shape, and surface characteristics coupled with excellent biocompatibility render them ideal candidates for translation from bench-top to bedside. This review summarizes the recent research on the applications of AuNM with a focus on biomedical diagnostics and therapeutics. The bio-interaction of these NM with cells and their in vivo responses are presented. After reviewing these potential applications, future challenges and prospects are discussed and the suitability of how AuNMs are used as effective tools in clinical medicine is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Sasidharan
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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33
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Chiarelli PA, Kievit FM, Zhang M, Ellenbogen RG. Bionanotechnology and the future of glioma. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:S45-58. [PMID: 25722933 PMCID: PMC4338483 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.151334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Designer nanoscaled materials have the potential to revolutionize diagnosis and treatment for glioma. This review summarizes current progress in nanoparticle-based therapies for glioma treatment including targeting, drug delivery, gene delivery, and direct tumor ablation. Preclinical and current human clinical trials are discussed. Although progress in the field has been significant over the past decade, many successful strategies demonstrated in the laboratory have yet to be implemented in human clinical trials. Looking forward, we provide examples of combined treatment strategies, which harness the potential for nanoparticles to interact with their biochemical environment, and simultaneously with externally applied photons or magnetic fields. We present our notion of the "ideal" nanoparticle for glioma, a concept that may soon be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Chiarelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Anti-cancer, pharmacokinetics and tumor localization studies of pH-, RF- and thermo-responsive nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 74:249-62. [PMID: 25526695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The curcumin-encapsulated chitosan-graft-poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) nanoparticles containing gold nanoparticles (Au-CRC-TRC-NPs) were developed by ionic cross-linking method. After "optimum RF exposure" at 40 W for 5 min, Au-CRC-TRC-NPs dissipated heat energy in the range of ∼42°C, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of chitosan-graft-poly(N-vinyl caprolactam), causing controlled curcumin release and apoptosis to cancer cells. Further, in vivo PK/PD studies on swiss albino mice revealed that Au-CRC-TRC-NPs could be sustained in circulation for a week with no harm to internal organs. The colon tumor localization studies revealed that Au-CRC-TRC-NPs were retained in tumor for a week. These results throw light on their feasibility as multi-responsive nanomedicine for RF-assisted cancer treatment modalities.
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35
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Collins CB, McCoy RS, Ackerson BJ, Collins GJ, Ackerson CJ. Radiofrequency heating pathways for gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8459-72. [PMID: 24962620 PMCID: PMC4624276 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00464g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This feature article reviews the thermal dissipation of nanoscopic gold under radiofrequency (RF) irradiation. It also presents previously unpublished data addressing obscure aspects of this phenomenon. While applications in biology motivated initial investigation of RF heating of gold nanoparticles, recent controversy concerning whether thermal effects can be attributed to nanoscopic gold highlight the need to understand the involved mechanism or mechanisms of heating. Both the nature of the particle and the nature of the RF field influence heating. Aspects of nanoparticle chemistry which may affect thermal dissipation include the hydrodynamic diameter of the particle, the oxidation state and related magnetism of the core, and the chemical nature of the ligand shell. Aspects of RF which may affect thermal dissipation include power, frequency and antenna designs that emphasize relative strength of magnetic or electric fields. These nanoparticle and RF properties are analysed in the context of three heating mechanisms proposed to explain gold nanoparticle heating in an RF field. This article also makes a critical analysis of the existing literature in the context of the nanoparticle preparations, RF structure, and suggested mechanisms in previously reported experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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36
