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Tai SB, Huang CY, Chung CL, Sung PJ, Wen ZH, Chen CL. Prodigiosin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling by Interfering Receptor Recycling and Subcellular Translocation in Epithelial Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:286-300. [PMID: 38278554 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG) is a naturally occurring polypyrrole red pigment produced by numerous microorganisms including some Serratia and Streptomyces strains. PG has exhibited promising anticancer activity; however, the molecular mechanisms of action of PG on malignant cells remain ambiguous. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that governs a wide array of cellular processes in development and tissue homeostasis. Malfunctions of TGF-β signaling are associated with numerous human cancers. Emerging evidence underscores the significance of internalized TGF-β receptors and their intracellular trafficking in initiating signaling cascades. In this study, we identified PG as a potent inhibitor of the TGF-β pathway. PG blocked TGF-β signaling by targeting multiple sites of this pathway, including facilitating the sequestering of TGF-β receptors in the cytoplasm by impeding the recycling of type II TGF-β receptors to the cell surface. Additionally, PG prompts a reduction in the abundance of receptors on the cell surface through the disruption of the receptor glycosylation. In human Caucasian lung carcinoma cells and human hepatocellular cancer cell line cells, nanomolar concentrations of PG substantially diminish TGF-β-triggered phosphorylation of Smad2 protein. This attenuation is further reflected in the suppression of downstream target gene expression, including those encoding fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and N-cadherin. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Prodigiosin (PG) emerges from this study as a potent TGF-β pathway inhibitor, disrupting receptor trafficking and glycosylation and reducing TGF-β signaling and downstream gene expression. These findings not only shed light on PG's potential therapeutic role but also present a captivating avenue towards future anti-TGF-β strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ban Tai
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yin Huang
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chung
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2
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Saleh N, Mahmoud HE, Eltaher H, Helmy M, El-Khordagui L, Hussein AA. Prodigiosin-Functionalized Probiotic Ghosts as a Bioinspired Combination Against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1271-1286. [PMID: 36030493 PMCID: PMC10491537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus ghosts (LAGs) with the unique safety of a probiotic, inherent tropism for colon cells, and multiple bioactivities offer promise as drug carriers for colon targeting. Our objective was to evaluate LAGs functionalized with prodigiosin (PG), apoptotic secondary bacterial metabolite, as a bioinspired formulation against colorectal cancer (CRC). LAGs were prepared by a chemical method and highly purified by density gradient centrifugation. LAGs were characterized by microscopic and staining techniques as relatively small-sized uniform vesicles (≈1.6 µm), nearly devoid of cytoplasmic and genetic materials and having a negatively charged intact envelope. PG was highly bound to LAGs envelope, generating a physiologically stable bioactive entity (PG-LAGs), as verified by multiple microscopic techniques and lack of PG release under physiological conditions. PG-LAGs were active against HCT116 CRC cells at both the cellular and molecular levels. Cell viability data highlighted the cytotoxicity of PG and LAGs and LAGs-induced enhancement of PG selectivity for HCT116 cells, anticipating dose reduction for PG and LAGs. Molecularly, expression of the apoptotic caspase 3 and P53 biomarkers in HCT116 intracellular proteins was significantly upregulated while that of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) was downregulated by PG-LAGs relative to PG and 5-fluorouracil. PG-LAGs provide a novel bacteria-based combination for anticancer biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrin Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Eltaher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies Division, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maged Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Labiba El-Khordagui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Anwar MM, Albanese C, Hamdy NM, Sultan AS. Rise of the natural red pigment 'prodigiosin' as an immunomodulator in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:419. [PMID: 36577970 PMCID: PMC9798661 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with multifaceted drug resistance mechanisms (e.g., tumour microenvironment [TME], tumour heterogeneity, and immune evasion). Natural products are interesting repository of bioactive molecules, especially those with anticancer activities. Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Serratia marcescens, possesses inherent anticancer characteristics, showing interesting antitumour activities in different cancers (e.g., breast, gastric) with low or without harmful effects on normal cells. The present review discusses the potential role of prodigiosin in modulating and reprogramming the metabolism of the various immune cells in the TME, such as T and B lymphocytes, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), natural killer (NK) cells, and tumour-associated dendritic cells (TADCs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) which in turn might introduce as an immunomodulator in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Moustapha Anwar
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Chris Albanese
- grid.516085.f0000 0004 0606 3221Oncology and Radiology Departments, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abstract
Survivin is one of the rare proteins that is differentially expressed in normal and cancer cells and is directly or indirectly involved in numerous pathways required for tumor maintenance. It is expressed in almost all cancers and its expression has been detected at early stages of cancer. These traits make survivin an exceptionally attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Even with these promising features to be an oncotherapeutic target, there has been limited success in the clinical trials targeting survivin. Only recently it has emerged that survivin was not being specifically targeted which could have resulted in the negative clinical outcome. Also, focus of research has now shifted from survivin expression in the overall heterogeneous tumor cell populations to survivin expression in cancer stem cells as these cells have proved to be the major drivers of tumors. Therefore, in this review we have analyzed the expression of survivin in normal and cancer cells with a particular focus on its expression in cancer stem cell compartment. We have discussed the major signaling pathways involved in regulation of survivin. We have explored the current development status of various types of interventions for inhibition of survivin. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges involving the development of potent and specific survivin inhibitors for cancer therapeutics. Finally we have given insights for some of the promising future anticancer treatments.
