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Ruan H, Zhang X, Yuan J, Fang X. Effect of water-soluble fullerenes on macrophage surface ultrastructure revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22197-22201. [PMID: 36043103 PMCID: PMC9364078 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C60-fullerenes have unique potential in antiviral, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and other biomedical applications. However, little is known about their effects on macrophage surface morphology and ultrastructure. Here by using contact-free scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), we investigated the effects of two water-soluble fullerenes on the surface ultrastructure and function of macrophages. The results showed that these fullerenes would be a promising phagocytosis inhibitor and SICM would be an excellent tool to study the morphological information of adhesive and fragile samples. Nanoscale morphological changes of macrophages characterized by contact-free SICM and their relationship with phagocytosis after C60-fullerene treatment demonstrate they are a potential phagocytosis inhibitor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China .,Tsinghua-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Jinghe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Pinheiro FG, Moreira-Gomes MD, Machado MN, Almeida TDS, Barboza PDPA, Silva Oliveira LF, Ávila Cavalcante FS, Leal-Cardoso JH, Fortunato RS, Zin WA. Eugenol mitigated acute lung but not spermatic toxicity of C 60 fullerene emulsion in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116188. [PMID: 33302087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
C60 fullerene (C60) is a nano-pollutant that can damage the respiratory system. Eugenol exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the time course of C60 emulsion-induced pulmonary and spermatic harms, as well as the effect of eugenol on C60 emulsion toxicity. The first group of mice (protocol 1) received intratracheally C60 emulsion (1.0 mg/kg BW) or vehicle and were tested at 12, 24, 72 and 96 h (F groups) thereafter. The second group of mice (protocol 2) received intratracheally C60 emulsion or vehicle, 1 h later were gavaged with eugenol (150 mg/kg) or vehicle, and experiments were done 24 h after instillation. Lung mechanics, morphology, redox markers, cytokines and epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed. Protocol 1: Tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) were significantly higher in F24 than in others groups, except for H in F72. Morphological and inflammatory parameters were worst at 24 h and subsequently declined until 96 h, whereas redox and spermatic parameters worsened over the whole period. Eugenol eliminated the increase in G, H, cellularity, and cytokines, attenuated oxidative stress induced by C60 exposure, but had no effect on sperm. Hence, exposure to C60 emulsion deteriorated lung morphofunctional, redox and inflammatory characteristics and increased the risk of infertility. Furthermore, eugenol avoided those changes, but did not prevent sperm damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gomes Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Diana Moreira-Gomes
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nascimento Machado
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tailane Dos Santos Almeida
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Henrique Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Caldeira DDAF, Mesquita FM, Pinheiro FG, Oliveira DF, Oliveira LFS, Nascimento JHM, Takiya CM, Maciel L, Zin WA. Acute exposure to C60 fullerene damages pulmonary mitochondrial function and mechanics. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:352-365. [PMID: 33370539 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1863498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
C60 fullerene (C60) nanoparticles, a nanomaterial widely used in technology, can offer risks to humans, overcome biological barriers, and deposit onto the lungs. However, data on its putative pulmonary burden are scanty. Recently, the C60 interaction with mitochondria has been described in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that C60 impairs lung mechanics and mitochondrial function. Thirty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups intratracheally instilled with vehicle (0.9% NaCl + 1% Tween 80, CTRL) or C60 (1.0 mg/kg, FUL). Twenty-four hours after exposure, 15 FUL and 8 CTRL mice were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated for the determination of lung mechanics. After euthanasia, the lungs were removed en bloc at end-expiration for histological processing. Lung tissue elastance and viscance were augmented in FUL group. Increased inflammatory cell number, alveolar collapse, septal thickening, and pulmonary edema were detected. In other six FUL and six CTRL mice, mitochondria expressed reduction in state 1 respiration [FUL = 3.0 ± 1.14 vs. CTRL = 4.46 ± 0.9 (SEM) nmol O2/min/mg protein, p = 0.0210], ATP production (FUL = 122.6 ± 18 vs. CTRL = 154.5 ± 14 μmol/100 μg protein, p = 0.0340), and higher oxygen consumption in state 4 [FUL = 12.56 ± 0.9 vs. CTRL = 8.26 ± 0.6], generation of reactive oxygen species (FUL 733.1 ± 169.32 vs. CTRL = 486.39 ± 73.1 nmol/100 μg protein, p = 0.0313) and reason ROS/ATP [FUL = 8.73 ± 2.3 vs. CTRL = 2.99 ± 0.3]. In conclusion, exposure to fullerene C60 impaired pulmonary mechanics and mitochondrial function, increased ROS concentration, and decrease ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayene de Assis Fernandes Caldeira
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Muniz Mesquita
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gomes Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dahienne Ferreira Oliveira
- Laboratory of Proteins and Amyloidosis, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Silva Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilha, Colombia.,Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura, Universidad de Lima, Santiago de Surco, Peru
| | - Jose Hamilton Matheus Nascimento
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Raja IS, Song SJ, Kang MS, Lee YB, Kim B, Hong SW, Jeong SJ, Lee JC, Han DW. Toxicity of Zero- and One-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1214. [PMID: 31466309 PMCID: PMC6780407 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The zero (0-D) and one-dimensional (1-D) carbon nanomaterials have gained attention among researchers because they exhibit a larger surface area to volume ratio, and a smaller size. Furthermore, carbon is ubiquitously present in all living organisms. However, toxicity is a major concern while utilizing carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue regeneration. In the present review, we have summarized some of the recent findings of cellular and animal level toxicity studies of 0-D (carbon quantum dot, graphene quantum dot, nanodiamond, and carbon black) and 1-D (single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) carbon nanomaterials. The in vitro toxicity of carbon nanomaterials was exemplified in normal and cancer cell lines including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, macrophages, epithelial and endothelial cells of different sources. Similarly, the in vivo studies were illustrated in several animal species such as rats, mice, zebrafish, planktons and, guinea pigs, at various concentrations, route of administrations and exposure of nanoparticles. In addition, we have described the unique properties and commercial usage, as well as the similarities and differences among the nanoparticles. The aim of the current review is not only to signify the importance of studying the toxicity of 0-D and 1-D carbon nanomaterials, but also to emphasize the perspectives, future challenges and possible directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Jin Song
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Jo Jeong
- GS Medical Co., Ltd., Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28161, Korea
| | - Jae-Chang Lee
