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Zhang L, Shi WY, Zhang LL, Sha Y, Xu JY, Shen LC, Li YH, Yuan LX, Qin LQ. Effects of selenium-cadmium co-enriched Cardamine hupingshanensis on bone damage in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116101. [PMID: 38359653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and cadmium (Cd) usually co-existed in soils, especially in areas with Se-rich soils in China. The potential health consequences for the local populations consuming foods rich in Se and Cd are unknown. Cardamine hupingshanensis (HUP) is Se and Cd hyperaccumulator plant that could be an ideal natural product to assess the protective effects of endogenous Se against endogenous Cd-caused bone damage. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed 5.22 mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (Cd 3.2 mg/kg body weight (BW)), or HUP solutions containing Cd 3.2 mg/kg BW and Se 0.15, 0.29 or 0.50 mg/kg BW (corresponding to the HUP0, HUP1 and HUP2 groups) interventions. Se-enriched HUP1 and HUP2 significantly decreased Cd-induced femur microstructure damage and regulated serum bone osteoclastic marker levels and osteogenesis-related genes. In addition, endogenous Se significantly decreased kidney fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) protein expression and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and raised serum calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3). Furthermore, Se also regulated gut microbiota involved in skeletal metabolism disorder. In conclusion, endogenous Se, especially with higher doses (the HUP2 group), positively affects bone formation and resorption by mitigating the damaging effects of endogenous Cd via the modulation of renal FGF23 expression, circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Yao Shi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Sha
- Department of Medical Technology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Le-Cheng Shen
- Jiangxi Center of Quality Supervision and Inspection for Selenium-enriched Products/Ganzhou General Inspection and Testing Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lin-Xi Yuan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Bilal M, Ali H, Hassan HU, Khan SU, Ghafar R, Akram W, Ahmad H, Mushtaq S, Jafari H, Yaqoob H, Khan MM, Ullah R, Arai T. Cadmium (Cd) influences calcium (Ca) levels in the skeleton of a freshwater fish Channa gachua. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e264336. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.264336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Environmental contamination with heavy metals is a threat to the organisms due to their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation in food chains. The study was aimed to assess cadmium (Cd) effect on calcium (Ca) level in bones of a freshwater fish Channa gachua. 42 fish individuals were kept into six (6) aquaria; labelled aq.0, 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 in the laboratory for treatment. Aq.0 was control group and aq.1, 2,3,4,5 were experimental with treatment solution of Cd 0, 0.1ppm, 0.5ppm, 1ppm, 2.5ppm and 5ppm respectively for three months. After exposure, bones tissue were examined for Cd accumulation and Ca concentration. Highest accumulation of Cd were recorded in aq.5 mean 46.86 ± 0.46 mgkg-1 .and lowest in the control group with mean 0.61 ± 0.06 mgkg-1. The order of Cd bioaccumulation in bones were aq.5 > aq.4 >aq.3 > aq.2 > aq.1 > aq.0. Highest concentration of Ca were noted in aq.0 (Control group) mean 7888.06 ± 4827.22 mgkg-1 and lowest were 1132.36 ± 203.73 mgkg-1 in aq.5 (at 5.0 ppm). Generally a pattern of decreasing Ca level were observed with each rise of Cd bioaccumulation aq.0 > aq.1 > aq.2 > aq.3 > aq.4 > aq.5. Current study indicated that Cd accumulation have substantial effect on Ca level in bones and hence on skeleton system. Strict rules must be implemented by government to control metals pollution and exploitations of biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bilal
- Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H. Ali
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - H. U. Hassan
- University of Karachi, Pakistan; Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Mushtaq
- Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - R. Ullah
- Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - T. Arai
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
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Snega Priya P, Pratiksha Nandhini P, Arockiaraj J. A comprehensive review on environmental pollutants and osteoporosis: Insights into molecular pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117103. [PMID: 37689340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A significant problem that has an impact on community wellbeing is environmental pollution. Environmental pollution due to air, water, or soil pollutants might pose a severe risk to global health, necessitating intense scientific effort. Osteoporosis is a common chronic condition with substantial clinical implications on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. It is closely linked to bone fractures. Worldwide, osteoporosis affects around 200 million people, and every year, there are almost 9 million fractures. There is evidence that certain environmental factors may increase the risk of osteoporosis in addition to traditional risk factors. It is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms at play because there is a connection between osteoporosis and exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, air pollutants, endocrine disruptors, metal ions and trace elements. Hence, in this scoping review, we explore potential explanations for the link between pollutants and bone deterioration through deep insights into molecular pathways. Understanding and recognizing these pollutants as modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis would possibly help to enhance environmental policy thereby aiding in the improvement of bone health and improving patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Pratiksha Nandhini
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulatur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Schaefer HR, Flannery BM, Crosby LM, Pouillot R, Farakos SMS, Van Doren JM, Dennis S, Fitzpatrick S, Middleton K. Reassessment of the cadmium toxicological reference value for use in human health assessments of foods. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 144:105487. [PMID: 37640100 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed an oral toxicological reference value (TRV) for characterizing potential health concerns from dietary exposure to cadmium (Cd). The development of the TRV leveraged the FDA's previously published research including (1) a systematic review for adverse health effects associated with oral Cd exposure and (2) a human physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model adapted from Kjellstrom and Nordberg (1978) for use in reverse dosimetry applied to the U.S. population. Adverse effects of Cd on the bone and kidney are associated with similar points of departure (PODs) of approximately 0.50 μg Cd/g creatinine for females aged 50-60 based on available epidemiologic data. We also used the upper bound estimate of the renal cortical concentration (50 μg/g Cd) occurring in the U.S. population at 50 years of age as a POD. Based on the output from our reverse dosimetry PBPK Model, a range of 0.21-0.36 μg/kg bw/day was developed for the TRV. The animal data used for the animal TRV derivation (0.63-1.8 μg/kg bw/day) confirms biological plausibility for both the bone and kidney endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Schaefer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Brenna M Flannery
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lynn M Crosby
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jane M Van Doren
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sherri Dennis
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne Fitzpatrick
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Karlyn Middleton
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
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Omar AR, Nour AA, Dakrory AE. Amelioration of silymarin against cadmium-induced toxicity in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1192-1207. [PMID: 37401502 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silymarin is an antioxidant without side effects even at relatively high physiological dosage. Therefore, it is safely used as a herbal medicine for treating different diseases. AIM OF WORK The purpose of this study was to examine the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) in pregnant rats and their fetuses and the ameliorative effects of silymarin (SL) against this toxicity. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 24 pregnant rats allocated into four equal groups. Control, silymarin (200 mg/kg), Cd (5 mg/kg), and a combination of Cd and silymarin concurrent from 6 to 20th gestational day. Number of corpora lutea, dams', gravid uteri, placental weights, and likewise fetal body weights and lengths were analyzed as physical parameters. Serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and maternal and fetal liver tissues for malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activity were studied. The histology of hepatic and renal tissues for both mothers and fetuses was examined. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance test and Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare group means. RESULTS The findings evidenced that Cd causes teratogenic abnormalities and histopathological variation in hepatic and renal tissues of both mothers and fetuses. Cd triggers oxidative stress and disrupts liver and kidney function. In Cd + silymarin treated rats exhibited improvement in the pregnancy outcomes, reduced histopathological changes, oxidative stress as well as liver and kidney enzymes. CONCLUSION We deduced that using of silymarin during gestation is effective and ameliorate the toxic maternal complications caused by cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ramadan Omar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Emam Dakrory
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Ciosek Ż, Kot K, Rotter I. Iron, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, Mercury, and Bone Tissue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2197. [PMID: 36767564 PMCID: PMC9915283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the current understanding on the effects of five metals on bone tissue, namely iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, and mercury. Iron, zinc, and copper contribute significantly to human and animal metabolism when present in sufficient amounts, but their excess or shortage increases the risk of developing bone disorders. In contrast, cadmium and mercury serve no physiological purpose and their long-term accumulation damages the osteoarticular system. We discuss the methods of action and interactions between the discussed elements as well as the concentrations of each element in distinct bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Ciosek
- Chair and Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Chair and Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
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Wang M, Liu J, Zhu G, Chen X. Low levels of cadmium exposure affect bone by inhibiting Lgr4 expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127025. [PMID: 35772369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium exposure is associated with bone loss. However, the mechanisms involved have not yet been fully understood. Leucine-rich repeat containing GPCR-4 (LGR4) can bind with the receptor activator of nuclear factors κB ligand (RANKL) and inhibit osteoclast formation. In addition, Lgr4 plays an important role in maintaining osteoblast activity. In the present study the effect of cadmium exposure on bone was investigated in terms of Lgr4 expression. METHODS Raw 264.7 cells and primary osteoblasts were exposed to cadmium (0-60 nM/L). The effects of cadmium on osteoclast formation and osteoblast activity were investigated. Osteoclast differentiation-related (Traf6, NFATc1) and osteoblast-related (RANKL; osteoprotegerin, OPG) gene and protein expression were determined. Lgr4 expression in osteoclasts and osteoblasts were also determined. A rat model was established to show the effects of cadmium (50 mg/L) on bone loss and Lgr4 expression in vivo. RESULTS Cadmium exposure inhibited osteoblast activities and stimulated osteoclast formation. Cadmium exposure also inhibited Lgr4 expression in both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Low dose of RANKL added to the culture medium could promote osteoclast formation in cadmium-pretreated RAW264.7 cells. Blocking Lgr4 in osteoclasts only slightly inhibited cadmium-induced osteoclast formation in cadmium-pretreated RAW264.7 cells. Cadmium significantly upregulated the AKT/ERK signaling pathway. An in vivo study showed that cadmium exposure promoted osteoclast formation and inhibited Lgr4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that cadmium may induce bone loss by inhibiting Lgr4-related bone formation and promoting Lgr4-related osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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8
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He S, Zhang K, Cao Y, Liu G, Zou H, Song R, Liu Z. Effect of cadmium on Rho GTPases signal transduction during osteoclast differentiation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1608-1617. [PMID: 35257471 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the key target cells for cadmium (Cd)-induced bone metabolism diseases, while Rho GTPases play an important role in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. To identify new therapeutic targets of Cd-induced bone diseases; we evaluated signal transduction through Rho GTPases during osteoclast differentiation under the influence of Cd. In osteoclastic precursor cells, 10 nM Cd induced pseudopodia stretching, promoted cell migration, upregulated the levels of Cdc42, and RhoQ mRNAs and downstream Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) and ROCK2 proteins, and downregulated the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) levels. Cd at 2 and 5 μM shortened the pseudopodia, inhibited cell migration, and decreased ROCK1, ROCK2, and ARP2/3 protein levels; Cd at 5 μM also reduced the mRNA expression levels of Rac1, Rac2, and RhoU mRNAs and decreased the level of phosphorylated (p)-cofilin. In osteoclasts, 10 nM Cd induced the formation of sealing zones, slightly upregulated Cdc42 mRNA levels and ROCK2 and ARP2/3 protein levels and significantly reduced p-cofilin levels. Cd at 2 μM and 5 μM Cd blocked the fusion of precursor cells; and 5 μM Cd downregulated the expression levels of RhoB, Rac1, Rac3, and RhoU mRNAs, and ROCK1, p-cofilin and ARP2/3 protein levels, significantly. In vivo, Cd (at 5 or 25 mg/L) increased the levels of key proteins RhoA, Rac1/2/3, Cdc42, and RhoU and their mRNAs in bone marrow cells. In summary, the results suggested that Cd affected the differentiation process of osteoclast and altered the expression of several Rho GTPases, which might be crucial targets of Cd during the differentiation of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kanglei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Wang M, Wang X, Cui W, Zhu G, Liang Y, Chen X, Jin T. The association between hemoglobin level and osteoporosis in a Chinese population with environmental lead and cadmium exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1673-1682. [PMID: 34698982 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low hemoglobin (Hb) level or anemia is associated with osteoporosis and bone fracture. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) exposure are also risk factors of osteoporosis and anemia. However, the role of anemia in Cd/Pb related bone loss remains unclear. The aim of present study was to investigate the association between Hb level and bone loss in a population with environmental lead and cadmium exposure. One hundred and ninety-four women and 108 men with different levels of Cd/Pb exposure were included in our study. The Cd/Pb exposure was determined using graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Forearm bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by peripheral dual-energy X-ray absortiometry. Hb concentration was determined using an automatic blood cellcounter. A logistic model was established to predict the risk of osteoporosis. The BMDs of women that had the highest quartile BCd and BPb were markedly lower than that with the lowest quartile (p < 0.05). The BMD and the prevalence of osteoporosis in men with anemia were lower and higher than that with normal Hb (p < 0.05), respectively. In men, age, BPb and anemia were independent risk factors for osteoporosis. The odds ratio (OR) of men with anemia was 11.28 (95%confidence interval (CI):1.94-65.54) and 19.56 (95%CI: 2.98-128.78) compared to those with normal Hb after adjusting for potential cofounders. No such association was found in women. The area under the curve was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.82-0.96) in predicting osteoporosis using the logistic model in men. Linear discriminant analysis also showed that 90.7% of osteoporosis was correctly classified. Our data show that anemia is associated with incident of osteoporosis in men but not in women that environmentally exposed to Pb and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yihuai Liang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 150 Dongan road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Taiyi Jin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 150 Dongan road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Li G, Xiong C, Xu W, Mei R, Cheng T, Yu X. Factors Affecting the Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead Concentrations in the Knee Joint Structures. Front Public Health 2022; 9:758074. [PMID: 35004576 PMCID: PMC8733152 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.758074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Toxic elements, such as aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), are persistent environmental pollutants that can cause adverse effects on the health of exposed individuals. Bone is one of the primary target organs of accumulation and potential damage from toxic elements. Objectives: This study was performed to determine the Al, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the femoral cancellous bone, femoral cartilage, anterior cruciate ligament, meniscus, tibial cartilage, tibial cancellous bone and infrapatellar fat pad. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationships between toxic element concentrations and related factors such as gender, age, place of residence, hypertension and diabetes, and to determine the correlations among these toxic elements in knee joint structures. Methods: The samples used this study were collected from 51 patients following total knee arthroplasty. The Al, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry. Results: Significant differences were found in the Al, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations among the knee joint structures. Cd concentration in the tibial cancellous bone in women was significantly higher than in men. Pb concentration in the infrapatellar fat pad of urban patients was significantly higher as compared to rural patients. Al concentrations in the femoral cancellous bone, femoral cartilage, anterior cruciate ligament, meniscus and tibial cartilage were significantly higher in patients living in urban areas than in rural areas. As concentration in the tibial cancellous bone of diabetic patients was significantly higher compared to non-diabetic patients. In addition, significant Spearman's positive correlations were found between Al and Pb in the knee joint structures. Conclusion: The obtained results of the investigated toxic elements may serve as a basis for establishing the reference values of Al, As, Cd, and Pb in the knee joint structures. The results reported in the study provides novel data regarding the relationships between the toxic element concentrations and gender, age, place of residence, hypertension and diabetes in the studied structures of knee joint. Furthermore, new interactions among these toxic elements were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunfeng Xiong
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yichun People's Hospital, Yichun, China
| | - Runhong Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Immunomodulation by heavy metals as a contributing factor to inflammatory diseases and autoimmune reactions: Cadmium as an example. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:106-122. [PMID: 34688722 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) represents a unique hazard because of the long biological half-life in humans (20-30 years). This metal accumulates in organs causing a continuum of responses, with organ disease/failure as extreme outcome. Some of the cellular and molecular alterations in target tissues can be related to immune-modulating potential of Cd. This metal may cause adverse responses in which components of the immune system function as both mediators and effectors of Cd tissue toxicity, which, in combination with Cd-induced alterations in homeostatic reparative activities may contribute to tissue dysfunction. In this work, current knowledge concerning inflammatory/autoimmune disease manifestations found to be related with cadmium exposure are summarized. Along with epidemiological evidence, animal and in vitro data are presented, with focus on cellular and molecular immune mechanisms potentially relevant for the disease susceptibility, disease promotion, or facilitating development of pre-existing pathologies.