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Webb JA, Bardhan R. Emerging advances in nanomedicine with engineered gold nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2502-30. [PMID: 24445488 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanostructures possess unique characteristics that enable their use as contrast agents, as therapeutic entities, and as scaffolds to adhere functional molecules, therapeutic cargo, and targeting ligands. Due to their ease of synthesis, straightforward surface functionalization, and non-toxicity, gold nanostructures have emerged as powerful nanoagents for cancer detection and treatment. This comprehensive review summarizes the progress made in nanomedicine with gold nanostructures (1) as probes for various bioimaging techniques including dark-field, one-photon and two-photon fluorescence, photothermal optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic tomography, positron emission tomography, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering based imaging, (2) as therapeutic components for photothermal therapy, gene and drug delivery, and radiofrequency ablation, and (3) as a theranostic platform to simultaneously achieve both cancer detection and treatment. Distinct from other published reviews, this article also discusses the recent advances of gold nanostructures as contrast agents and therapeutic actuators for inflammatory diseases including atherosclerotic plaque and arthritis. For each of the topics discussed above, the fundamental principles and progress made in the past five years are discussed. The review concludes with a detailed future outlook discussing the challenges in using gold nanostructures, cellular trafficking, and translational considerations that are imperative for rapid clinical viability of plasmonic nanostructures, as well as the significance of emerging technologies such as Fano resonant gold nanostructures in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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37
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Karmani L, Bouchat V, Bouzin C, Levêque P, Labar D, Bol A, Deumer G, Marega R, Bonifazi D, Haufroid V, Michiels C, Grégoire V, Feron O, Lucas S, Vander Borght T, Gallez B. (89)Zr-labeled anti-endoglin antibody-targeted gold nanoparticles for imaging cancer: implications for future cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1923-37. [PMID: 24547782 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Antibody-labeled gold nanoparticles represent an attractive tool for cancer imaging and therapy. In this study, the anti-CD105 antibody was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the first time. The antibody biodistribution in mice before and after conjugation to AuNPs was studied, with a focus on tumor targeting. MATERIALS & METHODS Antibodies were radiolabeled with 89Zr before conjugation to AuNPs (5 nm). Immunonanoconjugates were characterized in vitro in terms of size, stability in plasma and binding to the target. Quantitative PET imaging and ICP-MS analysis assessed in vivo distribution and specific tumor targeting of tracers. RESULTS The tumor uptake of immunoconjugates was preserved up to 24 h after injection, with high tumor contrast and selective tumor targeting. No major tracer accumulation was observed over time in nonspecific organs. ICP-MS analysis confirmed the antibody specificity after nanoparticle conjugation. CONCLUSION The anti-CD105 antibody conjugation to AuNPs did not greatly affect CD105-dependent tumor uptake and the efficacy of tumor targeting for cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Karmani
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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38
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Karmani L, Labar D, Valembois V, Bouchat V, Nagaswaran PG, Bol A, Gillart J, Levêque P, Bouzin C, Bonifazi D, Michiels C, Feron O, Grégoire V, Lucas S, Vander Borght T, Gallez B. Antibody-functionalized nanoparticles for imaging cancer: influence of conjugation to gold nanoparticles on the biodistribution of 89Zr-labeled cetuximab in mice. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:402-8. [PMID: 23740810 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-labeled gold nanoparticles represent a promising novel tool regarding cancer imaging and therapy. Nevertheless, the characterization of biodistribution of such immunonanocarriers has been poorly documented. In this study, the biodistribution of (89)Zr-labeled cetuximab before and after the coupling reaction to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was compared and the quantitative imaging performance of (89)Zr immuno-PET was evaluated. Cetuximab was functionalized with the desferal moiety and labeled with (89)Zr ((89)Zr-Df-Bz-NCS-cetuximab). AuNPs with a mean diameter of 5 nm were synthesized according a new method developed in the laboratory, and conjugated to (89)Zr-Df-Bz-NCS-cetuximab using carbodiimide chemistry (AuNPs-PPAA-cetuximab-(89)Zr). The two tracers were injected in A431 xenograft-bearing mice. Tumor and liver uptakes were assessed at different times after injection using quantitative PET imaging. The in vivo specificity of the binding was investigated using a saturating dose of unlabeled cetuximab. Radiolabeled cetuximab was conjugated to AuNPs with a coupling reaction yield >75%. All conjugates were stable in vitro and to a lesser extent in plasma. In vivo distribution studies revealed no significant difference in tumor uptake for cetuximab conjugated to nanoparticles up to 72 h after injection, compared with unconjugated cetuximab. Immuno-PET studies showed that AuNPs-PPAA-cetuximab-(89)Zr provided high tumor-to-background ratio. The liver uptake of AuNPs-PPAA-cetuximab-(89)Zr was higher, compared with (89)Zr-Df-Bz-NCS-cetuximab. In vivo blocking experiments demonstrated selective tumor targeting after coupling reaction. This study showed that the conjugation of AuNPs to cetuximab did not affect its tumor accumulation and that the efficacy of EGFR-targeted nanoparticles was unaltered. The (89)Zr-labeled cetuximab-targeted gold nanoparticles could be a valuable tool for theranostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Karmani