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Cui X, Wan B, Yang Y, Xin Y, Xie YC, Guo LH, Mantell LL. Carbon Nanomaterials Stimulate HMGB1 Release From Macrophages and Induce Cell Migration and Invasion. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:398-410. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are widely used in industrial and medical sectors. The increasing exposure of CNMs necessitates the studies of their potential environmental and health effects. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA-binding protein, but when released from cells, may cause sustained inflammatory response and promote cell migration and invasion. In this work, we found that 7-day exposure of 2.5 mg/kg/day CNMs, including C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxides significantly elevated the level of HMGB1 in blood and lung lavage fluids in C57BL/6 mice. Subsequently, cellular effects and underlying mechanism were explored by using Raw264.7. The results showed that noncytotoxic CNMs enhanced HMGB1 intracellular translocation and release via activating P2X7 receptor. Released HMGB1 further activated receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and downstream signaling pathway by upregulating RAGE and Rac1 expression. Simultaneously, CNMs prepared the cells for migration and invasion by modulating MMP2 and TIMP2 gene expression as well as cytoskeleton reorganization. Intriguingly, released HMGB1 from macrophages promoted the migration of nearby lung cancer cell, which can be efficiently inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against HMGB1 and RAGE. Taken together, our work demonstrated that CNMs stimulated HMGB1 release and cell migration/invasion through P2X7R-HMGB1-RAGE pathway. The revealed mechanisms might facilitate a better understanding on the inflammatory property and subsequent cell functional alteration of CNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Chun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin L Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy, Queens, NY 11439
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Shipkowski KA, Sanders JM, McDonald JD, Walker NJ, Waidyanatha S. Disposition of fullerene C60 in rats following intratracheal or intravenous administration. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1078-1085. [PMID: 30257131 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1528646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene C60 is used in a variety of industrial and consumer capacities. As part of a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of fullerene C60 by the National Toxicology Program, the disposition following intratracheal (IT) instillation and intravenous (IV) administration of 1 or 5 mg/kg b.wt. fullerene C60 was investigated in male Fischer 344 rats. Following IT instillation, fullerene C60 was detected in the lung as early as 0.5 h post-exposure with minimal clearance over the 168 h period; the concentration increased ≥20-fold with a 5-fold increase in the dose. Fullerene C60 was not detected in extrapulmonary tissues. Following IV administration, fullerene C60 was rapidly eliminated from the blood and was undetectable after 0.5 h post-administration. The highest tissue concentrations of fullerene C60 occurred in the liver, followed by the spleen, lung and kidney. Fullerene C60 was cleared slowly from the kidney and the lung with estimated half-lives of 24 and 139 h, respectively. The liver concentration of fullerene C60 did not change much with time; over 90% of the fullerene C60 remained there over the study duration up to 168 h. Fullerene C60 was also not detected in urine or feces. These data support the hypothesis that fullerene C60 accumulates in the body and therefore has the potential to induce detrimental health effects following exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Shipkowski
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA.,b ICF International, Inc , Durham , NC , USA
| | - J M Sanders
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - J D McDonald
- c Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - N J Walker
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - S Waidyanatha
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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Abstract
At the northwestern edge of South America is located Ecuador. This place is a classical example of an active continental margin with widespread active volcanism. Detailed studies about the impact of volcanic ash on human health are still lacking. Therefore, the disease of exposed populations is unknown. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the biological impact of Pichincha volcanic ash on cell culture and inflammation in murine lung tissues that will contribute to the understanding of the hazards. In this study, the in vivo phase was performed in mice C57BL/6 exposed to several doses of volcanic ash (0.5, 1, and 3.75 mg/100 g mouse body weight). The body weight and survival were controlled during seven days of treatment. The expression of inflammation markers NRLP 3, caspase-1, pro-IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and h-HPRT was analyzed. The in vitro phase was performed in lung cancer cells A549, peritoneal macrophages, and McCoy cells exposing them to different concentrations of volcanic ash (80, 320, and 1280 μg/cm3) to determine the cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species. The ash initiated activation of the inflammasome complex NRLP 3 and the initiation of a proinflammatory activity in the murine lung tissue depending on the concentration of this agent. The viability of A549 and McCoy cell decreased with the length of exposure and increased with the concentration of volcanic ash. The activity in superoxide dismutase decreased by about 60%, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species. These results associated with compounds contained in Pichincha volcanic ash are considered hazardous elements which induce inflammation leading to activate inflammasome NRLP, releasing reactive oxygen species, and producing changes in cell morphology and density, all of which are expression of cytotoxicity.
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Hsu HT, Tseng YT, Wong WJ, Liu CM, Lo YC. Resveratrol prevents nanoparticles-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via downregulation of PKC-α and NADPH oxidase in lung epithelial A549 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:211. [PMID: 29986680 PMCID: PMC6038342 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs), a well-known industrial production, promotes pulmonary toxicity through inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies show that some polyphenols exert their antioxidant properties through regulation of protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) and NADPH oxidase (Nox) signaling. Resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol in fruits, possesses various health beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the involvement of PKC-α and Nox in CBNPs-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and to investigate the protective effects of resveratrol on CBNP-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human lung epithelial A549 cells. Methods The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NO) was measured using the Griess reagent, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was detected by ELISA, while protein expressions were measured by Western blotting analysis. Results In lung epithelial A549 cells, CBNPs significantly enhanced oxidative stress by upregulation of Nox2 and membrane expression of p67phox accompanied with increase of ROS production. CBNPs also increased inflammatory factors, including iNOS, COX-2, NO and PGE2. However, resveratrol attenuated the above effects induced by CBNPs in A549 cells; additionally, CBNPs-induced activation of PKC-α was observed. We found that PKC-α inhibitor (Gö6976) could attenuate CBNPs-induced inflammation by down-regulation of ROS, NO and PGE2 production in A549 cells, suggesting PKC-α might be involved in CBNPs-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results also found resveratrol was able to inhibit protein expression of PKC-α induced by CBNPs. Moreover, ROS scavenger (NAC) and Nox inhibitor (DPI) attenuated CBNPs-induced expressions of iNOS and COX-2. DPI could also attenuate CBNPs-induced ROS, NO and PGE2 production. Conclusions Resveratrol attenuated CBNPs-induced oxidative and inflammatory factors in lung epithelial A549 cells, at least in part via inhibiting PKC-α- and Nox-related signaling.
