1
|
Krause T, Moenning JL, Lamp J, Maul R, Schenkel H, Fürst P, Pieper R, Numata J. Transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from oral exposure into cow's milk - Part I: state of knowledge and uncertainties. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:448-470. [PMID: 36089770 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (collectively and colloquially referred to as 'dioxins') as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants that may unintentionally enter and accumulate along the food chain. Owing to their chronic toxic effects in humans and bioaccumulative properties, their presence in feed and food requires particular attention. One important exposure pathway for consumers is consumption of milk and dairy products. Their transfer from feed to milk has been studied for the past 50 years to quantify the uptake and elimination kinetics. We extracted transfer parameters (transfer rate, transfer factor, biotransfer factor and elimination half-lives) in a machine-readable format from seventy-six primary and twenty-nine secondary literature items. Kinetic data for some toxicologically relevant dioxin congeners and the elimination half-lives of dioxin-like PCBs are still not available. A well-defined selection of transfer parameters from literature was statistically analysed and shown to display high variability. To understand this variability, we discuss the data with an emphasis on influencing factors, such as experimental conditions, cow performance parameters and metabolic state. While no universal interpretation could be derived, a tendency for increased transfer into milk is apparently connected to an increase in milk yield and milk fat yield as well as during times of body fat mobilisation, for example during the negative energy balance after calving. Over the past decades, milk yield has increased to over 40 kg/d during high lactation, so more research is needed on how this impacts feed to food transfer for PCDD/Fs and PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Krause
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Louis Moenning
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julika Lamp
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103Kiel, Germany
| | - Ronald Maul
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans Schenkel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Fürst
- Chemical and Veterinary Analytical Institute Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL), Joseph-König-Straße 40, 48147 Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Numata
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brankovič J, Jan J, Fazarinc G, Vrecl M. Bone tissue morphology of rat offspring lactationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and 155. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19016. [PMID: 33149271 PMCID: PMC7642367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous, persistent, organic pollutants also considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Our study examined the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and/or dioxin-like PCB-169 on longitudinal femur growth at the distal epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) in young rats at three different ages [postnatal days (PNDs) 9, 22, and 42]. After delivery, lactating rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155 + 169, and control) and administered PCBs intraperitoneally. The femurs of offspring were used to estimate growth rate (µm/day), and histomorphometric analysis on the distal femur included the thickness of the EGP and zones of proliferation and hypertrophy with calcification. Stereometry was used to determine trabecular bone volume density. In the PCB-169 and PCB-155 + 169 groups, PCB-169 affected longitudinal bone growth in the early postnatal period by interfering with chondrocytes in the EGP zone of proliferation and, to a lesser extent, the zone of hypertrophy. Morphometric alterations in EGP structure diminished until puberty. A slow growth rate persisted in the PCB-169 group until PND 42, while in the PCB-155 group, a fast growth rate between PNDs 9 to 22 was significantly reduced between PNDs 22 to 42. Sterometric assessment showed decreased trabecular bone volume in the PCB-155 + 169 group compared with that in the control on PND 9 and increased in the PCB-169 group compared with that in the PCB-155 group on PND 42. To summarize, studied PCB congeners exerted congener- and age-dependent effects on femur growth rate and its histomorphometric characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brankovič J, Fazarinc G, Antanasova M, Jevnikar P, Jan J, Anders I, Pavšič Vrtač K, Jakovac Strajn B, Antolinc D, Vrecl M. Lactational exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 155: Effects on rat femur growth, biomechanics and mineral composition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:106-113. [PMID: 31078017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are persistent lipophilic environmental pollutants, has a variety of adverse effects on wildlife and human health, including bone mineralization, growth and mechanical strength. The present study evaluated the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and dioxin-like PCB-169, individually and in combination, on pubertal rat femur development and its biomechanics. After offspring delivery, Wistar rat mothers were divided into four groups, i.e., PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169 and control, and were administered PCBs intraperitoneally. Data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition were obtained by analysis of femurs from 42-day-old offspring by microCT scanning, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Decreased somatic mass and femur size, i.e., mass, periosteal circumference and cross sectional area, were observed in the PCB-169 and PCB-155 groups. Additionally, lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in harder and more brittle bones containing higher amounts of minerals. Combined exposure to structurally and functionally different PCBs demonstrated only mild alterations in bone width and mineralization. To conclude, our results demonstrated that alterations, observed on postnatal day 42, were primarily induced by PCB-169, while toxicity from both of the individual congeners may have been reduced in the combined group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Antanasova
