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Rentea RM. From residency to reality: The misalignment of research experience and career funding of the pediatric surgeon scientist. Am J Surg 2024; 236:115832. [PMID: 39025717 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.115832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Rentea
- Comprehensive Colorectal Center, Section of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA; University of Missouri- Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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2
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Nouvong A, Jaswal J, Aungst D. Grants and Funding in Podiatric Science. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2024; 41:247-257. [PMID: 38388121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Evidence-based research is essential to improving podiatric medicine and surgery; however, there are many barriers to conducting research, with a major limitation being lack of research funding. There are various grants and funding sources available to podiatric surgeon scientists, but navigating through the resources can be daunting. In this article, we provide a framework for grant writing and funding opportunities for podiatric surgeons to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksone Nouvong
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Gonda Vascular Surgery, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 504, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jessica Jaswal
- PGY3, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Gonda Vascular Surgery, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 504, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Aungst
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Gonda Vascular Surgery, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 504, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Narahari AK, Patel PD, Chandrabhatla AS, Wolverton J, Lantieri MA, Sarkar A, Mehaffey JH, Wagner CM, Ailawadi G, Pagani FD, Likosky DS. A Nationwide Evaluation of Cardiothoracic Resident Research Productivity. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:449-455. [PMID: 37640148 PMCID: PMC10842395 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating the research productivity of cardiothoracic surgery residents during their training and early career is crucial for tracking their academic development. To this end, the training pathway of residents and the characteristics of their program in relation to their productivity were evaluated. METHODS Alumni lists from integrated 6-year thoracic surgery (I-6) and traditional thoracic surgery residency programs were collected. A Python script was used to search PubMed for publications and the iCite database for citations from each trainee. Publications during a 20-year time span were stratified by the year of publication in relation to the trainee's graduation from thoracic surgery residency. Trainees were analyzed by training program type, institutional availability of a cardiothoracic surgery T32 training grant, and protected academic development time. RESULTS A total of 741 cardiothoracic surgery graduates (I-6, 70; traditional, 671) spanning 1971 to 2021 from 57 programs published >23,000 manuscripts. I-6 trainees published significantly more manuscripts during medical school and residency compared with traditional trainees. Trainees at institutions with cardiothoracic surgery T32 training grants published significantly more manuscripts than those at non-T32 institutions (13 vs 9; P = .0048). I-6 trainees published more manuscripts at programs with dedicated academic development time compared with trainees at programs without protected time (22 vs 9; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS I-6 trainees publish significantly more manuscripts during medical school and residency compared with their traditional colleagues. Trainees at institutions with T32 training grants and dedicated academic development time publish a higher number of manuscripts than trainees without those opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adishesh K Narahari
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Paranjay D Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Jeremy Wolverton
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark A Lantieri
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | | | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Francis D Pagani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Donald S Likosky
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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4
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Hayden Gephart M, Holly LT, Amin-Hanjani S, Zipfel GJ, Mack WJ, Tennekoon M, Korn S. Roadmap for Development of a Strong, Diverse Research Workforce in Neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2023; 93:e53-e58. [PMID: 37581448 PMCID: PMC10552973 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A benchmark of success for the neurosurgeon-scientist includes obtaining individual research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Successful roadmaps to this goal highlight diversity, individual commitment and resiliency, innovative research goals, intentional mentoring, protected research time, and financial support. We must equip neurosurgery residents to surmount obstacles such as long periods of training, gaps in research productivity, and limited protected time for research to ensure successful transition to independent research careers. Strong individual, departmental, and national commitment to scientific development of a diverse cohort of residents and junior faculty will increase the number and diversity of National Institutes of Health-funded neurosurgeon-scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hayden Gephart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Langston T. Holly
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sepideh Amin-Hanjani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory J. Zipfel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William J. Mack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Tennekoon
- Office of Training & Workforce Development, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Korn