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12
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Jia X, Liu T, Ma Y, Wu K. Construction of cadmium whole-cell biosensors and circuit amplification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5689-5699. [PMID: 34160647 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the prevalence of cadmium contamination and its serious hazards, it is important to establish an efficient and low-cost monitoring technique for the detection of the heavy metal cadmium. In this study, we first designed 30 cadmium whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) using different combinations of detection elements, reporting elements, and the host. The best performing WCB KT-5-R with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as the host and composed of CadR and mCherry was selected for further analysis and engineering. In order to enhance its sensitivity, a positive feedback amplifier was added or the gene dosage of the reporter gene was increased. The WCB with the T7RNAP amplification module, p2T7RNAPmut-68, had the best performance and improved tolerance to cadmium with a detection limit of 0.01 μM, which is the WHO standard. It also showed excellent specificity toward cadmium when assayed with mixed metal ions. This study demonstrated the power of circuit engineering in WCB design and provided valuable insights for the development of other WCBs. KEY POINTS: • KT-5-R was selected after prescreening and engineered for better performance. • Using multi-copy reporters and the T7RNAP amplifier greatly improved the performance. • p2T7RNAPmut-68 had a detection limit of 0.01 μM and improved tolerance to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Jia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
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Luo H, Song B, Xiong G, Zhang B, Zuo Z, Zhou Z, Chang X. Cadmium inhibits neural stem/progenitor cells proliferation via MitoROS-dependent AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1998-2010. [PMID: 33977565 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely found in the environment. Cd is also a potential neurotoxicant, and its exposure is associated with impairment of cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Cd induces neurotoxicity are unclear. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of Cd on primary murine neural stem/progenitor cells (mNS/PCs) isolated from the subventricular zone. Our results show that Cd exposure leads to mNS/PCs G1/S arrest, promotes cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation. In addition, Cd increases intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates mitochondrial oxidative stress, decreases ATP production, and increases mitochondrial proton leak and glycolysis rate in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Cd exposure decreases phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) in mNS/PCs. In addition, pretreatment mNS/PCs with MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, improves mitochondrial morphology and functions and attenuates Cd-induced inhibition of mNS/PCs proliferation. It also effectively reverses Cd-induced changes of phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of β-catenin and its downstream genes. Taken together, our data suggested that AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in Cd-induced mNS/PCs proliferation inhibition via MitoROS-dependent pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiya Xiong
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzi Zuo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Li D, Lin H, Zhang M, Meng J, Hu L, Yu B. Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:648902. [PMID: 33937289 PMCID: PMC8085254 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.648902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As society ages, the incidence of osteoporosis increases. In several studies, cadmium (Cd) is thought to be related to osteoporosis. However, there are conflicting reports about the relationship between Cd and the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the relationship between Cd and osteoporosis and osteopenia. Methods: Through a review of the literature, articles published in PubMed as of December 2020 were identified and the references of related publications and reviews were reviewed. Ultimately, 17 eligible articles were selected to determine the relationship between blood and urine Cd concentrations for the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia. In this study, we performed a classification analysis, heterogeneity test, subgroup analysis, and evaluated publication bias. Results: A total of 17 studies were included, including seven on blood Cd and 10 on urine Cd. By combining the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the lowest and highest categories, the odds ratio of blood Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.21 (95% CI: 0.84–1.58) and that of urine Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.80 (95% CI: 1.42–2.18), and the results of the subgroup analysis were also consistent. Conclusions: Our research indicates that while urine cadmium (Cd) concentration may be related to increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia, blood Cd concentration may not. Therefore, compared to blood Cd concentration, urine Cd concentration may be more reliable as a risk factor for osteoporosis and osteopenia. This result should be interpreted with caution. Currently. research on the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia is limited, thus, further large, high-quality prospective studies are required to elucidate the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- The Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HaoJie Lin
- Jinan Blood Supply and Security Center, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - LiYou Hu
- The Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Ma Y, Ran D, Cao Y, Zhao H, Song R, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Bian J, Zhu J, Liu Z. The effect of P2X7 on cadmium-induced osteoporosis in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124251. [PMID: 33168313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental pollutant, induces osteoporosis by directly destroying bone tissue, but its direct damaging effect on bone cells is not fully illustrated. Here, we treated mouse bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) and bone marrow macrophages (BMM) with Cd, and gave BALB/c mice Cd in water. Long-term Cd exposure significantly inhibited BMSC osteogenesis and osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and induced osteoporosis in vivo. Cd exposure also reduced P2X7 expression dramatically. However, P2X7 deletion significantly inhibited osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation; P2X7 overexpression obviously reduced the suppression effect of Cd on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. The suppression of P2X7-PI3K-AKT signaling aggravated the effect of Cd. In mice, short-term Cd exposure did not result in osteoporosis, but bone formation was inhibited, RANKL expression was increased, and osteoclasts were significantly increased in vivo. In vitro, short-term Cd exposure not only increased osteoclast numbers, but also promoted osteoclast adhesion function at late-stage osteoclast differentiation. Cd exposure also reduced P2X7 expression in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that short-term Cd exposure does not affect osteoblast and osteoclast apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, but long-term Cd exposure significantly increases bone tissue apoptosis. Overall, our results describe a novel mechanism for Cd-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Di Ran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu, PR China.
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Wallin M, Barregard L, Sallsten G, Lundh T, Sundh D, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D. Low-level cadmium exposure is associated with decreased cortical thickness, cortical area and trabecular bone volume fraction in elderly men: The MrOS Sweden study. Bone 2021; 143:115768. [PMID: 33232837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that high-level exposure to cadmium can cause bone disease such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia and fractures. However, the effect of low-level exposure, as found in the general population (mainly derived from diet and smoking), has only been assessed recently. The aim of this study was to examine if cadmium exposure in the general Swedish population causes other bone changes than decreased areal bone mineral density as measured by traditional DXA technology, e.g. changes in microstructure and geometry, such as cortical thickness or area, cortical porosity and trabecular bone volume. The study population consisted of 444 men, aged 70-81 years at inclusion year 2002-2004, from the Swedish cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). Cadmium was analyzed in baseline urine samples (U-Cd). Different parameters of bone geometry and microstructure were measured at the distal tibia at follow-up in 2009, including examination with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Associations between bone parameters and U-Cd in tertiles were estimated in multivariable analyses, including potential confounding factors (age, smoking, BMI, and physical activity). We found significant associations between U-Cd and several bone geometry or microstructure parameters, with 9% lower cortical thickness (p = 0.03), 7% lower cortical area (p = 0.04), and 5% lower trabecular bone volume fraction (p = 0.02) in the third tertile of U-Cd, using the first tertile as the reference. Furthermore, significant negative associations were found between log-transformed U-Cd and cortical thickness, cortical area, trabecular number and trabecular bone volume fraction, and a significant positive association with trabecular separation. The results indicate that low-level Cd exposure in the general population has negative effects on both cortical and trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lars Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sundh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Geriatric Medicine Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Amuno S, Shekh K, Kodzhahinchev V, Niyogi S, Al Kaissi A. Skeletal pathology and bone mineral density changes in wild muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) inhabiting arsenic polluted areas of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (Canada): A radiographic densitometry study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111721. [PMID: 33396052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The City of Yellowknife is a known hotspot of arsenic contamination and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that local wildlife in the vicinity of the abandoned Giant Mine site may be at risk of decreased bone mineralization and various bone disorders. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily measure bone mineral density (BMD) changes and investigate the incidence, pattern, and severity of bone lesions in wild muskrats and red squirrels breeding in three (3) catchment areas at different distances from the Giant Mine Site in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (Canada): ~2 km (location 1), ~18 km (location 2), and ~40-100 km (location 3). Full femoral bones of 15 muskrats and 15 red squirrels were collected from the three sampling locations (5 from each location) and subjected to radiographic analysis and densitometric measurements. The patterns and severities of bone lesions, including changes in bone mineral density, were evaluated and compared between groups. As levels were significantly higher in the bones of muskrats caught from location 1 and 2, relative to location 3. Further, As and Cd levels were significantly higher in the bones of squirrels caught from locations 1 and 2 relative to squirrels caught from location 3. The preliminary results from bones revealed that radiographic abnormalities such as bone rarefaction, osteopenia, and thinning of the femoral shafts with significant ossific cystic lesions and bowing were the most common skeletal pathologies found in bones of red squirrels from the three locations. Radiographic appearances of massive sclerosis and dysplasia, including severe osteocondensation and osteopathia striata-like abnormalities, were found in the bones of muskrats from all the sampling locations. Densitometric evaluation showed no significant differences between the three locations in the bone parameters measured. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between As content in the bones of muskrats and percent fat content in the femur samples, which suggests that accumulation of As could have been a causal factor for a change in percent fat in femurs of muskrats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amuno
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - K Shekh
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - V Kodzhahinchev