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Pandey RK, Prajapati VK. Molecular and immunological toxic effects of nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1278-1293. [PMID: 29017884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as a boon for the public health applications such as drug delivery, diagnostic, and imaging. Biodegradable and non-bio degradable nanoparticles have been used at a large scale level to increase the efficiency of the biomedical process at the cellular, animal and human level. Exponential use of nanoparticles reinforces the adverse immunological changes at the human health level. Physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles often lead to a variety of immunotoxic effects such as activation of stress-related genes, membrane disruption, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Delivered nanoparticles in animal or human interact with various components of the immune system such as lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils etc. Nanoparticles delivered above the threshold level damages the cellular physiology by the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This review article represents the potential of nanoparticles in the field of nanomedicine and provides the critical evidence which leads to develop immunotoxicity in living cells and organisms by altering immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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Glass DC, Mazhar M, Xiang S, Dean P, Simpson P, Priestly B, Plebanski M, Abramson M, Sim MR, Dennekamp M. Immunological effects among workers who handle engineered nanoparticles. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:868-876. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Gómez-Gallego DM, Urcuqui-Inchima S, Hernández JC. Efecto inmunomodulador de nanopartículas usadas en nanomedicina. IATREIA 2016. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v29n4a06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sayers BC, Germolec DR, Walker NJ, Shipkowski KA, Stout MD, Cesta MF, Roycroft JH, White KL, Baker GL, Dill JA, Smith MJ. Respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity evaluations of microparticle and nanoparticle C60 fullerene aggregates in mice and rats following nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1458-1468. [PMID: 27618498 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1235737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
C60 fullerene (C60), or buckminsterfullerene, is a spherical arrangement of 60 carbon atoms, having a diameter of approximately 1 nm, and is produced naturally as a by-product of combustion. Due to its small size, C60 has attracted much attention for use in a variety of applications; however, insufficient information is available regarding its toxicological effects. The effects on respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity of C60 aggregates (50 nm [nano-C60] and 1 μm [micro-C60] diameter) were examined in B6C3F1/N mice and Wistar Han rats after nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Exposure concentrations were selected to allow for data evaluations using both mass-based and particle surface area-based exposure metrics. Nano-C60 exposure levels selected were 0.5 and 2 mg/m3 (0.033 and 0.112 m2/m3), while micro-C60 exposures were 2, 15 and 30 mg/m3 (0.011, 0.084 and 0.167 m2/m3). There were no systemic effects on innate, cell-mediated, or humoral immune function. Pulmonary inflammatory responses (histiocytic infiltration, macrophage pigmentation, chronic inflammation) were concentration-dependent and corresponded to increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (rats) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (mice) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Lung overload may have contributed to the pulmonary inflammatory responses observed following nano-C60 exposure at 2 mg/m3 and micro-C60 exposure at 30 mg/m3. Phenotype shifts in cells recovered from the BAL were also observed in all C60-exposed rats, regardless of the level of exposure. Overall, more severe pulmonary effects were observed for nano-C60 than for micro-C60 for mass-based exposure comparisons. However, for surface-area-based exposures, more severe pulmonary effects were observed for micro-C60 than for nano-C60, highlighting the importance of dosimetry when evaluating toxicity between nano- and microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Sayers
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Nigel J Walker
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Kelly A Shipkowski
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Matthew D Stout
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Mark F Cesta
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Joseph H Roycroft
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Kimber L White
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Dill
- c Battelle Toxicology Northwest , Richland , WA , USA , and
| | - Matthew J Smith
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA.,d Richard Bland College of William & Mary , Petersburg , VA , USA
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14
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Competitive photometric enzyme immunoassay for fullerene C60 and its derivatives using a fullerene conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Kadoya C, Lee BW, Ogami A, Oyabu T, Nishi KI, Yamamoto M, Todoroki M, Morimoto Y, Tanaka I, Myojo T. Analysis of pulmonary surfactant in rat lungs after inhalation of nanomaterials: Fullerenes, nickel oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:194-203. [PMID: 25950198 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1039093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The health risks of inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials in the workplace are a major concern in recent years, and hazard assessments of these materials are being conducted. The pulmonary surfactant of lung alveoli is the first biological entity to have contact with airborne nanomaterials in inhaled air. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the pulmonary surfactant components of rat lungs after a 4-week inhalation exposure to three different nanomaterials: fullerenes, nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), with similar levels of average aerosol concentration (0.13-0.37 mg/m(3)). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the rat lungs stored after previous inhalation studies was analyzed, focusing on total protein and the surfactant components, such as phospholipids and surfactant-specific SP-D (surfactant protein D) and the BALF surface tension, which is affected by SP-B and SP-C. Compared with a control group, significant changes in the BALF surface tension and the concentrations of phospholipids, total protein and SP-D were observed in rats exposed to NiO nanoparticles, but not in those exposed to fullerenes. Surface tension and the levels of surfactant phospholipids and proteins were also significantly different in rats exposed to MWCNTs. The concentrations of phospholipids, total protein and SP-D and BALF surface tension were correlated significantly with the polymorphonuclear neutrophil counts in the BALF. These results suggest that pulmonary surfactant components can be used as measures of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Kadoya
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Byeong-Woo Lee
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Akira Ogami
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Takako Oyabu
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Nishi
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Makoto Yamamoto
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Motoi Todoroki
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Isamu Tanaka
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Toshihiko Myojo
- a Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan
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Josa D, González-Veloso I, Rodríguez-Otero J, Cabaleiro-Lago EM. Tailoring buckybowls for fullerene recognition. A dispersion-corrected DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6233-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The shape of a buckybowl plays a fundamental role in the enhancement of fullerene recognition. Compounds whose structure possesses flaps at the rim of the bowl show an enhanced ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Josa
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Iván González-Veloso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Otero
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Enrique M. Cabaleiro-Lago
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Campus de Lugo
- Av. Alfonso X El Sabio
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17
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Zhang B, Bian W, Pal A, He Y. Macrophage apoptosis induced by aqueous C60 aggregates changing the mitochondrial membrane potential. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:237-246. [PMID: 25531262 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes have been applied to various fields in recent years for their unique physicochemical properties. C60's potential environmental and health risks are therefore being investigated. This work presents the cytotoxicity of aqueous C60 aggregates (nC60) by using the mouse peritoneal macrophage (RAW264.7) as a model biological system. Cells incubated with nC60 showed a decrease in cell viability, and the quantities of cell apoptosis increased significantly in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. By TEM imaging cells were observed to be asymmetric and shrunken compared to control cells. nC60 was adsorbed onto the plasma membrane and apparent phagocytosis was observed after a 24h exposure. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified with the dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) detection assay kit by flow cytometry and found to increase in treated cells. Membrane damage and lipid peroxidation were not observed, since both intracellular and extracellular MDA showed no variation. Detection of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by JC-1 assay kit showed that MMP had an obvious dose-dependent loss. We speculate that the nC60 aggregates induced apoptosis of macrophage by changing the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weilin Bian
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Amrita Pal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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18
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Hendrickson OD, Zherdev AV, Gmoshinskii IV, Dzantiev BB. Fullerenes: In vivo studies of biodistribution, toxicity, and biological action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s199507801406010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Côté-Maurais G, Bernier J. Silver and fullerene nanoparticles’ effect on interleukin-2-dependent proliferation of CD4 (+) T cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1474-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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PVP formulated fullerene (C60) increases Rho-kinase dependent vascular tissue contractility in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 49:86-100. [PMID: 25088243 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique physiological state, in which C60 fullerene is reported to be distributed in both maternal and fetal tissues. Tissue distribution of C60 differs between pregnant and non-pregnant states, presumably due to functional changes in vasculature during pregnancy. We hypothesized that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formulated C60 (C60/PVP) increases vascular tissue contractility during pregnancy by increasing Rho-kinase activity. C60/PVP was administered intravenously to pregnant and non-pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats. Vascular responses were assessed using wire myography 24h post-exposure. Increased stress generation was observed in uterine artery, thoracic aorta and umbilical vein. Rho-Rho-kinase mediated force maintenance was increased in arterial segments from C60/PVP exposed pregnant rats when compared to PVP exposed rats. Our findings suggest that intravenous exposure to C60/PVP during pregnancy increases vascular tissue contractility of the uterine artery through elements of Rho-Rho-kinase signaling during late stages of pregnancy.