- Office of Training & Workforce Development, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Luong VTT, Ho C, Aedo-Lopez V, Segelov E. Gender profile of principal investigators in a large academic clinical trials group. Front Surg 2022; 9:962120. [PMID: 35923437 PMCID: PMC9339678 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.962120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gender equity in medicine has become a significant topic of discussion due to consistently low female representation in academia and leadership roles. Gender imbalance directly affects patient care. This study examined the gender and craft group of the Principal Investigators (PI) of clinical trials run by the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG) Methods Publicly available data was obtained from the AGITG website. Trials were divided into upper, lower gastrointestinal cancer, miscellaneous (neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal stromal tumours). Where multiple PIs were listed, all were counted. Craft group was assigned as surgical, medical, radiation oncology or other. Results There were 69 trials with 89 PI, where 52 trials were represented exclusively by male PIs. Of all PIs, 18 were women (20.2%); all were medical oncologists. Prior to 2005, all PIs were male. The craft group distribution of PIs was: 79% medical oncologists, 12% surgical oncologists, 8% radiation oncologist, 1% nuclear medicine physicians. Regarding trials with multiple PI's, there were 19 in total. Of these, 11 had only male PIs, which included 5 surgeons. Females were more likely to be a co-PI (42%) as opposed to sole PI (18%). There was no gender policy publicly available on the AGITG website. Conclusions There is a low percentage of female PIs in academic oncology trials in the portfolio of this large international trials group. No trial was led by a female surgical or radiation oncologist. There is a need to understand the reasons driving the disparity so that specific strategies can be put in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Thi Thao Luong
- Oncology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne VICAustralia
- Correspondence: Dr Vi Thi Thao Luong
| | - Cindy Ho
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eva Segelov
- Oncology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne VICAustralia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Misiaszek SR, Blitzer D, Drucker CB, Endicott KM, Fitzpatrick SS, Toursavadkohi S, Nagarsheth KH. A Tiered Mentorship Program to Integrate Medical Students Into Clinical Research Projects. Am Surg 2022:31348221079043. [PMID: 35166134 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221079043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herein we describe the development, implementation, and growth of our Vascular Research Training Program (VRTP), emphasizing the intentional involvement of medical students in clinical research. METHODS We developed a VRTP focusing on medical student engagement to encompass 4 pillars: ownership, mentorship, experience, and independence within the research process. The program is organized by clinical projects with an attending surgeon, surgical trainee (fellow or resident), and medical student comprising each research project team. The VRTP program sought to facilitate a culture of learning, accountability, and mentorship to engage and encourage medical student involvement in clinical research. RESULTS We reviewed the productivity of our current vascular surgery faculty by reviewing divisional records of faculty publications and conducting a literature search for the period of 2012 to 2019. The pre-VRTP model produced 13 included manuscripts in 2012-2015 (3.25 per year), while the implemented VRTP model yielded 43 articles (10.75 per year) from 2016-2019. There was no significant change in the impact factor (pre-VRTP mean ± SD was 1.8 ± 1.0 vs 2.2 ± 1.1, P = .17). Medical student productivity rose from 1.3 to 2.7 publications, with a similar rise in the number of students participating in more than one manuscript from 2 to 14. CONCLUSIONS Deliberate involvement of medical trainees as a member of the clinical research team has the potential to generate subsequent increases in research productivity and effective mentorships. Academic surgical divisions should consider organized and intentional involvement of medical students as an essential component of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Misiaszek
- Clinical Sciences Department, 4518West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - David Blitzer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, 12264University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles B Drucker
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, 12264University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kendal M Endicott
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, 12264University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suzanna S Fitzpatrick
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, 12264University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shahab Toursavadkohi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, 12264University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khanjan H Nagarsheth
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, 12264University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lin LO, Barker JC, Khansa I, Janis JE. A Primer for Success as an Early Career Academic Plastic Surgeon. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2022; 10:e4066. [PMID: 35186625 PMCID: PMC8849379 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The early career academic plastic surgeon strives to be an expert surgeon, an innovative researcher, and an impactful educator. Navigating these challenges is difficult in a healthcare landscape with diminishing public research funding, increasing demand from institutions for clinical productivity, and decreased value of surgical education. To help the junior academic plastic surgeon, this article discusses the fundamental aspects of developing an early academic plastic surgery practice, rooted in clinical care, research, and education. METHODS Using published literature, expert opinion, and faculty interviews, the authors prepared this primer for education and guidance of plastic surgery residents considering a career in academic plastic surgery and early career academic plastic surgeons. RESULTS This primer highlights elements important to succeeding as a junior academic plastic surgeon including defining goals and priorities, institutional and financial support, mentorship, education of students and residents, developing a practice niche, promotion and tenure, and social support and burnout. CONCLUSION The early career academic plastic surgeon can create an environment for academic success with appropriate institutional support, mentorship, personal, and social support, to progress toward promotion while minimizing burnout and professional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence O. Lin
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jenny C. Barker
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ibrahim Khansa
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey E. Janis
