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Akkoyun MB, Temel Y, Akkoyun HT, Melek Ş, Karagözoğlu F, Bengü AŞ, Geçmez K. The Effects of Sodium Tetraborate against Lead Toxicity in Rats: The Behavior of Some Metabolic Enzymes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14792-14798. [PMID: 37125134 PMCID: PMC10134456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to research the in vivo effects of lead (Pb) ions and sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7) on G6PD and 6PGD, which are some of the enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway, which carries vital importance for metabolism, and GR and GST, which are glutathione metabolism enzymes, and the in vitro effects of the same agents on the 6PGD enzyme. According to the in vivo analysis results, in comparison to the control group, the rat liver G6PD (p < 0.05), and 6PGD (p < 0.01) enzyme activities in the Na2B4O7 group were significantly lower. In addition, GR and GST enzyme activities were insignificantly lower in the Na2B4O7 group compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The Pb group had lower G6PD and 6PGD enzyme activity levels and higher GR and GST enzyme activity levels compared to the control group, while these changes did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). In the in vitro analyses of the effects of Pb ions on the 6PGD enzyme that was purified out of rat liver with the 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography method, it was determined that Pb ions (200-1200 μM) increased the rat liver 6PGD enzyme activity levels by 33%. On the other hand Na2B4O7 was not significantly effective on 6PGD activity. These results will also contribute to future studies in understanding the physiopathology of the states triggered by Pb ions and sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuf Temel
- Solhan Health Services Vocational School, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - H Turan Akkoyun
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Biochemistry, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Şule Melek
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bingol Universıty, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Fatma Karagözoğlu
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Nutrition, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi, 35890, İzmir, Turkey
| | - A Şükrü Bengü
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Kübra Geçmez
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Biochemistry, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
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Caetano ÉLA, Pedron T, Freire BM, Lange CN, Batista BL, Grotto D. Influence of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom on Pb Toxicokinetic in Pregnant Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3114. [PMID: 36833809 PMCID: PMC9965185 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(Pb) is a toxic metal, responsible for several damages to human health. Agaricus bisporus (Ab) is a mushroom with promising antioxidant properties to be used as an alternative chelator in Pb intoxication. The aim was to understand the Pb toxicokinetic and the potential of Ab as a protective agent. A total of 20 female Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups (n = 5/group): Control (receiving water); Group Ab 100 mg/kg (gavage); Group Pb 100 mg/L in water; and Group Ab + Pb-100 mg/kg + 100 mg/L (gavage and water). Pb administration occurred daily until the 19th day of pregnancy. On day 19 of gestation, the rats were euthanized, and the blood and tissues were collected for Pb measurement, using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The results showed that the levels of Pb in the blood, placenta, and liver of the mothers, and in the brain of the fetuses increased significantly in the Pb group. On the other hand, the combined exposure to Pb + Ab showed a significant decrease in the metal concentration in relation to the Pb group, returning to normal levels. Kidney and bone lead levels also increased significantly in the Pb group. However, in the combined exposure group, levels did not return to the control amounts; there was protection, but the Pb concentration was still significantly higher than in the control. In the brain, no significant differences were observed. In conclusion, we suggest A. bisporus is a natural chelator, because the co-administration of the mushroom was able to interact with Pb ions, minimizing the Pb absorption and distribution. These effects are suggested since A. bisporus have antioxidants and beta glucan that interact with Pb, chelating it and, thus, reducing its toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Leão Ajala Caetano
- Toxicological Research Laboratory–Lapetox, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pedron
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
- CIQ-UP Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Moreira Freire
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Neves Lange
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
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Harini K, Girigoswami K, Anand AV, Pallavi P, Gowtham P, Elboughdiri N, Girigoswami A. Nano-mediated Strategies for Metal Ion–Induced Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 8:450-463. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-022-00307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
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Flora SJS, Jain K, Panghal A, Patwa J. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A Chelating Agent for Chronic Metal Poisoning. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1701-1719. [PMID: 35972774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a metalloid, is known to cause deleterious effects in various body organs, particularly the liver, urinary bladder, and brain, and these effects are primarily mediated through oxidative stress. Chelation therapy has been considered one of the promising medical treatments for arsenic poisoning. Meso 2,3- dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been recognized as one of the most effective chelating drugs to treat arsenic poisoning. However, the drug is compromised with a number of shortcomings, including the inability to treat chronic arsenic poisoning due to its extracellular distribution. Monoisoamyl 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, one of the analogues of meso 2,3-dimeraptosuccinic acid (DMSA), is a lipophilic chelator and has shown promise to be considered as a potential future chelating agent/antidote not only for arsenic but also for a few other heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, and gallium arsenide. The results from numerous studies carried out in the recent past, mainly from our group, strongly support the clinical application of MiADMSA. This review paper summarizes most of the scientific details including the chemistry, pharmacology, and safety profile of MiADMSA. The efficacy of MiADMSA mainly against arsenic toxicity but also a few other heavy metals was also discussed. We also reviewed a few other strategies in order to achieve the optimum effects of MiADMSA, like combination therapy using two chelating agents or coadministration of a natural and synthetic antioxidant (including phytomedicine) along with MiADMSA for treatment of metal/metalloid poisoning. We also briefly discussed the use of nanotechnology (nano form of MiADMSA i.e. nano-MiADMSA) and compared it with bulk MiADMSA. All these strategies have been shown to be beneficial in getting more pronounced therapeutic efficacy of MiADMSA, as an adjuvant or as a complementary agent, by significantly increasing the chelating efficacy of MiADMSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Archna Panghal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Jayant Patwa