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Jiao Q, Li L, Mu Q, Zhang Q. Immunomodulation of nanoparticles in nanomedicine applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:426028. [PMID: 24949448 PMCID: PMC4052466 DOI: 10.1155/2014/426028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have promising applications in medicine. Immune system is an important protective system to defend organisms from non-self matters. NPs interact with the immune system and modulate its function, leading to immunosuppression or immunostimulation. These modulating effects may bring benefits or danger. Compositions, sizes, and surface chemistry, and so forth, affect these immunomodulations. Here we give an overview of the relationship between the physicochemical properties of NPs, which are candidates to be applied in medicine, and their immunomodulation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingxin Mu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125, USA
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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22
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Turabekova M, Rasulev B, Theodore M, Jackman J, Leszczynska D, Leszczynski J. Immunotoxicity of nanoparticles: a computational study suggests that CNTs and C60 fullerenes might be recognized as pathogens by Toll-like receptors. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3488-95. [PMID: 24548972 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05772k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a great deal of attention has been devoted to study the inflammatory response upon exposure to multi/single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and different fullerene derivatives. In particular, carbon nanoparticles are reported to provoke substantial inflammation in alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells, epidermal keratinocytes, cultured monocyte-macrophage cells, etc. We suggest a hypothetical model providing the potential mechanistic explanation for immune and inflammatory responses observed upon exposure to carbon nanoparticles. Specifically, we performed a theoretical study to analyze CNT and C60 fullerene interactions with the available X-ray structures of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) homo- and hetero-dimer extracellular domains. This assumption was based on the fact that similar to the known TLR ligands both CNTs and fullerenes induce, in cells, the secretion of certain inflammatory protein mediators, such as interleukins and chemokines. These proteins are observed within inflammation downstream processes resulted from the ligand molecule dependent inhibition or activation of TLR-induced signal transduction. Our computational studies have shown that the internal hydrophobic pockets of some TLRs might be capable of binding small-sized carbon nanostructures (5,5 armchair SWCNTs containing 11 carbon atom layers and C60 fullerene). High binding scores and minor structural alterations induced in TLR ectodomains upon binding C60 and CNTs further supported our hypothesis. Additionally, the proposed hypothesis is strengthened by the indirect experimental findings indicating that CNTs and fullerenes induce an excessive expression of specific cytokines and chemokines (i.e. IL-8 and MCP1).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Turabekova
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 J. R. Lynch Street, P. O. Box 17910, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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Umezawa M, Sekita K, Suzuki KI, Kubo-Irie M, Niki R, Ihara T, Sugamata M, Takeda K. Effect of aerosol particles generated by ultrasonic humidifiers on the lung in mouse. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:64. [PMID: 24359587 PMCID: PMC3922954 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonic humidifiers silently generate water droplets as a cool fog and produce most of the dissolved minerals in the fog in the form of an aerosolized "white dust." However, the health effect of these airborne particles is largely unknown. This study aimed to characterize the aerosol particles generated by ultrasonic humidifiers and to investigate their effect on the lung tissue of mice. METHODS An ultrasonic humidifier was operated with tap water, high-silica water, ultrapure water, or other water types. In a chamber (0.765 m3, ventilation ratio 11.5 m3/hr), male ICR mice (10-week-old) were exposed by inhalation to an aerosol-containing vapor generated by the humidifier. After exposure for 7 or 14 days, lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected from each mouse and examined by microarray, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and light and electron microscopy. RESULTS Particles generated from the humidifier operated with tap water had a mass concentration of 0.46 ± 0.03 mg/m3, number concentration of (5.0 ± 1.1) × 10(4)/cm3, and peak size distribution of 183 nm. The particles were phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages in the lung of mice. Inhalation of particles caused dysregulation of genes related to mitosis, cell adhesion molecules, MHC molecules and endocytosis, but did not induce any signs of inflammation or tissue injury in the lung. CONCLUSION These results indicate that aerosol particles released from ultrasonic humidifiers operated with tap water initiated a cellular response but did not cause severe acute inflammation in pulmonary tissue. Additionally, high mineral content tap water is not recommended and de-mineralized water should be recommended in order to exclude any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Umezawa
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Park EJ, Roh J, Kim Y, Park K. Induction of Inflammatory Responses by Carbon Fullerene (C60) in Cultured RAW264.7 Cells and in Intraperitoneally Injected Mice. Toxicol Res 2013; 26:267-73. [PMID: 24278534 PMCID: PMC3834498 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2010.26.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the use of carbon fullerene increases in the chemical industry, the concern over its biological and toxicological effects is also increasing. In this study, the suspension of carbon fullerene (C60) in phosphate buffered saline was prepared and toxicity was investigated using cultured RAW 264.7 and in intraperitoneally injected mice, respectively. The average size of carbon fullerene in the suspension was 53.7 ± 26.5 nm when determined by particle size analyzer. Cell viability was significantly decreased by the exposure of carbon fullerene (0.25~2.00 μg/ml) for 96 hrs in the cultured RAW 264.7 cells. Intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level was also decreased compared to the level of the non-treated control group during the exposure period, while the level of nitric oxide was increased. When mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon fullerene, serum cytokine levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were increased with the increased expression of inflammatory genes in peritoneal macrophage and T cell distribution in blood lymphocytes.The results suggested inflammatory responses were induced by carbon fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714
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25
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Yamagishi Y, Watari A, Hayata Y, Li X, Kondoh M, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y, Yagi K. Acute and chronic nephrotoxicity of platinum nanoparticles in mice. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:395. [PMID: 24059288 PMCID: PMC3849727 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles are being utilized in various industrial applications, including in catalysis, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. Although reducing the size of the nanoparticles improves the physicochemical properties and provides useful performance characteristics, the safety of the material remains a major concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biological effects of platinum particles less than 1 nm in size (snPt1). In mice administered with a single intravenous dose of snPt1, histological analysis revealed necrosis of tubular epithelial cells and urinary casts in the kidney, without obvious toxic effects in the lung, spleen, and heart. These mice exhibited dose-dependent elevation of blood urea nitrogen, an indicator of kidney damage. Direct application of snPt1 to in vitro cultures of renal cells induced significant cytotoxicity. In mice administered for 4 weeks with twice-weekly intraperitoneal snPt1, histological analysis of the kidney revealed urinary casts, tubular atrophy, and inflammatory cell accumulation. Notably, these toxic effects were not observed in mice injected with 8-nm platinum particles, either by single- or multiple-dose administration. Our findings suggest that exposure to platinum particles of less than 1 nm in size may induce nephrotoxicity and disrupt some kidney functions. However, this toxicity may be reduced by increasing the nanoparticle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamagishi
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Watari
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Hayata
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Xiangru Li
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratories of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Laboratories of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yagi
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Chuang SM, Lee YH, Liang RY, Roam GD, Zeng ZM, Tu HF, Wang SK, Chueh PJ. Extensive evaluations of the cytotoxic effects of gold nanoparticles. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4960-73. [PMID: 23811345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many in vitro studies have revealed that the interference of dye molecules in traditional nanoparticle cytotoxicity assays results in controversial conclusions. The aim of this study is to establish an extensive and systematic method for evaluating biological effects of gold nanoparticles in mammalian cell lines. METHODS We establish the cell-impedance measurement system, a label-free, real-time cell monitoring platform that measures electrical impedance, displaying results as cell index values, in a variety of mammalian cell lines. Cytotoxic effects of gold nanoparticles are also evaluated with traditional in vitro assays. RESULTS Among the six cell lines, gold nanoparticles induce a dose-dependent suppression of cell growth with different levels of severity and the suppressive effect of gold nanoparticles was indirectly associated with their sizes and cellular uptake. Mechanistic studies revealed that the action of gold nanoparticles is mediated by apoptosis induction or cell cycle delay, depending on cell type and cellular context. Although redox signaling is often linked to the toxicity of nanoparticles, in this study, we found that gold nanoparticle-mediated reactive oxygen species generation was not sustained to notably modulate proteins involved in antioxidative defense system. CONCLUSION The cell-impedance measurement system, a dye-free, real-time screening platform, provides a reliable analysis for monitoring gold nanoparticle cytotoxicity in a variety of mammalian cell lines. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles induce cellular signaling and several sets of gene expression to modulate cellular physical processes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The systematic approach, such as cell-impedance measurement, analyzing the toxicology of nanomaterials offers convincing evidence of the cytotoxicity of gold nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Comparison of cellular uptake and inflammatory response via toll-like receptor 4 to lipopolysaccharide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13154-70. [PMID: 23803652 PMCID: PMC3742180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is the earliest cellular response to infectious agents and mediates the interactions between microbes and cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in these interactions. We have already shown that TLRs are involved with the uptake of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and promote inflammatory responses. In this paper, we compared role of cellular uptake and inflammatory response via TLR 4 to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TiO2 NPs. In the case of LPS, LPS binds to LPS binding protein (LBP) and CD 14, and then this complex binds to TLR 4. In the case of TiO2 NPs, the necessity of LBP and CD 14 to induce the inflammatory response and for uptake by cells was investigated using over-expression, antibody blocking, and siRNA knockdown experiments. Our results suggested that for cellular uptake of TiO2 NPs, TLR 4 did not form a complex with LBP and CD 14. In the TiO2 NP-mediated inflammatory response, TLR 4 acted as the signaling receptor without protein complex of LPS, LBP and CD 14. The results suggested that character of TiO2 NPs might be similar to the complex of LPS, LBP and CD 14. These results are important for development of safer nanomaterials.
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Morimoto Y, Horie M, Kobayashi N, Shinohara N, Shimada M. Inhalation toxicity assessment of carbon-based nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:770-81. [PMID: 22574947 DOI: 10.1021/ar200311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the demand for nanomaterials has grown, researchers have not conclusively determined the effects of nanomaterials on the human body. To understand the effects of nanomaterials on occupational health, we need to estimate the respiratory toxicity of nanomaterials through inhalation studies, intratracheal instillation studies, and pharyngeal aspiration studies. The discrepancies observed among these studies tend to result from differences in the physiochemical properties of nanomaterials, such as aggregation and dispersion. Therefore, in all toxicity studies, identification of the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials is essential. This Account reviews the inhalation toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials and compares them with inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of well-characterized fullerene and carbon nanotubes. In many reports, pulmonary inflammation and injury served as pulmonary endpoints for the inhalation toxicity. To assess pulmonary inflammation, we examined neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in the alveolar and/or interstitial space, and the expression of the neutrophil and/or monocyte chemokines. We also reported the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the expression of oxidative stress-related genes characteristic of lung injury, and the presence of granulomatous lesion and pulmonary fibrosis. In the inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of well-characterized fullerenes, exposure to fullerene did not induce pulmonary inflammation or transient inflammation. By contrast, in an inhalation study, a high concentration of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) induced neutrophil inflammation or granulomatous formations in the lung, and intratracheal instillation of MWCNTs and SWCNTs induced persistent inflammation in the lung. Among the physicochemical properties of carbon nanotubes, the increased surface area is associated with inflammatory activity as measured by the increase in the rate of neutrophils measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Metal impurities such as iron and nickel enhanced the pulmonary toxicity of carbon nanotubes, and SWCNTs that included an amorphous carbon induced multifocal granulomas in the lung while purer SWCNTs did not. The aggregation state also affects pulmonary response: Exposure to well-dispersed carbon nanotubes led to the thickening of the alveolar wall and fewer granulomatous lesions in the lung, while agglomerated carbon nanotubes produced granulomatous inflammation. The values of the acceptable exposure concentration in some countries were based on the data of subacute and subchronic inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of well-characterized fullerene and carbon nanotubes. In Japan, the acceptable exposure concentration of fullerene is 0.39 mg/m³. In Europe, the proposal concentration is 44.4 μg/m³ for acute toxicity and 0.27 μg/m³ for chronic toxicity. The proposal acceptable exposure concentrations of carbon nanotubes are 0.03, 0.05, and 0.007 mg/m³ in Japan, Europe, and the United States, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health (UOEH), Japan
