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Mortazavi SAR, Tahmasebi S, Lech JC, Welsh JS, Taleie A, Rezaianzadeh A, Zamani A, Mega K, Nematollahi S, Zamani A, Mortazavi SMJ, Sihver L. Digital Screen Time and the Risk of Female Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Matched Case-Control Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:169-182. [PMID: 38628888 PMCID: PMC11016821 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2310-1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background As the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers continues to rise globally, concerns have been raised about their potential impact on human health. Exposure to high energy visible (HEV) blue light, emitted from digital screens, particularly the so-called artificial light at night (ALAN), has been associated with adverse health effects, ranging from disruption of circadian rhythms to cancer. Breast cancer incidence rates are also increasing worldwide. Objective This study aimed at finding a correlation between breast cancer and exposure to blue light from mobile phone. Material and Methods In this retrospective matched case-control study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to blue light from mobile phone screens is associated with an increased risk of female breast cancer. We interviewed 301 breast cancer patients (cases) and 294 controls using a standard questionnaire and performed multivariate analysis, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests for data analysis. Results Although heavy users in the case group of our study had a statistically significant higher mean 10-year cumulative exposure to digital screens compared to the control group (7089±14985 vs 4052±12515 hours, respectively, P=0.038), our study did not find a strong relationship between exposure to HEV and development of breast cancer. Conclusion Our findings suggest that heavy exposure to HEV blue light emitted from mobile phone screens at night might constitute a risk factor for promoting the development of breast cancer, but further large-scale cohort studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedigheh Tahmasebi
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - James C Lech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- International EMF Project & Optical Radiation, World Health Organization, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - James S Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Abdorasoul Taleie
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zamani
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kanu Mega
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UA
| | - Samaneh Nematollahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zamani
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lembit Sihver
- Department of Radiation Physics, Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Maskani M, Abbasi S, Etemad-Rezaee H, Abdolahi H, Zamanpour A, Montazerabadi A. Grading of Gliomas by Contrast-Enhanced CT Radiomics Features. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:151-158. [PMID: 38628893 PMCID: PMC11016825 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2306-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Gliomas, as Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, are greatly common with 80% of malignancy. Treatment methods for gliomas, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy depend on the grade, size, location, and the patient's age. Objective This study aimed to quantify glioma based on the radiomics analysis and classify its grade into High-grade Glioma (HGG) or Low-grade Glioma (LGG) by various machine-learning methods using contrast-enhanced brain Computerized Tomography (CT) scans. Material and Methods This retrospective study involved acquiring and segmenting data, selecting and extracting features, classifying, analyzing, and evaluating classifiers. The study included a total of 62 patients (31 with LGG and 31 with HGG). The tumors were segmented by an experienced CT-scan technologist with 3D slicer software. A total of 14 shape features, 18 histogram-based features, and 75 texture-based features were computed. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) were used to evaluate and compare classification models. Results A total of 13 out of 107 features were selected to differentiate between LGGs and HGGs and to perform various classifier algorithms with different cross-validations. The best classifier algorithm was linear-discriminant with 93.5% accuracy, 96.77% sensitivity, 90.3% specificity, and 0.98% AUC in the differentiation of LGGs and HGGs. Conclusion The proposed method can identify LGG and HGG with 93.5% accuracy, 96.77% sensitivity, 90.3% specificity, and 0.98% AUC, leading to the best treatment for glioma patients by using CT scans based on radiomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Maskani
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Abbasi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Etemad-Rezaee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ghaem Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdolahi
- Department of Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Zamanpour
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Montazerabadi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Amin M, Mahmoodi-Khaledi E, Narrei S, Zeinalian M. A Novel Germline Pathogenic Variant of RECQL4 Gene in an Iranian Pedigree with Familial Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Brief Report. Iran J Med Sci 2023; 48:420-424. [PMID: 37456212 PMCID: PMC10349162 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2022.94539.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common human solid tumor and the leading cause of cancer death. SCC of the breast is a very rare type of cancer that has not been well researched. Early identification of the genetic factors involved can lead to early diagnosis and targeted treatment. The present study was conducted in 2018 at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Isfahan, Iran). The proband was a 66-year-old woman with SCC of the breast and a positive family history of cancer. Blood DNA samples were used for whole-exome sequencing to identify germline pathogenic variants. Variant annotation and prioritization were done on variant call format files using bioinformatics software tools. The screened variants were confirmed using the Sanger sequencing method. Co-segregation analysis was performed on the blood DNA samples of the first- and second-degree relatives of the proband to assess the presence of the mutation. A novel germline pathogenic variant was identified in the RECQL4 gene of the family. RECQL4 is a known protein in DNA repair and replication. Considering its effect on other types of SCC, it may play an important role in SCC initiation and progression in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Amin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mahmoodi-Khaledi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sina Narrei
- Ala Cancer Prevention and Control Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Ala Cancer Prevention and Control Center, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ali Albadery A, Shakir Mahdi Al-Amara S, Abd-Al-Ridha Al-Abdullah A. Phenotyping and Genotyping Evaluation of E. coli Produces Carbapenemase Isolated from Cancer Patients in Al-Basrah, Iraq. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:823-829. [PMID: 38028834 PMCID: PMC10657934 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.359869.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important nosocomial organisms that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in cancer patients is Escherichia coli. A significant cause of concern in managing UTIs is the development of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Escherichia coli with carbapenem resistance has become a more serious problem, particularly in Iraq. In this regard, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E. coli in Al-Basrah, Iraq. Conventional tests and the Vitek®2 system were used to identify the isolates and determine the susceptibility of E.coli isolates to antimicrobials. In addition, E.coli isolates were tested by mCIM and eCIM methods. Moreover, the major carbapenemase genes, including blaSPM, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaKPC were detected by polymerase chain reaction. In total, 120 urine samples were collected from cancer patients who were suspected of having urinary tract infections at Basrah Center of Oncology Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Identification of bacterial growth by using biochemical tests revealed different bacterial species. The most frequent bacteria were E. coli (n=22, 53.65%) isolates. The results showed that 13 (59.09%) and 11 (50%) out of 22 E. coli isolates were positive for the production of carbapenemase, based on the eCIM and sCIM, respectively. The majority of E.coli in this study possessed the blaVIM gene (n=13, 59.1%), followed by the blaKPC gene (n=5, 22.73%), blaIMP gene (n=5, 22.73%), and blaSPM gene (n=4, 18.18%). There is a spread of more than one type of carbapenemase among the E. coli isolates collected from UTI cancer patients in Basrah Hospital. The E. coli identified in the current study had a strong capacity to produce carbapenemase enzymes against the four generations of antibiotics, including imipenem and meropenem antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ali Albadery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Jafer FN, Al-Laaeiby A. A Promising Natural Anti cancer Compound Derived from Gymnoascus dankaliensis. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:701-708. [PMID: 37396737 PMCID: PMC10314247 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.359717.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells and is universally estimated to be a common cause of death. No decisive treatment has been identified to cure cancer; therefore, scientists have focused on developing safe and effective treatments. The activity of natural compounds isolated from living organisms, such as fungi, has been investigated in cancer cells. This study aimed to isolate and analyze natural products, as secondary metabolites (SM), of the fungus Gymnoascus dankaliensis (G. dankaliensis) and identify their activity against SR and HCT-18 (HRT-18) cell lines. G. dankaliensis was isolated from dung samples and identified using a molecular method. The internal transcribed spacer region was amplified from the isolated genomic DNA and sequenced afterward. The isolate was grown on a rice medium as a solid-state fermentation medium to extract natural metabolite products using the ethyl acetate extraction method. The GC-MS analyzed the compound of the natural extract, and the activity of the natural extract was identified against SR and HCT-18 cell lines. The results revealed the ability of G. dankaliensis to produce a natural product as an SM composed of five compounds. The growth of the treated SR and HCT-8 cell lines with the natural extract was inhibited after incubation for 27 h, with the IC50 being 3.57 and 8.61 µg/mL on the HCT-18 and SR cell lines, respectively. In conclusion, the natural extract isolated from the SM of G. dankaliensis showed activity against cancer cells, affecting the SR and HCT-18 cell lines, compared to the control. These results revealed that the product is a promising anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Jafer
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - A Al-Laaeiby
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
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Zhang X, Li MJ, Xia L, Zhang H. The biological function of m6A methyltransferase KIAA1429 and its role in human disease. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14334. [PMID: 36389416 PMCID: PMC9657180 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KIAA1429 is a major m6A methyltransferase, which plays important biological and pharmacological roles in both human cancer or non-cancer diseases. KIAA1429 produce a tumorigenic role in various cancers through regulating DAPK3, ID2, GATA3, SMC1A, CDK1, SIRT1 and other targets, promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and tumor growth . At the same time, KIAA1429 is also effective in non-tumor diseases, such as reproductive system and cardiovascular system diseases. The potential regulatory mechanism of KIAA1429 dependent on m6A modification is related to mRNA, lncRNA, circRNA and miRNAs. In this review, we summarized the current evidence on KIAA1429 in various human cancers or non-cancer diseases and its potential as a prognostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng jiao Li
- Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pathology, Jinan, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan, China
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Mehri-Kakavand G, Pursamimi M, Parwaie W, Ghorbani M, Khosravi M, Hosseini SM, Soleimani Meigooni A. Assessment of Field-in-Field, 3-Field, and 4-Field Treatment Planning Methods for Radiotherapy of Gastro-Esophageal Junction Cancer. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:439-454. [PMID: 36313414 PMCID: PMC9589079 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2206-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastro-esophageal (GE) junction cancer is the fastest-growing tumor, particularly in the United States (US). Objective This study aimed to compare dosimetric and radiobiological factors among field-in-field (FIF), three-field (3F), and four-field box (4FB) radiotherapy planning techniques for gastro-esophageal junction cancer. Material and Methods In this experimental study, thirty patients with GE junction cancer were evaluated, and three planning techniques (field-in-field (FIF), three-field (3F), and four-field box (4FB)) were performed for each patient for a 6-MV photon beam. Dose distribution in the target volume, the monitor units (MUs) required, and the dose delivered to organs at risk (OARs) were compared for these techniques using the paired-sample t-test. Results A significant difference was measured between the FIF and 3F techniques with respect to conformity index (CI), dose homogeneity index (HI), and tumor control probability (TCP) for the target organ, as well as the Dmean for the heart, kidneys, and liver. For the spinal cord, the FIF technique showed a slight reduction in the maximum dose compared to the other two techniques. In addition, the V20 Gy of the lungs and the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of all OARs were reduced with FIF method. Conclusion The FIF technique showed better performance for treating patients with gastro-esophageal junction tumors, in terms of dose homogeneity in the target, conformity of the radiation field with the target volume, TCP, less dose to healthy organs, and fewer MU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Mehri-Kakavand
- MSc, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Pursamimi
- MSc, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wrya Parwaie
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani
- PhD, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khosravi
- MSc, Vali-e-Asr Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini
- PhD Candidate, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhD Candidate, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Garousi S, Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz S, Esfahani K, Lohrasebi T, Mousavi A, Hatef Salmanian A, Rezvani M, Moein M. Meta-Analysis of EGF-Stimulated Normal and Cancer Cell Lines to Discover EGF-Associated Oncogenic Signaling Pathways and Prognostic Biomarkers. Iran J Biotechnol 2022; 20:e3245. [PMID: 36381277 PMCID: PMC9618017 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.323464.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epidermal growth factor (EGF) controls many crucial processes in the human body, it can increase the risk of developing cancer when overexpresses. OBJECTIVES This study focused on detecting cancer-associated genes that are dysregulated by EGF overexpression. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), two independent meta-analyses with normal and cancer RNA-Seq samples treated by EGF were conducted. The new DEGs detected only via two meta-analyses were used in all downstream analyses. To reach count data, the tools of FastQC, Trimmomatic, HISAT2, SAMtools, and HTSeq-count were employed. DEGs in each individual RNA-Seq study and the meta-analysis of RNA-Seq studies were identified using DESeq2 and metaSeq R package, respectively. MCODE detected densely interconnected top clusters in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs obtained from normal and cancer datasets. The DEGs were then introduced to Enrichr and ClueGO/CluePedia, and terms, pathways, and hub genes enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG and Reactome were detected. RESULTS The meta-analysis of normal and cancer datasets revealed 990 and 541 new DEGs, all upregulated. A number of DEGs were enriched in protein K48-linked deubiquitination, ncRNA processing, ribosomal large subunit binding, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Hub genes overexpression (DHX33, INTS8, NMD3, OTUD4, P4HB, RPS3A, SEC13, SKP1, USP34, USP9X, and YOD1) in tumor samples were validated by TCGA and GTEx databases. Overall survival and disease-free survival analysis also confirmed worse survival in patients with hub genes overexpression. CONCLUSIONS The detected hub genes could be used as cancer biomarkers when EGF overexpresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Garousi
- Department of plant genetics and production engineering, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz
- Department of plant genetics and production engineering, Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Kasra Esfahani
- Plant Bioproducts Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Lohrasebi
- Plant Bioproducts Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mousavi
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Plant Bioproducts Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezvani
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moein
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Abed Z, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Eyvazzadeh N. Magnetic Targeting of Magneto-Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Temperature Profile of NIR Laser Irradiated to CT26 Tumor in BALB/C Mice. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:281-288. [PMID: 34189116 PMCID: PMC8236099 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising method in the field of cancer hyperthermia. In this method, interaction between laser light and photosensitizer material, such as plasmonic nanoparticles, leads into a localized heating. Recent efforts in the area of PTT aim to exploit targeting strategies for preferential accumulation of plasmonic nanoparticles within the tumor. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of magneto-plasmonic (Au@Fe2O3) nanoparticles on temperature profile of CT26 tumor, bearing mice were irradiated by NIR laser. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vivo study, Au@Fe2O3 NPs were injected intraperitoneally to Balb/c mice bearing CT26 colorectal tumor. Immediately after injection, a magnet (magnetic field strength of 0.4 Tesla) was placed on the tumor site for 6 hours in order to concentrate nanoparticles inside the tumor. In the next step, the tumors were exposed with NIR laser source (808 nm; 2 W/cm2; 5 min). RESULTS Tumor temperature without magnetic targeting increased ~7 ± 0.9 °C after NIR irradiation, whereas the tumors in magnetic targeted group experienced a temperature rise of ~12 ± 1.4 °C. CONCLUSION It is concluded that Au@Fe2O3 nanoparticle is a good candidate for therapeutic nanostructure in cancer photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaeddin Abed
- MSc, Radiation Research Center, Allied Medical Sciences School, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Eyvazzadeh
- PhD, Radiation Research Center, Allied Medical Sciences School, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Azzi A, Ryangga D, Pawiro SA. Comparison of Air-Gaps Effect in a Small Cavity on Dose Calculation for 6 MV Linac. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:17-28. [PMID: 33564636 PMCID: PMC7859373 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2004-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many authors stated that cavities or air-gaps were the main challenge of dose calculation for head and neck with flattening filter medical linear accelerator (Linac) irradiation. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of air-gap dose calculation on flattening-filter-free (FFF) small field irradiation. Material and Methods: In this comparative study, we did the experimental and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to evaluate the presence of heterogeneities in radiotherapy. We simulated the dose distribution on virtual phantom and the patient’s CT image to determine the air-gap effect of open small field and modulated photon beam, respectively. The dose ratio of air-gaps to tissue-equivalent was calculated both in Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and MC. Results: We found that the dose ratio of air to tissue-equivalent tends to decrease with a larger field size. This correlation was linear with a slope of -0.198±0.001 and -0.161±0.014 for both AAA and MC, respectively. On the other hand, the dose ratio below the air-gap was field size-dependent. The AAA to MC dose calculation as the impact of air-gap thickness and field size varied from 1.57% to 5.35% after the gap. Besides, patient’s skin and oral cavity on head and neck case received a large dose discrepancy according to this study. Conclusion: The dose air to tissue-equivalent ratio decreased with smaller air gaps and larger field sizes. Dose correction for AAA calculation of open small field size should be considered after small air-gaps. However, delivered beam from others gantry angle reduced this effect on clinical case.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azzi
- MSc, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - D Ryangga
- MSc, Department of Radiotherapy, Pasar Minggu Regional General Hospital, South Jakarta, Jakarta, 12550, Indonesia
| | - S A Pawiro
- PhD, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
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Pandesh S, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Shokrani P. Targeted Photothermal Therapy of Melanoma in C57BL/6 Mice using Fe 3O 4@Au Core-shell Nanoparticles and Near-infrared Laser. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:29-38. [PMID: 33564637 PMCID: PMC7859370 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold nanoshells can be tuned to absorb a particular wavelength of light. As a result, these tunable nanoparticles (NPs) can efficiently absorb light and convert it to heat. This phenomenon can be used for cancer treatment known as photothermal therapy. In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4@Au core-shell NPs, magnetically targeted them towards tumor, and used them for photothermal therapy of cancer. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this research was to synthesize Fe3O4@Au core-shell NPs, magnetically target them towards tumor, and use them for photothermal therapy of cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experimental study, twenty mice received 2 × 106 B16-F10 melanoma cells subcutaneously. After tumors volume reached 100 mm3, the mice were divided into five groups including a control group, NPs group, laser irradiation group, NPs + laser group and NPs + magnet + laser group. NPs were injected intravenously. After 6 hours, the tumor region was irradiated by laser (808 nm, 2.5 W/cm2, 6 minutes). The tumor volumes were measured every other day. RESULTS The effective diameter of Fe3O4@Au NPs was approximately 37.8 nm. The average tumor volume in control group, NPs group, laser irradiation group, NPs + laser irradiation group and NPs + magnet + laser irradiation group increased to 47.3, 45.3, 32.8, 19.9 and 7.7 times, respectively in 2 weeks. No obvious change in the average body weight for different groups occurred. CONCLUSION Results demonstrated that magnetically targeted nano-photothermal therapy of cancer described in this paper holds great promise for the selective destruction of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pandesh
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sh Haghjooy Javanmard
- PhD, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Shakeri-Zadeh
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Shokrani
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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van Melle M, Yep Manzano SIS, Wilson H, Hamilton W, Walter FM, Bailey SER. Faecal immunochemical test to triage patients with abdominal symptoms for suspected colorectal cancer in primary care: review of international use and guidelines. Fam Pract 2020; 37:606-615. [PMID: 32377668 PMCID: PMC7571772 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) have been introduced for investigation of primary care patients with low-risk symptoms of colorectal cancer (CRC), but recommendations vary across the world. This systematic review of clinical practice guidelines aimed to determine how FITs are used in symptomatic primary care patients and the underpinning evidence for these guidelines. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and TRIP databases were systematically searched, from 1 November 2008 to 1 November 2018 for guidelines on the assessment of patients with symptoms suggestive of CRC. Known guideline databases, websites and references of related literature were searched. The following questions were addressed: (i) which countries use FIT for symptomatic primary care patients; (ii) in which populations is FIT used; (iii) what is the cut-off level used for haemoglobin in the faeces (FIT) and (iv) on what evidence are FIT recommendations based. RESULTS The search yielded 2433 publications; 25 covered initial diagnostic assessment of patients with symptoms of CRC in 15 countries (Asia, n = 1; Europe, n = 13; Oceania, n = 4; North America, n = 5; and South America, n = 2). In three countries (Australia, Spain and the UK), FIT was recommended for patients with abdominal symptoms, unexplained weight loss, change in bowel habit or anaemia despite a low level of evidence in the symptomatic primary care patient population. CONCLUSIONS Few countries recommend FITs in symptomatic patients in primary care either because of limited evidence or because symptomatic patients are directly referred to secondary care without triage. These results demonstrate a clear need for research on FIT in the symptomatic primary care population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije van Melle
- Institute of Public Health, General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | | | | | - Willie Hamilton
- DISCOVERY Group, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Fiona M Walter
- Institute of Public Health, General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Sarah E R Bailey
- DISCOVERY Group, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (GH) has been in use for over 30 years, and its indications have gradually expanded from the classical replacement therapy in GH deficiency (GHD) to pharmacological therapy in patients with normal GH secretion. The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I ) is closely GH dependent and is the effector of GH biological actions in peripheral tissues. Since IGF-I has potent mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects, the use of GH, especially outside GHD, has raised safety concern regarding cancer risk. The results of experimental, epidemiological and observational studies are not univocal and a number of biases and confounders affect the interpretation of data. The aim of this review is to critically review the data linking GH therapy during childhood with cancer risk, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cianfarani
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital – Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy,Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,Address for correspondence: Stefano Cianfarani, MD, PhD Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital–Tor Vergata University, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165-Rome, Italy Tel: +39-06-6859-3074 Fax: +39-06-6859-2508 E-mail:
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