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Corr SJ, Cisneros BT, Green L, Raoof M, Curley SA. Protocols for assessing radiofrequency interactions with gold nanoparticles and biological systems for non-invasive hyperthermia cancer therapy. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24022384 DOI: 10.3791/50480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapies which are less toxic and invasive than their existing counterparts are highly desirable. The use of RF electric-fields that penetrate deep into the body, causing minimal toxicity, are currently being studied as a viable means of non-invasive cancer therapy. It is envisioned that the interactions of RF energy with internalized nanoparticles (NPs) can liberate heat which can then cause overheating (hyperthermia) of the cell, ultimately ending in cell necrosis. In the case of non-biological systems, we present detailed protocols relating to quantifying the heat liberated by highly-concentrated NP colloids. For biological systems, in the case of in vitro experiments, we describe the techniques and conditions which must be adhered to in order to effectively expose cancer cells to RF energy without bulk media heating artifacts significantly obscuring the data. Finally, we give a detailed methodology for in vivo mouse models with ectopic hepatic cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Corr
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
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40
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Aspergillus fumigatus hyphal damage caused by noninvasive radiofrequency field-induced hyperthermia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4444-8. [PMID: 23836166 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01017-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of noninvasive radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia on the viability of Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae in vitro. Radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia resulted in significant (>70%, P < 0.0001) hyphal damage in a time and thermal dose-dependent fashion as assessed by XTT [(sodium 2,3,-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl] (1)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt)], DiBAC [bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol] staining, and transmission electron microscopy. For comparison, water bath hyperthermia was used over the range of 45 to 55°C to study hyphal damage. Radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia resulted in severe damage to the outer fibrillar layer of hyphae at a shorter treatment time compared to water bath hyperthermia. Our preliminary data suggest that radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia might be an additional therapeutic approach to use in the management of mold infections.
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41
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Burford CD, Bhattacharyya KD, Boriraksantikul N, Whiteside PJD, Robertson BP, Peth SM, Islam NE, Viator JA. Nanoparticle Mediated Thermal Ablation of Breast Cancer Cells Using a Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2013; 12:112-8. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2013.2257836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Lan MY, Hsu YB, Hsu CH, Ho CY, Lin JC, Lee SW. Induction of apoptosis by high-dose gold nanoparticles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Auris Nasus Larynx 2013; 40:563-8. [PMID: 23722198 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world, but is a common cancer in southern Asia. Local recurrent disease and distant metastasis of NPC are still the unsolved problems. Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed as potential in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic agents. However, their role on nasopharyngeal cancer remains unknown. The object of this study is to investigate if AuNPs can be used as a new therapeutic agent for NPC by evaluating their anti-tumor effect in vitro. METHODS The AuNPs were prepared by the reduction of chloroauric acid to neutral gold. Their size distribution and microstructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To evaluate their cytotoxic effect, NPC cell line TW01 and Human Nasal Epithelial Cells (HNEpC) were cultured in various concentrations of AuNPs for 3 days. Cell viability was evaluated by Trypan Blue viability assay while morphologic findings were observed via light microscopy. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUPT nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS AuNPs prepared in this study had an average diameter of 20.5nm and they were observed under light microscopy as dark material aggregated in the cells after treatment. Contrary to the HNEpC, the AuNPs reduced cell viability of NPC cell in a concentration-dependant manner by Trypan Blue assay, especially at high concentration. Besides, cell apoptosis was demonstrated by positive TUNEL assay. CONCLUSIONS The AuNP possesses specific imaging properties and is cytotoxic to NPC cells at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ying Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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43