| | - Masanori Horie
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health (UOEH), Japan
| | | | - Naohide Shinohara
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Manabu Shimada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Park EJ, Kwon HK, Choi YM, Shin HJ, Choi S. Doxorubicin induces cytotoxicity through upregulation of pERK-dependent ATF3. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44990. [PMID: 23028726 PMCID: PMC3441731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although doxorubicin is commonly used in the treatment of many cancer types, its use in chemotherapy has been limited, largely because of its severe side effects, including cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity by using the human kidney proximal tubule cell line HK-2. Furthermore, we investigated the role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) as a mediator of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity by using wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells and ATF3 knockout (KO) cells. In HK-2 cells, doxorubicin decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and induced an increase in cells in the sub G1 and G2/M phases at all doses. Doxorubicin treatment showed the following dose-dependent effects: increase in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha; decrease in the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A and Bcl-2; and increase in the expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and ATF3. Based on these results, we suggest that doxorubicin induces cytotoxicity through an ERK-dependent pathway, and ATF3 plays a pivotal role as a transcriptional regulator in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jun Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Toxicity of pristine versus functionalized fullerenes: mechanisms of cell damage and the role of oxidative stress. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1809-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Ema M, Tanaka J, Kobayashi N, Naya M, Endoh S, Maru J, Hosoi M, Nagai M, Nakajima M, Hayashi M, Nakanishi J. Genotoxicity evaluation of fullerene C60 nanoparticles in a comet assay using lung cells of intratracheally instilled rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 62:419-24. [PMID: 22306441 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of fullerene C(60) nanoparticles was evaluated in vivo with comet assays using the lung cells of rats given C(60) nanoparticles. The C(60) nanoparticles were intratracheally instilled as a single dose at 0.5 or 2.5mg/kg or repeated dose at 0.1 or 0.5mg/kg, once a week for 5 weeks, to male rats. The lungs were obtained 3 or 24h after a single instillation and 3h after repeated instillation. Inflammatory responses were observed in the lungs obtained 24h after a single instillation at 2.5mg/kg and repeated instillation at 0.5mg/kg. Histopathological examinations revealed that C(60) nanoparticles caused slight changes including hemorrhages in alveoli and the cellular infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in alveoli. In comet assays using rat lung cells, no increase in % Tail DNA was found in any group given C(60) nanoparticles. These findings indicate that C(60) nanoparticles had no potential for DNA damage in comet assays using the lungs cells of rats given C(60) even at doses causing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ema
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
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Ding N, Kunugita N, Ichinose T, Song Y, Yokoyama M, Arashidani K, Yoshida Y. Intratracheal administration of fullerene nanoparticles activates splenic CD11b+ cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 194:324-330. [PMID: 21872392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Biological responses to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) depend on the physicochemical properties of the DEPs. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26749. [PMID: 22039547 PMCID: PMC3198839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are the main components of ambient particulate materials, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-PAHs, heavy metals, and gaseous materials. Many epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological studies have shown that ambient particles, including DEPs, are associated with respiratory disorders, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and lung cancer. However, the relationship between the biological response to DEPs and their chemical composition remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties of DEPs before toxicological studies, and then administered a single intratracheal instillation of DEPs to mice. The mice were then killed 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after DEP exposure to observe the biological responses induced by DEPs over time. Our findings suggest that DEPs engulfed into cells induced a Th2-type inflammatory response followed by DNA damage, whereas DEPs not engulfed into cells induced a Th1-type inflammatory response. Further, the physicochemical properties, including surface charge, particle size, and chemical composition, of DEPs play a crucial role in determining the biological responses to DEPs. Consequently, we suggest that the biological response to DEPs depend on cell-particle interaction and the physicochemical properties of the particles.
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Biological toxicity and inflammatory response of semi-single-walled carbon nanotubes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25892. [PMID: 22016783 PMCID: PMC3189226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicological studies on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been urgently needed from the emerging diverse applications of CNTs. Physicochemical properties such as shape, diameter, conductance, surface charge and surface chemistry of CNTs gained during manufacturing processes play a key role in the toxicity. In this study, we separated the semi-conductive components of SWCNTs (semi-SWCNTs) and evaluated the toxicity on days 1, 7, 14 and 28 after intratracheal instillation in order to determine the role of conductance. Exposure to semi-SWCNTs significantly increased the growth of mice and significantly decreased the relative ratio of brain weight to body weight. Recruitment of monocytes into the bloodstream increased in a time-dependent manner, and significant hematological changes were observed 28 days after exposure. In the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, secretion of Th2-type cytokines, particularly IL-10, was more predominant than Th1-type cytokines, and expression of regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), p53, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased in a time-dependent manner. Fibrotic histopathological changes peaked on day 7 and decreased 14 days after exposure. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mesothelin, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) also peaked on day 7, while that of TGF-β peaked on days 7 and 14. Secretion of histamine in BAL fluid decreased in a time-dependent manner. Consequently, we suggest that the brain is the target organ of semi-SWCNTs brought into the lung, and conductance as well as length may be critical factors affecting the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response following SWCNT exposure.
