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Kolosova II, Shatorna VF. Toxicity of cadmium salts on indicators of embryogenesis of rats. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal which is considered a dangerous environmental pollutant and has a detrimental effect on the organs of the reproductive system, the period of implantation and the development of embryos. The experiment presented in this article established the effect of cadmium salts (chloride and citrate) on the general progress of embryogenesis. For this purpose, 60 rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental group with cadmium chloride exposure and experimental group with cadmium citrate exposure. Cadmium chloride solvent, cadmium citrate solvent at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and distilled intragastric water were injected from the first to the thirteenth (first subgroup) and from the first to the twentieth days of embryogenesis (second subgroup). When cadmium chloride was injected, total embryonic (by 4.24 and 3.67 times), pre-implantation (by 6.50 and 14.03 times) and post-implantation mortality (by 3.07 and 2.49 times) increased with a reduction of the number of surviving fetuses by 24.0% and 25.9% compared with the control group on the 13th and 20th days of embryogenesis respectively. At the same time, during exposure to cadmium citrate, indicators of total embryonic mortality increased by 4.02 and 3.52 times, pre-implantation mortality by 6.04 and 13.03 times, and post-implantation mortality by 3.09 and 2.26 times, and indicators of the number of live fetuses decreased by 18.3% and 22.2% in relation to the control group. When determining the accumulation of cadmium in embryos on the 20th day of gestation, polyelement analysis of biological materials using the atomic emission method with electric arc atomization revealed a 15.83-fold increase in cadmium chloride and 9.00 times in cadmium citrate relative to the control group. Embryolethality rates increased in animals of both experimental groups while the number of live fetuses per female decreased, which indicated an obvious embryotoxic effect of cadmium compounds. It is would be useful to conduct histological studies, which will help detect changes at the tissue level and possibly explain the level of embryonic mortality.
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Skalny AV, Aschner M, Bobrovnitsky IP, Chen P, Tsatsakis A, Paoliello MMB, Buha Djordevic A, Tinkov AA. Environmental and health hazards of military metal pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111568. [PMID: 34174260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing body of literature has demonstrated that armed conflicts and military activity may contribute to environmental pollution with metals, although the existing data are inconsistent. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss potential sources of military-related metal emissions, environmental metal contamination, as well as routes of metal exposure and their health hazards in relation to military activities. Emission of metals into the environment upon military activity occurs from weapon residues containing high levels of particles containing lead (Pb; leaded ammunition), copper (Cu; unleaded), and depleted uranium (DU). As a consequence, military activity results in soil contamination with Pb and Cu, as well as other metals including Cd, Sb, Cr, Ni, Zn, with subsequent metal translocation to water, thus increasing the risk of human exposure. Biomonitoring studies have demonstrated increased accumulation of metals in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrate species (fish, birds, mammals). Correspondingly, military activity is associated with human metal exposure that results from inhalation or ingestion of released particles, as well as injuries with subsequent metal release from embedded fragments. It is also notable that local metal accumulation following military injury may occur even without detectable fragments. Nonetheless, data on health effects of military-related metal exposures have yet to be systematized. The existing data demonstrate adverse neurological, cardiovascular, and reproductive outcomes in exposed military personnel. Moreover, military-related metal exposures also result in adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in children living within adulterated territories. Experimental in vivo and in vitro studies also demonstrated toxic effects of specific metals as well as widely used metal alloys, although laboratory data report much wider spectrum of adverse effects as compared to epidemiological studies. Therefore, further epidemiological, biomonitoring and laboratory studies are required to better characterize military-related metal exposures and their underlying mechanisms of their adverse toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Igor P Bobrovnitsky
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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Thomas VG. Chemical compositional standards for non-lead hunting ammunition and fishing weights. AMBIO 2019; 48:1072-1078. [PMID: 30547429 PMCID: PMC6675850 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of non-lead, non-toxic, gunshot used for hunting waterfowl is regulated only in Canada and the USA. No nation regulates the composition of non-lead fishing weights, rifle bullets, and gunshot used for upland game hunting. Compositional criteria for these non-lead products are proposed here, based on established experimental toxicity protocols. Because of the demonstrated acute toxicity of ingested zinc shot to birds, fishing weights and gunshot should never be made of this pure metal. Nickel should be avoided as an incidental component of gunshot because of potential carcinogenicity concerns about such embedded shot in birds and other animals. These compositional criteria could be adopted by all nations undertaking the transition to non-lead fishing weights and hunting ammunition. The listed criteria would facilitate production and international trade in non-lead products, and promote easier enforcement and user compliance with non-lead standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon G Thomas
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Uboldi C, Sanles Sobrido M, Bernard E, Tassistro V, Herlin-Boime N, Vrel D, Garcia-Argote S, Roche S, Magdinier F, Dinescu G, Malard V, Lebaron-Jacobs L, Rose J, Rousseau B, Delaporte P, Grisolia C, Orsière T. In Vitro Analysis of the Effects of ITER-Like Tungsten Nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity and Epigenotoxicity in BEAS-2B Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091233. [PMID: 31480309 PMCID: PMC6780084 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten was chosen as a wall component to interact with the plasma generated by the International Thermonuclear Experimental fusion Reactor (ITER). Nevertheless, during plasma operation tritiated tungsten nanoparticles (W-NPs) will be formed and potentially released into the environment following a Loss-Of-Vacuum-Accident, causing occupational or accidental exposure. We therefore investigated, in the bronchial human-derived BEAS-2B cell line, the cytotoxic and epigenotoxic effects of two types of ITER-like W-NPs (plasma sputtering or laser ablation), in their pristine, hydrogenated, and tritiated forms. Long exposures (24 h) induced significant cytotoxicity, especially for the hydrogenated ones. Plasma W-NPs impaired cytostasis more severely than the laser ones and both types and forms of W-NPs induced significant micronuclei formation, as shown by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Single DNA strand breaks, potentially triggered by oxidative stress, occurred upon exposure to W-NPs and independently of their form, as observed by alkaline comet assay. After 24 h it was shown that more than 50% of W was dissolved via oxidative dissolution. Overall, our results indicate that W-NPs can affect the in vitro viability of BEAS-2B cells and induce epigenotoxic alterations. We could not observe significant differences between plasma and laser W-NPs so their toxicity might not be triggered by the synthesis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Uboldi