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - A Al Kaissi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and, AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria and Orthopedic Hospital of Speising, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Leconte S, Rousselle C, Bodin L, Clinard F, Carne G. Refinement of health-based guidance values for cadmium in the French population based on modelling. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:43-51. [PMID: 33440227 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In France, part of the population is overexposed to cadmium by the diet. In our work, we first revised the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.36 μg Cd.kg bw.d.-1 proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), derived from effects on kidneys and based on the critical urinary Cd concentration of 1.0 μg Cd.g-1 creatinine for humans. After reviewing the epidemiological data on Cd toxicity published after 2011, bone effects were selected as the critical effects. Body burden data of 0.5 μg.g-1 creatinine was chosen for the critical threshold for human urinary cadmium concentrations. To be used for the derivation of the new oral toxicological reference value, we used a modified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK). The reverse calculation on the PBPK model gave a TDI of 0.35 μg Cd.kg bw-1.day-1. This TDI is compatible with a urinary Cd concentrations not exceeding 0.5 μg Cd.g-1 creatinine, in a 60 year-old adult, assuming that ingestion is the only source of exposure to Cd at 60 years. After implementing the PBPK model with French physiological data, Cd biological reference values as a function of age were modelled so as to remain below the revised health-based guidance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Leconte
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
| | - Christophe Rousselle
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Bodin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - François Clinard
- Sante publique France - National Public Health Agency (ANSP) - Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regional Unit, France
| | - Géraldine Carne
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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Galvez-Fernandez M, Grau-Perez M, Garcia-Barrera T, Ramirez-Acosta S, Gomez-Ariza JL, Perez-Gomez B, Galan-Labaca I, Navas-Acien A, Redon J, Briongos-Figuero LS, Dueñas-Laita A, Perez-Castrillon JL, Tellez-Plaza M, Martin-Escudero JC. Arsenic, cadmium, and selenium exposures and bone mineral density-related endpoints: The HORTEGA study. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:392-400. [PMID: 33137469 PMCID: PMC9019194 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Experimental data suggest that trace elements, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and selenium (Se) can influence the bone remodeling process. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between As, Cd, and Se biomarkers with bone mineral density (BMD) measured at the calcaneus, in a representative sample of a general population from Spain. As secondary analyses we evaluated the associations of interest in subgroups defined by well-established BMD determinants, and also conducted prospective analysis of osteoporosis-related incident bone fractures restricted to participants older than 50 years-old. METHODS In N = 1365 Hortega Study participants >20 years-old, urine As and Cd were measured by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS); plasma Se was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with graphite furnace; and BMD at the calcaneus was measured using the Peripheral Instaneuous X-ray Imaging system (PIXI). As levels were corrected for arsenobetaine (Asb) to account for inorganic As exposure. RESULTS The median of total urine As, Asb-corrected urine As, urine Cd, and plasma Se was 61.3, 6.53 and 0.39 μg/g creatinine, and 84.9 μg/L, respectively. In cross-sectional analysis, urine As and Cd were not associated with reduced BMD (T-score < -1 SD). We observed a non-linear dose-response of Se and reduced BMD, showing an inverse association below ~105 μg/L, which became increasingly positive above ~105 μg/L. The evaluated subgroups did not show differential associations. In prospective analysis, while we also observed a U-shape dose-response of Se with the incidence of osteoporosis-related bone fractures, the positive association above ~105 μg/L was markedly stronger, compared to the cross-sectional analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that Se, but not As and Cd, was associated to BMD-related disease. The association of Se and BMD-related disease was non-linear, including a strong positive association with osteoporosis-related bone fractures risk at the higher Se exposure range. Considering the substantial burden of bone loss in elderly populations, additional large prospective studies are needed to confirm the relevance of our findings to bone loss prevention in the population depending on Se exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galvez-Fernandez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Avenida de Orellana, 28914, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Area of Renal Risk and Cardiometabolic Disease, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinic de Valencia (INCLIVA), Avinguda de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Calle Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamara Garcia-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Sara Ramirez-Acosta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jose L Gomez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 21007, Huelva, Spain
| | - Beatriz Perez-Gomez
- Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Galan-Labaca
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W, 168th Street, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Josep Redon
- Area of Renal Risk and Cardiometabolic Disease, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinic de Valencia (INCLIVA), Avinguda de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laisa S Briongos-Figuero
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Toxicology, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012, Valladolid. University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Dueñas-Laita
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Toxicology, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012, Valladolid. University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Perez-Castrillon
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Toxicology, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012, Valladolid. University of Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Microbiology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Area of Renal Risk and Cardiometabolic Disease, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinic de Valencia (INCLIVA), Avinguda de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Martin-Escudero
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Toxicology, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina, 2, 47012, Valladolid. University of Valladolid, Spain
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Wako Y, Hiratsuka H, Kurotaki T, Tsuchitani M, Umemura T. Relationship between osteoid formation and iron deposition induced by chronic cadmium exposure in ovariectomized rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1304-1315. [PMID: 33283302 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Itai-itai (Japanese, "It hurts! It hurts!") disease (IID), a form of osteomalacia, can be induced in ovariectomized rats by long-term administration of cadmium (Cd). This IID rat model shows severe anemia, severe nephropathy, and osteomalacia accompanied by iron (Fe) deposition at the mineralization front. We characterized the pathogenesis of Cd-induced bone lesions by investigating the relationship between Fe deposition and osteoid tissue formation in ovariectomized rats. The rats were injected with CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg) for 70 weeks, with or without co-injection of erythropoietin (EPO) for varying lengths of time to elucidate whether EPO prevents and/or cures anemia, and, with the restoration from anemia, lessens the osteoid tissue formation. Necropsies were performed at 25, 50, or 70 weeks. Fe deposition at the mineralization front of bone was found at 50 weeks and increased thereafter. Animals injected with EPO showed decreased Fe deposition, although there was no relation between EPO administration and osteoid formation in the femur. Because the increase in bone lesion severity was independent of the amount of Fe deposition, we suggest that Fe deposition is not involved in the etiology of Cd-induced femoral bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Wako
- Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan.,Kumamoto Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hiratsuka
- Head Office for Open Innovation Strategy, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Kurotaki
- Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuchitani
- Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Dal Ulutas A, Turgut Cosan D, Mutlu F. Protective and curative role of vitamin D and hormones on the cadmium-induced inhibition of proliferation of human osteoblast cells. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:995-1000. [PMID: 33185573 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Exposure to cadmium (Cd), which causes environmental and industrial pollution, causes toxicity in many tissues and organs, especially bone, lung and kidney. Hormones, growth factors and other stimuli act on bone tissue through osteoblasts. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of Cd on hFOB1.19 osteoblast cells and the protective and healing potentials of estrogen, androgen and vitamin D against the inhibitory effect of Cd on the proliferation. Methods hFOB1.19 cells were cultivated in our laboratory using Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-F12, HEPES medium, containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin in 34.5 °C 5%CO2 incubator. To determine its protective potentials for the toxicity of CdCl2, it was previously applied 1,25(OH) 2D vitamin, 17β-estradiol, and 5α-androstane for 72 h to cells. To determine their curative potential, osteoblast cells, which were previously exposed to CdCl2 for 72 h, were administered 1,25(OH) 2D vitamin, 17β-estradiol, and 5α-androstane. Following these applications were determined proliferation by XTT analysis and, the amounts of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, vitamin D receptor, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin by ELISA analysis. Results Vitamin D has been both preventive and curative effective to increase cell proliferation, which Cd reduces. Interestingly, estrogen had a preventive effect and androgen had a curative effect. Conclusions In addition to showing the negative effects of cadmium on the proliferation of osteoblast cells, this study provides an overview of the effects of hormone and vitamin D applications before and after Cd, and these results may serve as a guide for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Dal Ulutas
- Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Biosafety, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Didem Turgut Cosan
- Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fezan Mutlu
- Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Cadmium exposure negatively affects the microarchitecture of trabecular bone and decreases the density of a subset of sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the developing rat femur. Biometals 2020; 34:87-96. [PMID: 33145678 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to the skeletal system resulting in bone loss and pain. We aimed at determining the effect of chronic Cd exposure on bone density and microarchitecture along with changes in the density of a subset of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the developing rat femur. Newborn male Wistar rats were injected daily for 49 days with CdCl2 (1 mg/kg i.p.) or saline solution (control group). At the day of sacrifice, levels of Cd in the right femur, liver and kidney were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Additionally, microCT followed by immunohistochemical analyses were performed in the left femur. Results showed Cd accumulation in trabecular bone neared levels seen in liver and kidney. Cd concentration in cortical bone was significantly lower versus trabecular bone. MicroCT analysis revealed that Cd-exposed rats had a significant decrease in trabecular bone parameters at the distal femoral metaphysis; however, most of the cortical bone parameters were not significantly affected. Cd-exposed rats showed a significant loss of TH+ sympathetic nerve fibers, but not of CGRP+ sensory nerve fibers, at the level of bone marrow of the femoral diaphysis as compared to control rats. This study shows that Cd negatively affects bone density and microarchitecture of trabecular bone and decreases the density of sympathetic nerve fibers innervating rat femur. Future studies are warranted to determine the toxigenic mechanisms of Cd on sympathetic nerves and how sympathetic denervation influences bone loss in animals exposed to Cd.
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Zhang S, Sun L, Zhang J, Liu S, Han J, Liu Y. Adverse Impact of Heavy Metals on Bone Cells and Bone Metabolism Dependently and Independently through Anemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000383. [PMID: 33042736 PMCID: PMC7539179 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence is revealing that heavy metals can incur disordered bone homeostasis, leading to the development of degenerative bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, degenerative disk disease, and osteomalacia. Meanwhile, heavy metal-induced anemia has been found to be intertwined with degenerative bone diseases. However, the relationship and interplay among these adverse outcomes remain elusive. Thus, it is of importance to shed light on the modes of action (MOAs) and adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) responsible for degenerative bone diseases and anemia under exposure to heavy metals. In the current Review, the epidemiological and experimental findings are recapitulated to interrogate the contributions of heavy metals to degenerative bone disease development which may be attributable dependently and independently to anemia. A few likely mechanisms are postulated for anemia-independent degenerative bone diseases, including dysregulated osteogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, imbalanced bone formation and resorption, and disturbed homeostasis of essential trace elements. By contrast, remodeled bone microarchitecture, inhibited erythropoietin production, and disordered iron homeostasis are speculated to account for anemia-associated degenerative bone disorders upon heavy metal exposure. Together, this Review aims to elaborate available literature to fill in the knowledge gaps in understanding the detrimental effects of heavy metals on bone cells and bone homeostasis through different perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250014China
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong250062China
| | - Li Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250014China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250014China
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong250062China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology CentreShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong250062China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100035China
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Liu H, Wang Y, Ren Z, Ji X, Peprah FA, Zhang X, Dai S, Zhou Y, Gu J, Shi H. Dietary cadmium exposure causes elevation of blood ApoE with triglyceride level in mice. Biometals 2020; 33:241-254. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Prada D, López G, Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Garcia-Cuellar C, Baccarelli AA. Molecular and cellular mechanisms linking air pollution and bone damage. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109465. [PMID: 32305664 PMCID: PMC7430176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the second most important risk factor associated with noncommunicable diseases after smoking. The effects of pollution on health are commonly attributable to particulate matter (PM), a complex mixture of particles suspended in the air. PM can penetrate the lower respiratory tract and has harmful direct and indirect effects on different organs and tissues. Direct effects are caused by the ability of PM components to cross the respiratory membrane and enter the bloodstream; indirect effects are systemic consequences of the local airway response. Recent work suggests that PM is an independent risk factor for low bone mineral density and osteoporosis-related fractures. Osteoporosis is a common age-related disease closely linked to bone fractures, with severe clinical consequences affecting quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms behind the association between outdoor air pollution, especially PM, and bone damage. The discussion features four main mechanisms: 1) several different atmospheric pollutants can induce low-grade systemic inflammation, which affects bone metabolism through a specific effect of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function; 2) some pollutants, particularly certain gas and metal compounds, can cause oxidative damage in the airway and bone cells; 3) different groups of pollutants can act as endocrine disruptors when binding to the receptors in bone cells, changing their functioning; and 4) air pollution can directly and indirectly cause vitamin D deficiency. Characterizing these mechanisms will better define the physiopathology of bone damage, and recognizing air pollution as a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis will inform environmental policies. Such knowledge will also guide the prevention of fractures due to fragility and help reduce health-related costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diddier Prada
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, 10032, USA; Unit for Biomedical Research in Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Gerard López
- Program of Support and Promotion of Research (AFINES), School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Department of Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
| | - Helena Solleiro-Villavicencio
- Program of Support and Promotion of Research (AFINES), School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Garcia-Cuellar
- Unit for Biomedical Research in Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, 10032, USA.
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High incidence of brain and other nervous system cancer identified in two mining counties, 2001-2015. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2020; 32:100320. [PMID: 32007285 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2019.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two counties in Montana, Deer Lodge and Silver Bow (DL/SB), have two Superfund sites, as well as an active copper and molybdenum mine in SB. The population living in proximity to these sites are exposed to additional metals and some have been shown to be neurotoxic, especially for children; thus, this study focused on the incidence of brain and other nervous system cancers. The Montana Central Tumor Registry data was used to identify the cases in DL/SB and the remaining 54 counties of Montana (comparison group). After controlling for sex, cancer stage, and year of diagnosis, we found an incidence rate ratio for DL/SB versus comparison group of 6.28 (95% CI: 2.32-17.02) for children ages birth to 4 years, and 3.95 (95% CI: 1.66-9.38) for adults age 30-34 years. The high incidence rate of the brain cancer in the two age groups requires public health action.
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27
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Hussey MR, Burt A, Deyssenroth MA, Jackson BP, Hao K, Peng S, Chen J, Marsit CJ, Everson TM. Placental lncRNA expression associated with placental cadmium concentrations and birth weight. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2020; 6:dvaa003. [PMID: 32411397 PMCID: PMC7211362 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal exposures, such as cadmium, can have negative effects on infant birth weight (BW)-among other developmental outcomes-with placental dysfunction potentially playing a role in these effects. In this study, we examined how differential placental expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be associated with cadmium levels in placenta and whether differences in the expression of those lncRNAs were associated with fetal growth. In the Rhode Island Child Health Study, we used data from Illumina HiSeq whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (n = 199) to examine association between lncRNA expression and measures of infant BW as well as placental cadmium concentrations controlled for appropriate covariates. Of the 1191 lncRNAs sequenced, 46 demonstrated associations (q < 0.05) with BW in models controlling for infant sex, maternal age, BMI, maternal education, and smoking during pregnancy. Furthermore, four of these transcripts were associated with placental cadmium concentrations, with MIR22HG and ERVH48-1 demonstrating increases in expression associated with increasing cadmium exposure and elevated odds of small for gestational age birth, while AC114763.2 and LINC02595 demonstrated reduced expression associated with cadmium, but elevated odds of large for gestational age birth with increasing expression. We identified relationships between lncRNA expression with both placental cadmium concentrations and BW. This study provides evidence that disrupted placental expression of lncRNAs may be a part of cadmium's mechanisms of reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hussey
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maya A Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd M Everson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Knani L, Venditti M, Kechiche S, Banni M, Messaoudi I, Minucci S. Melatonin protects bone against cadmium-induced toxicity via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:237-245. [PMID: 31809235 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1701595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic for health due to it accumulation in several tissues including bone. Since melatonin (MLT) favors new bone formation through several pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, here we assessed whether MLT has a protective role against Cd induced toxicity in the rat bone tissue. Adult male Wistar rats receiving 50 mg CdCl2/L and/or 3 mg/L MLT were used and were sacrificed 30 days after the treatment. Femurs and plasma were collected and analyzed by various biochemicals, molecular and histological investigation. The results showed that Cd exposure induced bone disorder characterized by histopathological alterations, a decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and plasmatic concentration of osteocalcin. Moreover, also the expression levels of some osteogenic-related genes (Runx2, Ocn and Alp) were down-regulated after Cd treatment. Since mechanistically Cd toxicity reduced the Kinase activity of GSK3β and protein levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin, we observed that MLT administration significantly ameliorated the toxic effects induced by the metal. Our findings provide clues about a potential protective effect of MLT against Cd-induced bone metabolism destruction and that the protection was partially mediated via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Knani
- LR11ES41: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Massimo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Safa Kechiche
- LR11ES41: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- UR13AGR08: Biochimie et Ecotoxicologie, ISA Chott-Mariem, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- LR11ES41: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate "F. Bottazzi", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
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Reyes-Hinojosa D, Lozada-Pérez CA, Zamudio Cuevas Y, López-Reyes A, Martínez-Nava G, Fernández-Torres J, Olivos-Meza A, Landa-Solis C, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Rojas Del Castillo E, Martínez-Flores K. Toxicity of cadmium in musculoskeletal diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103219. [PMID: 31494513 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported that exposure to toxic metals like cadmium (Cd) may promote the development of musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA), among others. The objective of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress activated by Cd at the bone level, particularly in osteoporosis, RA, and OA. Cadmium can increase bone resorption, affect the activity of osteoclasts and calcium (Ca) absorption, and impair kidney function, which favors the development of osteoporosis. In the case of RA, Cd interferes with the activity of antioxidant proteins, like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). It also promotes an inflammatory state, inducing the process of citrullination, which affects the proteins of immune response. On the other hand, accumulation of Cd in the tissues and blood of smokers has been related to the development of some musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, knowing the negative impact of Cd toxicity at the articular level can help understand the damage mechanisms it produces, leading to the development of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reyes-Hinojosa
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C A Lozada-Pérez
- Rheumatology Service, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Y Zamudio Cuevas
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A López-Reyes
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Martínez-Nava
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Fernández-Torres
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Olivos-Meza
- Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Service, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Landa-Solis
- Tissue Engineering Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M C Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research, UNAM, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Rojas Del Castillo
- Departament of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Biomedical Research, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Martínez-Flores