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Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Nayak SC, Jadimurthy R, Wang L, Sethi G, Garg M, Rangappa KS. Bacteria as a treasure house of secondary metabolites with anticancer potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:998-1013. [PMID: 33979675 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stands in the frontline among leading killers worldwide and the annual mortality rate is expected to reach 16.4 million by 2040. Humans suffer from about 200 different types of cancers and many of them have a small number of approved therapeutic agents. Moreover, several types of major cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages as a result of which the existing therapies have limited efficacy against them and contribute to a dismal prognosis. Therefore, it is essential to develop novel potent anticancer agents to counteract cancer-driven lethality. Natural sources such as bacteria, plants, fungi, and marine microorganisms have been serving as an inexhaustible source of anticancer agents. Notably, over 13,000 natural compounds endowed with different pharmacological properties have been isolated from different bacterial sources. In the present article, we have discussed about the importance of natural products, with special emphasis on bacterial metabolites for cancer therapy. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the various sources, mechanisms of action, toxicity issues, and off-target effects of clinically used anticancer drugs (such as actinomycin D, bleomycin, carfilzomib, doxorubicin, ixabepilone, mitomycin C, pentostatin, rapalogs, and romidepsin) that have been derived from different bacteria. Furthermore, we have also discussed some of the major secondary metabolites (antimycins, chartreusin, elsamicins, geldanamycin, monensin, plicamycin, prodigiosin, rebeccamycin, salinomycin, and salinosporamide) that are currently in the clinical trials or which have demonstrated potent anticancer activity in preclinical models. Besides, we have elaborated on the application of metagenomics in drug discovery and briefly described about anticancer agents (bryostatin 1 and ET-743) identified through the metagenomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, 571448, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - S Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
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Ambrose AJ, Pham NT, Sivinski J, Guimarães L, Mollasalehi N, Jimenez P, Abad MA, Jeyaprakash AA, Shave S, Costa-Lotufo LV, La Clair JJ, Auer M, Chapman E. A two-step resin based approach to reveal survivin-selective fluorescent probes. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:181-186. [PMID: 34458780 PMCID: PMC8342005 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of modulators for proteins without assayable biochemical activity remains a challenge in chemical biology. The presented approach adapts a high-throughput fluorescence binding assay and functional chromatography, two protein-resin technologies, enabling the discovery and isolation of fluorescent natural product probes that target proteins independently of biochemical function. The resulting probes also suggest targetable pockets for lead discovery. Using human survivin as a model, we demonstrate this method with the discovery of members of the prodiginine family as fluorescent probes to the cancer target survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Nhan T Pham
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh The King's Buildings CH Waddington Building 3.07 Max Born Crescent Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | - Jared Sivinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Larissa Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Niloufar Mollasalehi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Paula Jimenez
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo Santos SP 11.070-100 Brazil
| | - Maria A Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | | | - Steven Shave
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh The King's Buildings CH Waddington Building 3.07 Max Born Crescent Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | | | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute P. O. Box 3052 San Diego CA 92163-1052 USA
| | - Manfred Auer
- School of Biological Sciences and Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh The King's Buildings CH Waddington Building 3.07 Max Born Crescent Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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Niakani M, Majd A, Pakzad P, Malekinejad H. Prodigiosin induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 16:26-34. [PMID: 33953772 PMCID: PMC8074807 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.305186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a myeloproliferative disease is characterized by increased cellularity of bone marrow. Implementing the latest treatment protocols is currently accompanied by serious and life-threatening side effects. There are worldwide attempts to find new effective and potent therapeutic agents with minimal side effects on CML patients. This in vitro study was carried out to discover the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of naturally produced prodigiosin (PDG) on K562 cells as an accepted model of CML. Experimental approach: The anti-proliferative effect of PDG was measured by MTT assay. To highlight the mechanism of cytotoxicity, the apoptotic cell death pathway was investigated by morphological and biochemical assessments. The dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining technique and western blotting method were applied to assess the mechanism of the potential apoptotic impact of PDG on K562 cells. Findings/Results: PDG-induced time- and concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects were revealed with an estimated IC50 value of 54.06 μM. The highest cell viability reduction (60%) was recorded in cells, which were exposed to 100 μM concentration. Further assays demonstrated that in the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method the cell population in the late apoptosis phase was increased in a concentration-dependent manner, which was confirmed with remarkable DNA fragmentation. Conclusion and implications: We found that the PDG-induced apoptosis in K562 cells is mediated through the caspase-3 activation both in mRNA and protein levels. Our results suggest that PDG could be a potent compound for further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies in the in vivo model of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Niakani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Parviz Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran.,Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
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8
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Branco PC, Pontes CA, Rezende-Teixeira P, Amengual-Rigo P, Alves-Fernandes DK, Maria-Engler SS, da Silva AB, Pessoa ODL, Jimenez PC, Mollasalehi N, Chapman E, Guallar V, Machado-Neto JA, Costa-Lotufo LV. Survivin modulation in the antimelanoma activity of prodiginines. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173465. [PMID: 32814079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with an elevated incidence of metastasis and chemoresistance. Such features hamper treatment success of these neoplasms, demanding the search for new therapeutic options. Using a two-step resin-based approach, we recently demonstrated that cytotoxic prodiginines bind to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein, survivin. Herein, we explore the role of survivin in melanoma and whether its modulation is related to the antimelanoma properties of three cytotoxic prodiginines (prodigiosin, cyclononylprodigiosin, and nonylprodigiosin) isolated from marine bacteria. In melanoma patients and cell lines, survivin is overexpressed, and higher levels negatively impact survival. All three prodiginines caused a decrease in cell growth with reduced cytotoxicity after 24 h compared to 72 h treatment, suggesting that low concentrations promote cytostatic effects in SK-Mel-19 (BRAF mutant) and SK-Mel-28 (BRAF mutant), but not in SK-Mel-147 (NRAS mutant). An increase in G1 population was observed after 24 h treatment with prodigiosin and cyclononylprodigiosin in SK-Mel-19. Further studies indicate that prodigiosin induced apoptosis and DNA damage, as detected by increased caspase-3 cleavage and histone H2AX phosphorylation, further arguing for the downregulation of survivin. Computer simulations suggest that prodigiosin and cyclononylprodigiosin bind to the BIR domain of survivin. Moreover, knockdown of survivin increased long-term toxicity of prodigiosin, as observed by reduced clonogenic capacity, but did not alter short-term cytotoxicity. In summary, prodiginine treatment provoked cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage, downregulation of survivin, and decreased clonogenic capacity in survivin knockdown cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C Branco
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristine A Pontes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rezende-Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pep Amengual-Rigo
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Débora K Alves-Fernandes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alison B da Silva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, 60021, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Otília Deusdênia L Pessoa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, 60021, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Paula C Jimenez
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, 11.070-100, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Niloufar Mollasalehi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 85721-0207, Tucson, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 85721-0207, Tucson, USA
| | - Victor Guallar
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João A Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Fan HC, Hsieh YC, Li LH, Chang CC, Janoušková K, Ramani MV, Subbaraju GV, Cheng KT, Chang CC. Dehydroxyhispolon Methyl Ether, A Hispolon Derivative, Inhibits WNT/β-Catenin Signaling to Elicit Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228839. [PMID: 33266494 PMCID: PMC7700694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Aberrant activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling present in the vast majority of CRC cases is indispensable for CRC initiation and progression, and thus is a promising target for CRC therapeutics. Hispolon is a fungal-derived polyphenol with a pronounced anticancer effect. Several hispolon derivatives, including dehydroxyhispolon methyl ether (DHME), have been chemically synthesized for developing lead molecules with stronger anticancer activity. Herein, a DHME-elicited anti-CRC effect with the underlying mechanism is reported for the first time. Specifically, DHME was found to be more cytotoxic than hispolon against a panel of human CRC cell lines, while exerting limited toxicity to normal human colon cell line CCD 841 CoN. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect of DHME appeared to rely on inducing apoptosis. This notion was evidenced by DHME-elicited upregulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and a cell population positively stained by annexin V, alongside the downregulation of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), whereas the blockade of apoptosis by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk attenuated DHME-induced cytotoxicity. Further mechanistic inquiry revealed the inhibitory action of DHME on β-catenin-mediated, T-cell factor (TCF)-dependent transcription activity, suggesting that DHME thwarted the aberrantly active WNT/β-catenin signaling in CRC cells. Notably, ectopic expression of a dominant–active β-catenin mutant (∆N90-β-catenin) abolished DHME-induced apoptosis while also restoring BCL-2 expression. Collectively, we identified DHME as a selective proapoptotic agent against CRC cells, exerting more potent cytotoxicity than hispolon, and provoking CRC cell apoptosis via suppression of the WNT/β-catenin signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 43503, Taiwan;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (L.-H.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Li-Hsuan Li
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (L.-H.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Ching-Chin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Karolína Janoušková
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (K.J.)