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marcos Sanles Sobrido
- CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Elodie Bernard
- CNRS, LP3, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Aix Marseille Université, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Virginie Tassistro
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Dominique Vrel
- LSPM, Université Paris 13, UPR 3407 CNRS, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | | | - Stéphane Roche
- INSERM, MMG, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Gheorghe Dinescu
- INFLPR, 409 Atomistilor Street, Magurele, 77125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Véronique Malard
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Aix Marseille Université, 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | | | - Jerome Rose
- CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- CEA, SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Orsière
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Hu J, Lin B, Yuan M, Lao Z, Wu K, Zeng Y, Liang Z, Li H, Li Y, Zhu D, Liu J, Fan H. Trace metal pollution and ecological risk assessment in agricultural soil in Dexing Pb/Zn mining area, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:967-980. [PMID: 30264359 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface agricultural soil samples obtained from Dexing Pb/Zn mining area in Jiangxi province were analyzed for trace metals to assess their pollution status and potential ecological risk. The spatial distributions and the major trace metals pollution sources were described and identified with the combination of chemical measures and geographic information systems technology. The level of pollution in seven metals is decreasing in the following order: zinc (Zn 128.9 mg/kg) > chromium (Cr 64.1 mg/kg) > lead (Pb 58.4 mg/kg) > arsenic (As 45.3 mg/kg) > copper (Cu 41.9 mg/kg) > nickel (Ni 31.3 mg/kg) > cadmium (Cd 1.5 mg/kg). Trace metal spatial distribution maps established by geographic information system techniques displayed two high-pollution zones around mining sites in the study area. Multivariate statistical analyses were also applied, and the results demonstrated that Cd, As, Pb, Cu and Zn in the soils originated from mining activities, whereas Cr and Ni primarily originated from natural sources. The values of pollution index ranged from 4.79 to 71.59, and the values of modified pollution index ranged from 1.98 to 24.69. Moreover, the potential ecological risk values ranged from 264.0 to 3263.5, which indicated considerable ecological risk to very high ecological risk. The potential ecological risk values and other soil contamination indices showed similar patterns that the high-risk areas were around Dexing Pb/Zn mining site. The surface agricultural soil in study area is heavily to extremely polluted , with Cd that made the most dominant contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Boji Lin
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Meiyi Yuan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhilang Lao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kangming Wu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huiru Li
- State Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Yanliang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dan Zhu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junlong Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hongbo Fan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
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Comparative Assessment of Tungsten Toxicity in the Absence or Presence of Other Metals. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6040066. [PMID: 30423906 PMCID: PMC6315525 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is a refractory metal that is used in a wide range of applications. It was initially perceived that tungsten was immobile in the environment, supporting tungsten as an alternative for lead and uranium in munition and military applications. Recent studies report movement and detection of tungsten in soil and potable water sources, increasing the risk of human exposure. In addition, experimental research studies observed adverse health effects associated with exposure to tungsten alloys, raising concerns on tungsten toxicity with questions surrounding the safety of exposure to tungsten alone or in mixtures with other metals. Tungsten is commonly used as an alloy with nickel and cobalt in many applications to adjust hardness and thermal and electrical conductivity. This review addresses the current state of knowledge in regard to the mechanisms of toxicity of tungsten in the absence or presence of other metals with a specific focus on mixtures containing nickel and cobalt, the most common components of tungsten alloy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tungsten is an emerging environmental toxicant, yet our understanding of the potential risks of exposure on human health is still limited. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we will discuss populations most at risk of exposure to high concentrations of tungsten. In addition, we will highlight what is known about the toxicity profile of tungsten compounds, based on epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo studies, focusing on bone, immune, pulmonary, and cancer outcomes. Of note, emerging evidence indicates that tungsten can augment the effects of other stimulants, stressors, and toxicants. Of particular importance may be tungsten-cobalt mixtures that seem to be more toxic than either metal alone. This is important because it means that we cannot just evaluate the toxicity of tungsten in isolation. Finally, we still have limited information of how many of the in vitro and in vivo findings translate to human populations, so it will be important to conduct epidemiology studies in highly exposed populations to adequately address the potential risks of tungsten exposure on human health. Together, we discuss recent findings that support further investigation into the toxicities of tungsten alone and in combination with other metals.
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8
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Maiti M, Sarkar M, