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Rogers MP, Kothari A, Read M, Kuo PC, Mi Z. Maintaining Myofibroblastic-Like Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts by Cancer Stemness Signal Transduction Feedback Loop. Cureus 2022; 14:e29354. [PMID: 36284815 PMCID: PMC9583706 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myofibroblast-like cancer-associated fibroblasts (myCAF) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) promote cancer stemness, growth, and metastasis. Cancer cell-derived osteopontin (OPN) has been reported as a biomarker related to malignant cancer growth. In this study, we confirm that cancer cell stemness is required for the maintenance of an OPN-induced myCAF phenotype.
Methods: MDA-MB-231 or HepG2 cells and Sox2 knockout variants were co-cultured with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In selected instances, the OPN bioactivity inhibitor OPN-R3 aptamer (APT), OPN-R3 mutant aptamer (MuAPT), or cancer cell stemness inhibitor BBI-608 were added separately. MDA-MB-231 cancer stemness and myCAF markers were quantified by real-time PCR. Stemness-lacking cancer cell mice models were created to confirm that stemness is required for the maintenance of the OPN-induced myCAF phenotype in vivo.
Results: In an MDA-MB-231 co-culture system, myCAF and stemness markers increased. Osteopontin and stemness blockade in this co-culture system decreased both myCAF and stemness marker expression, but OPN blockade after 72 hours had no effect. In contrast, when BBI608 was added at 72 hours, myCAF markers were abated after 36-hour treatment. Replacing wildtype with MDA-MB-231(-/-sox2) in co-cultures at 72 hours decreased myCAF marker expression to baseline despite the Western blot confirming the presence of OPN. Conversely, replacing MDA-MB-231(-/-sox2) cells with wildtype increased myCAF marker expression to a level equivalent to the MDA-MB-231+MSC co-culture system. In vivo osteopontin blockade diminished stemness and myCAF marker expression and stemness lacking cancer cell models, indicated by decreasing myCAF presence. Experiments were repeated in a HepG2 cell line with identical results.
Conclusions: Cancer and myCAF crosstalk increases myCAF maintenance and cancer cell stemness. In this study using human breast and liver cancer cell lines, maintenance of the OPN-induced myCAF phenotype also requires cancer stemness. This indicates that the myCAF phenotype requires two distinct signaling pathways: initiation and maintenance.
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Su X, Wu W, Zhu Z, Lin X, Zeng Y. The effects of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in COPD induced by cigarette smoke: an update. Respir Res 2022; 23:225. [PMID: 36045410 PMCID: PMC9429334 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing a large number of compounds with a variety of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke significantly increases the risk of a variety of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a unique biological process, that refers to epithelial cells losing their polarity and transforming into mobile mesenchymal cells, playing a crucial role in organ development, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Numerous recent studies have shown that EMT is an important pathophysiological process involved in airway fibrosis, airway remodeling, and malignant transformation of COPD. In this review, we summarized the effects of cigarette smoke on the development and progression of COPD and focus on the specific changes and underlying mechanisms of EMT in COPD induced by cigarette smoke. We spotlighted the signaling pathways involved in EMT induced by cigarette smoke and summarize the current research and treatment approaches for EMT in COPD, aiming to provide ideas for potential new treatment and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China.
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The Multiple Roles of CD147 in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158336. [PMID: 35955471 PMCID: PMC9369056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)147, also termed extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer or basigin, is a glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body, the oral cavity included. CD147 actively participates in physiological tissue development or growth and has important roles in reactive processes such as inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair. It is worth noting that deregulated expression and/or activity of CD147 is observed in chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases, as well as in neoplasms. Among the latter, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by an upregulation of CD147 in both the neoplastic and normal cells constituting the tumor mass. Most interestingly, the expression and/or activity of CD147 gradually increase as healthy oral mucosa becomes inflamed; hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions are then set on, and, eventually, OSCC develops. Based on these findings, here we summarize published studies which evaluate whether CD147 could be employed as a marker to monitor OSCC development and progression. Moreover, we describe CD147-promoted cellular and molecular events which are relevant to oral carcinogenesis, with the aim to provide useful information for assessing whether CD147 may be the target of novel therapeutic approaches directed against OSCC.
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Beyond Genetics: Metastasis as an Adaptive Response in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116271. [PMID: 35682953 PMCID: PMC9181003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease represents the primary cause of breast cancer (BC) mortality, yet it is still one of the most enigmatic processes in the biology of this tumor. Metastatic progression includes distinct phases: invasion, intravasation, hematogenous dissemination, extravasation and seeding at distant sites, micro-metastasis formation and metastatic outgrowth. Whole-genome sequencing analyses of primary BC and metastases revealed that BC metastatization is a non-genetically selected trait, rather the result of transcriptional and metabolic adaptation to the unfavorable microenvironmental conditions which cancer cells are exposed to (e.g., hypoxia, low nutrients, endoplasmic reticulum stress and chemotherapy administration). In this regard, the latest multi-omics analyses unveiled intra-tumor phenotypic heterogeneity, which determines the polyclonal nature of breast tumors and constitutes a challenge for clinicians, correlating with patient poor prognosis. The present work reviews BC classification and epidemiology, focusing on the impact of metastatic disease on patient prognosis and survival, while describing general principles and current in vitro/in vivo models of the BC metastatic cascade. The authors address here both genetic and phenotypic intrinsic heterogeneity of breast tumors, reporting the latest studies that support the role of the latter in metastatic spreading. Finally, the review illustrates the mechanisms underlying adaptive stress responses during BC metastatic progression.