- University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Modukuri V. Ramani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India; (M.V.R.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Gottumukkala V. Subbaraju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India; (M.V.R.); (G.V.S.)
| | - Kur-Ta Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or (C.-C.C.); (K.-T.C.)
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (L.-H.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (K.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or (C.-C.C.); (K.-T.C.)
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10
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Doxorubicin metabolism moderately attributes to putative toxicity in prodigiosin/doxorubicin synergism in vitro cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:119-126. [PMID: 32754875 PMCID: PMC7599147 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a widely neoplasm chemotherapeutic drug with high incidences of cardiotoxicity. Prodigiosin (PG), a red bacterial pigment from Serratia marcescens, has been demonstrated to potentiate Dox’s cytotoxicity against oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through elevating Dox influx and identified as a Dox enhancer via PG-induced autophagy; however, toxicity of normal cell remains unclear. This study is conducted to evaluate putative cytotoxicity features of PG/Dox synergism in the liver, kidney, and heart cells and further elucidate whether PG augmented Dox’s effect via modulating Dox metabolism in normal cells. Murine hepatocytes FL83B, cardio-myoblast h9c2, and human kidney epithelial cells HK-2 were sequentially treated with PG and Dox by measuring cell viability, cell death characteristics, oxidative stress, Dox flux, and Dox metabolism. PG could slightly significant increase Dox cytotoxicity in all tested normal cells whose toxic alteration was less than that of oral squamous carcinoma cells. The augmentation of Dox cytotoxicity might be attributed to the increase of Dox-mediated ROS accumulation that might cause slight reduction of Dox influx and reduction of Dox metabolism. It was noteworthy to notice that sustained cytotoxicity appeared in normal cells after PG and Dox were removed. Taken together, moderately metabolic reduction of Dox might be ascribed to the mechanism of increase Dox cytotoxicity in PG-induced normal cells; nevertheless, the determination of PG/Dox dose with sustained cytotoxicity in normal cells needs to be comprehensively considered.
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11
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Sajjad W, Din G, Rafiq M, Iqbal A, Khan S, Zada S, Ali B, Kang S. Pigment production by cold-adapted bacteria and fungi: colorful tale of cryosphere with wide range applications. Extremophiles 2020; 24:447-473. [PMID: 32488508 PMCID: PMC7266124 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pigments are an essential part of everyday life on Earth with rapidly growing industrial and biomedical applications. Synthetic pigments account for a major portion of these pigments that in turn have deleterious effects on public health and environment. Such drawbacks of synthetic pigments have shifted the trend to use natural pigments that are considered as the best alternative to synthetic pigments due to their significant properties. Natural pigments from microorganisms are of great interest due to their broader applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and textile industry with increasing demand among the consumers opting for natural pigments. To fulfill the market demand of natural pigments new sources should be explored. Cold-adapted bacteria and fungi in the cryosphere produce a variety of pigments as a protective strategy against ecological stresses such as low temperature, oxidative stresses, and ultraviolet radiation making them a potential source for natural pigment production. This review highlights the protective strategies and pigment production by cold-adapted bacteria and fungi, their industrial and biomedical applications, condition optimization for maximum pigment extraction as well as the challenges facing in the exploitation of cryospheric microorganisms for pigment extraction that hopefully will provide valuable information, direction, and progress in forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ghufranud Din
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Awais Iqbal
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suliman Khan
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sahib Zada
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Barkat Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Wang SL, Nguyen VB, Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen MT, Nguyen AD. Production and Potential Applications of Bioconversion of Chitin and Protein-Containing Fishery Byproducts into Prodigiosin: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E2744. [PMID: 32545769 PMCID: PMC7356639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology of microbial conversion provides a potential way to exploit compounds of biotechnological potential. The red pigment prodigiosin (PG) and other PG-like pigments from bacteria, majorly from Serratia marcescens, have been reported as bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used in the broad fields of agriculture, fine chemicals, and pharmacy. Increasing PG productivity by investigating the culture conditions especially the inexpensive carbon and nitrogen (C/N) sources has become an important factor for large-scale production. Investigations into the bioactivities and applications of PG and its related compounds have also been given increased attention. To save production cost, chitin and protein-containing fishery byproducts have recently been investigated as the sole C/N source for the production of PG and chitinolytic/proteolytic enzymes. This strategy provides an environmentally-friendly selection using inexpensive C/N sources to produce a high yield of PG together with chitinolytic and proteolytic enzymes by S. marcescens. The review article will provide effective references for production, bioactivity, and application of S. marcescens PG in various fields such as biocontrol agents and potential pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Minh Trung Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
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Lapenda JCL, Alves VP, Adam ML, Rodrigues MD, Nascimento SC. Cytotoxic Effect of Prodigiosin, Natural Red Pigment, Isolated from Serratia marcescens UFPEDA 398. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:182-195. [PMID: 32255851 PMCID: PMC7105545 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite, with red pigmentation, produced by Serratia marcescens. Red pigment is a natural alkaloid whose chemical structure has three pyrrole rings. Prodigiosin has been described for several biological activities, including antitumor, inducing apotosis in T and B lymphocytes. This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of prodigiosin in NCHI-292, HEp-2, MCF-7 and HL-60 tumor cell lines. The red pigment was isolated from Serratia marcescens UFPEDA 398 biomass whose fractions were previously separated by column chromatography, purified, identified and further characterized by GC-MS and compared with the computerized library of m/z values. The pigment corresponded to prodigiosin with maximum absorption at 534 nm, molecular weight 323 and structural formula C20H25N3O. During the prodigiosin purification process a purple absorbance fraction at 272.65 nm was also observed. Significant cytotoxic effects of prodigiosin were evidenced for NCHI-292, Hep-2, MCF-7 and HL-60 tumor cell lines. The isolated purple fraction had no cytotoxic effect (IC50 11.3 µg/mL) when compared to prodigiosin (IC50 3.4 µg/mL) for the tumor cell lines studied. The MCF-7 strain was slightly more pigment resistant (IC50 5.1 µg/mL). Therefore, further studies will be needed to elucidate the antitumor mechanisms of prodigiosin action against tumor strains from flow cytometry tests. However, although these data are preliminary, it was evidenced that prodigiosin showed cytotoxic activity in tumor cell lines suggesting promising antitumor properties. In this sense, future studies on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of prodigiosin produced by S. marcecsens UFPEDA 398 are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. L. Lapenda
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - V. P. Alves
- Immunology Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - M. L. Adam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - M. D. Rodrigues
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - S. C. Nascimento
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
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Lin SR, Chen YH, Tseng FJ, Weng CF. The production and bioactivity of prodigiosin: quo vadis? Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:828-836. [PMID: 32251776 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG), a red tripyrrole pigment, belongs to a member of the prodiginine family and is normally secreted by various sources including Serratia marcescens and other Gram-negative bacteria. The studies of PG have received innovative devotion as a result of reported antimicrobial, larvicidal and anti-nematoid immunomodulation and antitumor properties, owing to its antibiotic and cytotoxic activities. This review provides a comprehensive summary of research undertaken toward the isolation and structural elucidation of the prodiginine family of natural products. Additionally, the current evidence-based understanding of the biological activities and medicinal potential of PG is employed to determine the efficacy, with some reports of information related to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Graduated Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11041, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jen Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Armed Force General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China; Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China.
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15
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Obatoclax, a Pan-BCL-2 Inhibitor, Downregulates Survivin to Induce Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells Via Suppressing WNT/β-catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051773. [PMID: 32150830 PMCID: PMC7084590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevailing cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Aberrant expression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins is closely linked to neoplastic progression and chemoresistance. Obatoclax is a clinically developed drug, which binds antiapoptotic BCL-2, BCL-xL, and MCL-1 for inhibition to elicit apoptosis. Survivin is an antiapoptotic protein, whose upregulation correlates with pathogenesis, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis in CRC. Herein, we provide the first evidence delineating the functional linkage between Obatoclax and survivin in the context of human CRC cells. In detail, Obatoclax was found to markedly downregulate survivin. This downregulation was mainly achieved via transcriptional repression, as Obatoclax lowered the levels of both survivin mRNA and promoter activity, while blocking proteasomal degradation failed to prevent survivin from downregulation by Obatoclax. Notably, ectopic survivin expression curtailed Obatoclax-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity, confirming an essential role of survivin downregulation in Obatoclax-elicited anti-CRC effect. Moreover, Obatoclax was found to repress hyperactive WNT/β-catenin signaling activity commonly present in human CRC cells, and, markedly, ectopic expression of dominant-active β-catenin mutant rescued the levels of survivin along with elevated cell viability. We further revealed that, depending on the cell context, Obatoclax suppresses WNT/β-catenin signaling in HCT 116 cells likely via inducing β-catenin destabilization, or by downregulating LEF1 in DLD-1 cells. Collectively, we for the first time define survivin downregulation as a novel, pro-apoptotic mechanism of Obatoclax as a consequence of Obatocalx acting as an antagonist to WNT/β-catenin signaling.
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16
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Wang HC, Hu HH, Chang FR, Tsai JY, Kuo CY, Wu YC, Wu CC. Different effects of 4β-hydroxywithanolide E and withaferin A, two withanolides from Solanaceae plants, on the Akt signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:213-222. [PMID: 30668401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a clinical challenge because it lacks sensitivity to hormone therapy or other available molecule-targeted agents. In addition, TNBC frequently exhibits over-activation of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway that can contribute to chemotherapy resistance. 4β-Hydroxywithanolide E (4-HW) and withaferin A (WA) are two withanolides from Solanaceae plants that exhibit promising anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of 4-HW and WA on TNBC cells and underling mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The anticancer effects of 4-HW and WA were evaluated by cell viability, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis assays. PI3K/Akt signaling and the expression of survivin, Bcl-2 family proteins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors were evaluated by Western blot. The role of PI3K/Akt signaling in the withanolides-induced anticancer effects was examined by using a PI3K inhibitor and overexpression of a constitutively active form of Akt. RESULTS In TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells, 4-HW and WA displayed different kinetic effect on cell availability. Cell cycle analysis revealed that 4-HW induced the G1-phase arrest while WA caused the G2/M-phase block. Both withanolides induced apoptosis, but WA also caused necrosis. 4-HW inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway and survivin expression as well as up-regulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27. In contrast, WA is a more potent inhibitor of Hsp90 and elicited Akt activation at low doses but inhibited Akt signaling at higher doses by depleting the Akt protein. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 mimicked the effects of 4-HW and potentiated the cytotoxic activity of WA. In contrast, overexpressing a constitutively active form of myristoylated Akt rescue cancer cells from 4-HW-induced cell death. CONCLUSION The withanolides 4-HW and WA potently inhibit the viability of TNBC cells through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis/necrosis. The PI3K/Akt pathway plays distinct roles in cancer cells respond to 4-HW and WA. These results suggest the potential applications of the withanolides for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Product and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Han Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Product and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ying Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Product and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Product and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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17
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Azman AS, Mawang CI, Abubakar S. Bacterial Pigments: The Bioactivities and as an Alternative for Therapeutic Applications. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pigments have been widely used in various applications since the 1980s. However, the hyperallergenicity or carcinogenicity effects of synthetic dyes have led to the increased research on natural pigments. Among the natural resources, bacterial pigments are a good alternative to synthetic pigments because of their significant properties. Bacterial pigments are also one of the emerging fields of research since it offers promising opportunities for different applications. Besides its use as safe coloring agents in the cosmetic and food industry, bacterial pigments also possess biological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer activities. This review article highlights the various types of bacterial pigments, the latest studies on the discovery of bacterial pigments and the therapeutic insights of these bacterial pigments which hopefully provides useful information, guidance and improvement in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adzzie-Shazleen Azman
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christina-Injan Mawang
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Lin SR, Weng CF. PG-Priming Enhances Doxorubicin Influx to Trigger Necrotic and Autophagic Cell Death in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100375. [PMID: 30347872 PMCID: PMC6210351 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic effects between natural compounds and chemotherapy drugs are believed to have fewer side effects with equivalent efficacy. However, the synergistic potential of prodigiosin (PG) with doxorubicin (Dox) chemotherapy is still unknown. This study explores the synergistic mechanism of PG and Dox against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Three OSCC cell lines were treated with different PG/Dox combinatory schemes for cytotoxicity tests and were further investigated for cell death characteristics by cell cycle flow cytometry and autophagy/apoptosis marker labelling. When OSCC cells were pretreated with PG, the cytotoxicity of the subsequent Dox-treatment was 30% higher than Dox alone. The cytotoxic efficacy of PG-pretreated was found better than those of PG plus Dox co-treatment and Dox-pretreatment. Increase of Sub-G1 phase and caspase-3/LC-3 levels without poly (ADP-ribose) polymeras (PARP) elevation indicated both autophagy and necrosis occurred in OSCC cells. Dox flux after PG-priming was further evaluated by rhodamine-123 accumulation and Dox transporters analysis to elucidate the PG-priming effect. PG-priming autophagy enhanced Dox accumulation according to the increase of rhodamine-123 accumulation without the alterations of Dox transporters. Additionally, the cause of PG-triggered autophagy was determined by co-treatment with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. PG-induced autophagy was not related to nutrient deprivation and ER stress was proved by co-treatment with specific inhibitor. Taken together, PG-priming autophagy could sensitize OSCC cells by promoting Dox influx without regulation of Dox transporter. The PG-priming might be a promising adjuvant approach for the chemotherapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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19