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
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Fazal M, Veeraraghavan VP, Tahreen B, Jayaraman S, Gayathri R. Antioxidant effects of Emblica officinalis and Zingiber officinalis on arsenic and lead induced toxicity on Albino rats. Bioinformation 2021; 17:295-305. [PMID: 34234388 PMCID: PMC8225603 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to document the effect of Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) and Zingiber officinalae (Z. officinalae) leaf extract on reactive oxygen species, antioxidant potential changes in arsenic and lead-induced toxicity in male rats. We used 8
groups of adult male Wistar rats with 1 control group for this study. The animals were divided into Group I: Control and Group II: Lead and sodium arsenite induced rats (animals were induced for metal toxicity by the combined administration of arsenic (13.8 mg/
kg body weight) and lead (116.4 mg/kg body weight). These doses were administered by gastric intubation during 14 consecutive days using known standard procedures. Arsenic and lead induced rats treated with ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (60 mg/kg body
weight/day, orally for 45 days) are group III rats. Group IV animals are arsenic and lead induced rats treated orally with ethanolic extracts of E. officinalis (120 mg/kg body weight/day for 45 days). Group V animals are arsenic and lead induced rats treated
orally with ethanolic extracts of Z. officinalae (60 mg/kg body weight/day for 45 days). Group VI animals are arsenic and lead induced rats orally treated with ethanolic extracts of Zingiber officinalis (120 mg/kg body weight/day for 45 days). Group VII animals
are arsenic and lead induced rats treated orally with ethanolic extracts of E. officinalis and Z. officinalae (60 + 60 mg/kg body weight/day for 45 days). Group VIII animals are arsenic and lead induced rats treated orally with ethanolic extracts of E. officinalis
and Z. officinalae (120 + 120 mg/kg body weight/day, orally for 45 days). Normal Control animals were treated orally with ethanolic extracts of E. officinalis (120mg/kg body weight) + Z. officinalae (120mg/kg body weight) for 45 days. The control and experimental
animals were then subjected to analysis for oxidative stress markers such as H2O2, *OH, and lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzymes in addition to liver and kidney function markers. Results: Arsenic and lead induced rats showed a significant increase in the
levels of reactive oxygen species (H2O2, OH* and LPO) with concomitant alterations in the renal and liver tissues. However, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidant levels were decreased. Nevertheless, an oral effective dose of E. officinalis and Z. officinalae (120 +
120 mg/kg body weight/day increased the antioxidant enzymes and retrieved the altered levels of ROS and LPO that were induced by arsenic and lead. Thus, we show that E. officinalis and Z. officinalae leaf extract exhibits nephroprotective and hepatoprotective role
through the restoration of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in the kidney and liver tissue of Arsenic and Lead-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats. Hence, E. officinalis and Z. officinalae leaf extract are potential therapeutic options
for the treatment of metal toxicity-induced kidney and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fazal
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Department of Anatomy Government Medical College Siddipet, Telangana, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Bushra Tahreen
- Department of Dentistry, International Dental Care, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - R Gayathri
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Ji X, Wang B, Paudel YN, Li Z, Zhang S, Mou L, Liu K, Jin M. Protective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Analogues on Lead-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity Through Modulating Oxidative Stress and Autophagy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655549. [PMID: 34179077 PMCID: PMC8226318 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is among the deleterious heavy metal and has caused global health concerns due to its tendency to cause a detrimental effect on the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite being a serious health concern, treatment of Pb poisoning is not yet available, reflecting the pressing need for compounds that can relieve Pb-induced toxicity, especially neurotoxicity. In the quest of exploring protective strategies against Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity, compounds from natural resources have gained increased attention. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and its analogues neochlorogenic acid (NCGA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) are the important phenolic compounds widely distributed in plants. Herein, utilizing zebrafish as a model organism, we modeled Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity and investigated the protective effect of CGA, NCGA, and CCGA co-treatment. In zebrafish, Pb exposure (1,000 μg/L) for 5 days causes developmental malformation, loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and brain vasculature, as well as disrupted neuron differentiation in the CNS. Additionally, Pb-treated zebrafish exhibited abnormal locomotion. Notably, co-treatment with CGA (100 µM), NCGA (100 µM), and CCGA (50 µM) alleviated these developmental malformation and neurotoxicity induced by Pb. Further underlying mechanism investigation revealed that these dietary phenolic acid compounds may ameliorate Pb-induced oxidative stress and autophagy in zebrafish, therefore protecting against Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity. In general, our study indicates that CGA, NCGA, and CCGA could be promising agents for treating neurotoxicity induced by Pb, and CCGA shows the strongest detoxifying activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuna Ji
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Baokun Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhihui Li
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Mou
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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Patwa J, Flora SJS. MiADMSA abrogates chronic copper-induced hepatic and immunological changes in Sprague Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111692. [PMID: 32871191 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder associated with the impaired copper metabolism, resulting in hepatic and neurologic manifestations. D-Pencillamine (DPA) is a first-line of treatment however, monoisoamyl 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA), is gaining recognition recently as a future chelating agent of choice. We evaluated the effects of MiADMSA against copper-induced (20 mg/kg, orally, once, daily for 16 weeks) hepatic and immunological changes in the male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Copper overload increased the levels of pro-oxidant and concurrently decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver. Increased oxidative stress triggered the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in the liver and down-regulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. Altered liver function parameters as well as serum immunoglobulins' (IgG, IgA, IgE, and IgM) levels, were also noted. MiADMSA treatment restored most of copper altered biochemical and immunological changes. Further, the histopathological changes proved that MiADMSA treatment ameliorated copper induced hepatic injury. Infra red spectra of liver tissue indicated shift in the characteristic -OH peak during copper exposure while the shifting came to normal in MiADMSA administered rat liver. We conclude that MiADMSA could be a promising antidote for the chronic copper toxicity and possibly in the clinical management of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Patwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - S J S Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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Patwa J, Flora SJS. Heavy Metal-Induced Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Reversal Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113862. [PMID: 32485831 PMCID: PMC7313017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered a continuous threat to humanity, as they cannot be eradicated. Prolonged exposure to heavy metals/metalloids in humans has been associated with several health risks, including neurodegeneration, vascular dysfunction, metabolic disorders, cancer, etc. Small blood vessels are highly vulnerable to heavy metals as they are directly exposed to the blood circulatory system, which has comparatively higher concentration of heavy metals than other organs. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an umbrella term used to describe various pathological processes that affect the cerebral small blood vessels and is accepted as a primary contributor in associated disorders, such as dementia, cognitive disabilities, mood disorder, and ischemic, as well as a hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we discuss the possible implication of heavy metals/metalloid exposure in CSVD and its associated disorders based on in-vitro, preclinical, and clinical evidences. We briefly discuss the CSVD, prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors for development such as genetic, traditional, and environmental factors. Toxic effects of specific heavy metal/metalloid intoxication (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu) in the small vessel associated endothelium and vascular dysfunction too have been reviewed. An attempt has been made to highlight the possible molecular mechanism involved in the pathophysiology, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory pathway, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and amyloid angiopathy in the CSVD and related disorders. Finally, we discussed the role of cellular antioxidant defense enzymes to neutralize the toxic effect, and also highlighted the potential reversal strategies to combat heavy metal-induced vascular changes. In conclusion, heavy metals in small vessels are strongly associated with the development as well as the progression of CSVD. Chelation therapy may be an effective strategy to reduce the toxic metal load and the associated complications.
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Garza-Lombó C, Posadas Y, Quintanar L, Gonsebatt ME, Franco R. Neurotoxicity Linked to Dysfunctional Metal Ion Homeostasis and Xenobiotic Metal Exposure: Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1669-1703. [PMID: 29402131 PMCID: PMC5962337 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Essential metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and zinc play a role as cofactors in the activity of a wide range of processes involved in cellular homeostasis and survival, as well as during organ and tissue development. Throughout our life span, humans are also exposed to xenobiotic metals from natural and anthropogenic sources, including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. It is well recognized that alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and an increased environmental/occupational exposure to xenobiotic metals are linked to several neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental alterations. Recent Advances: The redox activity of essential metals is key for neuronal homeostasis and brain function. Alterations in redox homeostasis and signaling are central to the pathological consequences of dysfunctional metal ion homeostasis and increased exposure to xenobiotic metals. Both redox-active and redox-inactive metals trigger oxidative stress and damage in the central nervous system, and the exact mechanisms involved are starting to become delineated. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we aim to appraise the role of essential metals in determining the redox balance in the brain and the mechanisms by which alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and exposure to xenobiotic metals disturb the cellular redox balance and signaling. We focus on recent literature regarding their transport, metabolism, and mechanisms of toxicity in neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Delineating the specific mechanisms by which metals alter redox homeostasis is key to understand the pathological processes that convey chronic neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1669-1703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska.,2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Yanahi Posadas
- 3 Departamentos de Farmacología y de, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México .,4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- 4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- 2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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Butt UJ, Shah SAA, Ahmed T, Zahid S. Protective effects of Nigella sativa L. seed extract on lead induced neurotoxicity during development and early life in mouse models. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:32-40. [PMID: 30090560 PMCID: PMC6060688 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00201g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a ubiquitous heavy metal and a known neurotoxicant, produces adverse effects on the brain via increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes oxidative stress. In this study we examined the neuroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds on Pb induced oxidative stress in the developing brain of mice. Mouse pups were exposed to low (0.1%) and high (0.2%) doses of Pb from the first day of pregnancy through their mothers (via drinking water) and lactation until post-natal day (PND) 21. The mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD1), peroxiredoxin (Prdx6), amyloid precursor protein (APP) common, APP695 and APP770 were examined in the cortex and hippocampus of the mouse brain excised on PND 21 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic Nigella sativa L. extract was assessed by DPPH assay. The results showed that Pb exposure caused a significant decrease in the expression of SOD1, Prdx6 and APP695 and an increase in APP770 in both cortex and hippocampus in a dose dependent manner as compared to the control group. The expression of APP common remained unaltered. Histological assessment of the cortex and hippocampus demonstrated a decrease in the neuronal number and Nissl bodies. The administration of 250 and 500 mg kg-1 ethanolic Nigella sativa L. extract reversed the adverse effects by significantly increasing the expression of SOD1, Prdx6 and APP695 and decreasing the expression of APP770 in both the regions. These results strongly suggest that Nigella sativa L. supplementation greatly improves Pb-induced neurotoxicity in early life and provides neuroprotective and antioxidant potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Javed Butt
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory , Department of Healthcare Biotechnology , Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences , National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; Tel: +92-51-90856134
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor D. E. , Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns) , Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus , 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam , Selangor D. E. , Malaysia
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory , Department of Healthcare Biotechnology , Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences , National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; Tel: +92-51-90856134
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory , Department of Healthcare Biotechnology , Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences , National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan . ; ; Tel: +92-51-90856134
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López-Martínez LM, Pitarch-Jarque J, Martínez-Camarena À, García-España E, Tejero R, Santacruz-Ortega H, Navarro RE, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Leyva-Peralta MA, Doménech-Carbó A, Verdejo B. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cu(2+) Coordination Studies of a 3-Hydroxy-4-pyridinone Aza Scorpiand Derivative. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7564-75. [PMID: 27433814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, acid-base behavior, and Cu(2+) coordination chemistry of a new ligand (L1) consisting of an azamacrocyclic core appended with a lateral chain containing a 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4(1H)-pyridinone group have been studied by potentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. UV-vis and NMR studies showed that phenolate group was protonated at the highest pH values [log K = 9.72(1)]. Potentiometric studies point out the formation of Cu(2+) complexes of 1:2, 2:2, 4:3, 1:1, and 2:1 Cu(2+)/L1 stoichiometries. UV-vis analysis and electrochemical studies evidence the implication of the pyridinone moieties in the metal coordination of the 1:2 Cu(2+)/L1 complexes. L1 shows a stronger chelating ability than the reference chelating ligand deferiprone. While L1 shows no cytotoxicity in HeLa and ARPE-19 human cell lines (3.1-25.0 μg/mL), it has significant antioxidant activity, as denoted by TEAC assays at physiological pH. The addition of Cu(2+) diminishes the antioxidant activity because of its coordination to the pyridinone moiety phenolic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M López-Martínez
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora , Calle Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México.,Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Pitarch-Jarque
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Àlvar Martínez-Camarena
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique García-España
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Tejero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Valencia , C/Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hisila Santacruz-Ortega
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora , Calle Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | - Rosa-Elena Navarro
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora , Calle Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | - Rogerio R Sotelo-Mundo
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora , Calle Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México.,Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD) , A. C. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, México
| | - Mario Alberto Leyva-Peralta
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora , Calle Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas s/n, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia , C/Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Verdejo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Reckziegel P, Dias VT, Benvegnú DM, Boufleur N, Barcelos RCS, Segat HJ, Pase CS, Dos Santos CMM, Flores ÉMM, Bürger ME. Antioxidant protection of gallic acid against toxicity induced by Pb in blood, liver and kidney of rats. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:351-356. [PMID: 28959556 PMCID: PMC5615824 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the antioxidant gallic acid (GA) on Pb toxicity in blood, liver and kidney was investigated in the present study. Rats Wistar received Pb nitrate (50 mg/Kg/day, i.p., 5 days) followed by GA (13.5 mg/Kg, p.o., 3 days) or a chelating agent (EDTA, 55 mg/Kg, i.p.). As result, Pb decreased body weight, hematocrit and blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity. In addition, high Pb levels were observed in blood and tissues, together with increased (1) lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, plasma and tissues, (2) protein oxidation in tissues and (3) plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. These changes were accompanied by decreasing in antioxidant defenses, like superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in tissues and catalase (CAT) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver. GA was able to reverse Pb-induced decrease in body weight and ALA-D activity, as well as Pb-induced oxidative damages and most antioxidant alterations, however it did not decrease Pb bioaccumulation herein as EDTA did. Furthermore, EDTA did not show antioxidant protection in Pb-treated animals as GA did. In conclusion, GA decreased Pb-induced oxidative damages not by decreasing Pb bioaccumulation, but by improving antioxidant defenses, thus GA may be promising in the treatment of Pb intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Reckziegel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | - Nardeli Boufleur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Simonetti Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