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Zubareva EY, Senchukova MA. Prognostic and predictive significance of osteopontin in malignant neoplasms. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2021-8-2-23-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin is an extracellular matrix protein which is produced by different types of cells and plays an important functional role in many biological processes. This review discusses the main functions of osteopontin, its role in the progression and chemoresistance of malignant neoplasms, in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and the body’s immune response to the tumor. The article considers the currently known mechanisms by which osteopontin affects to the survival, mobility and invasion of tumor cells, to tumor sensitivity to drug treatment, as well as the prospects for a integrated study of the predictive significance of osteopontin, markers of hypoxia, angiogenesis, epithelial- mesenchymal transition, and immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Yu. Zubareva
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary; Orenburg State Medical University
| | - M. A. Senchukova
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary; Orenburg State Medical University
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Mohd Ali N, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Boo L, Ky H, Satharasinghe DA, Tan SW, Cheong SK, Huang HD, Lan KC, Chiew MY, Ong HK. Adipose MSCs Suppress MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Metastasis and EMT Pathways Leading to Dormancy via Exosomal-miRNAs Following Co-Culture Interaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010008. [PMID: 33374139 PMCID: PMC7824212 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, and it remains a substantial clinical challenge due to cancer relapse. The presence of a subpopulation of dormant breast cancer cells that survived chemotherapy and metastasized to distant organs may contribute to relapse. Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role as a niche in inducing cancer cells into dormancy as well as involves in the reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) into aggressive phenotype responsible for cancer-related mortality in patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to migrate to TME and interact with cancer cells via secretion of exosome- containing biomolecules, microRNA. Understanding of interaction between MSCs and cancer cells via exosomal miRNAs is important in determining the therapeutic role of MSC in treating breast cancer cells and relapse. In this study, exosomes were harvested from a medium of indirect co-culture of MCF7-luminal and MDA-MB-231-basal breast cancer cells (BCCs) subtypes with adipose MSCs. The interaction resulted in different exosomal miRNAs profiles that modulate essential signaling pathways and cell cycle arrest into dormancy via inhibition of metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overall, breast cancer cells displayed a change towards a more dormant-epithelial phenotype associated with lower rates of metastasis and higher chemoresistance. The study highlights the crucial roles of adipose MSCs in inducing dormancy and identifying miRNAs-dormancy related markers that could be used to identify the metastatic pattern, predict relapses in cancer patients and to be potential candidate targets for new targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Marine Biotechnology, China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor 43900, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Semenyih 43500, Malaysia;
| | - Lily Boo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Huynh Ky
- Department of Agriculture Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Applied Biology, Cantho University, Can Tho 900100, Vietnam;
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
- Cryocord Sdn Bhd, Persiaran Cyberpoint Selatan, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | - Hsien Da Huang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Kuan Chun Lan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Men Yee Chiew
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Han Kiat Ong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia; (N.M.A.); (L.B.); (S.K.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Richardson LS, Taylor RN, Menon R. Reversible EMT and MET mediate amnion remodeling during pregnancy and labor. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/618/eaay1486. [PMID: 32047115 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The amnion is remodeled during pregnancy to protect the growing fetus it contains, and it is particularly dynamic just before and during labor. By combining ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and Western blotting analyses, we found that human and mouse amnion membranes during labor were subject to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mediated, in part, by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway responding to oxidative stress. Primary human amnion epithelial cell cultures established from amnion membranes from nonlaboring, cesarean section deliveries exhibited EMT after exposure to oxidative stress, and the pregnancy maintenance hormone progesterone (P4) reversed this process. Oxidative stress or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulated EMT in a manner that depended on TGF-β-activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 (TAB1) and p38 MAPK. P4 stimulated the reverse transition, MET, in primary human amnion mesenchymal cells (AMCs) through progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (PGRMC2) and c-MYC. Our results indicate that amnion membrane cells dynamically transition between epithelial and mesenchymal states to maintain amnion integrity and repair membrane damage, as well as in response to inflammation and mechanical damage to protect the fetus until parturition. An irreversible EMT and the accumulation of AMCs characterize the amnion membranes at parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Richardson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Sheng W, Shi X, Lin Y, Tang J, Jia C, Cao R, Sun J, Wang G, Zhou L, Dong M. Musashi2 promotes EGF-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer via ZEB1-ERK/MAPK signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:16. [PMID: 31952541 PMCID: PMC6967093 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-1521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous study showed Musashi2 (MSI2) promoted chemotherapy resistance and pernicious biology of pancreatic cancer (PC) by down-regulating Numb and p53. We further explored the novel molecular mechanism involving its oncogenic role in PC development. Methods We investigated the potential role and mechanism of MSI2 in EGF-induced EMT in PC in vitro