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Andrén-Sandberg A. Pancreatic cancer: chemotherapy and radiotherapy. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 3:1-12. [PMID: 22540056 PMCID: PMC3336926 DOI: 10.4297/najms.2011.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer in many cases appears in a non-curatively resectable stage when the diagnosis is made. Palliative treatment become an option in the patients with advanced stage. The present article reviewed chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various advanced stage of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ake Andrén-Sandberg
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Berry KR, Russell AG, Blake PA, Keith Roper D. Gold nanoparticles reduced in situ and dispersed in polymer thin films: optical and thermal properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:375703. [PMID: 22922704 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/37/375703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical and thermal activity of plasmon-active nanoparticles in transparent dielectric media is of growing interest in thermal therapies, photovoltaics and optoelectronic components in which localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) could play a significant role. This work compares a new method to embed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in dense, composite films with an extension of a previously introduced method. Microscopic and spectroscopic properties of the two films are related to thermal behavior induced via laser excitation of LSPR at 532 nm in the optically transparent dielectric. Gold nanoparticles were incorporated into effectively nonporous 680 μm thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films by (1) direct addition of organic-coated 16 nm nanoparticles; and (2) reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (TCA) into AuNPs. Power loss at LSPR excitation frequency and steady-state temperature maxima at 100 mW continuous laser irradiation showed corresponding increases with respect to the mass of gold introduced into the PDMS films by either method. Measured rates of temperature increase were higher for organic-coated NP, but higher gold content was achieved by reducing TCA, which resulted in larger overall temperature changes in reduced AuNP films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Berry
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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45
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Li D, Jung YS, Kim HK, Chen J, Geller DA, Shuba MV, Maksimenko SA, Patch S, Forati E, Hanson GW. The effect of sample holder geometry on electromagnetic heating of nanoparticle and NaCl solutions at 13.56 MHz. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:3468-74. [PMID: 22997262 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2219049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic absorption and subsequent heating of nanoparticle solutions and simple NaCl ionic solutions is examined for biomedical applications in the radiofrequency range at 13.56 MHz. It is shown via both theory and experiment that for in vitro measurements the shape of the solution container plays a major role in absorption and heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Petersen Institute of NanoScience and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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46
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Yang F, Jin C, Subedi S, Lee CL, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Li J, Di Y, Fu D. Emerging inorganic nanomaterials for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:566-79. [PMID: 22655679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with incidence increasing at an alarming rate and survival not improved substantially during the past three decades. Although enormous efforts have been made in early detection and comprehensive treatment for this disease, little or no survival improvement was obtained, which necessitates the development of novel strategies. Emerging inorganic nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, mesoporous silica/gold/supermagnetic nanoparticles, have been widely used in biomedical research with great optimism for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Such nanoparticles possess unique optical, electrical, magnetic and/or electrochemical properties. With such properties along with their impressive nano-size, these particles can be targeted to cancer cells, tissues, and ligands efficiently and monitored with extreme precision in real-time. In additional to liposome, dendrimer, and polymeric nanoparticles, they are considered the most promising nanomaterials with the capability of both cancer detection and multimodality treatment. Emerging approaches to harness nanotechnology to optimize the existing diagnostic and therapeutic tools for pancreatic cancer have been extensively explored during the recent years. Future options for early detection, individual therapy and monitoring responses of pancreatic cancer are focused on multifunctional nanomedicine. In this review, we present the recent development of clinically applicable inorganic nanoparticles, with focus on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, their advantages in theranostic nanomedicine, and challenges of translation to clinical practice, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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47