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Livingston-Rosanoff D, Park KY, Alagoz E, Thibeault S, Gibson A. Setting Up for Success: Strategies to Foster Surgeons' Pursuit of Basic Science Research. J Surg Res 2021; 268:71-78. [PMID: 34289417 PMCID: PMC8678176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons make important contributions to basic science research and are in a unique position to innovate scientifically. The number of surgeons pursuing basic science research has been declining over the past two decades. We sought to describe perceived barriers to surgeons' pursuit of basic science research and identify interventions that mitigate these obstacles. MATERIALS & METHODS An online survey was sent to chairs of academic surgery departments and practicing surgeons involved in basic science research. A subset of these participants were interviewed about their experiences. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and uploaded to NVivo. Two coders developed a codebook using inductive content analysis to identify relevant themes. RESULTS 97 people responded to the survey, 27 (29%) were department chairs. Major barriers to basic science research for all respondents were lack of funding, clinical duties and lack of dedicated time for research. Nine surgeons and three departmental chairs were subsequently interviewed. The importance of having clear research goals and timetables with specific plans for attaining funding were mentioned by all. Chairs described the usefulness of embedding early surgeon scientists in their scientific mentors' labs in a post-doctoral model. Additionally, departmental leaders must actively work to protect surgeon scientists from encroaching clinical and administrative demands. CONCLUSIONS While barriers to surgeons' pursuit of basic science research exist, the surgeon scientist is a phenotype that can be fostered with the dedication and commitment of surgeons to continue to pursue science research and active support of departmental leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Livingston-Rosanoff
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Research Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Keon Young Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Esra Alagoz
- Wisconsin Surgical Outcomes Research Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Angela Gibson
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
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9
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Mitchem JB. Getting involved in research in colorectal surgery. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scrs.2021.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Gosain A, Chu DI, Smith JJ, Neuman HB, Goldstein AM, Zuckerbraun BS. Climbing the grants ladder: Funding opportunities for surgeons. Surgery 2021; 170:707-712. [PMID: 33789813 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Surgeon-scientists provide critical perspectives to academic medicine, both as lead scientists and as collaborators. Successfully applying for and obtaining funding is critical to sustain a research program; however, significant challenges exist. It is imperative to be aware of and consider all funding sources available to surgeons during the evolution of one's career. Additionally, a deep understanding of intramural and extramural nonfinancial resources, such as mentorship relationships, grant writing, and career development courses, and research infrastructure are required. In this article, we present a set of recommendations and guidelines for surgeon-scientists to leverage funding resources with active planning longitudinally during their careers to sustain their research programs and provide their unique perspectives on surgical disease to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Gosain
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN.
| | - Daniel I Chu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - J Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Heather B Neuman
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Allan M Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Pericàs JM, Bosch X. Going 'trans-E-3-ve': Educational principles for a new generation of medical students. MEDICAL TEACHER 2021; 43:358-360. [PMID: 32529920 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2020.1774529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Educating medical students represents a thrilling yet challenging task. In an era of research breakthroughs but also global health setbacks, there is a risk that scientists and educators focus on highly specialized areas of knowledge, neglecting interrelated systemic issues. Here, we argue that the education of medical students should be embraced using a different strategy remodeled through what we call a 'tranS-E-3-ve' lens. In this new approach, there is no room for scientific reductionism. Instead, health disciplines should be seen from a translational, trans-disciplinary and trans-territorial scope, and should be sensitive to problems and pathways that link global phenomena to health. While current health issues cannot be approached without an equity lens, there are three interconnected dimensions of health that should pervade the content, goals, and design of academic curricula in medical schools: (1) exposome, or the understanding of the environmental contributors to health and disease; (2) identification of the mechanisms involved in the interactions between the elements that constitute complex systems; and (3) 'inner space', or the study of how cells communicate within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Pericàs
- Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bosch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ryan CT, Rosengart TK. Commentary: NIH Funding Remains Vital for Cardiothoracic Surgeon Scientists. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 33:1057-1058. [PMID: 33610697 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Ryan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Todd K Rosengart
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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13
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How to Support a Surgeon Scientist: Lessons from National Institutes of Health K-Award Recipients. J Surg Res 2020; 260:163-168. [PMID: 33341679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Success in academic surgery is challenging and research cannot survive without funding. NIH K-awards are designed to mentor junior investigators to achieve independence. As a result we aimed to study K awardees in departments of surgery and learn from their experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS Utilizing the NIH RePORTer database and filtering by department of surgery, clinically active surgeons receiving a K-award between 2008 and 2018 were asked to complete an online survey. Qualitative data from two open-ended questions were coded independently using standard qualitative methods by three researchers. Using grounded theory, major themes emerged from the codes. RESULTS Of the 144 academic surgeons identified, 89 (62%) completed the survey. The average age was 39 ± 3 when the K-award was granted. Most identified as white (69%). Men (70%) were more likely to be married (P = 0.02) and have children (P = 0.05). To identify intention to pursue R01 funding, surgeons having a K-award for 5 y or more were analyzed (n = 45). Most either intended to (11%) or had already applied (80%) of which 36% were successful. Men were more likely to apply (P = 0.05). Major themes to succeed include protected time, mentorship, and support from leadership. Common barriers to overcome include balancing time, pressures to be clinically productive, and funding. CONCLUSIONS The demographics and career trajectory of NIH K-awarded surgeons is described. The lack of underrepresented minorities receiving grants is concerning. Most recipients required more than one application attempt and plan to or have applied for R01 funding. The major themes were very similar; a supportive environment and time available for research are the most crucial factors to succeed as an academic surgeon.
