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Liu J, Hua Z, Liao S, Li B, Tang S, Huang Q, Wei Z, Lu R, Lin C, Ding X. Prediction of the active compounds and mechanism of Biochanin A in the treatment of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38195507 PMCID: PMC10775507 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a special self-limited disease in pediatric orthopedics with a high disability rate and a long-term course, and there is still no clear and effective therapeutic drug in clinic. This study aimed to investigate the potential efficacy of biochanin A, a kind of oxygen-methylated isoflavone compound, in treating Perthes disease based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments. METHODS IL-6 was used to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells to construct endothelial cell dysfunction model. We demonstrated whether biochanin A could alleviate endothelial dysfunction through CCK8 assay, immunofluorescence. Targets of biochanin A from pharmMappeer, SWISS, and TargetNet databases were screened. Targets of endothelial dysfunction were obtained from Genecards and OMIM databases. Protein-protein interaction, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics analyses were used to analyze the potential target and the key pathway of the anti-endothelial dysfunction activity of biochanin A. To validate the potential target-drug interactions, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed and the result was proved by western blot. RESULTS It was found that biochanin A can promote the expression of ZO-1, reduce the expression of ICAM-1, which means improving endothelial dysfunction. A total of 585 targets of biochanin A from pharmMappeer, SWISS, and TargetNet databases were screened. A total of 10,832 targets of endothelial dysfunction were obtained from Genecards and OMIM databases. A total of 527 overlapping targets of endothelial dysfunction and biochanin A were obtained. AKT1, TNF-α, VCAM1, ICAM1, and NOS3 might be the key targets of the anti-endothelial dysfunction activity of biochanin A, and the key pathways might be PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Molecular docking results indicated that the AKT1 and TNF-α had the highest affinity binding with biochanin A. CONCLUSION This study indicates that biochanin A can target AKT1 and TNF-α to alleviate endothelial dysfunction induced by IL-6 in Perthes disease, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of Perthes disease by using biochanin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhirui Hua
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Boxiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengping Tang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhendi Wei
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongbin Lu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengsen Lin
- Trauma Center, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Xiaofei Ding
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Mohi-Ud-Din R, Mir RH, Sawhney G, Dar MA, Bhat ZA. Possible Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Caused by Chemical Agents. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:867-879. [PMID: 31702487 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191105121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury induced by drugs has become a primary reason for acute liver disease and therefore posed a potential regulatory and clinical challenge over the past few decades and has gained much attention. It also remains the most common cause of failure of drugs during clinical trials. In 50% of all acute liver failure cases, drug-induced hepatoxicity is the primary factor and 5% of all hospital admissions. METHODS The various hepatotoxins used to induce hepatotoxicity in experimental animals include paracetamol, CCl4, isoniazid, thioacetamide, erythromycin, diclofenac, alcohol, etc. Among the various models used to induce hepatotoxicity in rats, every hepatotoxin causes toxicity by different mechanisms. RESULTS The drug-induced hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol accounts for 39% of the cases and 13% hepatotoxicity is triggered by other hepatotoxic inducing agents. CONCLUSION Research carried out and the published papers revealed that hepatotoxins such as paracetamol and carbon- tetrachloride are widely used for experimental induction of hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Pharmacognosy Division, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Gifty Sawhney
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mohd Akbar Dar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Pharmacognosy Division, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
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Wu W, Wang T, Sun B, Liu D, Lin Z, Miao Y, Wang C, Geng X, Li B. Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao induced inflammatory stress rat liver injury: Inflammatory and oxidative stress playing important roles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111910. [PMID: 31026554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xian-Ling-Gu-Bao (XLGB) Fufang is an herbal formula that has been used in clinical settings to treat osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, aseptic bone necrosis, and climacteric syndrome. Despite its uses, XLGB treatment has been linked to potential liver injury. To date, there is a lack of clear demonstration of such toxicity in animal models. AIM OF THE STUDY As animal models fail to reproduce the XLGB hepatotoxicity reported in humans, because human hepatocytes are clearly more sensitive to XLGB, this study was designed to investigate a more reliable animal model of such toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We randomized rats into five groups, as follows: CON (control), XLGB, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), L-XLGB/LPS (XLGB, 0.125 g/kg; LPS, 0.1 mg/kg), and XLGB/LPS (XLGB, 1.25 g/kg; LPS, 0.1 mg/kg). These groups were treated with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), XLGB suspension, normal saline, or LPS. The first administration of XLGB [0.125 g/kg or 1.25 g/kg, by mouth (PO)] or its solvent (0.5% CMC-Na) was delivered, and then food was removed. Twelve hours after the first administration of XLGB, rats received LPS [0.1 mg/kg, intravenously (IV)] or saline control. After 30 min, a second administration of XLGB (0.125 g/kg or 1.25 g/kg, PO) or solvent was administered. The rats were anesthetized at 12 h or 24 h following the second administration of XLGB. Liver function was evaluated by measuring liver weight, liver microscopy, serum biochemistry and plasma microRNA-122 (miR-122). The plasma levels of 27 cytokines were measured to evaluate inflammation. Moreover, the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), nicotinic adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at protein levels were observed; immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to confirmed the hepatotoxicity of XLGB. RESULTS Hepatotoxicity in male rats with moderate inflammation induced by XLGB was indicated by liver histopathology, serum biochemical analysis, serum miR-122 levels, and immunofluorescent assessments. We observed significant increases in liver weight and liver indexes in male rats with moderate inflammation in response to XLGB. Histopathological assessment further showed that extensive hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory infiltration were evident in rats co-treated with XLGB/LPS. The levels of serum transaminases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)], total bilirubin (TBIL) and triglyceride (TG), which are markers of liver function, were also significantly increased by XLGB/LPS treatment. Similarly, miR-122 was significantly elevated in XLGB/LPS treated rats relative to other groups. An immunofluorescent assessment showed extensive apoptosis in hepatocytes from these co-treated rats. What is more, XLGB can dose-dependently induce liver injury in male rats with moderate inflammation. Hepatic CYP2E1, neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF-1), iNOS, and NOX-2 (an NADPH oxidase subunit) levels were increased in response to XLGB treatment, and staining for DMPO nitrone adducts further showed elevated oxidative stress level in XLGB/LPS-treated rats relative to the other experimental groups. CONCLUSION LPS and XLGB co-treatment in rats led to marked hepatotoxicity. This toxicity was associated with disrupted lipid metabolism, extensive liver necrosis and inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis, and expression of oxidative stress-related proteins. These results demonstrate a valuable model for the study of iDILI in the context of XLGB treatment, and further provide insights into the potential mechanisms by which XLGB may induce hepatotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Wu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yufa Miao
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xingchao Geng
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Drugs, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; National Institute for Food and Drug Control, 31 Hua Tuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China.
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Chen E, Lu J, Chen D, Zhu D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou N, Wang J, Li J, Li L. Dynamic changes of plasma metabolites in pigs with GalN-induced acute liver failure using GC-MS and UPLC-MS. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:480-489. [PMID: 28668767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics facilitates investigation of the mechanisms of disease and screening for biomarkers. Here, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was employed to identify plasma biomarkers of acute liver failure (ALF) in pigs. Blood was collected from pigs at 12h intervals during ALF. Hepatic injury was quantified by determining liver function and histopathology. Based on a multivariate data matrix and pattern recognition, two upregulated metabolites, namely, amino acids and conjugated bile acids, and two downregulated metabolites, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs), were identified. All of these metabolites showed a strong relationship with the extent of liver injury. Amino acids were biomarkers of the severity of liver impairment, conjugated bile acids were predictive of early stage liver damage, and LPCs and PCs were related to the prognosis of liver injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the occurrence of marked metabolic disturbances during ALF and that integrated metabolomics analysis facilitates identification of biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Cullen JM, Faiola B, Melich DH, Peterson RA, Jordan HL, Kimbrough CL, Miller RT. Acute Alpha-Naphthylisothiocyanate-induced Liver Toxicity in Germfree and Conventional Male Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 44:987-97. [PMID: 27519817 DOI: 10.1177/0192623316662360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the responses of conventional and germfree male Sprague-Dawley rats to acute injury induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), a well-characterized biliary epithelial toxicant, were