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Gene Expression Profiling of Mono- and Co-Culture Models of the Respiratory Tract Exposed to Crystalline Quartz under Submerged and Air-Liquid Interface Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147773. [PMID: 35887123 PMCID: PMC9324045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro lung cell models like air-liquid interface (ALI) and 3D cell cultures have advanced greatly in recent years, being especially valuable for testing advanced materials (e.g., nanomaterials, fibrous substances) when considering inhalative exposure. Within this study, we established submerged and ALI cell culture models utilizing A549 cells as mono-cultures and co-cultures with differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1), as well as mono-cultures of dTHP-1. After ALI and submerged exposures towards α-quartz particles (Min-U-Sil5), with depositions ranging from 15 to 60 µg/cm2, comparison was made with respect to their transcriptional cellular responses employing high-throughput RT-qPCR. A significant dose- and time-dependent induction of genes coding for inflammatory proteins, e.g., IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL22, as well as genes associated with oxidative stress response such as SOD2, was observed, even more pronounced in co-cultures. Changes in the expression of similar genes were more pronounced under submerged conditions when compared to ALI exposure in the case of A549 mono-cultures. Hereby, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome seem to play an important role. Regarding genotoxicity, neither DNA strand breaks in ALI cultivated cells nor a transcriptional response to DNA damage were observed. Altogether, the toxicological responses depended considerably on the cell culture model and exposure scenario, relevant to be considered to improve toxicological risk assessment.
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2
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Seo JE, Davis K, Malhi P, He X, Bryant M, Talpos J, Burks S, Mei N, Guo X. Genotoxicity evaluation using primary hepatocytes isolated from rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Toxicology 2021; 462:152936. [PMID: 34509578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) have played a vital role in fundamental, pre-clinical, and translational studies because of their high physiological and genetic similarity to humans. Here, we report a method to isolate primary hepatocytes from the livers of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) after in situ whole liver perfusion. Isolated primary macaque hepatocytes (PMHs) were treated with various compounds known to have different pathways of genotoxicity/carcinogenicity and the resulting DNA damage was evaluated using the high-throughput CometChip assay. The comet data were quantified using benchmark dose (BMD) modeling and the BMD50 values for treatments of PMHs were compared with those generated from primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) in our previous study (Seo et al. Arch Toxicol 2020, 2207-2224). The results showed that despite varying CYP450 enzyme activities, PMHs had the same sensitivity and specificity as PHHs in detecting four indirect-acting (i.e., requiring metabolic activation) and seven direct-acting genotoxicants/carcinogens, as well as five non-carcinogens that are negative or equivocal for genotoxicity in vivo. The BMD50 estimates and their confidence intervals revealed species differences for DNA damage potency, especially for direct-acting compounds. The present study provides a practical method for maximizing the use of animal tissues by isolating primary hepatocytes from NHPs. Our data support the use of PMHs as a reliable surrogate of PHHs for evaluating the genotoxic hazards of chemical substances for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Seo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Kelly Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Pritpal Malhi
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xiaobo He
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Matthew Bryant
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - John Talpos
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Susan Burks
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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3
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Polyphenols: Major regulators of key components of DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Wang SH, Lin PY, Chiu YC, Huang JS, Kuo YT, Wu JC, Chen CC. Curcumin-Mediated HDAC Inhibition Suppresses the DNA Damage Response and Contributes to Increased DNA Damage Sensitivity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134110. [PMID: 26218133 PMCID: PMC4517890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemo- and radiotherapy cause multiple forms of DNA damage and lead to the death of cancer cells. Inhibitors of the DNA damage response are candidate drugs for use in combination therapies to increase the efficacy of such treatments. In this study, we show that curcumin, a plant polyphenol, sensitizes budding yeast to DNA damage by counteracting the DNA damage response. Following DNA damage, the Mec1-dependent DNA damage checkpoint is inactivated and Rad52 recombinase is degraded by curcumin, which results in deficiencies in double-stand break repair. Additive effects on damage-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of damage-induced autophagy by curcumin were observed. Moreover, rpd3 mutants were found to mimic the curcumin-induced suppression of the DNA damage response. In contrast, hat1 mutants were resistant to DNA damage, and Rad52 degradation was impaired following curcumin treatment. These results indicate that the histone deacetylase inhibitor activity of curcumin is critical to DSB repair and DNA damage sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ya Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Sui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsen Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chine Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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5
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Rajakrishna L, Krishnan Unni S, Subbiah M, Sadagopan S, Nair AR, Chandrappa R, Sambasivam G, Sukumaran SK. Validation of a human cell based high-throughput genotoxicity assay ‘Anthem’s Genotoxicity screen’ using ECVAM recommended lists of genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Qian T, Kun L, Gao B, Zhu R, Wu X, Wang S. Photo-ionization and photo-excitation of curcumin investigated by laser flash photolysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 116:6-12. [PMID: 23896291 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) has putative antitumor properties. In the current study, we examined photophysical and photochemical properties of Cur using laser flash photolysis. The results demonstrated that Cur could be photo-ionized at 355 nm laser pulse to produce radical cation (Cur(+)) and solvated electron e(sol)(-) in 7:3 ethanol-water mixtures. The quantum yield of Cur photo-ionization and the ratio of photo-ionization to photo-excitation were also determined. Cur(+) could be transferred into neutral radical of Cur (Cur) via deprotonation with the pKa 4.13. The excited singlet of Cur ((1)Cur* could be transferred into excited triplet ((3)Cur*, which could be quenched by oxygen to produce singlet oxygen (1)O2*. Reaction of (3)Cur* with tryptophan was confirmed. The results encourage developing curcumin as a photosensitive antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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7
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Lee WH, Loo CY, Bebawy M, Luk F, Mason RS, Rohanizadeh R. Curcumin and its derivatives: their application in neuropharmacology and neuroscience in the 21st century. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:338-78. [PMID: 24381528 PMCID: PMC3744901 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, is widely used in Southeast Asia, China and India in food preparation and for medicinal purposes. Since the second half of the last century, this traditional medicine has attracted the attention of scientists from multiple disciplines to elucidate its pharmacological properties. Of significant interest is curcumin's role to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) and malignancy. These diseases all share an inflammatory basis, involving increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative damage to lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. The therapeutic benefits of curcumin for these neurodegenerative diseases appear multifactorial via regulation of transcription factors, cytokines and enzymes associated with (Nuclear factor kappa beta) NFκB activity. This review describes the historical use of curcumin in medicine, its chemistry, stability and biological activities, including curcumin's anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The review further discusses the pharmacology of curcumin and provides new perspectives on its therapeutic potential and limitations. Especially, the review focuses in detail on the effectiveness of curcumin and its mechanism of actions in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hin Lee
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ching-Yee Loo
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Frederick Luk
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ramin Rohanizadeh
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Reduction of misleading (“false”) positive results in mammalian cell genotoxicity assays. II. Importance of accurate toxicity measurement. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 747:104-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Reduction of misleading (“false”) positive results in mammalian cell genotoxicity assays. I. Choice of cell type. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 742:11-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Rivera-Gil P, Clift MJD, Rutishauser BR, Parak WJ. Methods for understanding the interaction between nanoparticles and cells. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 926:33-56. [PMID: 22975955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A critical view of the current toxicological methods used in nanotechnology and their related techniques. Hereby, toxicological effects derived from the intracellular accumulation and uptake will be examined. Then advantages/disadvantages of these methods will be discussed. Additional analytical techniques necessary to implement the results will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivera-Gil
- Fachbereich Physik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Zhang D, Huang C, Yang C, Liu RJ, Wang J, Niu J, Brömme D. Antifibrotic effects of curcumin are associated with overexpression of cathepsins K and L in bleomycin treated mice and human fibroblasts. Respir Res 2011; 12:154. [PMID: 22126332 PMCID: PMC3260240 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung fibrosis is characterized by fibroblast proliferation and the deposition of collagens. Curcumin, a polyphenol antioxidant from the spice tumeric, has been shown to effectively counteract fibroblast proliferation and reducing inflammation and fibrotic progression in animal models of bleomycin-induced lung injury. However, there is little mechanistic insight in the biological activity of curcumin. Here, we study the effects of curcumin on the expression and activity of cathepsins which have been implicated in the development of fibrotic lung diseases. Methods We investigated the effects of curcumin administration to bleomycin stimulated C57BL/6 mice and human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) on the expression of cathepsins K and L which have been implicated in matrix degradation, TGF-β1 modulation, and apoptosis. Lung tissues were evaluated for their contents of cathepsins K and L, collagen, and TGF-β1. HFL-1 cells were used to investigate the effects of curcumin and cathepsin inhibition on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and the expression of cathepsins K and L and TGF-β1. Results Collagen deposition in lungs was decreased by 17-28% after curcumin treatment which was accompanied by increased expression levels of cathepsins L (25%-39%) and K (41%-76%) and a 30% decrease in TGF-β1 expression. Moreover, Tunel staining of lung tissue revealed a 33-41% increase in apoptotic cells after curcumin treatment. These in vivo data correlated well with data obtained from the human fibroblast line, HFL-1. Here, cathepsin K and L expression increased 190% and 240%, respectively, in the presence of curcumin and the expression of TGF-β1 decreased by 34%. Furthermore, curcumin significantly decreased cell proliferation and migration and increased the expression of surrogate markers of apoptosis. In contrast, these curcumin effects were partly reversed by a potent cathepsin inhibitor. Conclusion This study demonstrates that curcumin increases the expression of cathepsins K and L in lung which an effect on lung fibroblast cell behavior such as proliferation, migration and apoptosis rates and on the expression of TGF-β1 in mouse lung and HFL-1 cells. These results suggest that cathepsin-inducing drugs such as curcumin may be beneficial in the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Biological Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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12
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Scherbart AM, Langer J, Bushmelev A, van Berlo D, Haberzettl P, van Schooten FJ, Schmidt AM, Rose CR, Schins RPF, Albrecht C. Contrasting macrophage activation by fine and ultrafine titanium dioxide particles is associated with different uptake mechanisms. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:31. [PMID: 21995556 PMCID: PMC3214143 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of (nano)particles may lead to pulmonary inflammation. However, the precise mechanisms of particle uptake and generation of inflammatory mediators by alveolar macrophages (AM) are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between particles and AM and their associated pro-inflammatory effects in relation to particle size and physico-chemical properties. NR8383 rat lung AM were treated with ultrafine (uf), fine (f) TiO2 or fine crystalline silica (DQ12 quartz). Physico-chemical particle properties were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetry. Aggregation and agglomeration tendency of the particles were determined in assay-specific suspensions by means of dynamic light scattering. All three particle types were rapidly taken up by AM. DQ12 and ufTiO2 , but not fTiO2 , caused increased extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA expression and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α release. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression was increased most strongly by ufTiO2 , while DQ12 exclusively triggered interleukin (IL) 1β release. However, oscillations of intracellular calcium concentration and increased intracellular ROS were observed with all three samples. Uptake inhibition experiments with cytochalasin D, chlorpromazine and a Fcγ receptor II (FcγRII) antibody revealed that the endocytosis of fTiO2 by the macrophages involves actin-dependent phagocytosis and macropinocytosis as well as clathrin-coated pit formation, whereas the uptake of ufTiO2 was dominated by FcγIIR. The uptake of DQ12 was found to be significantly reduced by all three inhibitors. Our findings suggest that the contrasting AM responses to fTiO2 , ufTiO2 and DQ12 relate to differences in the involvement of specific uptake mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes M Scherbart
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Borm PJA, Tran L, Donaldson K. The carcinogenic action of crystalline silica: A review of the evidence supporting secondary inflammation-driven genotoxicity as a principal mechanism. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 41:756-70. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2011.576008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Spasojević I. Free radicals and antioxidants at a glance using EPR spectroscopy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2011; 48:114-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2011.591772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tomaru M, Matsuoka M. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in crystalline silica-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in A549 human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:513-9. [PMID: 21470077 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.568982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in crystalline silica-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an important mediator of airway inflammation, in A549 human lung epithelial cells. The levels of COX-2 mRNA increased after a 30-min exposure, and COX-2 protein increased after a 2-h exposure to crystalline silica. Both remained elevated at 8 h; however, no change was observed in the expression of the constitutive COX-1 isoform. The level of prostaglandin E(2), a major product of COX enzymes, increased in response to crystalline silica exposure. Phosphorylated forms of MAPKs including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, and p38 were also increased after crystalline silica exposure. COX-2 expression was markedly suppressed by treatment with the p38 inhibitor, SB203580, and mildly suppressed by the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor, U0126. Treatment with the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor, BAY11-7082, markedly suppressed silica-induced COX-2 expression. These results show that crystalline silica exposure induces COX-2 expression in A549 cells in a manner that is dependent on the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Although a marked induction of MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 expression was observed in A549 cells exposed to crystalline silica, the silencing of MKP-1 expression using short interference RNA did not affect silica-induced COX-2 expression, suggesting that the down-regulation of COX-2 expression by MKP-1 is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tomaru
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Jeong SI, Lee YE, Jang SI. (2S)-2′-methoxykurarinone from Sophora flavescens suppresses cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine/CCL27 expression induced by interleukin-ß/tumor necrosis factor-α via heme oxygenase-1 in human keratinocytes. J Med Food 2011; 13:1116-24. [PMID: 20883179 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the CC chemokines, cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK/CCL27), is a skin-specific CC chemokine that is produced constitutively by keratinocytes and is highly up-regulated in inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. (2S)-2′-Methoxykurarinone (MOK) from Sophora flavescens has been demonstrated to have antioxidant effects. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 has recently emerged as an important cytoprotective enzyme against oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in many cell types. This study aimed to define whether and how MOK regulates skin specific CTACK/CCL27 chemokine production in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The level of CTACK/CCL27 and HO-1 expression was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and signaling was evaluated by western blot analysis. CTACK/CCL27 production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pretreatment with MOK suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and interleukin (IL)-1ß-induced CTACK/CCL27 production in human HaCaT keratinocytes. MOK inhibited TNF-α- and IL-1ß-induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. Interestingly, pretreatment with MOK significantly suppressed TNF-α- and IL-1ß-induced CTACK/CCL27 production through the induction of HO-1. This suppression was completely abolished by HO-1 small interfering RNA. Furthermore, carbon monoxide, but not other end products of HO-1 activity, also suppressed TNF-α- and IL-1ß-induced CTACK/CCL27 production. These results demonstrate that MOK attenuates TNF-α- and IL-1ß-induced production of CTACK/CCL27 in human HaCaT keratinocytes by inhibiting NF-κB activation and induction of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Il Jeong
- Jeonju Biomaterials Institute, College of Alternative Medicine, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Ghiazza M, Scherbart AM, Fenoglio I, Grendene F, Turci F, Martra G, Albrecht C, Schins RPF, Fubini B. Surface Iron Inhibits Quartz-Induced Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Responses in Alveolar Macrophages. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 24:99-110. [DOI: 10.1021/tx1003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ghiazza
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnes M. Scherbart
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francesca Grendene
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Francesco Turci
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gianmario Martra
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P. F. Schins
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bice Fubini
- Dip. di Chimica IFM, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, and NIS Interdepartmental Center. University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Particle Research Group, Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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van Berlo D, Wessels A, Boots AW, Wilhelmi V, Scherbart AM, Gerloff K, van Schooten FJ, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Neutrophil-derived ROS contribute to oxidative DNA damage induction by quartz particles. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1685-93. [PMID: 20828610 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenicity of respirable quartz is considered to be driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in association with chronic inflammation. The contribution of phagocyte-derived ROS to inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage responses was investigated in the lungs of C57BL/6J wild-type and p47(phox-/-) mice, 24h after pharyngeal aspiration of DQ12 quartz (100 mg/kg bw). Bone-marrow-derived neutrophils from wild-type and p47(phox-/-) mice were used for parallel in vitro investigations in coculture with A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. Quartz induced a marked neutrophil influx in both wild-type and p47(phox-/-) mouse lungs. Significant increases in mRNA expression of the oxidative stress markers HO-1 and γ-GCS were observed only in quartz-treated wild-type animals. Oxidative DNA damage in lung tissue was not affected by quartz exposure and did not differ between p47(phox-/-) and WT mice. Differences in mRNA expression of the DNA repair genes OGG1, APE-1, DNA Polβ, and XRCC1 were also absent. Quartz treatment of cocultures containing wild-type neutrophils, but not p47(phox-/-) neutrophils, caused increased oxidative DNA damage in epithelial cells. Our study demonstrates that neutrophil-derived ROS significantly contribute to pulmonary oxidative stress responses after acute quartz exposure, yet their role in the associated induction of oxidative DNA damage could be shown only in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien van Berlo
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sulforaphane suppresses TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 expression through heme oxygenase-1 and NF-κB in human keratinocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1867-76. [PMID: 21116791 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-1120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate, SFN) from broccoli has been used a chemopreventive photochemical as detoxification of xenobiotics and anti-inflammatory, however, there is no studies for Th2 chemokine expression through heme oxygenase-1 and NF-κB in keratinocytes. Atopic dermatitis is a chronically relapsing pruritic inflammatory skin disease. SFN is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. This study aimed to define whether and how SFN regulates Th2-related chemokine production in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The level of chemokine expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and signaling study was performed by Western blot analysis. Chemokine production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pretreatment with SFN suppressed interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α- induced thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) production in HaCaT keratinocytes. SFN inhibited IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation as well as STAT1 activation. Interestingly, pretreatment with SFN result in significantly suppressed IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production through the induction of HO-1. This suppression was completely abolished by HO-1 siRNA. Furthermore, Carbon monoxide, but not other end products of HO-1 activity, also suppressed IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production. These results demonstrate that SFN has an inhibitory role in IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced production of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 in human HaCaT cells by inhibition of NF-κB activation and induction of HO-1.
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van Berlo D, Knaapen AM, van Schooten FJ, Schins RPF, Albrecht C. NF-kappaB dependent and independent mechanisms of quartz-induced proinflammatory activation of lung epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:13. [PMID: 20492675 PMCID: PMC2885999 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the initiation and progression of pulmonary inflammation, macrophages have classically been considered as a crucial cell type. However, evidence for the role of epithelial type II cells in pulmonary inflammation has been accumulating. In the current study, a combined in vivo and in vitro approach has been employed to investigate the mechanisms of quartz-induced proinflammatory activation of lung epithelial cells. In vivo, enhanced expression of the inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes HO-1 and iNOS was found on the mRNA level in rat lungs after instillation with DQ12 respirable quartz. Activation of the classical NF-kappaB pathway in macrophages and type II pneumocytes was indicated by enhanced immunostaining of phospho-IkappaBalpha in these specific lung cell types. In vitro, the direct, particle-mediated effect on proinflammatory signalling in a rat lung epithelial (RLE) cell line was compared to the indirect, macrophage product-mediated effect. Treatment with quartz particles induced HO-1 and COX-2 mRNA expression in RLE cells in an NF-kappaB independent manner. Supernatant from quartz-treated macrophages rapidly activated the NF-kappaB signalling pathway in RLE cells and markedly induced iNOS mRNA expression up to 2000-fold compared to non-treated control cells. Neutralisation of TNFalpha and IL-1beta in macrophage supernatant did not reduce its ability to elicit NF-kappaB activation of RLE cells. In addition the effect was not modified by depletion or supplementation of intracellular glutathione. The results from the current work suggest that although both oxidative stress and NF-kappaB are likely involved in the inflammatory effects of toxic respirable particles, these phenomena can operate independently on the cellular level. This might have consequences for in vitro particle hazard testing, since by focusing on NF-kappaB signalling one might neglect alternative inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien van Berlo
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Germany
| | - Ad M Knaapen
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Disposition, Schering-Plough, the Netherlands
| | | | - Roel PF Schins
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Germany
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Germany