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Liu X, Chen HJ, Chen X, Parini C, Wen D. Low frequency heating of gold nanoparticle dispersions for non-invasive thermal therapies. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3945-53. [PMID: 22622412 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been proposed in non-invasive thermal therapies for cancer treatment coupled with radiofrequency (RF) waves. In this work, the dissipation of RF energy by GNPs is systematically investigated both experimentally and theoretically under an EM frequency of 13.56 MHz. To elucidate the impurity effect, purified GNP dispersions are obtained through an ultrasonic-aided method. The result reveals a small bulk temperature increase, i.e., less than one centigrade for impurified samples, and even smaller for purified samples, which contrasts significantly to some earlier publications. The measured dielectric properties of GNP dispersions show a negligible change in the effective conductivities for purified samples, which indicates that the dielectric loss alone does not predict substantial temperature increase of GNPs. Further discussion shows that none of the established theories supports the idea that GNPs can dissipate RF energy significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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48
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Sykes PD, Neoptolemos JP, Costello E, Halloran CM. Nanotechnology advances in upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 6:343-56. [PMID: 22646256 DOI: 10.1586/egh.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the upper GI tract, liver and pancreas have some of the poorest prognoses of any malignancies. Advances in diagnosis and treatment are sorely needed to improve the outcomes of patients. Nanotechnology offers the potential for constructing tailor-made therapies capable of targeting specific cancers. The particles themselves may be endowed with multifunctional properties that can be exploited for both diagnosis and treatment. Although development of therapies is still in the early stages, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) is widespread in diagnostic applications and will probably involve all areas of medicine in the future. Research into NPs is ongoing for upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic cancers, and their use is becoming increasingly popular as contrast media for radiological investigations. Although more sophisticated technologies capable of active targeting are still in the early stages of assessment for clinical use, a small number of NP-based therapies are in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Sykes
- Liverpool Cancer Research UK Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
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49
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Kruse DE, Stephens DN, Lindfors HA, Ingham ES, Paoli EE, Ferrara KW. A radio-frequency coupling network for heating of citrate-coated gold nanoparticles for cancer therapy: design and analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:2002-12. [PMID: 21402506 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2124460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are nontoxic, can be functionalized with ligands, and preferentially accumulate in tumors. We have developed a 13.56-MHz RF-electromagnetic field (RF-EM) delivery system capable of generating high E-field strengths required for noninvasive, noncontact heating of GNPs. The bulk heating and specific heating rates were measured as a function of NP size and concentration. It was found that heating is both size and concentration dependent, with 5 nm particles producing a 50.6 ± 0.2 °C temperature rise in 30 s for 25 μg/mL gold (125 W input). The specific heating rate was also size and concentration dependent, with 5 nm particles producing a specific heating rate of 356 ± 78 kW/g gold at 16 μg/mL (125 W input). Furthermore, we demonstrate that cancer cells incubated with GNPs are killed when exposed to 13.56 MHz RF-EM fields. Compared to cells that were not incubated with GNPs, three out of four RF-treated groups showed a significant enhancement of cell death with GNPs (p<0.05). GNP-enhanced cell killing appears to require temperatures above 50 °C for the experimental parameters used in this study. Transmission electron micrographs show extensive vacuolization with the combination of GNPs and RF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin E Kruse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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50
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Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticulate-mediated drug delivery research has examined a full spectrum of nanoparticles that can be used in diagnostic and therapeutic cancer applications. A key aspect of this technology is in the potential to specifically target the nanoparticles to diseased cells using a range of molecules, in particular antibodies. Antibody–nanoparticle conjugates have the potential to elicit effective targeting and release of therapeutic targets at the disease site, while minimizing off-target side effects caused by dosing of normal tissues. This article provides an overview of various antibody-conjugated nanoparticle strategies, focusing on the rationale of cell-surface receptors targeted and their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Fay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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