- Department of Prosthodontics and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ines Anders
- CF Alternative Biomodels and Preclinical Imaging, Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Pavšič Vrtač
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Department of Environment, Animal Nutrition, Welfare and Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Breda Jakovac Strajn
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Department of Environment, Animal Nutrition, Welfare and Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Antolinc
- Chair for Testing in Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rossi F, Bertuzzi T, Vitali A, Rubini A, Masoero F, Morlacchini M, Piva G. Monitoring of the declining trend of Polychlorobifenyls concentration in milk of contaminated dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2010.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Rossi
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Rubini
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione Veterinaria, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Masoero
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mauro Morlacchini
- Centro Ricerche per la Zootecnia e l’Ambiente, San Bonico (PC), Italy
| | - Gianfranco Piva
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brankovič J, Jovanovski S, Jevnikar P, Hofmeister A, Reininger-Gutmann B, Jan J, Grošelj M, Osredkar J, Uršič M, Fazarinc G, Pogačnik A, Vrecl M. Alterations in geometry, biomechanics, and mineral composition of juvenile rat femur induced by nonplanar PCB-155 and/or planar PCB-169. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1135-1146. [PMID: 27393578 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to widespread lipophilic and bioaccumulative polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induces diverse biochemical and toxicological responses in various organs, including the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in growth rate, geometry, serum, and bone biochemical parameters and biomechanics of juvenile rat femur induced by lactational exposure to nonplanar PCB-155 and planar PCB-169 individually and in combination. Fifteen lactating Wistar rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169, and control), and PCBs were administered intraperitoneally at different time points after delivery. Femurs from 22-day-old offspring were analyzed by microCT, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to obtain data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition. The serum levels of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were also determined. Lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in shorter and thinner femurs, reduced endosteal and periosteal perimeters, smaller total cross-sectional and medullary areas, and lowered serum bone marker levels and calcium levels in the bone, while femur mechanical properties were not significantly altered. The changes observed in the combination exposure (PCB-155+169) group were similar to those observed in the PCB-169 group but were less pronounced. In summary, our results demonstrate that alterations in lactationally exposed offspring were primarily induced by planar PCB-169. The milder outcome in the combined group suggested that the PCB-169-mediated toxic effects on the bone might be reduced by a nonplanar PCB-155 congener. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1135-1146, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sašo Jovanovski
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, 1000, Macedonia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Alexander Hofmeister
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Birgit Reininger-Gutmann
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maja Grošelj
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Uršič
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Azra Pogačnik
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Department of Anatomy, Histology with Embryology and Cytology, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lundin JI, Dills RL, Ylitalo GM, Hanson MB, Emmons CK, Schorr GS, Ahmad J, Hempelmann JA, Parsons KM, Wasser SK. Persistent Organic Pollutant Determination in Killer Whale Scat Samples: Optimization of a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method and Application to Field Samples. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:9-19. [PMID: 26298464 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biologic sample collection in wild cetacean populations is challenging. Most information on toxicant levels is obtained from blubber biopsy samples; however, sample collection is invasive and strictly regulated under permit, thus limiting sample numbers. Methods are needed to monitor toxicant levels that increase temporal and repeat sampling of individuals for population health and recovery models. The objective of this study was to optimize measuring trace levels (parts per billion) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated-diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and hexachlorocyclobenzene, in killer whale scat (fecal) samples. Archival scat samples, initially collected, lyophilized, and extracted with 70 % ethanol for hormone analyses, were used to analyze POP concentrations. The