and vivo. Results EGF enhanced EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) phosphorylation, induced EMT and activated ZEB1-ERK/MAPK signaling in 2 PC cells. However, MSI2 silencing reversed EGF stimulated function, including inhibiting EGF-promoted EMT-like cell morphology and EGF-enhanced cell invasion and migration. Meanwhile, MSI2 silencing inhibited EGF-enhanced EGFR phosphorylation at tyrosine 1068 and reversed EGF-induced change of the key proteins in EMT and ZEB1-ERK/MAPK signaling (ZEB1, E-cad, ZO-1, β-catenin, pERK and c-Myc). Additionally, MSI2 was co-stained and co-immunoprecipitated with ZEB1, pERK and c-Myc in PC cells by IF and co-IP, implying a close interaction between them. In vivo, MSI2 silencing inhibited pancreatic tumor size in situ and distant liver metastases. A close relationship of MSI2 with EMT and ZEB1-ERK/MAPK signaling were also observed in vivo and human PC samples, which coordinately promoted the poor prognosis of PC patients. Conclusions MSI2 promotes EGF-induced EMT in PC via ZEB1-ERK/MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yiheng Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jingtong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Rongxian Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the People's Hospital of Liaoning province, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Guosen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Nanchang University, NanChang, 330006, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the Central Hospital of JingZhou City, JingZhou, 434020, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Yang X, Zheng YT, Rong W. Sevoflurane induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth and motility of colon cancer in vitro and in vivo via inactivating Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Life Sci 2019; 239:116916. [PMID: 31626792 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cell line SW480, and to explore its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS SW480 and SW620 cells were treated with a mixture of 95% O2+5% CO2 containing different concentrations of sevoflurane (1.7% SAV, 3.4% SAV and 5.1% SAV) for 6 h. Meanwhile, we performed a rescue experiment by treating cells with the ERK pathway activator LM22B-10 prior to treatment of cells with 5.1% sevoflurane。 KEY FINDINGS: High concentration (5.1%) of sevoflurane significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of cells, causing G0/G1 phase arrest and promoted apoptosis and autophagy. 5.1% sevoflurane can participate in the regulation of EMT by regulating the expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin and N-cadherin proteins. LM22B-10 promoted proliferation and invasion of cancer cells and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy, while 5.1% sevoflurane could reverse the effect of LM22B-10 on the biological characteristics of cells. Sevoflurane can significantly inhibit tumor growth in SW480 cells transplanted nude mice. Moreover, 5.1% sevoflurane significantly increased the expression of p-Raf, p-MEK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 in SW480 cells and tumor tissues without affecting p-JNK and p-p38 proteins, meanwhile, 5.1% sevoflurane can inhibit the activation of ERK signaling pathway by LM22B-10 in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Sevoflurane can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells, induce apoptosis and autophagy, and participate in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which may be related to its inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400, Shandong, China
| | - Yao-Tun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400, Shandong, China.
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Xu J, Ying Y, Xiong G, Lai L, Wang Q, Yang Y. Amyloid β precursor protein silencing attenuates epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:409-416. [PMID: 31180550 PMCID: PMC6580003 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have significantly improved the local control rate; however, distant metastasis remains a principal cause of mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression levels of amyloid β precursor protein (APP) are increased in NPC. The present study aimed to investigate the association between APP and the development of NPC. In order to knockdown APP expression, an APP-small interfering RNA vector was synthesized and transfected into SUNE-1 cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess cell viability. The migratory and invasive abilities of SUNE-1 cells were examined by wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of APP, and additional factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. APP silencing significantly suppressed cell viability, migration and invasion. In addition, APP interference downregulated the expression levels of metastasis-associated 1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9; however, knockdown of APP led to upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 and inhibited EMT. The phosphorylation levels of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 were decreased following downregulation of APP. The present results suggested that APP knockdown may significantly inhibit the development of NPC by suppressing cell viability, migration and invasion, and by inhibiting the EMT process via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, APP may facilitate the development of a novel gene therapy for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyun Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Lai
- Department of Pathology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
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11
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Gao X, Sheng Y, Yang J, Wang C, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Yan S, Sun H, Wei J, Wang X, Yu X, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Zheng Y, Qiao P, Zhao Y, Dong Q, Qin L. Osteopontin alters DNA methylation through up-regulating DNMT1 and sensitizes CD133+/CD44+ cancer stem cells to 5 azacytidine in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:179. [PMID: 30064482 PMCID: PMC6069805 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), CD133+/CD44+ cells are one subgroup with high stemness and responsible for metastatic relapse and resistance to treatment. Our previous studies have demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) plays critical roles in HCC metastasis. We further investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the role of OPN in regulating the stemness of HCC epigenetically and explored possible targeting strategy. METHODS CD133+/CD44+ subgroup sorting from HCC cell lines and HCC tissues was used to investigate the effects of OPN knockdown on stemness. iTRAQ and MedIP-sequencing were applied to detect the protein profile and epigenetic modification of CD133+/CD44+ subgroup with or without OPN knockdown. The antitumor effects of 5 Azacytidine were examined in cultured HCC cells and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. RESULTS OPN was accumulated in CD133+/CD44+ subgroup of HCC cells. Knocking down OPN significantly inhibited the sphere formation and stemness-related genes expression, and delayed tumor initiation of CD133+/CD44+ subgroup of HCC cells. Employing MedIP-sequencing, dot blot and iTRAQ analyses of CD133+/CD44+ SCR and CD133+/CD44+ shOPN cells, we found that OPN knockdown leaded to reduction in DNA methylation with particular enrichment in CGI. Meanwhile, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), the main methylation maintainer, was downregulated via proteomics analysis, which mediated OPN altering DNA methylation. Furthermore, DNMT1 upregulation could partially rescue the properties of CD133+/CD44+ shOPN cells. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that CD133+/CD44+ cells with high OPN levels were more sensitive to DNA methylation inhibitor, 5 Azacytidine (5 Aza). The above findings were validated in HCC primary cells, a more clinically relevant model. CONCLUSIONS OPN induces methylome reprogramming to enhance the stemness of CD133+/CD44+ subgroup and provides the therapeutic benefits to DNMT1 targeting treatment in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yuanyuan Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shican Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Haoting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jinwang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Peng Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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12
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Lee JH, Poudel B, Ki HH, Nepali S, Lee YM, Shin JS, Kim DK. Complement C1q stimulates the progression of hepatocellular tumor through the activation of discoidin domain receptor 1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4908. [PMID: 29559654 PMCID: PMC5861131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q is known to perform several functions in addition to the role it plays in complement activation. C1q contains a collagen-like portion and DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor 1) is a well-known collagen receptor. Accordingly, we hypothesized C1q might be a novel ligand of DDR1. This study shows for the first time C1q directly induces the activation and upregulation of DDR1, and that this leads to enhanced migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. In addition, C1q was found to induce the activations of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, and to increase the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and 9). Our results reveal a relationship between C1q and DDR1 and suggest C1q-induced DDR1 activation signaling may be involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Barun Poudel
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hui Ki
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, BK21 PLUS for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Bao RF, Shu YJ, Hu YP, Wang XA, Zhang F, Liang HB, Ye YY, Li HF, Xiang SS, Weng H, Cao Y, Wu XS, Li ML, Wu WG, Zhang YJ, Jiang L, Dong Q, Liu YB. miR-101 targeting ZFX suppresses tumor proliferation and metastasis by regulating the MAPK/Erk and Smad pathways in gallbladder carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22339-54. [PMID: 26968949 PMCID: PMC5008364 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC), the most common malignancy of the bile duct, is highly aggressive and has an extremely poor prognosis, which is a result of early metastasis. As it is regulated being at multiple levels, the metastatic cascade in GBC is complex. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer metastasis and are promising therapeutic targets. In this study, miR-101 was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues, particularly in metastatic tissues. In GBC patients, low miR-101 expression was correlated with tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and poor survival. Moreover, miR-101 was an independent prognostic marker for GBC. Additionally, miR-101 inhibited GBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the gene encoding the zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX) was identified as a direct target of miR-101. More importantly, miR-101 significantly reduced activation of the MAPK/Erk and Smad signaling pathways, resulting in inhibition of TGF-β-mediated induction of EMT. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which miR-101 attenuates the EMT and metastasis in GBC cells and suggest that miR-101 can serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GBC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Fa Bao
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hai-Bin Liang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ye
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huai-Feng Li
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xiang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Guang Wu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Jian Zhang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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14
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Cai Y, Ruan J, Yao X, Zhao L, Wang B. MicroRNA-187 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting PTRF in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2787-2794. [PMID: 28393200 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that negatively regulate gene expression play a key role in the development and progression of cancer. Aberrant expression of hsa-miR-187 (miR-187) has been reported in various malignancies. However, the function of miR-187 in tumor progression remains controversial and its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. In the present study, the role of miR-187 in the progression of NSCLC was investigated. Our results revealed that miR-187 was frequently upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Furthermore, ectopic introduction of miR-187 promoted cell migration, whereas miR-187 inhibitor had the contrary effect in NSCLC cells. Of significance, miR-187 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a pivotal role in the initiation of metastasis and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways. Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) was identified as a direct target of miR-187 in the promotion of the migration of NSCLC cells. Restored expression of PTRF neutralized the promoting effect of miR-187 on cell migration and EMT of NSCLC cells. Collectively, our data highlight the pivotal role of miR-187 in the progression of NSCLC, indicating this factor as a potential candidate in molecular cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Cai