evaluated. Conventional and germfree rats were dosed once orally with 50 mg/kg of ANIT or corn oil alone and serially sacrificed daily for the next 3 days. Germfree rats treated with ANIT tended to have greater increases in virtually all liver and biliary-related analytes compared with conventional rats treated with ANIT; however, significant differences were found only in a few of these analytes including increased bile acids on day 3, total bilirubin on day 4, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) on day 3, and reduced paraoxonase 1 (PON1) on days 2 and 3. Histologic differences between the conventional and germfree rats were modest, but most pronounced on day 2 (24-hr post dosing). Based on subjective scoring, biliary necrosis, neutrophilic cholangitis, and portal tract edema were more severe in germfree rats at 24 hr post dosing compared with conventional rats. Biliary epithelial replication did not differ between treated groups, however. Overall, germfree rats had a modestly greater level of biliary tract injury based on subjective histologic scoring and clinical chemistry measurements following an acute exposure to the well-characterized biliary toxin, ANIT; however, the difference between the ANIT-treated germfree and conventional groups was modest and most evident only within the first day following exposure. These findings suggest that the microbiome did not significantly affect ANIT-induced acute biliary tract injury in the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Cullen
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brenda Faiola
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David H Melich
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard A Peterson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Holly L Jordan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carie L Kimbrough
- GlaxoSmithKline, Statistical Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard T Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline, Safety Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Serkova NJ, Niemann CU. Pattern recognition and biomarker validation using quantitative1H-NMR-based metabolomics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 6:717-31. [PMID: 17009906 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.6.5.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The collection of global metabolic data and their interpretation (both spectral and biochemical) using modern spectroscopic techniques and appropriate statistical approaches, are known as 'metabolic profiling', 'metabonomics' or 'metabolomics'. This review addresses 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic principles and their application in biomedical science, with special emphasis on their potential in translational research in transplantation, oncology, and drug toxicity or discovery. Various steps in metabolomics analysis are described in order to illustrate the types of biological samples, their respective handling and preparation for 1H-NMR analysis; provide a rationale for using pattern-recognition techniques (spectral database concept) versus quantitative 1H-NMR-based metabolomics (metabolite database concept); and identify necessary technological and logistical future developments that will allow 1H-NMR-based metabolomics to become an established tool in biomedical research and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Serkova
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Biomedical MRI/MRS Cancer Center Core, Department of Anesthesiology, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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Motsinger-Reif AA, Zhu H, Kling MA, Matson W, Sharma S, Fiehn O, Reif DM, Appleby DH, Doraiswamy PM, Trojanowski JQ, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Arnold SE. Comparing metabolomic and pathologic biomarkers alone and in combination for discriminating Alzheimer's disease from normal cognitive aging. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:28. [PMID: 24252434 PMCID: PMC3893491 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A critical and as-yet unmet need in Alzheimer disease (AD) research is the development of novel markers that can identify individuals at risk for cognitive decline due to AD. This would aid intervention trials designed to slow the progression of AD by increasing diagnostic certainty, and provide new pathophysiologic clues and potential drug targets. Results We used two metabolomics platforms (gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry [GC-TOF] and liquid chromatography LC-ECA array [LC-ECA]) to measure a number of metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with AD dementia and from cognitively normal controls. We used stepwise logistic regression models with cross-validation to assess the ability of metabolite markers to discriminate between clinically diagnosed AD participants and cognitively normal controls and we compared these data with traditional CSF Luminex immunoassay amyloid-β and tau biomarkers. Aβ and tau biomarkers had high accuracy to discriminate cases and controls (testing area under the curve: 0.92). The accuracy of GC-TOF metabolites and LC-ECA metabolites by themselves to discriminate clinical AD participants from controls was high (testing area under the curve: 0.70 and 0.96, respectively). Conclusions Our study identified several CSF small-molecule metabolites that discriminated especially well between clinically diagnosed AD and control groups. They appear to be suitable for further confirmatory and validation studies, and show the potential to provide predictive performance for AD.
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Quantitative analysis in magnetic resonance spectroscopy: from metabolic profiling to in vivo biomarkers. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:321-41. [PMID: 22303835 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (called NMR for ex vivo techniques and MRS for in vivo techniques) has become a useful analytical and diagnostic tool in biomedicine. In the past two decades, an MR-based spectroscopic approach for translational and clinical research has emerged that allows for biochemical characterization of the tissue of interest either ex vivo (NMR-based metabolomics) or in vivo (localized MRS-single voxel or multivoxel-spectroscopic imaging). The greatest advantages of MRS techniques are their ability to detect multiple tissue-specific metabolites in a single experiment, their quantitative nature and translational component (in vitro/ex vivo-discovered metabolic biomarkers can be translated into noninvasive spectroscopic imaging protocols). Disadvantages of MRS include low sensitivity and spectral resolution and, in case of NMR-metabolomics, metabolite degradation and incomplete recovery in processed samples. In vivo MRS has worse spectral resolution than ex vivo high-resolution NMR due to the inherently wider lines of metabolites in vivo and the difficulty of using traditional line-narrowing methods (e.g., sample spinning). It also suffers from poor time-resolution, therefore offering fewer metabolic biomarkers to be followed in vivo. In the present review article, we provide considerations for establishing reliable protocols (both in vivo and ex vivo) for metabolite detection, recovery and quantification from in vivo and ex vivo MR spectra.
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Metabonomic study on the cumulative cardiotoxicity of a pirarubicin liposome powder. Talanta 2012; 89:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu XR, Zheng XF, Ji SZ, Lv YH, Zheng DY, Xia ZF, Zhang WD. Metabolomic analysis of thermally injured and/or septic rats. Burns 2010; 36:992-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sha W, da Costa KA, Fischer LM, Milburn MV, Lawton KA, Berger A, Jia W, Zeisel SH. Metabolomic profiling can predict which humans will develop liver dysfunction when deprived of dietary choline. FASEB J 2010; 24:2962-75. [PMID: 20371621 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient, and deficiency causes liver and muscle dysfunction. Common genetic variations alter the risk of developing organ dysfunction when choline deficient, probably by causing metabolic inefficiencies that should be detectable even while ingesting a normal choline-adequate diet. We determined whether metabolomic profiling of plasma at baseline could predict whether humans will develop liver dysfunction when deprived of dietary choline. Fifty-three participants were fed a diet containing 550 mg choline/70 kg/d for 10 d and then fed < 50 mg choline/70 kg/d for up to 42 d. Participants who developed organ dysfunction on this diet were repleted with a choline-adequate diet for > or = 3 d. Plasma samples, obtained at baseline, end of depletion, and end of repletion, were used for targeted and nontargeted metabolomic profiling. Liver fat was assessed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolomic profiling and targeted biochemical analyses were highly correlated for the analytes assessed by both procedures. In addition, we report relative concentration changes of other small molecules detected by the nontargeted metabolomic analysis after choline depletion. Finally, we show that metabolomic profiles of participants when they were consuming a control baseline diet could predict whether they would develop liver dysfunction when deprived of dietary choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Research Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA
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Wang L. Pharmacogenomics: a systems approach. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 2:3-22. [PMID: 20836007 PMCID: PMC3894835 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics involve the study of the role of inheritance in individual variation in drug response, a phenotype that varies from potentially life-threatening adverse drug reactions to equally serious lack of therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics represents a major component of the movement to 'individualized medicine'. Pharmacogenetic studies originally focused on monogenic traits, often involving genetic variation in drug metabolism. However, contemporary studies increasingly involve entire 'pathways' that include both pharmacokinetics (PKs)--factors that influence the concentration of a drug reaching its target(s)--and pharmacodynamics (PDs), factors associated with the drug target(s), as well as genome-wide approaches. The convergence of advances in pharmacogenetics with rapid developments in human genomics has resulted in the evolution of pharmacogenetics into pharmacogenomics. At the same time, studies of drug response are expanding beyond genomics to encompass pharmacotranscriptomics and pharmacometabolomics to become a systems-based discipline. This discipline is also increasingly moving across the 'translational interface' into the clinic and is being incorporated into the drug development process and governmental regulation of that process. The article will provide an overview of the development of pharmacogenetics-pharmacogenomics, the scientific advances that have contributed to the continuing evolution of this discipline, the incorporation of transcriptomic and metabolomic data into attempts to understand and predict