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Čabarkapa A, Borozan S, Živković L, Stojanović S, Milanović-Čabarkapa M, Bajić V, Spremo-Potparević B. CaNa2EDTA chelation attenuates cell damage in workers exposed to lead-a pilot study. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:171-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Chandra IK, Angkawijaya AE, Santoso SP, Ismadji S, Soetaredjo FE, Ju YH. Solution equilibria studies of complexes of divalent metal ions with 2-aminophenol and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Gao Y, Li Y, Yang X, He F, Huang J, Jiang M, Zhou Z, Chen H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel Cu2+-selective fluorescence sensor for bio-detection and chelation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12620g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new coumarin-based Cu2+-selective fluorescent sensor was designed and synthesized and the ability of this fluorescent sensor for the detection and chelation of Cu2+ in cultured cells was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yazhen Li
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xiping Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Fangfei He
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Jiamei Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | | | - Zaihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
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16
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Yang X, Wang B, Zeng H, Cai C, Hu Q, Cai S, Xu L, Meng X, Zou F. Role of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter in Pb²⁺-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res 2014; 1575:12-21. [PMID: 24881885 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb(2+)) has been shown to induce cellular oxidative stress, which is linked to changes in intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration. The mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) participates in the maintenance of Ca(2+) homeostasis in neurons, but its role in Pb(2+)-induced oxidative stress is unclear. To address this question, oxidative stress was induced in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in newborn rats by Pb(2+) treatment. The results showed that the production of reactive oxygen species is increased in cells upon treatment with Pb(2+) in a dose-dependent manner, while glutathione and MCU expression were reduced. Moreover, neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein expression was elevated in rats exposed to Pb(2+) during gestation, while MCU expression was decreased. Application of the MCU activator spermine or MCU overexpression reversed Pb(2+)-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, while the MCU inhibitor Ru360 and MCU knockdown potentiated the effects of Pb(2+). These results indicate that the MCU mediates the Pb(2+)-induced oxidative stress response in neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongqiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunqing Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Korotkov SM, Brailovskaya IV, Kormilitsyn BN, Furaev VV. Tl(+) showed negligible interaction with inner membrane sulfhydryl groups of rat liver mitochondria, but formed complexes with matrix proteins. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:149-56. [PMID: 24436107 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Tl(+) on protein sulfhydryl (SH) groups, swelling, and respiration of rat liver mitochondria (RLM) were studied in a medium containing TlNO3 and sucrose, or TlNO3 and KNO3 as well as glutamate plus malate, or succinate plus rotenone. Detected with Ellman's reagent, an increase in the content of the SH groups was found in the inner membrane fraction, and a simultaneous decline was found in the content of the matrix-soluble fraction for RLM, incubated and frozen in 25-75 mM TlNO3 . This increase was greater in the medium containing KNO3 regardless of the presence of Ca(2+) . It was eliminated completely for RLM injected in the medium containing TlNO3 and then washed and frozen in the medium containing KNO3 . Calcium-loaded RLM showed increased swelling and decreased respiration. These results suggest that a ligand interaction of Tl(+) with protein SH groups, regardless of the presence of calcium, may underlie the mechanism of thallium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Korotkov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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18
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Velaga MK, Basuri CK, Robinson Taylor KS, Yallapragada PR, Rajanna S, Rajanna B. Ameliorative effects ofBacopa monnieraon lead-induced oxidative stress in different regions of rat brain. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:357-64. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.866137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Monensin potentiates lead chelation efficacy of MiADMSA in rat brain post chronic lead exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4449-60. [PMID: 22982480 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates combination therapy with a chelating agent, MiADMSA and a Na(+) ionophore, monensin against sub-chronic lead toxicity in rats. Animals were exposed to 0.1% lead in drinking water for 16 weeks and then treated with either MiADMSA at 50mg/kg body weight, or monensin at 10mg/kg, or both in combination for a period of 5 days was administered. Biomarkers indicative of oxidative stress like ROS, GSH, GSSG and TBARS demonstrated lead-induced toxic manifestations in blood, kidney and brain. Antioxidants like SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase along with specific lead biomarker, blood ALAD were also severely depleted in lead intoxicated animals. Serum parameters and histopathological findings supported the said results. MiADMSA treatment during both mono- and combination therapy with monensin, restored the antioxidant status and recovered biochemical and haematological variables due to lead. However, monensin alone was not found to be effective in the given scenario. Interestingly, combination therapy in its ability to revert lead-induced overall systemic toxicity was only found at par with the MiADMSA monotherapy except for its chelation potential. Monensin given in combination with MiADMSA potentiated its lead chelation ability especially from brain, along with maintaining the normal copper concentrations in the organ unlike MiADMSA monotherapy.
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Li L, Wu J, Zhao M, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Gui L, Liu J, Mair N, Peng S. Poly-α,β-DL-aspartyl-L-cysteine: a novel nanomaterial having a porous structure, special complexation capability for Pb(II), and selectivity of removing Pb(II). Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1948-54. [PMID: 22917181 DOI: 10.1021/tx300265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly-α,β-DL-aspartic acid is known as a green chelant of various metal ions. To provide a novel nanochelant for treating Pb(II) poisoning, poly-α,β-DL-aspartic acid was modified with L-Cys to form poly-α,β-DL-aspartyl-L-cysteine (PDC; MW, 27273). DL-Asp was converted into polysuccinimide through a thermal polycondensation, and the amidation of polysuccinimide with L-Cys provided PDC. In water, PDC formed various porous nanospecies. In the mouse lead intoxication model, both intraperitoneal and oral administration of PDC (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 nmol/kg) dose dependently removed Pb(II) accumulated in the organ, bone, and blood. PDC did not remove the essential metals including Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), and Ca(2+) of the treated mice. The porous feature and size of the pH- and concentration-dependent nanospecies of PDC benefited the removal of Pb(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
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21
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Staník R, Světlík J, Benkovský I. DMSA and its complexes with radioisotopes: review. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhao M, Wu J, Zhang X, Gui L, Zheng M, Li L, Liu J, Peng S. Synthesis and In Vivo Lead Detoxification Evaluation of Poly-α,β-dl-aspartyl-l-methionine. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:471-7. [DOI: 10.1021/tx2005037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Zhang
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yuji Wang
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gui
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meiqing Zheng
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jiawang Liu
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Flora SJS, Gautam P, Kushwaha P. Lead and ethanol co-exposure lead to blood oxidative stress and subsequent neuronal apoptosis in rats. Alcohol Alcohol 2012; 47:92-101. [PMID: 22215003 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agr152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study was aimed at investigating chronic exposure to lead and ethanol, individually and in combination with blood oxidative stress leading to possible brain apoptosis in rats. METHODS Rats were exposed to lead (0.1% w/v in drinking water) or ethanol (1 and 10%) either individually or in combination for four months. Biochemical variables indicative of oxidative stress (blood and brain) and brain apoptosis were examined. Native polyacrylamide agarose gel electrophoresis was carried out in brain homogenates for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) analysis, whereas western blot analysis was done for the determination of apoptotic markers like Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cytochrome c and p53. RESULTS The results suggest that most pronounced increase in oxidative stress in red blood cells and brain of animals co-exposed to lead and 10% ethanol compared all the other groups. Decrease in G6PD activity followed the same trend. Upregulation of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3, p53 and down-regulation of Bcl-2 suggested apoptosis in the rat brain co-exposed to lead and ethanol (10%) compared with their individual exposures. Significantly high lead accumulation in blood and brain during co-exposure further support synergistic toxicity. CONCLUSION The present study thus suggests that higher consumption of ethanol during lead exposure may lead to brain apoptosis, which may be mediated through oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J S Flora
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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Ghanizadeh A. Captopril as a novel possible treatment for children with ADHD and elevated lead level, a hypothesis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:1330-1331. [PMID: 21723551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
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25
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MiADMSA reverses impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism and neuronal apoptotic cell death after arsenic exposure in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xing W, Li SL, Chen ZY. Lead acetate induces cell apoptosis and promotes caspase-3 expression in human liver cell line L-02. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2426-2431. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i23.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the impact of lead acetate on cell apoptosis and caspase-3 expression in human liver cell line L-02.
METHODS: After L-02 cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 2.5, 40, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L) of lead acetate for 24 or 48 h, the proliferation of L-02 cells was assayed by MTT assay; cell morphological changes were observed after Hoechest33258 staining; and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and protein was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared to the normal control group, the proliferation of L-02 cells was significantly inhibited after treatment with different concentrations of lead acetate for 24 or 48 h (24 h: 0.4678 ± 0.0438, 0.4686 ± 0.0733, 0.4500 ± 0.0712, 0.4244 ± 0.0407, 0.3998 ± 0.0499 vs 0.5234 ± 0.0589; 48 h: 0.4290 ± 0.0607, 0.4184 ± 0.0296, 0.4032 ± 0.0499, 0.3856 ± 0.0386, 0.3750 ± 0.0149 vs 0.5300 ± 0.0397, all P < 0.05 or 0.01). Significant morphological changes were noted in cells treated with lead acetate for 48 h. Compared to the normal control group, the levels of caspase-3 mRNA increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in L-02 cells treated with lead acetate (1.0912 ± 0.0769, 1.2874 ± 0.144, 1.4536 ± 0.1046, 1.6986 ± 0.1371, 1.9882 ± 0.0925 vs 0.8438 ± 0.0933, all P < 0.01). Additionally, the expression levels of caspase-3 protein also significantly increased after treatment with lead acetate.
CONCLUSION: Lead acetate inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of L-02 cells possibly via a mechanism associated with the activation of caspase-3.
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Fouad AA, Jresat I. Captopril and telmisartan treatments attenuate cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:152-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhao M, Zhang X, Hu X, Hou B, Peng L, Zheng M, Wu J, Peng S. Lead detoxification activities of a class of novel DMSA--amino acid conjugates. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:979-84. [PMID: 21591669 DOI: 10.1021/tx200155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of the 1-carboxyl of DMSA with l-amino acids led to a class of novel 1-(carbonyl-l-amino-acid)-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acids (DMSA--amino acid conjugates, DMSA-Gly, -Ser, -Val, -Leu, -Ile, -Asn, -Asp, -Gln, -Glu, -Met, -Phe, and -Trp). In the in vivo evaluation of Pb-loaded mice, 0.4 mmol/kg of the conjugates effectively decreased the Pb levels of the femur, brain, kidney, liver, and blood, greatly enhanced urination, and increased the Pb levels of both urine and feces, while causing no redistributions of Pb to the other organs, especially to the brain. With respect to lowering the bone and brain Pb, DMSA-Ile, -Asn, -Gln, and -Met were more effective than DMSA. This benefit was attributed to their high transmembrane ability. In contrast to Pb, the essential metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ca of the treated mice were not affected by the administration of the conjugates. Silico molecular modeling predicted that the conjugates had little hepatotoxicity, except possibly for DMSA-Phe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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Lead detoxification activities and ADMET hepatotoxicities of a class of novel 5-(1-carbonyl-l-amino-acid)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dithiolane-4-carboxylic acids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1754-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jin Y, Yu F, Liao Y, Liu S, Liu M, Xu J, Yang J. Therapeutic efficiency of succimer used with calcium and ascorbic acid in the treatment of mild lead-poisoning. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:137-142. [PMID: 21787678 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore therapeutic efficiency of succimer used with calcium and ascorbic acid in the treatment of mildly lead-poisoned mice and preschool children. Mice were exposed to lead by drinking water, and then treated with saline solution, 50mg/kg body weight (b.w.) succimer, 100mg/kg b.w. succimer, or 50mg/kg b.w. succimer plus calcium and ascorbic acid by gavage. Seventy-two children aged 48-72 months were randomly assigned into combined treatment or nutritional intervention group. Lead levels in blood and bone were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Activities of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in blood were determined by colorimetric method. Results of animal experiment showed that succimer used alone could reduce lead levels in blood and bone and reverse activities of ALAD in blood, however, a better therapeutic efficiency in mobilizing bone lead could be achieved by succimer used with calcium and ascorbic acid. Findings from the clinical study showed that reduction of blood lead levels (BLLs) between the end and initiation of therapy in the combined treatment group was significantly greater than that in the nutritional intervention group. Percentage of children with BLLs less than 10μg/dL at the end of therapy and the eighth week after therapy in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the nutritional intervention group. In conclusion, combined use of succimer with calcium and ascorbic acid seemed to be a choice in the treatment of mildly lead poisoned children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, Postal code: 110001, PR China.