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Clinical College of the Second Military Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Clinical College of the Second Military Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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15
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Fong Y, Wu CY, Chang KF, Chen BH, Chou WJ, Tseng CH, Chen YC, Wang HMD, Chen YL, Chiu CC. Dual roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in quinoline compound BPIQ-induced apoptosis and anti-migration of human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:37. [PMID: 28286419 PMCID: PMC5339964 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 2,9-Bis[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]-6-{4-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy] phenyl}-11H-indeno[1,2-c]quinoline-11-one (BPIQ), is a synthetic quinoline analog. A previous study showed the anti-cancer potential of BPIQ through modulating mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. However, the effect of BPIQ on cell migration, an index of cancer metastasis, has not yet been examined. Furthermore, among signal pathways involved in stresses, the members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family are crucial for regulating the survival and migration of cells. In this study, the aim was to explore further the role of MAPK members, including JNK, p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in BPIQ-induced apoptosis and anti-migration of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods Western Blot assay was performed for detecting the activation of MAPK members in NSCLC H1299 cells following BPIQ administration. Cellular proliferation was determined using a trypan blue exclusion assay. Cellular apoptosis was detected using flow cytometer-based Annexin V/propidium iodide dual staining. Cellular migration was determined using wound-healing assay and Boyden’s chamber assay. Zymography assay was performed for examining MMP-2 and -9 activities. The assessment of MAPK inhibition was performed for further validating the role of JNK, p38, and ERK in BPIQ-induced growth inhibition, apoptosis, and migration of NSCLC cells. Results Western Blot assay showed that BPIQ treatment upregulates the phosphorylated levels of both MAPK proteins JNK and ERK. However, only ERK inhibitor rescues BPIQ-induced growth inhibition of NSCLC H1299 cells. The results of Annexin V assay further confirmed the pro-apoptotic role of ERK in BPIQ-induced cell death of H1299 cells. The results of wound healing and Boyden chamber assays showed that sub-IC50 (sub-lethal) concentrations of BPIQ cause a significant inhibition of migration in H1299 cells accompanied with downregulating the activity of MMP-2 and -9, the motility index of cancer cells. Inhibition of ERK significantly enhances BPIQ-induced anti-migration of H1299 cells. Conclusions Our results suggest ERK may play dual roles in BPIQ-induced apoptosis and anti-migration, and it would be worthwhile further developing strategies for treating chemoresistant lung cancers through modulating ERK activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0403-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710 Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan.,The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Cancer Center and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan.,Research Center for Environment Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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16
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Abstract
As an indispensable process of cell life, apoptosis is essential for keeping homeostasis at cell level. Dysregulation of apoptosis is usually involved in the pathological processes of many complex diseases including cancer. With the properties such as high affinity and specificity to their targets, easy of synthesis and modification and good biocompatibility, aptamers have been attractive molecules applied in basic research, diagnostics and therapeutics. This review mainly focuses on the recent researches on application of aptamers in interference of cell apoptosis. Key targets along the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways were respectively dissected using aptamers as a tool, providing an insight into the pathological processes, especially for cancer.
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17
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Chen S, Chen JZ, Zhang JQ, Chen HX, Yan ML, Huang L, Tian YF, Chen YL, Wang YD. Hypoxia induces TWIST-activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in nude mice. Cancer Lett 2016; 383:73-84. [PMID: 27693633 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development and progression. TWIST activated by intra-tumoral hypoxia functions to promote the EMT. We hypothesized that TWIST and the downstream gene pathway could mediate PDAC progression under hypoxia. Therefore, 90 PDAC tissue specimens were immunostained for TWIST and other proteins. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were used for in vitro experiments and nude mice were used to confirm the in vivo data. Expression of TWIST and HIF-1α proteins was significantly upregulated, whereas expression of E-cadherin and p16 was down-regulated in PDAC tissues compared to that of non-tumor tissues and in tumor tissues obtained from patients with tumor involving splenic artery than those without splenic artery involvement. Up-regulated TWIST in tumor tissues were associated with worse prognosis in PDAC patients. The in vitro data showed that HIF-1α-induced TWIST overexpression promoted tumor cell growth and EMT under a hypoxic condition via TWIST interaction with Ring1B and EZH2. In vivo data showed that TWIST overexpression or a hypoxic condition induce xenograft growth, abdominal metastasis and low mouse survival, whereas knockdown of either Ring1B or EZH2 expression suppressed tumor xenograft growth and metastasis and prolonged survival of nude mice. TWIST was the key player in promotion of pancreatic cancer development and metastasis under a hypoxic condition through interaction with Ring1B and EZH2 to regulate expression of E-cadherin and p16 proteins in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Zhi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mao-Lin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Feng Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Lin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yao-Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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18
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Thuma F, Heiler S, Schnölzer M, Zöller M. Palmitoylated claudin7 captured in glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains promotes metastasis via associated transmembrane and cytosolic molecules. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30659-77. [PMID: 27120791 PMCID: PMC5058708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cells claudin7 (cld7) is a major component of tight junctions, but is also recovered from glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (GEM). In tumor cells, too, cld7 exists in two stages. Only GEM-located cld7, which is palmitoylated, promotes metastasis. Searching for the underlying mechanism(s) revealed the following.The metastatic capacity of the rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line ASML is lost by a knockdown (kd) of cld7 and is not regained by rescuing cld7 with a mutated palmitoylation site (cld7mPalm). ASML-cld7kd and ASML-cld7mPalm cells show reduced motility and invasiveness. This is due to cld7, but not cld7mPalm associating with α6β4, ezrin, uPAR and MMP14, which jointly support motility and invasion. Palmitoylated cld7 also is engaged in drug resistance by repressing Pten, allowing activation of the antiapoptotic PI3K/Akt pathway. An association of cld7mPalm with the major Pten phosphorylating kinases does not restore apoptosis resistance as phosphorylated Pten is not guided towards GEM to compete with non-phosphorylated Pten. The pathway whereby palmitoylated cld7 supports expression of several EMT genes and nuclear translocation of EMT transcription factors remains to be unraveled. An association with Notch, reduced in ASML-cld7mPalm cells, might be the starting point. Finally, GEM-located, palmitoylated cld7 associates with several components of vesicle transport machineries engaged in exosome biogenesis.Taken together, prerequisites for cld7 acting as a cancer-initiating cell marker are GEM location and palmitoylation, which support a multitude of associations and integration into exosomes. The latter suggests palmitoylated cld7 contributing to message transfer via exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Thuma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Heiler
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Department of Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Osteopontin-A Master Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5040039. [PMID: 27023622 PMCID: PMC4850462 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important functional role in both physiologic and pathologic states. OPN is implicated in the progression of fibrosis, cancer, and metastatic disease in several organ systems. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), first described in embryology, is increasingly being recognized as a significant contributor to fibrotic phenotypes and tumor progression. Several well-established transcription factors regulate EMT and are conserved across tissue types and organ systems, including TWIST, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB), and SNAIL-family members. Recent literature points to an important relationship between OPN and EMT, implicating OPN as a key regulatory component of EMT programs. In this review, OPN’s interplay with traditional EMT activators, both directly and indirectly, will be discussed. Also, OPN’s ability to restructure the tissue and tumor microenvironment to indirectly modify EMT will be reviewed. Together, these diverse pathways demonstrate that OPN is able to modulate EMT and provide new targets for directing therapeutics.
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20
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Lv W, Wang L, Lu J, Mu J, Liu Y, Dong P. Downregulation of TPTE2P1 Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Gallbladder Cancer Cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:656-62. [PMID: 25676706 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human gallbladder cancer is a rare malignancy disease but having poor prognosis over the world. Previous studies have put forward that PTEN is a tumour suppressor in regulating many cellular processes, similar activities have been observed for its mammal homologue TPTE2. In this study, we attempted to unravel the underlying mechanistic basis of the role of TPTE2 and its pseudogene TPTE2P1 in gallbladder cancer. We employed lentivirus-mediated RNA interference as an efficient tool to silence endogenous TPTE2P1 transcription in the gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD/M. The effects of TPTE2P1 on cell migration and invasion were determined by transwell assays. We figured that depletion of TPTE2P1 remarkably inhibited gallbladder cancer cell migration and invasion capacity in vitro and elevated the expression of β-catenin via epithelial-mesenchymal transition signalling. Our findings revealed the functional role of TPTE2P1 in human gallbladder cancer and suggested that TPTE2P1 could serve as a promising therapeutic target and a palliation option in human gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiasheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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21
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The role of adipose-derived stem cells in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:120949. [PMID: 26000019 PMCID: PMC4427098 DOI: 10.1155/2015/120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional breast cancer extirpation involves resection of parts of or the whole gland, resulting in asymmetry and disfiguration. Given the unsatisfactory aesthetic outcomes, patients often desire postmastectomy reconstructive procedures. Autologous fat grafting has been proposed for reconstructive purposes for decades to restore form and anatomy after mastectomy. Fat has the inherent advantage of being autologous tissue and the most natural-appearing filler, but given its inconsistent engraftment and retention rates, it lacks reliability. Implementation of autologous fat grafts with cellular adjuncts, such as multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), has shown promising results. However, it is pertinent and critical to question whether these cells could promote any residual tumor cells to proliferate, differentiate, or metastasize or even induce de novo carcinogenesis. Thus far, preclinical and clinical study findings are discordant. A trend towards potential promotion of both breast cancer growth and invasion by ADSCs found in basic science studies was indeed not confirmed in clinical trials. Whether experimental findings eventually correlate with or will be predictive of clinical outcomes remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to concisely review current experimental findings on the interaction of mesenchymal stem cells and breast cancer, mainly focusing on ADSCs as a promising tool for regenerative medicine, and discuss the implications in clinical translation.