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Steinman RA, Proulx CN, Levine AS. The Highly Structured Physician Scientist Training Program (PSTP) for Medical Students at the University of Pittsburgh. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2020; 95:1373-1381. [PMID: 32079926 PMCID: PMC7447180 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Physician Scientist Training Program (PSTP) is a 5-year medical student training program designed to prepare the next generation of MD-only physician-scientists engaging in preclinical research. This article provides an overview of the program, including the novel longitudinal structure and competency goals, which facilitate success and persistence in a laboratory-based physician-scientist career. The authors present data on 81 medical students accepted to the program from academic year 2007-2008 through 2018-2019. Extrinsic outcomes, such as publications, grant funding, and residency matching, indicate that PSTP trainees have actively generated research deliverables. A majority of eligible PSTP trainees have earned Howard Hughes Medical Institute Medical Research Fellow funding. PSTP students have produced a mean of 1.6 first-authored publications (median, 1.0) and a mean of 5.1 total publications (median, 4.0) while in medical school and have authored 0.9 publications per year as residents/fellows, excluding internship. Nearly 60% of PSTP students (26/46) have matched to top-10 National Institutes of Health-funded residency programs in their specialty (based on Blue Ridge Institute rankings). PSTP alumni are twice as likely as their classmates to match into research-heavy departments and to publish first-authored papers. Results of a 2018 program evaluation survey indicate that intrinsic outcomes, such as confidence in research skills, significantly correlate with extrinsic outcomes. The program continues to evolve to maximize both scientific agency and career navigation skills in participants. This medical student PSTP model has potential to expand the pool of physician-scientist researchers in preclinical research beyond the capacity of dedicated MD-PhD and postgraduate training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Steinman
- R.A. Steinman is associate professor of medicine, director, Medical Scientist Training Program and Physician Scientist Training Program, and associate dean, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-418X
| | - Chelsea N. Proulx
- C.N. Proulx is evaluation coordinator, Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-2355
| | - Arthur S. Levine
- A.S. Levine is senior vice chancellor, Health Sciences, and Petersen Dean, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-3055
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15
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Lareyre F, Allaire E, Raffort J. From bedside to bench: an evaluation of expectations and challenges encountered by young surgeons facing basic science. Acta Chir Belg 2020; 120:245-249. [PMID: 30909846 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2019.1592989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The evolution of surgical practice may lead to increasing difficulties for surgeons to perform fundamental research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expectations and the challenges encountered by young surgeons when starting basic science.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in France. A written questionnaire was anonymously filled by the participants attending to the Master Degree in surgical science.Results: The study included 47 participants (median age: 28 years, 59.6% of men); 37 (78.7%) participants had applied for a grant for their salary and 32 (68.1%) had obtained it. Nine (19.1%) participants had planned to keep their usual clinical activity. The main motivations were the perspective to embark on an academic career (55.3%) and improvement of knowledge in science (38.3%). The main barriers encountered were the lack of time (70.2%), the lack of interest (27.7%), the lack of financial support (23.4%) and administrative difficulties (12.8%).Conclusion: This study identified main barriers that young surgeons have to face when getting involved in basic science underlining the need to improve institutional and financial support to ensure involvement of new generations of surgeons in surgical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lareyre
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
- CHU, Inserm, C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Eric Allaire
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Raffort
- CHU, Inserm, C3M, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Nice, France
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Zuo KJ, Meng Y, Gordon L, Saun TJ, Mazine A, Ahuja CS, Lipsman N, Rutka JT, Fehlings MG. Navigating the Postgraduate Research Fellowship: A Roadmap for Surgical Residents. J Surg Res 2020; 256:282-289. [PMID: 32712442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To preserve the future of surgical innovation, opportunities for surgical residents to receive structured research training are paramount. The objective of this article is to help surgical residents navigate a research fellowship by overviewing key topics such as choosing an area of focus and supervisor, applying for external funding, transitioning away from clinical duties, managing intellectual property, integrating family planning, and incorporating research experience into independent career development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the framework of the University of Toronto's graduate degree-awarding Surgeon-Scientist Training Program, the authors outline key considerations, decisions, and pearls for surgical residents considering or currently enrolled in a full-time research fellowship training program. RESULTS Full-time research fellowships offer a unique opportunity for residents interested in an academic career. Such full-time research fellowships away from clinical duties allow surgical trainees to focus on developing key research competencies, including how to generate hypotheses, apply research methodology, gain experience presenting and publishing manuscripts, and ultimately apply these skills as independent investigators to improve patient and population health. Research fellowships may also be an opportunity to develop intellectual property or facilitate family planning. Practical tips are provided for the transition back into clinical training and how to effectively market one's research skills for career advancement. CONCLUSIONS The authors outline key considerations, decisions, and pearls for surgical residents considering or currently enrolled in a full-time research fellowship training program. By adhering to the principles highlighted in this article, residents will be able to successfully navigate a full-time research fellowship to optimize their intellectual development, maximize their academic productivity, and facilitate their transition into an independent investigator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Zuo