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Chiu WJ, Lin SR, Chen YH, Tsai MJ, Leong MK, Weng CF. Prodigiosin-Emerged PI3K/Beclin-1-Independent Pathway Elicits Autophagic Cell Death in Doxorubicin-Sensitive and -Resistant Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100321. [PMID: 30282915 PMCID: PMC6210934 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG) belongs to a family of prodiginines isolated from gram-negative bacteria. It is a water insoluble red pigment and a potent proapoptotic compound. This study elucidates the anti-tumor activity and underlying mechanism of PG in doxorubicin-sensitive (Dox-S) and doxorubicin-resistant (Dox-R) lung cancer cells. The cytotoxicity and cell death characteristics of PG in two cells were measured by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis/autophagic marker analysis. Then, the potential mechanism of PG-induced cell death was evaluated through the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase-p85/Protein kinase B /mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-p85/Akt/mTOR) and Beclin-1/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase-Class III (Beclin-1/PI3K-Class III) signaling. Finally, in vivo efficacy was examined by intratracheal inoculation and treatment. There was similar cytotoxicity with PG in both Dox-S and Dox-R cells, where the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were all in 10 μM. Based on a non-significant increase in the sub-G1 phase with an increase of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II), the cell death of both cells was categorized to achieve autophagy. Interestingly, an increase in cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (cleaved-PARP) also showed the existence of an apoptosis-sensitive subpopulation. In both Dox-S and Dox-R cells, PI3K-p85/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways were reduced, which inhibited autophagy initiation. However, Beclin-1/PI3K-Class III downregulation implicated non-canonical autophagy pathways were involved in PG-induced autophagy. At completion of the PG regimen, tumors accumulated in the mice trachea and were attenuated by PG treatment, which indicated the efficacy of PG for both Dox-S and Dox-R lung cancer. All the above results concluded that PG is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for lung cancer regimens regardless of doxorubicin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Chiu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - May-Jwan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Max K Leong
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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20
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Tang C, Tian C, Sun Q, Su Z, Xue L, Yin Y, Ju C, Zhang C. Co-delivery of paclitaxel and anti-survivin siRNA via redox-sensitive oligopeptide liposomes for the synergistic treatment of breast cancer and metastasis. Int J Pharm 2017. [PMID: 28642204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of survivin in breast cancer cells is an important factor of paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in breast cancer. To overcome PTX resistance and improve the antitumor effect of PTX, we developed a novel liposome-based nanosystem (PTX/siRNA/SS-L), composed of a redox-sensitive cationic oligopeptide lipid (LHSSG2C14) with a proton sponge effect, natural soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), and cholesterol for co-delivery of PTX and anti-survivin siRNA, which could specifically downregulate survivin overexpression. PTX/siRNA/SS-L exhibited high encapsulation efficiency and rapid redox-responsive release of both PTX and siRNA. Moreover, in vitro studies on the 4T1 breast cancer cells revealed that PTX/siRNA/SS-L offered significant advantages over other experimental groups, such as higher cellular uptake, successful endolysosomal escape, reduced survivin expression, the lowest cell viability and wound healing rate, as well as the highest apoptosis rate. In particular, in vivo evaluation of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice showed that PTX/siRNA/SS-L had lower toxicity and induced a synergistic inhibitory effect on tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. Collectively, the collaboration of anti-survivin siRNA and PTX via redox-sensitive oligopeptide liposomes provides a promising strategy for the treatment of breast cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhigui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingjing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Caoyun Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Dozie-Nwachukwu S, Danyuo Y, Obayemi J, Odusanya O, Malatesta K, Soboyejo W. Extraction and encapsulation of prodigiosin in chitosan microspheres for targeted drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:268-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Obatoclax, a Pan-BCL-2 Inhibitor, Targets Cyclin D1 for Degradation to Induce Antiproliferation in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010044. [PMID: 28035994 PMCID: PMC5297679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Aberrant overexpression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) family proteins is closely linked to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Obatoclax is an inhibitor targeting all antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins. A previous study has described the antiproliferative action of obatoclax in one human colorectal cancer cell line without elucidating the underlying mechanisms. We herein reported that, in a panel of human colorectal cancer cell lines, obatoclax inhibits cell proliferation, suppresses clonogenicity, and induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest, along with cyclin D1 downregulation. Notably, ectopic cyclin D1 overexpression abrogated clonogenicity suppression but also G1-phase arrest elicited by obatoclax. Mechanistically, pre-treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 restored cyclin D1 levels in all obatoclax-treated cell lines. Cycloheximide chase analyses further revealed an evident reduction in the half-life of cyclin D1 protein by obatoclax, confirming that obatoclax downregulates cyclin D1 through induction of cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation. Lastly, threonine 286 phosphorylation of cyclin D1, which is essential for initiating cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation, was induced by obatoclax in one cell line but not others. Collectively, we reveal a novel anticancer mechanism of obatoclax by validating that obatoclax targets cyclin D1 for proteasomal degradation to downregulate cyclin D1 for inducing antiproliferation.
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Prodigiosin inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and exerts anticancer activity in breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13150-13155. [PMID: 27799526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616336113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a natural red pigment produced by numerous bacterial species, has exhibited promising anticancer activity; however, the molecular mechanisms of action of prodigiosin on malignant cells remain unclear. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade is associated with numerous human cancers. In this study, we identified prodigiosin as a potent inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prodigiosin blocked Wnt/β-catenin signaling by targeting multiple sites of this pathway, including the low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein (LRP) 6, Dishevelled (DVL), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). In breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, nanomolar concentrations of prodigiosin decreased phosphorylation of LRP6, DVL2, and GSK3β and suppressed β-catenin-stimulated Wnt target gene expression, including expression of cyclin D1. In MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts and MMTV-Wnt1 transgenic mice, administration of prodigiosin slowed tumor progression and reduced the expression of phosphorylated LRP6, phosphorylated and unphosphorylated DVL2, Ser9 phosphorylated GSK3β, active β-catenin, and cyclin D1. Through its ability to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduce cyclin D1 levels, prodigiosin could have therapeutic activity in advanced breast cancers.