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, C.P. 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Suljevic D, Corbic A, Islamagic E, Focak M, Filipic F, Alijagic A. Impairments of bone marrow hematopoietic cells followed by the sever erythrocyte damage and necrotic liver as the outcome of chronic in vivo exposure to cadmium: novel insights from quails. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103250. [PMID: 31521044 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal classified as an environmental hazard, and its toxicity is subject to extensive research. Japanese quails were exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) ad libitum for 20 days. Bone marrow, peripheral blood and liver were analyzed following the exposure. Moreover, we have provided the very first explanation of hematopoietic lines in Japanese quail. Following CdCl2 exposure, changes in the number, size and morphology of blood cells were observed in both peripheral blood and bone marrow. Alterations included severe erythrocyte damage, monocytosis and lymphopenia. In the liver of Cd-exposed animals we observed necrotic cells, absence of hematopoietic regions and cytogenetic changes of hepatocytes. Alterations in the bone marrow were also noted, as well as giant phagocytic cells, most likely macrophages. In vivo, CdCl2 exposure caused swift and destructive changes in the hematopoietic niche, liver and other tissues responsible for the detoxification cycle of cadmium and its compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljevic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Anida Corbic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Erna Islamagic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Muhamed Focak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Filip Filipic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Buha A, Jugdaohsingh R, Matovic V, Bulat Z, Antonijevic B, Kerns JG, Goodship A, Hart A, Powell JJ. Bone mineral health is sensitively related to environmental cadmium exposure- experimental and human data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108539. [PMID: 31247431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is recognised as one of the risk factors for osteoporosis, although critical exposure levels and exact mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we first confirmed that in male Wistar rats challenged orally with 6 different levels of Cd (0.3-10 mg/kg b.w.), over 28 days, there was a direct dose relationship to bone Cd concentration. Moreover, bone mineral content was significantly diminished by ∼15% (p < 0.0001) plateauing already at the lowest exposure level. For the other essential bone elements zinc (Zn) loss was most marked. Having established the sensitive metrics (measures of Cd exposure), we then applied them to 20 randomly selected human femoral head bone samples from 16 independent subjects. Bone Cd concentration was inversely proportional to trabecular bone mineral density and mineral (calcium) content and Zn content of bone, but not the donor's age. Our findings, through direct bone analyses, support the emerging epidemiological view that bone health, adjudged by mineral density, is extremely sensitive to even background levels of environmental Cd. Importantly, however, our data also suggest that Cd may play an even greater role in compromised bone health than prior indirect estimates of exposure could reveal. Environmental Cd may be a substantially determining factor in osteoporosis and large cohort studies with direct bone analyses are now merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Vesna Matovic
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jemma G Kerns
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Allen Goodship
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science UCL, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Alister Hart
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science UCL, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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Browar AW, Leavitt LL, Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR. Levels of Cadmium in Human Mandibular Bone. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020031. [PMID: 31167416 PMCID: PMC6630888 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant that accumulates in bone and alters bone turnover and metabolism. Periodontal disease is characterized by tooth loss and tissue destruction, specifically, loss of supporting bone around the teeth. We have previously shown that Cd causes loss of dental alveolar (tooth supporting) bone in a rodent model of long-term Cd poisoning. The overall goal of this study was to determine the possible association between levels of Cd in alveolar bone and evidence of periodontal disease in human cadavers. The extent of Cd accumulation in human mandible samples was analyzed. Levels of Cd in mandibular alveolar bone were compared to those in basal bone as well as the renal cortex in samples obtained from the cadavers. Alveolar bone contained significantly higher levels of Cd when compared to basal bone (p < 0.01). Cd levels in mandibular bone were significantly higher in female compared to male cadavers (p < 0.05). The kidney cortex had greater than 15-fold higher Cd levels compared to mandible bone. Additional analyses showed a possible association between levels of Cd in basal bone and the presence of periodontal disease in cadavers from which the samples were obtained. This study shows that Cd accumulates to relatively high levels within alveolar bone as compared to basal bone in the mandible and thus may have a significant and direct effect in the progression of changes in bone associated with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Browar
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Science Hall, Room 211-J, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Landon L Leavitt
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Science Hall, Room 211-J, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Walter C Prozialeck
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Joshua R Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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Lv YJ, Wei QZ, Zhang YC, Huang R, Li BS, Tan JB, Wang J, Ling HT, Wu SX, Yang XF. Low-dose cadmium exposure acts on rat mesenchymal stem cells via RANKL/OPG and downregulate osteogenic differentiation genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:620-628. [PMID: 30933759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a significant health concern, and the mechanism of long-term low-dose Cd exposure on bone has not been fully elucidated till date. This study aimed to assess the association between rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and long-term Cd exposure through 38-week intake of CdCl2 at 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight (bw). Increased gene expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and decreased gene expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) were observed. Fold change of RANKL gene expression (fold change = 1.97) and OPG gene expression (fold change = 1.72) showed statistically significant differences at dose 2 mg/kg bw. Decreased expression of key genes was observed during the early osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The gene expression of Osterix in 1 mg/kg bw group was decreased by 3.70-fold, and the gene expressions of Osterix, Osteopontin, collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1a2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in 2 mg/kg bw group were decreased by 1.79, 1.67, 1.45 and 1.35-folds, respectively. Exposure to CdCl2 induced an increase in the renal Cd load, but only an adaptive response was observed, including increased expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3B and Beclin-1, autophagy receptor p62, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is an inducible isoform that releases in response to stress. There were no significant changes in the urinary low molecular weight proteins including N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin and albumin (U-Alb). Urinary calcium (Ca) excretion showed no increase, and no obvious renal histological changes. Taken together, these results indicated that the chronic CdCl2 exposure directly act on MSCs through RANKL/OPG pathway and downregulate the key genes involved in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The toxic effect of Cd on bone may occur in parallel to nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin-Zhi Wei
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang-Cong Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bai-Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Bin Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Tuan Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Huang X, Liu T, Zhao M, Fu H, Wang J, Xu Q. Protective Effects of Moderate Ca Supplementation against Cd-Induced Bone Damage under Different Population-Relevant Doses in Young Female Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E849. [PMID: 30991710 PMCID: PMC6521033 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimation of the skeleton-protective effects of Ca in Cd-induced bone damage is helpful in the assessment of Cd health risk. The aim of this study was to identify whether Ca supplementation during exposure to different population-relevant doses of Cd can prevent Cd-induced bone damage under the tolerable upper intake level of Ca supplementation. Young female Sprague-Dawley rats were given different population-relevant doses of Cd (1, 5, and 50 mg Cd/kg diet) and Ca supplementation (0.4% Ca supplementation) intervention. Ca supplementation significantly decreased Cd-induced bone microstructure damage, increased bone biomechanics (p < 0.05), serum bone formation marker level (p < 0.05) and expression of osteogenic gene markers exposure to the 5 and 50 mg Cd/kg diets. However, it had no impact on these indicators under the 1 mg Cd/kg diets, with the exception of expression of osteogenic marker genes. Ca supplementation significantly decreased serum Klotho level (p < 0.05), and fibroblast growth factor 23/Klotho-associated gene expression in the kidney and bone showed significant changes. In conclusion, Ca supplementation has a positive effect on bone formation and bone quality against the damaging impact of Cd, especially with exposure to the 5 mg and 50 mg Cd/kg diet, which may be related to its impact on the fibroblast growth factor 23/Klotho axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Teng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Haowei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
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Wu L, Wei Q, Lv Y, Xue J, Zhang B, Sun Q, Xiao T, Huang R, Wang P, Dai X, Xia H, Li J, Yang X, Liu Q. Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Is Involved in Cadmium-Induced Inhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061519. [PMID: 30917596 PMCID: PMC6471709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a common environmental pollutant that causes bone damage. However, the effects of cadmium on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and its mechanism of action in this process are unclear. Here, we determined the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) on the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs and the potential mechanism involved in this process. As determined in the present investigation, CdCl₂, in a concentration-dependent manner, affected the viability of BMMSCs and their cytoskeletons. Exposure to 0.1 or 0.2 µM CdCl₂ inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, which was reflected in the down-regulation of osteoblast-related genes (ALP, OCN, Runx2, OSX, and OPN); in suppression of the protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2); and in decreased ALP activity and capacity for mineralization. Moreover, mRNA microarray was performed to determine the roles of these factors in BMMSCs treated with CdCl₂ in comparison to control BMMSCs. As determined with the microarrays, the Wingless-type (Wnt), mothers against decapentaplegic and the C. elegans gene Sam (SMAD), and Janus kinase-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathways were involved in the effects caused by CdCl₂. Moreover, during differentiation, the protein levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), and T-cell factor 1 (TCF1) were reduced by CdCl₂. The current research shows that CdCl₂ suppresses the osteogenesis of BMMSCs via inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results establish a previously unknown mechanism for bone injury induced by CdCl₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Qinzhi Wei
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yingjian Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Malin Igra A, Vahter M, Raqib R, Kippler M. Early-Life Cadmium Exposure and Bone-Related Biomarkers: A Longitudinal Study in Children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:37003. [PMID: 30848671 PMCID: PMC6768315 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cadmium exposure has been associated with osteotoxicity in adults, but little is known concerning its effects on early growth, which has been shown to be impaired by cadmium. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the impact of early-life cadmium exposure on bone-related biomarkers and anthropometry at 9 y of age. METHODS For 504 children in a mother-child cohort in Bangladesh, cadmium exposure was assessed by concentrations in urine (U-Cd, long-term exposure) and erythrocytes (Ery-Cd, ongoing exposure) at 9 and 4.5 y of age, and in their mothers during pregnancy. Biomarkers of bone remodeling [urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), urinary calcium, plasma parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, vitamin D3, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, IGF binding protein 3, thyroid stimulating hormone] were measured at 9 y of age. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted linear models, a doubling of concurrent U-Cd was associated with a mean increase in osteocalcin of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 0.042, 5.9) and in urinary DPD of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 12, 32). In a combined exposure model, a doubling of maternal Ery-Cd was associated with a mean increase in urinary DPD of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 30). Stratifying the osteocalcin model by gender ([Formula: see text] 0.001), a doubling of concurrent U-Cd was associated with a mean decrease in osteocalcin of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) in boys and a mean increase of [Formula: see text] (95% CI: 5.4, 13) in girls. The same pattern was seen with U-Cd at 4.5 y of age ([Formula: see text] 0.016). Children's U-Cd and Ery-Cd, concurrent and at 4.5 y of age, were inversely associated with vitamin D3. CONCLUSIONS Childhood cadmium exposure was associated with several bone-related biomarkers and some of the associations differed by gender. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3655.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladeshs
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Among the many anthropogenic chemicals that end up in the aquatic ecosystem, heavy metals, in particular cadmium, are hazardous compounds that have been shown to affect developmental, reproductive, hepatic, hematological, and immunological functions in teleost fish. There is also evidence that cadmium disturbs bone formation and skeletal development, but data is scarce. In this work, zebrafish was used to further characterize the anti-osteogenic/osteotoxic effects of cadmium and gain insights into underlying mechanisms. Upon exposure to cadmium, a reduction of the opercular bone growth was observed in 6-days post-fertilization (dpf) larvae and an increase in the incidence of skeletal deformities was evidenced in 20-dpf post-larvae. The extent and stiffness of newly formed bone was also affected in adult zebrafish exposed to cadmium while regenerating their caudal fin. A pathway reporter assay revealed a possible role of the MTF-1 and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways in mechanisms of cadmium osteotoxicity, while the expression of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation and matrix production was strongly reduced in cadmium-exposed post-larvae. This work not only confirmed cadmium anti-osteogenic activity and identified targeted pathways and genes, but it also suggested that cadmium may affect biomechanical properties of bone.