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Gordon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; International Centre for Surgical Safety, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomas J Saun
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amine Mazine
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher S Ahuja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cell Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Elkbuli A, Zajd S, Narvel RI, Dowd B, Hai S, Mckenney M, Boneva D. Factors Affecting Research Productivity of Trauma Surgeons. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313482008600340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify factors that promote and impede research participation and productivity by Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) surgeons. In addition, the study aimed to determine what changes can be implemented by surgical departments to improve this research productivity and granting. A 25-question anonymous research survey tool was offered to EAST surgeons. The questions analyzed factors including demographics, career accomplishments, current institution type, educational/research background, perceived barriers to research, and current research productivity, including grants. Chi-square tests were used to analyze significance at P < 0.05. The overall response rate was 26.2 per cent (445/1699). Most respondents reported not having any protected research time (86.3%), and no research resources were provided by their institution (78.7%). Factors that were significantly associated with greater research productivity included protected research time ( P < 0.0001), having a mentor ( P < 0.001), practicing in a university-affiliated hospital ( P < 0.0001), publication(s) before completing residency training ( P = 0.02), having institutional resources dedicated to research ( P = 0.015), and male gender ( P = 0.003). Age, race, marital status, and additional educational qualifications were not associated with statistically significant differences in research productivity in this study ( P > 0.05). EAST surgeons are more likely to have scholarly productivity if they are supported with protected time, mentors, nonclinical staff dedicated to research, a history of research before completion of residency, and research resources from their institution. Barriers to research productivity include lack of institutional support, lack of protected research time, and increased regulatory policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Elkbuli
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Sarah Zajd
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Raed Ismail Narvel
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Brianna Dowd
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Shaikh Hai
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
| | - Mark Mckenney
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Dessy Boneva
- Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida and
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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18
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Hughes BD, Butler PD, Edwards MA, Pugh CM, Martin CA. The Society of Black Academic Surgeons CV benchmarking initiative: Early career trends of academic surgical leaders. Am J Surg 2020; 219:546-551. [PMID: 32147021 PMCID: PMC7666881 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons from under-represented backgrounds are less likely to receive academic tenure and obtain leadership positions. Our objective was to query the curriculum vitaes (CVs) of SBAS leadership to develop a benchmarking tool to promote and guide careers in academic surgery. METHODS CVs from academic leaders were reviewed for academic productivity at early career stages-the first 5-and 10-years. Variables queried: peer-reviewed publications, grant funding, surgical societal involvement, invited lectureships and visiting professorships. RESULTS Of 20 CVs, 41 leadership positions including 13 SBAS Presidents were identified. At 5- and 10-years, respectively, the academic productivity increased: 20.6 and 52.3 publications; 4.7 and 9.7 grants; 18 and 42.6 lectures/professorships. CONCLUSION The CV benchmarking tool may be a useful framework for aspiring academic surgeons to track their progress relative to successful SBAS members. Creative strategies like these, paired with faculty mentorship and sponsorship are necessary to improve the ethnic diversity in academic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron D Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paris D Butler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Carla M Pugh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Colin A Martin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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19
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Oetzmann von Sochaczewski C, Muensterer OJ. Pediatric Surgical Research Output in Germany in the Last 30 Years - An Assessment and International Comparison of Three Dedicated Paediatric Surgical Journals. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:152. [PMID: 32391292 PMCID: PMC7188787 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Research output of once-leading countries in surgical journals is decreasing despite an overall increase of scientific publications by 8% per year. We aimed to assess research outputs of German, Dutch, and Israeli pediatric surgeons in dedicated pediatric surgical journals in order to get insight into trends in pediatric surgical research. Methods: We collected bibliographic information on all original articles in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery, European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, and Pediatric Surgery International in 1985-1988, 2000-2003, and 2015-2018 that had a German, Dutch or Israeli last author from a department of pediatric surgery. Citation counts were obtained from the Web of Science. Results: Research output of German pediatric surgery decreased from 19 manuscripts in 1988 (0.1/surgeon/year) to eight manuscripts in 2017 (0.02/surgeon/year), whereas those of the Netherlands increased from two manuscripts in 1985 (0.08/surgeon/year) to 12 manuscripts in 2016 (0.3/surgeon/year). The