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Wessels A, Birmili W, Albrecht C, Hellack B, Jermann E, Wick G, Harrison RM, Schins RPF. Oxidant generation and toxicity of size-fractionated ambient particles in human lung epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:3539-45. [PMID: 20355702 DOI: 10.1021/es9036226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. In this study, we used size fractionated PM samples (3-7, 1.5-3, 0.95-1.5, 0.5-0.95, and <0.5 microm), collected at four contrasting locations (three urban sites, one remote background) in the UK with a Sierra-Andersen high volume cascade impactor. The H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidant generating capacity of the samples was determined by electron spin resonance with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin trapping. In A549 human lung epithelial cells, we determined the cytotoxicity of samples by LDH assay, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) release as an indicator of their inflammatory potency. Oxidative DNA damage was measured by the formamido-pyrimidine-glycosylase (fpg)-modified comet assay. Marked contrasts were observed for all endpoints. Remote background PM showed the lowest oxidant potential, was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic and did not increase IL-8 release. For the other samples, effects were found to depend more on sampling location than on size fraction. PM collected at high-traffic locations generally showed the strongest oxidant capacity and toxicity. Significant correlations were observed between the oxidant generating potential and all toxicological endpoints investigated, which demonstrates that measurement of the oxidant generating potential by ESR represents a sensitive method to estimate the toxic potential of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wessels
- Institut fur umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich Heine Universitat Dusseldorf gGmbH, Germany
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22
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Birrell L, Cahill P, Hughes C, Tate M, Walmsley RM. GADD45a-GFP GreenScreen HC assay results for the ECVAM recommended lists of genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemicals for assessment of new genotoxicity tests. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 695:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Herseth JI, Refsnes M, Låg M, Schwarze PE. Role of IL-1β and COX2 in silica-induced IL-6 release and loss of pneumocytes in co-cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1342-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Stone V, Johnston H, Schins RPF. Development ofin vitrosystems for nanotoxicology: methodological considerations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2009; 39:613-26. [DOI: 10.1080/10408440903120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li H, Swiercz R, Englander EW. Elevated metals compromise repair of oxidative DNA damage via the base excision repair pathway: implications of pathologic iron overload in the brain on integrity of neuronal DNA. J Neurochem 2009; 110:1774-83. [PMID: 19619136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific iron content is tightly regulated to simultaneously satisfy specialized metabolic needs and avoid cytotoxicity. In the brain, disruption of iron homeostasis may occur in acute as well as progressive injuries associated with neuronal dysfunction and death. We hypothesized that adverse effects of disrupted metal homeostasis on brain function may involve impairment of DNA repair processes. Because in the brain, the base excision repair (BER) pathway is central for handling oxidatively damaged DNA, we investigated effects of elevated iron and zinc on key BER enzymes. In vitro DNA repair assays revealed inhibitory effects of metals on BER activities, including the incision of abasic sites, 5'-flap cleavage, gap filling DNA synthesis and ligation. Using the comet assay, we showed that while metals at concentrations which inhibit BER activities in in vitro assays, did not induce direct genomic damage in cultured primary neurons, they significantly delayed repair of genomic DNA damage induced by sublethal exposure to H(2)O(2). Thus, in the brain even a mild transient metal overload, may adversely affect the DNA repair capacity and thereby compromise genomic integrity and initiate long-term deleterious sequelae including neuronal dysfunction and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1220, USA
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Kunwar A, Sandur SK, Krishna M, Priyadarsini KI. Curcumin mediates time and concentration dependent regulation of redox homeostasis leading to cytotoxicity in macrophage cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 611:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Azqueta A, Shaposhnikov S, Collins AR. DNA oxidation: investigating its key role in environmental mutagenesis with the comet assay. Mutat Res 2008; 674:101-8. [PMID: 19041417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA oxidation, which can have potentially serious mutagenic consequences, commonly accompanies exposure to environmental mutagens. Oxidised bases can be measured chromatographically, but spurious oxidation during sample preparation leads to serious over-estimation of low levels of damage. A more reliable approach is to employ endonucleases specific for oxidised bases, to introduce breaks in cellular DNA that are then most commonly measured using the comet assay (alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis). The two enzymes in general use are formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, which detects primarily 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), and endonuclease III which recognises oxidised pyrimidines. We give a brief account of the recommended experimental procedures, and then describe applications in various areas of environmental research. Cultured cell lines or white blood cells have been exposed to a range of environmental mutagens, including natural products, industrial chemicals, radiation and nanoparticles. In vivo exposure of animals and humans to pollutants is more challenging but can give particularly valuable information in relation to real life exposure. Possibly the most useful application is in biomonitoring of human population groups suffering actual exposure to environmental or occupational mutagens. Finally, the potential use of this technique to monitor effects of contaminants in the natural environment has yet to be fully exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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