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Yenkejeh RA, Sam MR, Esmaeillou M. Targeting survivin with prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:402-411. [PMID: 27334973 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116651122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway increases survivin expression that is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, downregulation of survivin may provide an attractive strategy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this regard, little is known about the anticancer effects of prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens on the survivin expression and induction of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with 100-, 200-, 400-, and 600-nM prodigiosin after which morphology of cells, cell number, growth inhibition, survivin expression, caspase-3 activation, and apoptotic rate were evaluated by inverted microscope, hemocytometer, MTT assay, RT-PCR, fluorometric immunosorbent enzyme assay, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. RESULTS Prodigiosin changed morphology of cells to apoptotic forms and disrupted cell connections. This compound significantly increased growth inhibition rate and decreased metabolic activity of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with prodigiosin at concentrations ranging from 100 nM to 600 nM, growth inhibition rates were measured to be 1.5-10%, 24-47.5%, and 55.5-72.5%, respectively, compared to untreated cells. At the same conditions, metabolic activities were measured to be 91-83%, 74-53%, and 47-31% for indicated concentrations of prodigiosin, respectively, compared to untreated cells. We also found that treatment of HepG2 cells for 48 h decreased significantly cell number and survivin expression and increased caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, treatment with 600-nM prodigiosin resulted in 77% decrease in cell number, 88.5% decrease in survivin messenger RNA level, and 330% increase in caspase-3 activation level compared to untreated cells. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells (late apoptosis) ranging from 36.9% to 97.4% was observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations. CONCLUSION From our data, prodigiosin is an attractive compound that turns the profile of high-level survivin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells into that of normal cells and may provide a novel approach to the hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Yenkejeh
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M R Sam
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran.,2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Esmaeillou
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Sam S, Sam MR, Esmaeillou M, Safaralizadeh R. Effective Targeting Survivin, Caspase-3 and MicroRNA-16-1 Expression by Methyl-3-pentyl-6-methoxyprodigiosene Triggers Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:715-23. [PMID: 27055667 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over-expression of the proto-oncogene survivin in colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) is thought to be one the primary causes for therapy failure. It has also been reported that tumor suppressor miR-16-1 is down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Therefore, the search for new anti-proliferative agents which target survivin or miR-16-1 in CCSCs is warranted. Several studies have shown that prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in different kinds of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effects of prodigiosin on HCT-116 cells that serve as a model for CRC initiating cells with stem-like cells properties. HCT-116 cells were treated with 100, 200 and 400 nM prodigiosin after which cell number, viability, growth-rate, survivin and miRNA-16-1 expression, caspase-3 activation and apoptotic rate were evaluated. Prodigiosin decreased significantly growth-rate in a dose-and time-dependent manner. After a 48 h treatment with 100, 200 and 400 nM prodigiosin, growth-rates were measured to be 84.4 ± 9.2 %, 58 ± 6.5 % and 46.3 ± 5.2 %, respectively, compared to untreated cells. We also found that treatment for 48 h with indicated concentrations of prodigiosin resulted in 41 %, 54.5 % and 63 % decrease in survivin mRNA levels and induced 32 %, 48 % and 61 % decrease in survivin protein levels as well as resulted in 128.3 ± 10 %, 178.7 ± 6.1 % and 205 ± 7.6 % increase in caspase-3 activation respectively compared to untreated cells. Prodigiosin caused a significant increase in miRNA-16-1 expression at a concentration of 100 nM and treatment with different concentrations of prodigiosin resulted in 2.2- to 3-fold increase in miRNA-16-1/survivin ratios compared to untreated cells. An increase in number of apoptotic cells ranging from 28.2 % to 86.8 % was also observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations. Our results provide the first evidence that survivin and miRNA-16-1 as potential biomarkers could be targeted in CRC initiating cells with stem-like cells properties by prodigiosin and this compound with high pro-apoptotic capacity represents the possibility of its therapeutic application directed against CCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Esmaeillou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Li J, Sun RR, Yu ZJ, Liang H, Shen S, Kan Q. Galectin-1 Modulates the Survival and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Sensitivity in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 30:336-41. [PMID: 26348206 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Ran-ran Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Zu-jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Hongxia Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
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Lin JY, Ke YM, Lai JS, Ho TF. Tanshinone IIA enhances the effects of TRAIL by downregulating survivin in human ovarian carcinoma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:929-938. [PMID: 26321742 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), a diterpene quinone from the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) was shown to possess apoptotic and TRAIL-sensitizing effects. Still, the molecular mechanisms whereby TIIA induces apoptosis remain largely unknown. PURPOSE The role of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, in TIIA-induced apoptosis has never been addressed before and hence was the primary goal of this study. METHODS In this study, we explored the anticancer effect of TIIA in TOV-21G, SKOV3, and OVCAR3 ovarian carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTS assay. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression of related signaling proteins. RESULTS Our results illustrated that TIIA's cytotoxic effect was caused by apoptosis with the involvement of caspases activity. Moreover, TIIA downregulated survivin in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax. TIIA-induced survivin downregulation is regulated by both transcriptional processes and proteasomal degradation. Using TOV-21G cells as our cellular model, we demonstrated that TIIA-induced survivin downregulation requires p38 MAPK activation. Importantly, genetic overexpression of survivin rendered cells more resistant to TIIA, indicating an essential role of survivin downregulation in TIIA-induced apoptosis. This TRAIL sensitization effect of TIIA is ascribed to survivin downregulation because the effect was abrogated in cells that overexpressed survivin. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights into the action modes of TIIA-mediated anticancer effects and further implicate a rational design for cancer therapeutic regimens by combining TIIA-sensitized TRAIL via downregulating survivin to elicit ovarian cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Yi Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Ke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Lai
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsing-Fen Ho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chang CC, Kuan CP, Lin JY, Lai JS, Ho TF. Tanshinone IIA Facilitates TRAIL Sensitization by Up-regulating DR5 through the ROS-JNK-CHOP Signaling Axis in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines. Chem Res Toxicol 2015. [PMID: 26203587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza has been shown to possess antitumor and TRAIL-sensitizing activity. The involvement of DR5 in the mechanism whereby TIIA exerts its effects is unknown. This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying TIIA augmentation of TRAIL-induced cell death in ovarian carcinoma cells. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression of relating signaling proteins. Transcriptional activation was explored by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. We found that TIIA sensitized human ovarian carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced extrinsic apoptosis. Combined treatment with subtoxic concentrations of TIIA and TRAIL was more effective than single treatments with respect to cytotoxicity, clonogenic inhibition, and the induction of caspase-8 and PARP activity in ovarian carcinoma cell lines TOV-21G and SKOV3. TIIA induced DR5 protein and mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. DR5/Fc treatment markedly suppressed the TRAIL cytotoxicity enhanced by TIIA. These results indicate that DR5 plays an essential role in TIIA-induced TRAIL sensitization and that induction of DR5 by TIIA is mediated through the up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Knockdown of CHOP gene expression by shRNA attenuated DR5 up-regulation and rescued cell viability under the treatment of TIIA-TRAIL combination. TIIA promoted JNK-mediated signaling to up-regulated CHOP and thereby inducing DR5 expression as shown by the ability of a JNK inhibitor to potently suppress the TIIA-mediated activation of CHOP and DR5. In addition, the quenching of ROS using NAC prevented the induction of JNK phosphorylation and CHOP induction. Furthermore, inhibition of ROS by NAC significantly attenuated TRAIL sensitization by TIIA. Taken together, these data suggest that TIIA enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating DR5 receptors through the ROS-JNK-CHOP signaling axis in human ovarian carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng-Ping Kuan