declining German research output negatively correlated with increasing numbers of specialist pediatric surgeons for total (τ = -0.54; P = 0.0156) and manuscripts per surgeon (τ = -0.79; P = 0.0001), resulting in a negative trend over time (χ2 = 11.845, P = 0.0006). Analyses of citation patterns revealed that manuscripts by Dutch pediatric surgeons and those published in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery had higher absolute citation counts than the reference category of a German manuscript in the European Journal of Pediatric Surgery. Age-corrected citation rates resembled this result by increasing from 2000 to 2003 ( x ˜ = 0.799, range: 0-3.368) to 2015-2018 ( x ˜ = 2, range: 0-5) (P = 0.035) for the Netherlands. Assessment of manuscript types revealed that the proportion of prospective studies increased in the German sample (χ2 = 5.05, P = 0.0246), but remained the lowest among the comparators. Surprisingly, the proportion of non-clinical manuscripts from Germany also increased over time (χ2 = 4.001, P = 0.0455), whereas it remained constant in both the Netherlands and Israel. Conclusion: German pediatric surgical research output decreased in the last thirty years based on the sample of dedicated pediatric surgical journals, while Dutch productivity increased. Citation rates-as a measure of scientific impact-were associated and increased with Dutch manuscripts. The involved factors remain to be determined and whether this represents a shift toward other journals or mirrors a general development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver J Muensterer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Hosfield BD, John QE, Seiler KM, Good M, Dunnington GL, Markel TA. Are surgeons behind the scientific eight ball: Delayed acquisition of the NIH K08 mentored career development award. Am J Surg 2019; 219:366-371. [PMID: 31902525 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery residents complete their research training early in residency. Non-surgical trainees typically have research incorporated toward the last two years of their fellowship, conferring an advantage to apply for grants with recent research experience and preliminary data. METHODS The NIH RePORTER database was queried for K08 awardees trained in medicine, pediatrics, and surgery from 2013 to 2017. 406 K08 recipients were identified and time from completion of clinical training to achieving a K08 award was measured. Data were compared using ANOVA and expressed as mean. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Surgeons took longer to obtain a K08 than those trained in internal medicine (surgery = 3.7 years, internal medicine = 2.58 years p < 0.0001)). All K08 recipients without a PhD took longer to obtain a K08 than recipients with a PhD (MD = 3.50 years and MD/PhD = 2.42 years (p=<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Surgeons take longer to achieve a K08 award than clinicians trained in internal medicine, possibly due to an inherent disadvantage in training structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Hosfield
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Quincy E John
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kristen M Seiler
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary L Dunnington
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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21
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Kumwenda B, Cleland J, Prescott G, Walker K, Johnston P. Relationship between sociodemographic factors and specialty destination of UK trainee doctors: a national cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026961. [PMID: 30918038 PMCID: PMC6475150 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many countries are driving forward policies to widen the socioeconomic profile of medical students and to train more medical students for certain specialties. However, little is known about how socioeconomic origin relates to specialty choice. Nor is there a good understanding of the relationship between academic performance and specialty choice. To address these gaps, our aim was to identify the relationship between socioeconomic background, academic performance and accepted offers into specialty training. DESIGN Longitudinal, cohort study using data from the UK Medical Education Database (https://www.ukmed.ac.uk/). PARTICIPANTS 6065 (60% females) UK doctors who accepted offers to a specialty training (residency) post after completing the 2-year generic foundation programme (UK Foundation Programme) between 2012 and 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Χ2 tests were used to examine the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics, academic ability and the dependent variable, specialty choice. Multiple data imputation was used to address the issue of missing data. Multinomial regression was employed to test the independent variables in predicting the likelihood of choosing a given specialty. RESULTS Participants pursuing careers in more competitive specialties had significantly higher academic scores than colleagues pursuing less competitive ones. After controlling for the presence of multiple factors, trainees who came from families where no parent was educated to a degree level had statistically significant lower odds of choosing careers in medical specialties relative to general practice (OR=0.78, 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.92). Students who entered medical school as school leavers, compared with mature students, had odds 1.2 times higher (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.56) of choosing surgical specialties than general practice. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate a direct association between trainees' sociodemographic characteristics, academic ability and career choices. The findings can be used by medical school, training boards and workforce planners to inform recruitment and retention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kumwenda
- Centre for Healthcare Education Research and Innovation (CHERI), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jennifer Cleland
- Centre for Healthcare Education Research and Innovation (CHERI), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gordon Prescott
- Medical Statistics Team, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kim Walker
- Institute of Education for Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK, Centre for Healthcare Education Research and Innovation (CHERI), Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peter Johnston
- NHS, NHS Grampian and The Scotland Deanery, Aberdeen, UK
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22