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Ogami A, Yamamoto K, Morimoto Y, Fujita K, Hirohashi M, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Nishi K, Kadoya C, Todoroki M, Yamamoto M, Murakami M, Shimada M, Wang WN, Shinohara N, Endoh S, Uchida K, Nakanishi J, Tanaka I. Pathological features of rat lung following inhalation and intratracheal instillation of C(60) fullerene. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:407-16. [PMID: 21639709 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.580386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the pulmonary pathological features of rats that received a single intratracheal instillation and a 4-week inhalation of a fullerene. We used fullerene C(60) (nanom purple; Frontier Carbon Co. Ltd, Japan) in this study. Male Wistar rats received intratracheal dose of 0.1, 0.2, or 1 mg of C(60), and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. In the inhalation study, Wistar rats received C(60) or nickel oxide by whole-body inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks, and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the end of exposure. During the observation period, no tumors or granulomas were observed in either study. Histopathological evaluation by the point counting method (PCM) showed that a high dose of C(60) (1 mg) instillation led to a significant increase of areas of inflammation in the early phase (until 1 week). In the inhalation study of the C(60)-exposed group, PCM evaluation showed significant changes in the C(60)-exposed group only at 3 days after exposure; after 1 month, no significant changes were observed. The present study demonstrated that the pulmonary inflammation pattern after exposure to well-characterized C(60) via both intratracheal and inhalation instillation was slight and transient. These results support our previous studies that showed C(60) has no significant adverse effects in intratracheal and inhalation instillation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ogami
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Shinohara N, Gamo M, Nakanishi J. Fullerene c60: inhalation hazard assessment and derivation of a period-limited acceptable exposure level. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:576-89. [PMID: 21856993 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerene C(60) has great potential for use in many industry and medical nanotechnology applications. Although the use of nanomaterials has been increasing in the recent years, limited information about its potential hazardous effects is available. Therefore, safety of nanomaterials is a world concern. Before health effects arise in workers and the general population, development and use under appropriate management are desirable. Therefore, we aimed to determine an acceptable exposure level for humans by reviewing the limited animal toxicity data available. Here, we present an initial hazard assessment, including a review of the available toxicity information of the effects of C(60) on the lungs. We then estimated the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of C(60) on rat lung toxicity by using lung retention of C(60) in inhalation exposure and intratracheal instillation tests. The NOAEL of C(60) on rat lung toxicity was estimated to be 3.1 mg/m(3). Because this is the NOAEL for subchronic toxicity, a period-limited acceptable exposure level (AEL(PL)) for humans was proposed, which assumed 15 years of exposure and modification within the next 10 years since more knowledge will be gained in the future. The AEL(PL) of C(60) particles with a geometric mean of 96 nm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 2.0 was estimated to be 0.39 mg/m(3) for healthy workers and 1.4 × 10(-2) mg/m(3) for the general human population. The AEL(PL) of C(60) particles with different sizes was estimated to be for healthy workers and for the general human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Shinohara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
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Chu CC, Tsai YJ, Hsiao LC, Wang L. Controlled Self-Aggregation of C60-Anchored Multiarmed Polyacrylic Acids and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2013404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Tsai
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chia Hsiao
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Leeyih Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Gao N, Zhang Q, Mu Q, Bai Y, Li L, Zhou H, Butch ER, Powell TB, Snyder SE, Jiang G, Yan B. Steering carbon nanotubes to scavenger receptor recognition by nanotube surface chemistry modification partially alleviates NFκB activation and reduces its immunotoxicity. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4581-91. [PMID: 21595480 PMCID: PMC3138538 DOI: 10.1021/nn200283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cause perturbations in immune systems and limit the application of CNTs in biomedicine. Here we demonstrate that a surface chemistry modification on multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) reduces their immune perturbations in mice and in macrophages. The modified MWCNTs change their preferred binding pattern from mannose receptor to scavenger receptor. This switch significantly alleviates NFκB activation and reduces immunotoxicity of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qingxin Mu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105 U.S.A
| | - Yuhong Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105 U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth R. Butch
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105 U.S.A
| | - Tremaine B. Powell
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085,China
| | - Scott E. Snyder
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105 U.S.A
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085,China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105 U.S.A
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Park EJ, Roh J, Kim Y, Park K, Kim DS, Yu SD. PM 2.5 collected in a residential area induced Th1-type inflammatory responses with oxidative stress in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:348-355. [PMID: 21256479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologists have tried to establish an association between human health and exposure to particulate matter (PM). In addition, many researchers have investigated the adverse effects of PM as a trigger of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It is known that a number of environmental contaminants are attached to PM and the toxicity of PM may depend on the sources. We investigated the effects of PM collected in a residential area of Seoul on the immunotoxic responses including cytokine production in BAL fluid and in blood after a single intratracheal instillation in mice with the characterization of physico-chemical properties of PM 2.5 samples. As results, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6), Th0-type cytokine (IL-2), and Th1-type cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-γ) were increased by a dose-dependent manner. Cell infiltration in the alveolar area and phagocytosis by macrophage was observed until day 28 after instillation. The expressions of oxidative stress-related genes (HSP 1a, HSP 8, and SOD) and tissue damage-related genes (MMP-15, -19, and Slpi) were time-dependently increased. PM 2.5 also induced an increase of T cell distribution in lymphocyte and decreased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Based on the results, we suggest that PM 2.5 collected in a residential area of Seoul may induce Th1 type-inflammatory responses with oxidative stress and trigger adverse effects in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Environmental Health Risk Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
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Cattaneo AG, Gornati R, Sabbioni E, Chiriva-Internati M, Cobos E, Jenkins MR, Bernardini G. Nanotechnology and human health: risks and benefits. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 30:730-44. [PMID: 21117037 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is expected to be promising in many fields of medical applications, mainly in cancer treatment. While a large number of very attractive exploitations open up for the clinics, regulatory agencies are very careful in admitting new nanomaterials for human use because of their potential toxicity. The very active research on new nanomaterials that are potentially useful in medicine has not been counterbalanced by an adequate knowledge of their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The different nanocarriers used to transport and release the active molecules to the target tissues should be treated as additives, with potential side effects of themselves or by virtue of their dissolution or aggregation inside the body. Only recently has a systematic classification of nanomaterials been proposed, posing the basis for dedicated modeling at the nanoscale level. The use of in silico methods, such as nano-QSAR and PSAR, while highly desirable to expedite and rationalize the following stages of toxicological research, are not an alternative, but an introduction to mandatory experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giulia Cattaneo
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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41
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Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Matsuyama K, Nakazato Y, Matsuo K, Arimori A, Isobe M, Tochigi S, Kondoh S, Hirai T, Akase T, Yamashita T, Yamashita K, Yoshida T, Nagano K, Abe Y, Yoshioka Y, Kamada H, Imazawa T, Itoh N, Nakagawa S, Mayumi T, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y. Systemic distribution, nuclear entry and cytotoxicity of amorphous nanosilica following topical application. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2713-24. [PMID: 21262533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nanomaterials (NMs) with particle sizes below 100 nm have been successfully employed in various industrial applications in medicine, cosmetics and foods. On the other hand, NMs can also be problematic in terms of eliciting a toxicological effect by their small size. However, biological and/or cellular responses to NMs are often inconsistent and even contradictory. In addition, relationships among NMs physicochemical properties, absorbency, localization and biological responses are not yet well understood. In order to open new frontiers in medical, cosmetics and foods fields by the safer NMs, it is necessary to collect the information of the detailed properties of NMs and then, build the prediction system of NMs safety. The present study was designed to examine the skin penetration, cellular localization, and cytotoxic effects of the well-dispersed amorphous silica particles of diameters ranging from 70 nm to 1000 nm. Our results suggested that the well-dispersed amorphous nanosilica of particle size 70 nm (nSP70) penetrated the skin barrier and caused systemic exposure in mouse, and induced mutagenic activity in vitro. Our information indicated that further studies of relation between physicochemical properties and biological responses are needed for the development and the safer form of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nabeshi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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42