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Zhao M, Wang Y, Huo C, Liu J, Li C, Zhang X, Peng L, Peng S. Lead detoxification activity and ADMET hepatotoxicity of N-(alpha-L-arabino-furanos-1-yl)-L-cysteine. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1282-5. [PMID: 20540575 DOI: 10.1021/tx100155r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-(alpha-L-Arabinofuranos-1-yl)-L-cysteine was stereoselectively prepared from L-arabinose and l-cysteine. Its in vivo detoxification action was evaluated on lead loaded mice at the doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol/kg. The results show that lead accumulation in the livers, kidneys, brains, and femurs of the treated mice could be efficiently decreased by N-(alpha-L-arabinofuranos-1-yl)-L-cysteine, even at the dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Compared with the lead detoxification efficacy, 0.4 mmol/kg of N-(alpha-L-arabinofuranos-1-yl)-L-cysteine did not affect the essential metals in the treated mice, such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ca. In the apparent permeability coefficient test, the values of P(app)(A-->B), P(app)(B-->A), and P(app)(A-->B)/P(app)(B-->A) indicated that N-(alpha-L-arabinofuranos-1-yl)-L-cysteine was transported actively across the Caco-2 cell monolayer. Silico molecular modeling results predicted that N-(alpha-L-arabinofuranos-1-yl)-L-cysteine had no hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Kell DB. Towards a unifying, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:825-89. [PMID: 20967426 PMCID: PMC2988997 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of toxins and/or infectious agents leads to disease, degeneration and death, often characterised by circumstances in which cells or tissues do not merely die and cease to function but may be more or less entirely obliterated. It is then legitimate to ask the question as to whether, despite the many kinds of agent involved, there may be at least some unifying mechanisms of such cell death and destruction. I summarise the evidence that in a great many cases, one underlying mechanism, providing major stresses of this type, entails continuing and autocatalytic production (based on positive feedback mechanisms) of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry involving poorly liganded iron, leading to cell death via apoptosis (probably including via pathways induced by changes in the NF-κB system). While every pathway is in some sense connected to every other one, I highlight the literature evidence suggesting that the degenerative effects of many diseases and toxicological insults converge on iron dysregulation. This highlights specifically the role of iron metabolism, and the detailed speciation of iron, in chemical and other toxicology, and has significant implications for the use of iron chelating substances (probably in partnership with appropriate anti-oxidants) as nutritional or therapeutic agents in inhibiting both the progression of these mainly degenerative diseases and the sequelae of both chronic and acute toxin exposure. The complexity of biochemical networks, especially those involving autocatalytic behaviour and positive feedbacks, means that multiple interventions (e.g. of iron chelators plus antioxidants) are likely to prove most effective. A variety of systems biology approaches, that I summarise, can predict both the mechanisms involved in these cell death pathways and the optimal sites of action for nutritional or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and the Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Koike-Kuroda Y, Kakeyama M, Fujimaki H, Tsukahara S. Use of live imaging analysis for evaluation of cytotoxic chemicals that induce apoptotic cell death. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:2012-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Quintanar-Escorza M, González-Martínez M, del Pilar IOM, Calderón-Salinas J. Oxidative damage increases intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i concentration in human erythrocytes incubated with lead. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1338-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Flora SJ, Pachauri V. Chelation in metal intoxication. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:2745-88. [PMID: 20717537 PMCID: PMC2922724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7072745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chelation therapy is the preferred medical treatment for reducing the toxic effects of metals. Chelating agents are capable of binding to toxic metal ions to form complex structures which are easily excreted from the body removing them from intracellular or extracellular spaces. 2,3-Dimercaprol has long been the mainstay of chelation therapy for lead or arsenic poisoning, however its serious side effects have led researchers to develop less toxic analogues. Hydrophilic chelators like meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid effectively promote renal metal excretion, but their ability to access intracellular metals is weak. Newer strategies to address these drawbacks like combination therapy (use of structurally different chelating agents) or co-administration of antioxidants have been reported recently. In this review we provide an update of the existing chelating agents and the various strategies available for the treatment of heavy metals and metalloid intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J.S. Flora
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior474 002, India; E-Mail:
| | - Vidhu Pachauri
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior474 002, India; E-Mail:
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Lepper TW, Oliveira E, Koch GDW, Berlese DB, Feksa LR. Lead inhibits in vitro creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase activity in brain cortex of rats. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1045-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Protective effects of pre-germinated brown rice diet on low levels of Pb-induced learning and memory deficits in developing rat. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 184:484-91. [PMID: 20138853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a known neurotoxicant in humans and experimental animals. Numerous studies have provided evidence that humans, especially young children, and animals chronically intoxicated with low levels of Pb show learning and memory impairments. Unfortunately, Pb-poisoning cases continue to occur in many countries. Because the current treatment options are very limited, there is a need for alternative methods to attenuate Pb toxicity. In this study, the weaning (postnatal day 21, PND21) rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group (AIN-93G diet, de-ionized water), the lead acetate (PbAC) group (AIN-93G diet, 2g/L PbAC in de-ionized water), the lead acetate+WR group (white rice diet, 2g/L PbAC in de-ionized water; PbAC+WR), the lead acetate+BR group (brown rice diet, 2g/L PbAC in de-ionized water; PbAC+BR) and the lead acetate+PR group (pre-germinated brown rice diet, 2g/L PbAC in de-ionized water; PbAC+PR). The animals received the different diets until PND60, and then the experiments were terminated. The protective effects of pre-germinated brown rice (PR) on Pb-induced learning and memory impairment in weaning rats were assessed by the Morris water maze and one-trial-learning passive avoidance test. The anti-oxidative effects of feeding a PR diet to Pb-exposed rats were evaluated. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were determined by HPLC. Our data showed that feeding a PR diet decreased the accumulation of lead and decreased Pb-induced learning and memory deficits in developing rats. The mechanisms might be related to the anti-oxidative effects and large amount of GABA in PR. Our study provides a regimen to reduce Pb-induced toxicity, especially future learning and memory deficits in the developing brain.
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