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Seil R. Why ESSKA? On what it takes for orthopaedic surgeons and their scientific societies to adapt to societal changes in 2018. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:665-672. [PMID: 30734063 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Seil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
- Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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23
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Narahari AK, Charles EJ, Mehaffey JH, Hawkins RB, Sharma AK, Laubach VE, Tribble CG, Kron IL. Can Lung Transplant Surgeons Still Be Scientists? High Productivity Despite Competitive Funding. Heart Surg Forum 2019; 22:E001-E007. [PMID: 30802188 DOI: 10.1532/hsf.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today's declining federal budget for scientific research is making it consistently more difficult to become federally funded. We hypothesized that even in this difficult era, surgeon-scientists have remained among the most productive and impactful researchers in lung transplantation. METHODS Grants awarded by the NIH for the study of lung transplantation between 1985 and 2015 were identified by searching NIH RePORTER for 5 lung transplantation research areas. A grant impact metric was calculated for each grant by dividing the sum of impact factors for all associated manuscripts by the total funding for that grant. We used nonparametric univariate analysis to compare grant impact metrics by department. RESULTS We identified 109 lung transplantation grants, totaling approximately $300 million, resulting in 2304 papers published in 421 different journals. Surgery has the third highest median grant impact metric (4.2 per $100,000). The department of surgery had a higher median grant impact metric compared to private companies (P <.0001). There was no statistical difference in the grant impact metric compared to all other medical specialties, individual departments with multiple grants, or all basic science departments (all P >.05). CONCLUSIONS Surgeon-scientists in the field of lung transplantation have received fewer grants and less total funding compared to other researchers but have maintained an equally high level of productivity and impact. The dual-threat academic surgeon-scientist is an important asset to the research community and should continue to be supported by the NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adishesh Kalya Narahari
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric J Charles
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert B Hawkins
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Curtis G Tribble
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Irving L Kron
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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24
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Goldstein AM, Blair AB, Keswani SG, Gosain A, Morowitz M, Kuo J, Levine M, Ahuja N, Hackam DJ. A Roadmap for Aspiring Surgeon-Scientists in Today's Healthcare Environment. Ann Surg 2019; 269:66-72. [PMID: 29958227 PMCID: PMC6298819 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgeon-scientists are an essential component of the field of academic surgery, contributing to the fundamental understanding of disease and the discovery of innovative therapies. Despite this recognized value, the current landscape of academic medicine presents significant barriers to establishing and maintaining a successful career as a surgeon performing basic/translational research. Our objective is to define these barriers to academic success for surgeons, and to provide a consensus strategy for optimizing the chances of success. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA There is a significant decline in the proportion of academic surgeons who are pursuing basic science/translational research, which represents a potential threat to the very identify of the translational surgeon-scientist. METHODS Based on published literature and expert opinion, the Basic Science Committee of the Society of University of Surgeons prepared this roadmap to encourage and guide the next generation of surgeon-scientists as they embark on their academic careers. RESULTS This roadmap highlights key elements to consider in choosing an initial job and the importance of identifying a team of committed mentors. Expectations and guidelines for the first several years in practice are offered. CONCLUSIONS With guidance and mentorship, aspiring surgeonscientists can overcome the challenges inherent in choosing this career path and sustain the important legacy of those before them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M. Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alex B. Blair
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Michael Morowitz
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Matthew Levine
- Transplant Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, Yale-New Haven Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and
| | - David J. Hackam
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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25
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Narahari AK, Charles EJ, Mehaffey JH, Hawkins RB, Schubert SA, Tribble CG, Schuessler RB, Damiano RJ, Kron IL. Cardiothoracic surgery training grants provide protected research time vital to the development of academic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:2050-2056. [PMID: 29361300 PMCID: PMC5899647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service Award (T32) provides institutions with financial support to prepare trainees for careers in academic medicine. In 1990, the Cardiac Surgery Branch of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) was replaced by T32 training grants, which became crucial sources of funding for cardiothoracic (CT) surgical research. We hypothesized that T32 grants would be valuable for CT surgery training and yield significant publications and subsequent funding. METHODS Data on all trainees (past and present) supported by CT T32 grants at two institutions were obtained (T32), along with information on trainees from two similarly sized programs without CT T32 funding (Non-T32). Data collected were publicly available and included publications, funding, degrees, fellowships, and academic rank. Non-surgery residents and residents who did not pursue CT surgery were excluded. RESULTS Out of 76 T32 trainees and 294 Non-T32 trainees, data on 62 current trainees or current CT surgeons (T32: 42 vs Control: 20) were included. Trainees who were supported by a CT T32 grant were more likely to pursue CT surgery after residency (T32: 40% [30/76] vs Non-T32: 7% [20/294], P < .0001), publish manuscripts during residency years (P < .0001), obtain subsequent NIH funding (T32: 33% [7/21] vs Non-T32: 5% [1/20], P = .02), and pursue advanced fellowships (T32: 41% [9/22] vs Non-T32: 10% [2/20], P = .02). CONCLUSIONS T32 training grants supporting CT surgery research are vital to develop academic surgeons. These results support continued funding by the NHLBI to effectively develop and train the next generation of academic CT surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adishesh K Narahari