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Laizé V, Gavaia PJ, Tarasco M, Viegas MN, Caria J, Luis N, Cancela ML. Osteotoxicity of 3-methylcholanthrene in fish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:721-728. [PMID: 29940513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals produced by human activities end up in the aquatic ecosystem causing adverse developmental and reproductive effects in aquatic organisms. There is evidence that some anthropogenic chemicals disturb bone formation and skeletal development but the lack of suitable in vitro and in vivo systems for testing has hindered the identification of underlying mechanisms of osteotoxicity. Several fish systems - an in vitro cell system to study extracellular matrix mineralization and in vivo systems to evaluate bone formation and skeletogenesis - were combined to collect data on the osteotoxic activity of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Anti-mineralogenic effects, increased incidence of skeletal deformities and reduced bone formation and regeneration were observed in zebrafish upon exposure to 3-MC. Pathway reporter array revealed the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (Ahr2) in the mechanisms underlying 3-MC osteotoxicity in mineralogenic cell lines. Analysis of gene expression in zebrafish larvae confirmed the role of Ahr2 in the signaling of 3-MC toxicity. It also indicated a possible complementary action of the pregnane X receptor (Pxr) in the regulation of genes involved in bone cell activity and differentiation but also in xenobiotic metabolism. Data reported here demonstrated the osteotoxicity of 3-MC but also confirmed the suitability of fish systems to gain insights into the toxic mechanisms of compounds affecting skeletal and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Michael N Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana Caria
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Luis
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM) and Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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39
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Lazarus M, Orct T, Reljić S, Sedak M, Bilandžić N, Jurasović J, Huber Đ. Trace and macro elements in the femoral bone as indicators of long-term environmental exposure to toxic metals in European brown bear (Ursus arctos) from Croatia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21656-21670. [PMID: 29785603 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explored the long-term accumulation of aluminium, strontium, cadmium and lead in the compact and trabecular bone of the femoral epiphysis, metaphysis and diaphysis in 41 brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Croatia. Also, we assessed their influence on macro and trace elements (sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc and barium) in bears' bone. There were no sex differences in element levels in general, while age was associated with bone length and levels of all elements, except for cadmium. Elements had different levels depending on the part of the bone sampled. More pronounced differences were observed between the compact and trabecular regions, with higher levels of majority of elements found in compact bone. Moderate to high associations (Spearman coefficient, rS = 0.59-0.97) were confirmed between calcium and potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, cobalt, zinc, strontium and lead. Lead levels in the bone were below those known to cause adverse health effects, but in 4 of 41 animals they exceeded baseline levels for domestic animals. The femoral bone of the brown bear reflected the accumulative nature of lead and strontium well, as it did the impairment of bone-forming essential element levels associated with these two elements. However, the distribution pattern of elements along the bone was not uniform, so additional care should be taken when choosing on the part of the bone sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lazarus
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Reljić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Sedak
- Laboratory for Determination of Residues, Department for Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Bilandžić
- Laboratory for Determination of Residues, Department for Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, P.O. Box 291, HR-10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Đuro Huber
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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40
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Monteiro C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Pinho F, Bastos V, Oliveira H, Peixoto F, Santos C. Biochemical and transcriptional analyses of cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in human osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:705-717. [PMID: 29913117 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1485122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation is known to occur predominantly in kidney and liver; however, low-level long-term exposure to Cd may also result in bone damage. Few studies have addressed Cd-induced toxicity in osteoblasts, particularly upon cell mitochondrial energy processing and putative associations with oxidative stress in bone. To assess the influence of Cd treatment on mitochondrial function and oxidative status in osteoblast cells, human MG-63 cells were treated with Cd (up to 65 μM) for 24 or 48 h. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms such as total antioxidant activity (TAA) and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. In addition, Cd-induced effects on mitochondrial function were assessed by analyzing the activity of enzymes involved in mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial morphology and adenylate energy charge. Treatment with Cd increased oxidative stress, concomitantly with lipid and protein oxidation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses of antioxidant genes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione S-reductase (GSR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) exhibited a trend toward decrease in transcripts in Cd-stressed cells, particularly a downregulation of GSR. Longer treatment with Cd (48 h) resulted in energy charge states significantly below those commonly observed in living cells. Mitochondrial function was affected by ΔΨm reduction. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and citrate synthase also occurred following Cd treatment. In conclusion, Cd induced mitochondrial dysfunction which appeared to be associated with oxidative stress in human osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Monteiro
- a Department of Biology & CESAM , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- b LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Francisco Pinho
- a Department of Biology & CESAM , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Verónica Bastos
- c Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE , Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- a Department of Biology & CESAM , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- d Biology and Environment Department , Chemistry Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro , Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- c Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE , Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Browar AW, Koufos EB, Wei Y, Leavitt LL, Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR. Cadmium Exposure Disrupts Periodontal Bone in Experimental Animals: Implications for Periodontal Disease in Humans. TOXICS 2018; 6:E32. [PMID: 29899258 PMCID: PMC6027471 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant that damages the kidney, the liver, and bones. Some epidemiological studies showed associations between Cd exposure and periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Cd exposure and periodontal disease in experimental animals. Male Sprague/Dawley rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of Cd (0.6 mg/kg/day) for up to 12 weeks. The animals were euthanized, and their mandibles and maxillae were evaluated for levels of periodontal bone by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) of the molar roots. After 12 weeks of Cd exposure in animals, there was a significantly greater distance between the CEJ and ABC in the palatal aspect of the maxillary molars and the lingual aspect of the mandibular molars when compared with controls (p < 0.0001). This study shows that Cd has significant, time-dependent effects on periodontal bone in an animal model of Cd exposure. These findings support the possibility of Cd being a contributing factor to the development of periodontal disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Browar
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Illinois, 555 W. 31st St., Science Hall, 211-J, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Emily B Koufos
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Illinois, 555 W. 31st St., Science Hall, 211-J, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Yifan Wei
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Illinois, 555 W. 31st St., Science Hall, 211-J, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Landon L Leavitt
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Illinois, 555 W. 31st St., Science Hall, 211-J, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Walter C Prozialeck
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Joshua R Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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Andrulewicz-Botulińska E, Wiśniewska R, Brzóska MM, Rogalska J, Galicka A. Beneficial impact of zinc supplementation on the collagen in the bone tissue of cadmium-exposed rats. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:996-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Róża Wiśniewska
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical University of Bialystok; Kilinskiego 1 15-230 Bialystok Poland
| | - Malgorzata M. Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology; Medical University of Bialystok; Kilinskiego 1 15-230 Bialystok Poland
| | - Joanna Rogalska
- Department of Toxicology; Medical University of Bialystok; Kilinskiego 1 15-230 Bialystok Poland
| | - Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Medical University of Bialystok; Kilinskiego 1 15-230 Bialystok Poland
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Kim J, Garcia-Esquinas E, Navas-Acien A, Choi YH. Blood and urine cadmium concentrations and walking speed in middle-aged and older U.S. adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:97-104. [PMID: 28941716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Reduced physical performance is an important feature of aging, and walking speed is a valid measure of physical performance and mobility in older adults. Previous epidemiological studies suggest that cadmium exposure, even at low environmental levels, may contribute to vascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive dysfunction, which may all be associated with reductions in physical performance. To this end, we investigated the associations of blood and urine cadmium concentrations with walking speed in middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. general population. We studied U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002 who were ≥50 years of age, who had determinations of cadmium in blood or in urine, and who had measurements of the time taken to walk 20 feet. Walking speed (ft/sec) was computed as walked distance (20 ft) divided by measured time to walk (in seconds). The weighted geometric means of blood and urine cadmium were 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.52] μg/L and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.42) ng/mL, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic, anthropometric, health-related behavioral, and clinical risk factors and inflammation markers, the highest (vs. lowest) quintile of blood cadmium was associated with a 0.18 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.25) ft/sec reduction in walking speed (p-Trend <0.001). No association was observed for urine cadmium levels with walking speed. Cadmium concentrations in blood, but not in urine, were associated with slower gait speed. Our findings add to the growing volume of evidence supporting