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Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Arimori A, Yoshida T, Tochigi S, Hirai T, Akase T, Nagano K, Abe Y, Kamada H, Tsunoda SI, Itoh N, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y. Effect of surface properties of silica nanoparticles on their cytotoxicity and cellular distribution in murine macrophages. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:93. [PMID: 21711578 PMCID: PMC3212243 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface properties are often hypothesized to be important factors in the development of safer forms of nanomaterials (NMs). However, the results obtained from studying the cellular responses to NMs are often contradictory. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the surface properties of silica nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity against a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). The surface of the silica nanoparticles was either unmodified (nSP70) or modified with amine (nSP70-N) or carboxyl groups (nSP70-C). First, the properties of the silica nanoparticles were characterized. RAW264.7 cells were then exposed to nSP70, nSP70-N, or nSP70-C, and any cytotoxic effects were monitored by analyzing DNA synthesis. The results of this study show that nSP70-N and nSP70-C have a smaller effect on DNA synthesis activity by comparison to unmodified nSP70. Analysis of the intracellular localization of the silica nanoparticles revealed that nSP70 had penetrated into the nucleus, whereas nSP70-N and nSP70-C showed no nuclear localization. These results suggest that intracellular localization is a critical factor underlying the cytotoxicity of these silica nanoparticles. Thus, the surface properties of silica nanoparticles play an important role in determining their safety. Our results suggest that optimization of the surface characteristics of silica nanoparticles will contribute to the development of safer forms of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nabeshi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Akihiro Arimori
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tokuyuki Yoshida
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Saeko Tochigi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takanori Akase
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nagano
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Abe
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Norio Itoh
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Matsuyama K, Nakazato Y, Tochigi S, Kondoh S, Hirai T, Akase T, Nagano K, Abe Y, Yoshioka Y, Kamada H, Itoh N, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y. Amorphous nanosilica induce endocytosis-dependent ROS generation and DNA damage in human keratinocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:1. [PMID: 21235812 PMCID: PMC3030505 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clarifying the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials is crucial for hazard assessment and the safe application of these substances. With this in mind, we analyzed the relationship between particle size and the in vitro effect of amorphous nanosilica (nSP). Specifically, we evaluated the relationship between particle size of nSP and the in vitro biological effects using human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Results Our results indicate that exposure to nSP of 70 nm diameter (nSP70) induced an elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to DNA damage. A markedly reduced response was observed using submicron-sized silica particles of 300 and 1000 nm diameter. In addition, cytochalasin D-treatment reduced nSP70-mediated ROS generation and DNA damage, suggesting that endocytosis is involved in nSP70-mediated cellular effects. Conclusions Thus, particle size affects amorphous silica-induced ROS generation and DNA damage of HaCaT cells. We believe clarification of the endocytosis pathway of nSP will provide useful information for hazard assessment as well as the design of safer forms of nSPs.
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Horibata K, Ukai A, Koyama N, Takagi A, Kanno J, Kimoto T, Miura D, Hirose A, Honma M. Fullerene (C60) Is Negative in the In Vivo Pig-A Gene Mutation Assay. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y. Safety Evaluation Study of Nanomaterials Aimed at Promoting Their Acceptance by Society. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Review of fullerene toxicity and exposure – Appraisal of a human health risk assessment, based on open literature. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 58:455-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Blazer-Yost BL, Banga A, Amos A, Chernoff E, Lai X, Li C, Mitra S, Witzmann FA. Effect of carbon nanoparticles on renal epithelial cell structure, barrier function, and protein expression. Nanotoxicology 2010; 5:354-71. [PMID: 21067278 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.514076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To assess effects of carbon nanoparticle (CNP) exposure on renal epithelial cells, fullerenes (C(60)), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were incubated with a confluent renal epithelial line for 48 h. At low concentrations, CNP-treated cells exhibited significant decreases in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) but no changes in hormone-stimulated ion transport or CNP-induced toxicity or stress responses as measured by lactate dehydrogenase or cytokine release. The changes in TEER, manifested as an inverse relationship with CNP concentration, were mirrored by an inverse correlation between dose and changes in protein expression. Lower, more physiologically relevant, concentrations of CNP have the most profound effects on barrier cell function and protein expression. These results indicate an impact of CNPs on renal epithelial cells at concentrations lower than have been previously studied and suggest caution with regard to increasing CNP levels entering the food chain due to increasing environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Blazer-Yost
- Department of Biology , Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Morimoto Y, Kobayashi N, Shinohara N, Myojo T, Tanaka I, Nakanishi J. Hazard assessments of manufactured nanomaterials. J Occup Health 2010; 52:325-34. [PMID: 20972355 DOI: 10.1539/joh.r10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been difficult to make reliable hazard assessments of manufactured nanomaterials, because the nanomaterials form large agglomerations in both in vitro and in vivo studies. OBJECTIVE In the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Project of Japan, the physicochemical properties of many manufactured nanomaterials are being measured, and in vitro and in vivo studies are being performed to determine which endpoints are correspond to the hazards and risks of nanomaterials. Focusing on titanium dioxide, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, we introduce findings made in inhalation and intratracheal installation studies overseas, and together with the findings made in the NEDO project, and also assess the hazards presented by manufactured nanomaterials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A project by NEDO has succeeded in ensuring the stability of dispersion (nanoscale <100 nm) of manufactured nanomaterials, and is developing hazard assessments of manufactured nanomaterials. In these interim reports, the acceptable exposure concentration of titanium dioxide and fullerene was proposed to be 1.2 mg/m(3) and 0.8 mg/m(3) respirable dust in working environment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishiku, Iseigaoka 1-1, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Li JJ, Muralikrishnan S, Ng CT, Yung LYL, Bay BH. Nanoparticle-induced pulmonary toxicity. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:1025-33. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, advances in nanotechnology engineering have given rise to the rapid development of many novel applications in the biomedical field. However, studies into the health and safety of these nanomaterials are still lacking. The main concerns are the adverse effects to health caused by acute or chronic exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), especially in the workplace environment. The lung is one of the main routes of entry for NPs into the body and, hence, a likely site for accumulation of NPs. Once NPs enter the interstitial air spaces and are quickly taken up by alveolar cells, they are likely to induce toxic effects. In this review, we highlight the different aspects of lung toxicity resulting from NP exposure, such as generation of oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation leading to fibrosis and pneumoconiosis, and the underlying mechanisms causing pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Jia'en Li
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Blk MD10, Singapore117597
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Sindu Muralikrishnan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Teng Ng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Lin-Yue Lanry Yung
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Blk MD10, Singapore117597
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Dhawan A, Sharma V. Toxicity assessment of nanomaterials: methods and challenges. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:589-605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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