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Eric J Charles
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Robert B Hawkins
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Sarah A Schubert
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Curtis G Tribble
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Richard B Schuessler
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Ralph J Damiano
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Irving L Kron
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
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Abstract
Scientific education and a clinical background allow orthopaedic surgeons to perform leading research. Several resources, skills and techniques may be developed to maximize their research potential.Surgeon-researchers should develop Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-defined (SMART) goals. It is critical to define a timeline - which can be 1 year, 3 years, 5 years - to re-evaluate goals and to plan and identify potential obstacles.Physician-scientists are a product of training, funding, resources, practice setting, context, environment, and infrastructure. Although orthopaedic surgery has difficulty in recruiting surgeon-scientists, these are essential for the promotion of advances in technologies and treatment, as they have unique abilities to raise questions from the bedside and the operating room.The most critical personal traits necessary to succeed as a surgeon-scientist are persistence, resilience, and passion for research. These traits may be innate or acquired through mentorship and from role models.Mentors can improve mentees' research efficiency and help them to persevere.Clinical researchers and surgeon-scientists should focus their research interests and efforts in their areas of clinical expertise.For surgeon-researchers to succeed they must have passion for research, persistence in working toward a goal, collaboration/teamwork skills, resilience, research training/experience, a track record of publications, clear goals and expectations, and a defined research plan as well as being clinically excellent. A formal research degree is desirable.Having non-clinician scientists in the team brings added expertise and value.Funding and protected research time are important. To provide outstanding clinical care and improve the quality of the care delivered, surgeons must be leaders in innovation and research. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alves
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hospital Pediátrico – CHUC, EPE, Portugal
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Mumma BE, Chang AM, Kea B, Ranney ML. Career Development Awards in Emergency Medicine: Resources and Challenges. Acad Emerg Med 2017; 24:855-863. [PMID: 28342177 DOI: 10.1111/acem.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the United States, emergency medicine (EM) researchers hold proportionately fewer federal career development awards than researchers in other specialties. Others hypothesize that this deficit may partly be attributed to lack of mentors, departmental resources, and qualified applicants. Our objectives were to examine the association between departmental and institutional resources and career development awards and to describe the barriers to conducting research and btaining grants in EM. METHODS We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey study of vice chairs for research and research directors at academic emergency departments in the United States in January and February 2016. Participants provided quantitative information regarding their department's demographics, available research resources, number of funded independent investigators, and number of career development awards. They were also asked about the perceived adequacy of departmental and institutional resources and perceived barriers to research and grant success. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression, as appropriate. RESULTS Of 178 eligible participants, 103 (58%) completed the survey. Most departments reported some infrastructure for research and grant submission, including research coordinator(s) (n = 75/99; 76%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 66%-84%), research associates (69/99; 70%, 95% CI = 60%-79%), and administrative/secretarial research support (79/101; 78%, 95% CI = 69%-86%). The majority of departments (56/103; 49%, 95% CI = 44%-64%) had no R01-funded researchers, and only 15 (15%, 95% CI = 8%-23%) had three or more R01-funded researchers. The most frequently reported challenge to junior faculty applying for grants was low motivation for applying (62/103; 60%, 95% CI = 50%-70%), followed closely by insufficient mentorship (50/103; 49%, 95% CI = 39%-59%) and discouragement from low funding rates (50/103; 49%, 95% CI = 39%-59%). In the multivariable model, only the number of departmental R-level-funded researchers was associated with the number of departmental career development awards (coefficient = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.39-1.11; R2 = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS While more multiple departmental and institutional resources correlated with a greater number of funded career development awards, the single greatest predictor was the number of R-level-funded researchers in the department. Low motivation and insufficient mentorship were the most frequently reported barriers to junior faculty applying for career development awards. Further studies are needed to describe junior faculty perspectives on these issues and to explore strategies for overcoming these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn E. Mumma
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of California Davis; Sacramento CA
| | - Anna Marie Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia PA
| | - Bory Kea
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Oregon Health & Sciences University; Portland OR
| | - Megan L. Ranney
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Alpert Medical School; Brown University; Providence RI
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