residual pellet was extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Method detection limits ranged from 11 to 125 ng/g dry weight. The described method is suitable for p,p'-DDE, PCBs-138, 153, 180, and 187, and PBDEs-47 and 100; other POPs were below the limit of detection. We applied this method to 126 scat samples collected from Southern Resident killer whales. Scat samples from 22 adult whales also had known POP concentrations in blubber and demonstrated significant correlations (p < 0.01) between matrices across target analytes. Overall, the scat toxicant measures matched previously reported patterns from blubber samples of decreased levels in reproductive-age females and a decreased p,p'-DDE/∑PCB ratio in J-pod. Measuring toxicants in scat samples provides an unprecedented opportunity to noninvasively evaluate contaminant levels in wild cetacean populations; these data have the prospect to provide meaningful information for vital management decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Lundin
- Department of Biology, Center for Conservation Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Russell L Dills
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Bradley Hanson
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Candice K Emmons
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jacqui Ahmad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hempelmann
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kim M Parsons
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel K Wasser
- Department of Biology, Center for Conservation Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jan J, Uršič M, Vrecl M. Levels and distribution of organochlorine pollutants in primary dental tissues and bone of lamb. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:1040-1045. [PMID: 24100271 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the bioconcentration of selected organochlorine pollutants, tetra- and hexa-chlorobiphenyls with planar (PCB-80, PCB-169) and non-planar (PCB-54, PCB-155) structure, and persistent organochlorine pesticides with planar [hexachlorobenzene (HCB)] and non-planar [1,1-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (4,4'-DDE)] structure in primary dental tissues (pulp, dentine, and enamel) and mandibular bone of lactationally exposed lambs, and compared it with the organochlorines distribution pattern in permanent dental tissues and bone. Also, the role of pollutants physicochemical properties and tissue specific characteristics in the bioconcentration was assessed. Residual levels of individual pollutants were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Our results showed that transfer of organochlorines to primary hard dental tissues was higher than to permanent hard dental tissues. Metabolically more stable, planar, and toxic organochlorines (e.g. PCB-169 and HCB) predominated in primary hard dental tissues, where they may represent a potential risk for developmental dental defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paterson G, Liu J, Haffner GD, Drouillard KG. Contribution of fecal egestion to the whole body elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls by Japanese koi (Cyprinus carpio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5769-5774. [PMID: 20666556 DOI: 10.1021/es903348z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated dose-dependent whole body and fecal elimination of 39 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners spanning a range of chemical hydrophobicities (log Kow) by the Japanese koi (Cyprinus carpio). Both whole body (ktot) and fecal (keg) PCB congener elimination rate coefficients were negatively correlated with log Kow and observed to be dose independent. PCB congener ktot values determined for koi were representative of those generated for fish species of similar size and reared at near optimal temperatures. For persistent and metabolized-type PCB congeners, no significant difference was observed between the regressions describing the relationships between ktot and log Kow for these congeners. Individual PCB congener keg coefficient estimates ranged between 1% and 20% of their respective ktot values but averaged only 5% of the magnitude of ktot over a log Kow range of 5.7-7.8. These results verify first-order kinetics of PCB elimination by a fish species and demonstrate that the relative contribution of keg to ktot is negligible, even for highly hydrophobic (log Kow>6.5) compounds. It was concluded that gill elimination is the primary mechanism of elimination for persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs by Japanese koi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gord Paterson
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N9B 3P4.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Assessing the drug-likeness of lamellarins, a marine-derived natural product class with diverse oncological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2165-72. [PMID: 20167395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products currently represent an underutilized source of leads for the pharmaceutical industry, especially when one considers that almost 50% of all drugs were either derived from such sources or are very closely related. Lamellarins are a class of natural products with diverse biological activities and have entered into preclinical development for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors. Although these compounds demonstrated good cell penetration, as observed by their low microM activity in whole cell models, they have not been extensively profiled from a physicochemical point of view, and this is the goal of this study. For this study, we have determined the experimental logP values of a set of 25 lamellarins, given it is the single most important parameter in determining multiple ADMET parameters. We also discuss