variation in drug response phenotypes as well as challenges associated with the 'translation' of this important aspect of biomedical science into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liewei Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Long term metabolic changes induced in idiosyncrasy-like liver toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kaddurah-Daouk R, Kristal BS, Weinshilboum RM. Metabolomics: a global biochemical approach to drug response and disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 48:653-83. [PMID: 18184107 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of metabolism at the global level. This rapidly developing new discipline has important potential implications for pharmacologic science. The concept that metabolic state is representative of the overall physiologic status of the organism lies at the heart of metabolomics. Metabolomic studies capture global biochemical events by assaying thousands of small molecules in cells, tissues, organs, or biological fluids-followed by the application of informatic techniques to define metabolomic signatures. Metabolomic studies can lead to enhanced understanding of disease mechanisms and to new diagnostic markers as well as enhanced understanding of mechanisms for drug or xenobiotic effect and increased ability to predict individual variation in drug response phenotypes (pharmacometabolomics). This review outlines the conceptual basis for metabolomics as well as analytical and informatic techniques used to study the metabolome and to define metabolomic signatures. It also highlights potential metabolomic applications to pharmacology and clinical pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Coen M, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. NMR-based metabolic profiling and metabonomic approaches to problems in molecular toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:9-27. [PMID: 18171018 DOI: 10.1021/tx700335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the main contributions to the development of NMR-based metabonomic and metabolic profiling approaches for toxicological assessment, biomarker discovery, and studies on toxic mechanisms. The metabonomic approach, (defined as the quantitative measurement of the multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification) was originally developed to assist interpretation in NMR-based toxicological studies. However, in recent years there has been extensive fusion with metabolomic and other metabolic profiling approaches developed in plant biology, and there is much wider coverage of the biomedical and environmental fields. Specifically, metabonomics involves the use of spectroscopic techniques with statistical and mathematical tools to elucidate dominant patterns and trends directly correlated with time-related metabolic fluctuations within spectral data sets usually derived from biofluids or tissue samples. Temporal multivariate metabolic signatures can be used to discover biomarkers of toxic effect, as general toxicity screening aids, or to provide novel mechanistic information. This approach is complementary to proteomics and genomics and is applicable to a wide range of problems, including disease diagnosis, evaluation of xenobiotic toxicity, functional genomics, and nutritional studies. The use of biological fluids as a source of whole organism metabolic information enhances the use of this approach in minimally invasive longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Coen
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anesthetics Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Claudino WM, Quattrone A, Biganzoli L, Pestrin M, Bertini I, Di Leo A. Metabolomics: available results, current research projects in breast cancer, and future applications. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:2840-6. [PMID: 17502626 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.09.7550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the newest "omics" science. It is a dynamic portrait of the metabolic status of living systems. Metabolomics has brought new insights on metabolic fluxes and a more comprehensive and holistic understanding of a cell's environment. This burgeoning field promises to be a potential tool to fill the gap between genotype and phenotype. As its preceding "omics" sciences (ie, genomics and proteomics), metabolomics' aim is to dredge information hidden in a sea of data. This technology permits simultaneous monitoring of many hundreds, or thousands, of macro- and small molecules, as well as functional monitoring of multiple pivotal cellular pathways. In addition, elucidation of cellular responses to molecular damage, including evolutionarily conserved inducible molecular defense systems, could be achieved with metabolomics and could lead to the discovery of new biomarkers of molecular responses to functional perturbations. If metabolomic information could be translated into diagnostic tests, it might have the potential to impact on clinical practice, and it might lead to the supplementation of traditional biomarkers of cellular integrity, cell and tissue homeostasis, and morphological alterations that result from cell damage or death. In this review the concept and characteristics of metabolomics are introduced. Main current applications of metabolomics in cancer research are reviewed, including its potential in the drug discovery field, and, last but not least, its potential impact in the field of monitoring response and toxicity to anticancer agents. In the last section, research projects ongoing at our institution and future challenges for metabolomics will be presented and briefly discussed.