- #Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yi Lin
- †Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Lai
- #Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taiwan
| | - Tsing-Fen Ho
- †Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chung YK, Chi-Hung Or R, Lu CH, Ouyang WT, Yang SY, Chang CC. Sulforaphane down-regulates SKP2 to stabilize p27KIP1 for inducing antiproliferation in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hassankhani R, Sam MR, Esmaeilou M, Ahangar P. Prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens alters expression of apoptosis-related genes and increases apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Med Oncol 2014; 32:366. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang B, Zhao B, North P, Kong A, Huang J, Miao QR. Expression of NgBR is highly associated with estrogen receptor alpha and survivin in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78083. [PMID: 24223763 PMCID: PMC3817177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NgBR is a type I receptor with a single transmembrane domain and was identified as a specific receptor for Nogo-B. Our recent findings demonstrated that NgBR binds farnesylated Ras and recruits Ras to the plasma membrane, which is a critical step required for the activation of Ras signaling in human breast cancer cells and tumorigenesis. Here, we first use immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR approaches to examine the expression patterns of Nogo-B and NgBR in both normal and breast tumor tissues. Then, we examine the relationship between NgBR expression and molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and the roles of NgBR in estrogen-dependent survivin signaling pathway. Results showed that NgBR and Nogo-B protein were detected in both normal and breast tumor tissues. However, the expression of Nogo-B and NgBR in breast tumor tissue was much stronger than in normal breast tissue. The statistical analysis demonstrated that NgBR is highly associated with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. We also found that the expression of NgBR has a strong correlation with the expression of survivin, which is a well-known apoptosis inhibitor. The correlation between NgBR and survivin gene expression was further confirmed by real-time PCR. In vitro results also demonstrated that estradiol induces the expression of survivin in ER-positive T47D breast tumor cells but not in ER-negative MDA-MB-468 breast tumor cells. NgBR knockdown with siRNA abolishes estradiol-induced survivin expression in ER-positive T47D cells but not in ER-negative MDA-MB-468 cells. In addition, estradiol increases the expression of survivin and cell growth in ER-positive MCF-7 and T47D cells whereas knockdown of NgBR with siRNA reduces estradiol-induced survivin expression and cell growth. In summary, these results indicate that NgBR is a new molecular marker for breast cancer. The data suggest that the expression of NgBR may be essential in promoting ER-positive tumor cell proliferation via survivin induction in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paula North
- Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amanda Kong
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (QM)
| | - Qing Robert Miao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (QM)
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Chang CC, Lai JS, Tsai CS, Ma SW, Lin JY, Huang LR, Lu CH, Liao EC, Ho TF. Proapoptotic and TRAIL-sensitizing constituents isolated from Salvia militiorrhiza (Danshen). J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:516-23. [PMID: 23660075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants are invaluable resources for drug discovery. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent unique by its cancer cell-specific proapoptotic action, but its potential is heavily curbed by acquired resistance. We herein reported for the first time the identification of cytotoxic and TRAIL-sensitizing components of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), a traditional medicinal plant effective for treating cardiovascular disorders. Specifically, we found that the ethanol extract and its group 5 fraction of S. miltiorrhiza showed evident cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line TOV-21G in a concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, a dose-dependent cytotoxicity was exerted by the standard solutions of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA, the major components of the group 5 fraction, where tanshinone IIA were most potent and displayed an IC₅₀ of 2.00 ± 0.36 μM and 2.75 ± 0.23 μM for A549 and TOV-21G, respectively. Induction of apoptosis represents an essential mechanism underlying tanshinone IIA-mediated cytotoxic action, as evidenced by the proteolytic processing of PARP upon tanshinone IIA stimulation and, importantly, a marked rescue of the viability of tanshinone IIA-treated cells when co-treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Noteworthy, stimulation with cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I or tanshinone IIA all effectively potentiated TRAIL to reduce viability and inhibit the colony formation capacity of TRAIL-resistant TOV-21G and SKOV3. Collectively, we revealed the proapoptotic and TRAIL-sensitizing components of S. miltiorrhiza and further implicated the potential of developing these active compounds as monotherapeutic agent or TRAIL-based therapy for cancer chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Che Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 666 Buzih Road, Taichung 40601, Taiwan
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Subamolide B Isolated from Medicinal Plant Cinnamomum subavenium Induces Cytotoxicity in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells through Mitochondrial and CHOP-Dependent Cell Death Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:630415. [PMID: 23573140 PMCID: PMC3610371 DOI: 10.1155/2013/630415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Subamolide B is a butanolide isolated from Cinnamomum subavenium, a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments including carcinomatous swelling. We herein reported for the first time that subamolide B potently induced cytotoxicity against diverse human skin cancer cell lines while sparing nonmalignant cells. Mechanistic studies on human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC12 highlighted the involvement of apoptosis in subamolide B-induced cytotoxicity, as evidenced by the activation of caspases-8, -9, -4, and -3, the increase in annexin V-positive population, and the partial restoration of cell viability by cotreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Additionally, subamolide B evoked cell death pathways mediated by FasL/Fas, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as supported by subamolide B-induced FasL upregulation, BCL-2 suppression/cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and UPR activation/CHOP upregulation, respectively. Noteworthy, ectopic expression of c-FLIPL or dominant-negative mutant of FADD failed to impair subamolide B-induced cytotoxicity, whereas BCL-2 overexpression or CHOP depletion greatly rescued subamolide B-stimulated cells. Collectively, these results underscored the central role of mitochondrial and CHOP-mediated cell death pathways in subamolide B-induced cytotoxicity. Our findings further implicate the potential of subamolide B for cutaneous SCC therapy or as a lead compound for developing novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Hosseini A, Espona-Fiedler M, Soto-Cerrato V, Quesada R, Pérez-Tomás R, Guallar V. Molecular interactions of prodiginines with the BH3 domain of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57562. [PMID: 23460874 PMCID: PMC3583838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin and obatoclax, members of the prodiginines family, are small molecules with anti-cancer properties that are currently under preclinical and clinical trials. The molecular target(s) of these agents, however, is an open question. Combining experimental and computational techniques we find that prodigiosin binds to the BH3 domain in some BCL-2 protein families, which play an important role in the apoptotic programmed cell death. In particular, our results indicate a large affinity of prodigiosin for MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family. In melanoma cells, we demonstrate that prodigiosin activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by disrupting MCL-1/BAK complexes. Computer simulations with the PELE software allow the description of the induced fit process, obtaining a detailed atomic view of the molecular interactions. These results provide new data to understand the mechanism of action of these molecules, and assist in the development of more specific inhibitors of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseini
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Espona-Fiedler
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Soto-Cerrato
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Quesada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Tomás
- Cancer Cell Biology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Guallar
- Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pan MY, Shen YC, Lu CH, Yang SY, Ho TF, Peng YT, Chang CC. Prodigiosin activates endoplasmic reticulum stress cell death pathway in human breast carcinoma cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 265:325-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hsieh HY, Shieh JJ, Chen CJ, Pan MY, Yang SY, Lin SC, Chang JS, Lee AYL, Chang CC. Prodigiosin down-regulates SKP2 to induce p27(KIP1) stabilization and antiproliferation in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2095-108. [PMID: 22372491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High levels of SKP2 are a poor prognostic factor in multiple human cancers and mostly correlate with low p27(KIP1) levels. Prodigiosin is a bacterial tripyrrole pigment with strong pro-apoptotic activity. Induction of cell cycle blockade underlies one of its anticancer actions but the mechanisms involved are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the SKP2-p27(KIP1) axis in prodigiosin's cytostatic effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prodigiosin's effects on cell cycle progression and long-term cell proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells were characterized by flow cytometry and colony formation assay, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR and promoter activity analyses were performed for assessing transcriptional control, while cycloheximide chase analysis evaluated protein stability. Immunoblotting was employed for mechanistic study. KEY RESULTS Prodigiosin increased p27(KIP1) expression mainly by stabilizing p27(KIP1) through transcriptional repression of SKP2. Importantly, SKP2 overexpression or p27(KIP1) depletion restored the colony forming capacity of prodigiosin-treated cells. Furthermore, prodigiosin induced PKB dephosphorylation, leading to PKB inhibition as revealed by decreased serine 9 phosphorylation of GSK-3β. Constitutive PKB activation reduced prodigiosin-induced SKP2 repression. Prodigiosin also down-regulated E2F1 (mediates PI3K/PKB-induced SKP2 transcription), but E2F1 overexpression failed to restore SKP2 expression in prodigiosin-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Transcriptional repression of SKP2 and the consequent accumulation of p27(KIP1) are essential for prodigiosin's antiproliferative action. Mechanistically, prodigiosin induces PKB inhibition to down-regulate SKP2 in a GSK-3β- and E2F1-independent manner. Our findings further implicate the potential for developing prodigiosin as a novel class of SKP2-targeting anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lai JK, Wu HC, Shen YC, Hsieh HY, Yang SY, Chang CC. Krüppel-like factor 4 is involved in cell scattering induced by hepatocyte growth factor. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4853-64. [PMID: 22854048 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) is unique by inducing epithelial cell scattering, a cellular event pivotal to HGF-mediated invasive-growth response essential for embryonic development and metastasis. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a multifunctional zinc-finger transcription factor involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. We herein present the first evidence for the functional connection between KLF4 and HGF-induced cell scattering. In particular, we found that KLF4 was upregulated by HGF in two independent epithelial cell types, HepG2 and MDCK, whereas KLF4 knockdown inhibited HGF-induced E-cadherin suppression and cell scattering. Moreover, enforced nuclear KLF4 expression alone was sufficient to upregulate KLF4, downregulate E-cadherin and trigger scattering. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis further revealed that KLF4 induced suppression of E-cadherin transcription by directly binding to the E-cadherin promoter. Additionally, we proved that HGF-induced upregulation of KLF4 transcription and cell scattering require activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and the induction of early growth response 1 (EGR-1). At the mechanistic level, ChIP analysis validated a direct binding of EGR-1 to the KLF4 promoter to induce KLF4 transcription; in turn, EGR-1-induced KLF4 binds to its own promoter, thus creating a positive feedback mechanism to sustain KLF4 expression and the resultant cell scattering. We conclude that KLF4 upregulation by HGF represents a novel mechanism mediating HGF-induced cell scattering and perhaps other associated events such as cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kai Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Prodigiosin-induced cytotoxicity involves RAD51 down-regulation through the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human breast carcinoma cell lines. Toxicol Lett 2012; 212:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jha K, Shukla M, Pandey M. Survivin expression and targeting in breast cancer. Surg Oncol 2011; 21:125-31. [PMID: 21334875 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survivin a multifunctional protein that controls cell division, inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis. It is expressed in most human neoplasm, but is absent in normal and differentiated tissues. The purpose of this article is to overview the expression of survivin, effect of its expression in response to treatment, correlation with other markers and newer advancement in targeting survivin. METHODS A detailed search of Medline was carried out using the following search strategy: "((survivin) OR ((apoptosis) AND (inhibitor OR inhibitors))) AND ((breast) AND (neoplasm OR neoplasms OR tumor OR tumor OR cancer OR carcinoma))". Abstract of all articles thus identified were reviewed to identify the relevant studies, full articles of studies thus identified were then obtained and reviewed. All relevant data was extracted and tabulated. RESULTS Survivin expression by Immunohistochemistry was identified in 65.3% (55.2-90.0%) of the breast cancer patients among the identified studies while survivin mRNA by RT-PCR was identified in 93.6% (90-97%). Survivin expression has been reported to be associated with over expression of HER 2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/PAI-1. CONCLUSION Survivin is over expressed in majority of breast cancers. The over expression of survivin is found to correlate with HER 2 and EGFR expression. Survivin expression has been found to confer resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Targeting survivin in experimental models improves survival. More studies are needed on the role of survivin in multi drug resistance (MDR) in the presence of Pgp/uPA/PAI-1 and the impact of survivin over expression in triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Jha
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Chang CC, Chen WC, Ho TF, Wu HS, Wei YH. Development of natural anti-tumor drugs by microorganisms. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:501-11. [PMID: 21277252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries of tumor-resistant pharmacological drugs have mainly resulted from screening of natural products and their analogs. Some are also discovered incidentally when studying organisms. The great biodiversity of microorganisms raises the possibility of producing secondary metabolites (e.g., mevastatin, lovastatin, epothilone, salinosporamide A) to cope with adverse environments. Recently, natural plant pigments with anti-tumor activities such as β-carotene, lycopene, curcumin and anthocyanins have been proposed. However, many plants have a long life cycle. Therefore, pigments from microorganisms represent another option for the development of novel anti-tumor drugs. Prodigiosin (PG) is a natural red pigment produced by microorganisms, i.e., Serratia marcescens and other gram-negative bacteria. The anti-tumor potential of PG has been widely demonstrated. The families of PG (PGs), which share a common pyrrolylpyrromethene (PPM) skeleton, are produced by various bacteria. PGs are bioactive pigments and are known to exert immunosuppressive properties, in vitro apoptotic effects, and in vivo anti-tumor activities. Currently the most common strain used for producing PGs is S. marcescens. However, few reports have discussed PGs production. This review therefore describes the development of an anti-tumor drug, PG, that can be naturally produced by microorganisms, and evaluates the microbial production system, fermentation strategies, purification and identification processes. The application potential of PGs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Che Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kim YS, Choi JM, Yoon JH, Choi MJ, Reza MA, Park SC. Studies on the Dermal and Ocular Irritation of Prodigiosin Isolated from Zooshikella rubidus. Toxicol Res 2009; 25:237-242. [PMID: 32038844 PMCID: PMC7006280 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2009.25.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the irritation of the prodigiosin isolated from Zooshikella rubidus on the skin and eyes in New Zealand white rabbits. The tests were performed on the basis of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guidelines. Prodigiosin induced severe eye irritation at high concentration (0.5 g/site/ml) but there was no eye irritation at low concentration (0.3 mg/site/ ml). The primary irritation index was calculated from higher concentration (0.5 g/site/ml) to lower concentration (0.3 mg/site/ml). There were found non-irritation or induced mild irritation at lower concentration of prodigiosin application. On the basis of this study, it could be concluded that the prodigiosin may be non-irritant to mild irritant of usual application at lower concentration (0.3 mg/site) resulting it is safe and useful in dyeing technology of fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sook Kim
- Present Address: Department of Fashion Design Information, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763 Korea
| | - Jong-Myoung Choi
- Present Address: Department of Fashion Design Information, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763 Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Choi
- Laboratory of Veterimary Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Korea
| | - Md. Ahsanur Reza
- Laboratory of Veterimary Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterimary Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 Korea
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