the relationship between this natural product class, natural product derivatives in development and on the market, oral marketed drugs, as well as drug molecules in development, using a range of physicochemical parameters in conjunction with principal components analysis (PCA). The impact of this systematic analysis on our ongoing medicinal chemistry strategy is also discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ademollo N, Ferrara F, Delise M, Fabietti F, Funari E. Nonylphenol and octylphenol in human breast milk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:984-7. [PMID: 18410965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is the most important form of nourishment for newborn children. Its consumption is strongly recommended by health authorities also for other important advantages. Unfortunately, in the last three decades a great number of investigations have shown the occurrence of several environmental contaminants in human milk, especially those with lipophilic properties. This study investigates the presence of nonylphenol, octylphenol (OP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) and two octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEOs) (namely OP1EO and OP2EO), in human breast milk of Italian women. NP was the contaminant found at the highest levels with mean concentrations of 32 ng/mL, about two orders of magnitude higher than OP (0.08 ng/mL), OP1EO (0.07 ng/mL) and OP2EO (0.16 ng/mL). In the group of study a positive correlation among fish consumption and levels of NP in the milk was observed, in accordance with the evidence that seafood represents one of the most important sources of exposure to this group of contaminants in Italy. On the basis of the concentrations found in the breast milk samples, a maximum NP daily intake of 3.94 microg/kg/day can be calculated, which is close to the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 5 microg/kg body weight (bw) proposed by the Danish Institute of Safety and Toxicology. In the cases of OP no TDI is available, but its intake is at least six orders of magnitude lower than the NOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day derived from a two generation study on rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ademollo
- Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang D, Atkinson S, Hoover-Miller A, Li QX. Polychlorinated naphthalenes and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in tissues of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the northern Gulf of Alaska. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:2044-57. [PMID: 17223166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Blubber, liver and kidney samples of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the northern Gulf of Alaska were collected during 2000-2001 for the analysis of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (CoplPCBs). On the lipid weight (lw) base, the total concentrations of PCNs (Sigma PCNs) ranged from 0.3 to 27 ng/g lw, and the total concentrations of CoplPCBs (Sigma CoplPCBs) were 3.6-546 ng/g lw in all the tissue samples. Di-ortho PCBs and mono-ortho PCBs were dominant followed by non-ortho PCBs and PCNs. Sigma Mono-ortho PCBs and Sigma di-ortho PCBs in nursing seals were apparently lower than those in male adult seals, but Sigma PCNs and Sigma non-ortho PCBs in female adults were not significantly different from those in male adults. Differences in PCNs and CoplPCBs congener profiles in female and male adult seals are apparently related to their chemical structure and properties, animal's developmental stages and physiological conditions. A large quantity of mono-ortho and di-ortho PCBs might be transferred to newborns from the nursing seals during lactation, while non-ortho PCBs and PCNs were relatively accumulative in the mother seals. Sigma PCNs and Sigma CoplPCBs in the harbor seals correlated with ages, gender, body weight and blubber thickness, but the blubber Sigma PCNs and Sigma CoplPCBs in Kodiak Island and Southern Alaska Peninsula (KIAP) did not significantly differ from those in Prince William Sound (PWS). In addition to the new PCB data, this first report on PCN contamination in Alaskan harbor seal tissues is useful for the wildlife and ecosystem management and human health protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pulina G, Nudda A, Battacone G, Cannas A. Effects of nutrition on the contents of fat, protein, somatic cells, aromatic compounds, and undesirable substances in sheep milk. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Costera A, Feidt C, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Rychen G. PCDD/F and PCB transfer to milk in goats exposed to a long-term intake of contaminated hay. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 64:650-7. [PMID: 16337990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the feed to milk transfer of 17 PCDD/Fs and 18 PCBs in goats exposed to a 10-week long-term intake of contaminated hay collected in the vicinity of a hazardous municipal waste incinerator. The sum of PCDD/Fs and PCBs WHO-I-TEQ was found to be higher than 3 ng kg(-1) of milk fat after the first experimental week. Carry-over rates (CORs) of PCDD/Fs and PCBs could be established at steady state conditions for each compound studied. For PCDD/Fs, 2,3,7,8-TCDD appeared as the compound having the highest COR (38.8%). Within dioxin-like-PCBs the highest COR were found at a similar level (higher than 80%) for PCBs 105, 118 and 157. Concerning indicator-PCBs, COR ranged from 5% (PCB 101) to more than 40% (PCBs 118, 153 and 180). The intensity of this transfer appeared to be a function of physico-chemical properties (chlorination or logK(ow)) of the molecules and their metabolic behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Costera
- URAPA, INRA-INPL-UHP, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|