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Robertson DG, Reily MD, Baker JD. Metabonomics in pharmaceutical discovery and development. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:526-39. [PMID: 17269709 DOI: 10.1021/pr060535c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabonomics has emerged as a key technology in pharmaceutical discovery and development, evolving as the small molecule counterpart of transcriptomics and proteomics. In drug discovery laboratories, metabonomics aids in target identification, phenotyping, and the understanding of the biochemical basis of disease and toxicity. This review focuses on three areas where metabonomics is used in the industry: (1) analytical considerations, (2) chemometric and statistical concerns, and (3) biological aspects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Robertson
- Metabonomics Evaluation Group, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Liguori MJ, Waring JF. Investigations toward enhanced understanding of hepatic idiosyncratic drug reactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007; 2:835-46. [PMID: 17125404 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2.6.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) of a hepatic origin are a major health concern and a notoriously difficult challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. These types of adverse events are rare, with a typical occurrence of 1 in 100 to 1 in 100,000 patients. Typical adverse outcomes are most likely statistically impossible to predict in traditional preclinical safety studies or clinical trials. Unfortunately, these reactions can pose a significant risk to the public health, resulting in devastating consequences such as irreversible liver injury, liver transplantation and fatality. This review provides many examples of experimental efforts that are underway for a better understanding of molecular events that may be responsible for IDRs. A list of existing hypotheses for IDRs is also provided, each with current literature examples or supporting evidence. The possibilities for developing suitable animal models for the prediction and characterisation of IDRs are elaborated, especially for a drug-inflammation interaction rat model of hepatic IDR. The need for predictive biomarkers of IDR is addressed, with the exploration of some possible candidates. Finally, the use of primary human hepatocyte culture systems is explored as an in vitro system, with application for providing an increased mechanistic knowledge of IDR. Several examples of informative studies on the nature of IDRs that employ toxicogenomic and proteomic technologies are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Liguori
- Abbott Laboratories, Department of Cellular, Molecular, and Exploratory Toxicology, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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Guengerich FP, MacDonald JS. Applying Mechanisms of Chemical Toxicity to Predict Drug Safety. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:344-69. [PMID: 17302443 DOI: 10.1021/tx600260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Toxicology can no longer be used only as a science that reacts to problems but must be more proactive in predicting potential human safety issues with new drug candidates. Success in this area must be based on an understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. This review summarizes and extends some of the concepts of an American Chemical Society ProSpectives meeting on the title subject held in June 2006. One important area is the discernment of the exact nature of the most common problems in drug toxicity. Knowledge of chemical structure alerts and relevant biological pathways are important. Biological activation to reactive products and off-target pharmacology are considered to be major contexts of drug toxicity, although defining exactly what the contributions are is not trivial. Some newer approaches to screening for both have been developed. A goal in predictive toxicology is the use of in vitro methods and database development to make predictions concerning potential modes of toxicity and to stratify drug candidates for further development. Such predictions are desirable for several economic and other reasons but are certainly not routine yet. However, progress has been made using several approaches. Some examples of the application of studies of wide-scale biological responses are now available, with incorporation into development paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA.
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Boelsterli UA, Lim PLK. Mitochondrial abnormalities--a link to idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 220:92-107. [PMID: 17275868 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major clinical problem and poses a considerable challenge for drug development as an increasing number of successfully launched drugs or new potential drugs have been implicated in causing DILI in susceptible patient subsets. Although the incidence for a particular drug is very low (yet grossly underestimated), the outcome of DILI can be serious. Unfortunately, prediction has remained poor (both for patients at risk and for new chemical entities). The underlying mechanisms and the determinants of susceptibility have largely remained ill-defined. The aim of this review is to provide both clinical and experimental evidence for a major role of mitochondria both as a target of drugs causing idiosyncratic DILI and as mediators of delayed liver injury. We develop a unifying hypothesis that involves underlying genetic or acquired mitochondrial abnormalities as a major determinant of susceptibility for a number of drugs that target mitochondria and cause DILI. The mitochondrial hypothesis, implying gradually accumulating and initially silent mitochondrial injury in heteroplasmic cells which reaches a critical threshold and abruptly triggers liver injury, is consistent with the findings that typically idiosyncratic DILI is delayed (by weeks or months), that increasing age and female gender are risk factors and that these drugs are targeted to the liver and clearly exhibit a mitochondrial hazard in vitro and in vivo. New animal models (e.g., the Sod2(+/-) mouse) provide supporting evidence for this concept. However, genetic analyses of DILI patient samples are needed to ultimately provide the proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs A Boelsterli
- Molecular Toxicology Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.
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