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22
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Zhao T, Hu F, Qiao B, Chen Z, Tao Q. Telomerase reverse transcriptase potentially promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2205-15. [PMID: 25775973 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have found the critical role of telomerase in cellular transformation, proliferation, stemness and cell survival. High levels of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression and telomerase activation have been reported in most cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of human TERT (hTERT) is reported to be correlated with advanced invasive stage of the tumor progression and poor prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by the loss of the cell-cell contact of epithelial cells and the acquisition of migratory and motile properties, is known to be a central mechanism responsible for invasiveness and metastasis of various cancers. Thus, we investigated whether hTERT plays a potential role in the development of EMT. As we expected, our clinical results showed that hTERT is overexpressed in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and OSCC tissues and correlates with clinical aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. We then overexpressed hTERT in primary human oral epithelial cells (HOECS) and found that hTERT has the potential to prolong the lifespan, a process confering the characteristics of EMT by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our findings provided an explanation for the aggressive nature of human tumors overexpressing hTERT and the possibly mechanism that links hTERT to EMT property, which represents a possible therapeutic target in highly metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengchun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang YQ, Wei XL, Liang YK, Chen WL, Zhang F, Bai JW, Qiu SQ, Du CW, Huang WH, Zhang GJ. Over-Expressed Twist Associates with Markers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancers via ERK and Akt Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135851. [PMID: 26295469 PMCID: PMC4546631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Twist, a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and predicts poor prognosis in various kinds of cancers, including breast cancer. In order to further clarify Twist's role in breast cancer, we detected Twist expression in breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. Twist expression was observed in 54% (220/408) of breast cancer patients and was positively associated with tumor size, Ki67, VEGF-C and HER2 expression. Conversely, Twist was negatively associated with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and E-cadherin expression. Patients with Twist expression had a poorer prognosis for 30-month disease free survival (DFS) (82.9%) than patients with negative Twist (92.3%). Overexpression of Twist led to dramatic changes in cellular morphology, proliferation, migratory/invasive capability, and expression of EMT-related biomarkers in breast cancer cells. Moreover, we show that Twist serves as a driver of tumorigenesis, as well as an inducer of EMT, at least in part, through activation of the Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways which are critical for Twist-mediated EMT. Our results demonstrate that Twist expression is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Ki-67 Antigen/genetics
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Twist-Related Protein 1/genetics
- Twist-Related Protein 1/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qu Zhang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Ke Liang
- Cancer Research Center of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Changjiang Scholar’s Research Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Ling Chen
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Changjiang Scholar’s Research Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar’s Research Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Changjiang Scholar’s Research Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Qi Qiu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai-Wen Du
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-He Huang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (WH)
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Center of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Changjiang Scholar’s Research Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (WH)
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24
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Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Lakra AD, Bora HK, Meeran SM. Centchroman suppresses breast cancer metastasis by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via downregulation of HER2/ERK1/2/MMP-9 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 58:1-16. [PMID: 25448414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic spread during carcinogenesis worsens disease prognosis and accelerates the cancer progression. Therefore, newer therapeutic options with higher specificity toward metastatic cancer are required. Centchroman (CC), a female oral contraceptive, has previously been reported to possess antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in human breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of CC-treatment against breast cancer metastasis and associated molecular mechanism using in vitro and in vivo models. CC significantly inhibited the proliferation of human and mouse mammary cancer cells. CC-treatment also inhibited migration and invasion capacities of highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells, at sub-IC50 concentrations. Inhibition of cell migration and invasion was found to be associated with the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as observed by the upregulation of epithelial markers and downregulation of mesenchymal markers as well as decreased activities of matrix metalloproteinases. Experimental EMT induced by exposure to TGFβ/TNFα in nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells was also reversed by CC as evidenced by morphological changes and modulation in the expression levels of EMT-markers. CC-mediated inhibition of cellular migration was, at least partially, mediated through inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling, which was further validated by using MEK1/2 inhibitor (PD0325901). Furthermore, CC-treatment resulted in suppression of tumor growth and lung metastasis in 4T1-syngeneic mouse model. Collectively, our findings suggest that CC-treatment at higher doses specifically induces cellular apoptosis and inhibits cellular proliferation; whereas at lower doses, it inhibits cellular migration and invasion. Therefore, CC could further be developed as an effective drug candidate against metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Amar Deep Lakra
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Himangsu K Bora
- Laboratoy Animal Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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25
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Wang H, Shi J, Luo Y, Liao Q, Niu Y, Zhang F, Shao Z, Ding Y, Zhao L. LIM and SH3 protein 1 induces TGFβ-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer by regulating S100A4 expression. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5835-47. [PMID: 25252758 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) was upregulated in colorectal cancer cases, thereby contributing to the aggressive phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells. However, we still cannot decipher the underlying molecular mechanism associated with colorectal cancer metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, IHC was performed to investigate the expression of proteins in human colorectal cancer tissues. Western blot analysis was used to assess the LASP1-induced signal pathway. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis was performed to screen LASP1-modulated proteins and uncover the molecular mechanism of LASP1. TGFβ was used to induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS LASP1 expression was correlated with the mesenchymal marker vimentin and was inversely correlated with epithelial markers, namely, E-cadherin and β-catenin, in clinical colorectal cancer samples. The gain- and loss-of-function assay showed that LASP1 induces EMT-like phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. S100A4, identified as a LASP1-modulated protein, was upregulated by LASP1. Moreover, it is frequently coexpressed with LASP1 in colorectal cancer. S100A4 was required for EMT, and an increased cell invasiveness of colorectal cancer cell is induced by LASP1. Furthermore, the stimulation of TGFβ resulted in an activated Smad pathway that increased the expression of LASP1 and S100A4. The depletion of LASP1 or S100A4 expression inhibited the TGFβ signaling pathway. Moreover, it significantly weakened the proinvasive effects of TGFβ on colorectal cancer cells. CONCLUSION These findings elucidate the central role of LASP1 in the TGFβ-mediated EMT process and suggest a potential target for the clinical intervention in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaolong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Niu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Shao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Parks AJ, Pollastri MP, Hahn ME, Stanford EA, Novikov O, Franks DG, Haigh SE, Narasimhan S, Ashton TD, Hopper TG, Kozakov D, Beglov D, Vajda S, Schlezinger JJ, Sherr DH. In silico identification of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist with biological activity in vitro and in vivo. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:593-608. [PMID: 25159092 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.093369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is critically involved in several physiologic processes, including cancer progression and multiple immune system activities. We, and others, have hypothesized that AHR modulators represent an important new class of targeted therapeutics. Here, ligand shape-based virtual modeling techniques were used to identify novel AHR ligands on the basis of previously identified chemotypes. Four structurally unique compounds were identified. One lead compound, 2-((2-(5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)oxy)acetamide (CB7993113), was further tested for its ability to block three AHR-dependent biologic activities: triple-negative breast cancer cell invasion or migration in vitro and AHR ligand-induced bone marrow toxicity in vivo. CB7993113 directly bound both murine and human AHR and inhibited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)- and TCDD-induced reporter activity by 75% and 90% respectively. A novel homology model, comprehensive agonist and inhibitor titration experiments, and AHR localization studies were consistent with competitive antagonism and blockade of nuclear translocation as the primary mechanism of action. CB7993113 (IC50 3.3 × 10(-7) M) effectively reduced invasion of human breast cancer cells in three-dimensional cultures and blocked tumor cell migration in two-dimensional cultures without significantly affecting cell viability or proliferation. Finally, CB7993113 effectively inhibited the bone marrow ablative effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in vivo, demonstrating drug absorption and tissue distribution leading to pharmacological efficacy. These experiments suggest that AHR antagonists such as CB7993113 may represent a new class of targeted therapeutics for immunomodulation and/or cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Parks
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Michael P Pollastri
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Elizabeth A Stanford
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Olga Novikov
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Diana G Franks
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Sarah E Haigh
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Supraja Narasimhan
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Trent D Ashton
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Timothy G Hopper
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Dmytro Kozakov
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Dimitri Beglov
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Sandor Vajda
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
| | - David H Sherr
- Molecular Medicine Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N.); Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (A.J.P., E.A.S., O.N., S.N., J.J.S., DHS); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (M.P.P., T.G.H.); Department of Chemistry, Boston University (T.D.A.); Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts (M.E.H., D.G.F.); Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (S.E.H.); and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K., D.B., S.V.)
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27
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Shevde LA, Samant RS. Role of osteopontin in the pathophysiology of cancer. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:131-41. [PMID: 24657887 PMCID: PMC5916777 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine that impacts cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, invasion, and stem like behavior. Due to its critical involvement in regulating cellular functions, its aberrant expression and/or splicing is functionally responsible for undesirable alterations in disease pathologies, specifically cancer. It is implicated in promoting invasive and metastatic progression of many carcinomas. Due to its autocrine and paracrine activities OPN has been shown to be a crucial mediator of cellular cross talk and an influential factor in the tumor microenvironment. OPN has been implicated as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for several cancer types. It has also been explored as a possible target for treatment. In this article we hope to provide a broad perspective on the importance of OPN in the pathophysiology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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28
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ZHU YU, ZHU LIELIE, LU LING, ZHANG LING, ZHANG GUODONG, WANG QIN, YANG PING. Role and mechanism of the alkylglycerone phosphate synthase in suppressing the invasion potential of human glioma and hepatic carcinoma cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:431-6. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Shi M, Zheng D, Sun L, Wang L, Lin L, Wu Y, Zhou M, Liao W, Liao Y, Zuo Q, Liao W. XB130 promotes proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. J Transl Med 2014; 12:1. [PMID: 24387290 PMCID: PMC3882781 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background XB130 has been reported to be expressed by various types of cells such as thyroid cancer and esophageal cancer cells, and it promotes the proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer cells. Our previous study demonstrated that XB130 is also expressed in gastric cancer (GC), and that its expression is associated with the prognosis, but the role of XB130 in GC has not been well characterized. Methods In this study, we investigated the influence of XB130 on gastric tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo and in vitro using the MTT assay, clonogenic assay, BrdU incorporation assay, 3D culture, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis was also performed to identify the potential mechanisms involved. Results The proliferation, migration, and invasion of SGC7901 and MNK45 gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines were all significantly inhibited by knockdown of XB130 using small hairpin RNA. In a xenograft model, tumor growth was markedly inhibited after shXB130-transfected GC cells were implanted into nude mice. After XB130 knockdown, GC cells showed a more epithelial-like phenotype, suggesting an inhibition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, silencing of XB130 reduced the expression of p-Akt/Akt, upregulated expression of epithelial markers including E-cadherin, α-catenin and β-catenin, and downregulated mesenchymal markers including fibronectin and vimentin. Expression of oncoproteins related to tumor metastasis, such as MMP2, MMP9, and CD44, was also significantly reduced. Conclusions These findings indicate that XB130 enhances cell motility and invasiveness by modulating the EMT-like process, while silencing XB130 in GC suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
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