cadmium's toxicity even at low levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Moberg L, Nilsson PM, Samsioe G, Sallsten G, Barregard L, Engström G, Borgfeldt C. Increased blood cadmium levels were not associated with increased fracture risk but with increased total mortality in women: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2401-2408. [PMID: 28432383 PMCID: PMC5524859 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to investigate if high levels of blood cadmium at baseline were associated with increased fracture risk during follow-up in middle-aged women. No increased fracture risk was observed during follow-up, but women with higher levels of cadmium had an increased overall mortality. INTRODUCTION Exposure to high levels of cadmium has been associated with an increased fracture risk. The aim was to investigate a perceived association between low levels of blood cadmium (B-Cd) at baseline and risk of first incident fracture. METHODS From the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study Cardiovascular cohort, 2920 middle-aged women with available background questionnaire and B-Cd measurements were included. Women were divided into quartiles (Q) according to their cadmium levels (Cd-Q1 <0.18 μg/L, Cd-Q2 0.18-0.28 μg/L, Cd-Q3 0.28-0.51 μg/L, and Cd-Q4 >0.51 μg/L). National registries were analysed for prospective risk of fractures or death. Associations between B-Cd and fracture risk were assessed by survival analysis (Cox regression analysis). RESULTS In total, 998 first incident fractures occurred in women during a follow-up lasting 20.2 years (median) (12.5-21.2 years) (25th-75th percentile). Women in Cd-Q4 were more often current smokers than in Cd-Q1 78.4 vs. 3.3% (p < 0.001) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day correlated with B-Cd (r = 0.49; p < 0.001). The risk of fracture was not associated with baseline B-Cd in adjusted models. The hazard ratio (HR) Cd-Q4 vs. Cd-Q1 was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.27). In the multivariate Cox regression, independent variables for increased fracture risk were history of gastric ulcer and increasing age, whereas increasing body mass index (BMI) lowered fracture risk. Overall mortality was significantly higher for women with high B-Cd, HR 2.06 (95% CI 1.57-2.69). CONCLUSIONS Higher blood levels of cadmium did not increase fracture risk in middle-aged women but reduced overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - P M Nilsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G Samsioe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Sallsten
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Engström
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Borgfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
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Huang Y, He C, Shen C, Guo J, Mubeen S, Yuan J, Yang Z. Toxicity of cadmium and its health risks from leafy vegetable consumption. Food Funct 2017; 8:1373-1401. [PMID: 28232985 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal and has spread widely in the environment in recent decades. This review summarizes current knowledge about Cd contamination of leafy vegetables, its toxicity, exposure, health risks, and approaches to reducing its toxicity in humans. Leafy vegetable consumption has been identified as a dominant exposure pathway of Cd in the human body. An overview of Cd pollution in leafy vegetables as well as the main sources of Cd is given. Notable estimated daily intakes and health risks of Cd exposure through vegetable consumption for humans are revealed in occupational exposure areas and even in some reference areas. Vegetable consumption is one of the most significant sources of exposure to Cd, particularly in occupational exposure regions. Therefore, numerous approaches have been developed to minimize the accumulation of Cd in leafy vegetables, among which the breeding of Cd pollution-safe cultivars is one of the most effective tools. Furthermore, dietary supplements from leafy vegetables perform positive roles in alleviating Cd toxicity in humans with regard to the effects of essential mineral elements, vitamins and phytochemicals taken into the human body via leafy vegetable consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Scimeca M, Feola M, Romano L, Rao C, Gasbarra E, Bonanno E, Brandi ML, Tarantino U. Heavy metals accumulation affects bone microarchitecture in osteoporotic patients. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1333-1342. [PMID: 27464007 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone metabolism is affected by mechanical, genetic, and environmental factors and plays a major role in osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the influence of environmental pollution on the occurrence of osteoporosis is still unclear and controversial. In this context, heavy metals are the most important pollutants capable to affect bone mass. The aim of this study was to investigate whether heavy metals accumulation in bone tissues could be related to the altered bone metabolism and architecture of osteoporotic patients. To this end, we analyzed 25 bone head biopsies osteoporotic patients and 25 bone head biopsies of osteoarthritic patients. Moreover we enrolled 15 patients underwent hip arthroplasty for high-energy hip fracture or osteonecrosis of the femoral head as a control group. Bone head biopsies were studied by BioQuant-osteo software, scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis. We found a prevalence of lead, cadmium and chromium accumulation in osteoporotic patients. Noteworthy, high levels of sclerostin, detected by immunohistochemistry, correlate with the accumulation of heavy metal found in the bone of osteoporotic patients, suggesting a molecular link between heavy metal accumulation and bone metabolism impairment. In conclusion, the presence of heavy metals into bone shed new light on the comprehension of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis since these elements could play a non redundant role in the development of osteoporosis at cellular/molecular and epigenetic level. Nevertheless, in vivo and in vitro studies need to better elucidate the molecular mechanism in which heavy metals can participate to osteoporosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1333-1342, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Spatial Biomedicine, Italian Space Agency (ASI), via Del Politecnico Snc, Rome, 00133
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Feola
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome," "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Viale Oxford 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Romano
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome," "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Viale Oxford 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Cecilia Rao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome," "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Viale Oxford 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Gasbarra
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome," "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Viale Oxford 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- TMALab S.R.L., Spin-off of University of Tor Vergata, Department of Biomedicine and Prevenction, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome," "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Viale Oxford 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
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Zhang R, Xing L, Bao J, Sun H, Bi Y, Liu H, Li J. Selenium supplementation can protect from enhanced risk of keel bone damage in laying hens exposed to cadmium. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether selenium (Se) supplementation can provide protection from an enhanced risk of keel bone damage (KBD) in laying hens due to the cadmium (Cd) toxicity associated with sub-chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xing
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanju Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin 150030
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huo Liu
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science
- Northeast Agricultural University
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
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Remelli M, Nurchi VM, Lachowicz JI, Medici S, Zoroddu MA, Peana M. Competition between Cd(II) and other divalent transition metal ions during complex formation with amino acids, peptides, and chelating agents. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kolkesen Şahin Ö, Çina Aksoy M, Avunduk MC. Effects of resveratrol and cigarette smoking onbone healing: histomorphometric evaluation. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:1203-8. [PMID: 27513426 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1501-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) and simultaneous application of resveratrol on bone healing histomorphometrically and to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on negative effects of CS. MATERIALS AND METHODS For 4 weeks, Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to cigarette smoke at the equivalent of 6 cigarettes per day. After this period, monocortical defects were created in femurs by a trephine bur on day 28. Starting from the day of defect creation to the 28th postoperative day, rats were given 20 mg/kg body weight resveratrol. Histomorphometric examination of the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as new bone area, was conducted. RESULTS Investigations were carried out on 33 rats. Differences between osteoblast numbers in the control and CS groups were significant, and CS caused a reduction in the number of osteoblasts. Areas of new bone formation in the resveratrol and control groups were higher than in the smoking and smoking+resveratrol groups. CONCLUSION Smoking appeared to have adverse effects upon bone healing and resveratrol administration helped to reduce these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Kolkesen Şahin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Müge Çina Aksoy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cihat Avunduk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Konya, Turkey
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Romano ME, Enquobahrie DA, Simpson C, Checkoway H, Williams MA. Maternal body burden of cadmium and offspring size at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:461-8. [PMID: 26970900 PMCID: PMC4866807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests an inverse association between cadmium (Cd) and size at birth, potentially greatest among female neonates. We evaluated whether greater maternal body burden of Cd is associated with reduced neonatal anthropometry (birthweight, birth length, head circumference, and ponderal index) and assessed whether these associations differ by infant sex. The analytic sample for the present study (n=396) was derived from a subcohort of 750 women randomly drawn from among all participants (N=4344) in the Omega Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. Creatinine-corrected Cd in maternal clean-catch spot urine samples (U-Cd) was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Continuous log2-transformed Cd (log2-Cd) and U-Cd tertiles (low<0.29μg/g creatinine, middle 0.29-0.42μg/g creatinine, high≥0.43μg/g creatinine) were used in multivariable linear regression models. Females had reduced birth length with greater U-Cd tertile, whereas males birth length marginally increased [β(95% CI) females: low=reference, middle=-0.59cm (-1.37, 0.19), high=-0.83cm (-1.69, 0.02), p-trend=0.08; males: low=reference, middle=0.18cm (-0.59, 0.95), high=0.78cm (-0.04, 1.60), p-trend=0.07; p for interaction=0.03]. The log2-Cd by infant sex interaction was statistically significant for ponderal index [p=0.003; β(95% CI): female=0.25kg/m(3) (-0.20, 0.70); male=-0.63kg/m(3) (-1.01, -0.24)] and birth length [p<0.001; β(95% CI): female=-0.47cm (-0.74, -0.20), male=0.32cm (0.00, 0.65)]. Our findings suggest potential sex-specific reversal of Cd's associations on birth length and contribute to the evidence suggesting Cd impairs fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harvey Checkoway
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Williams
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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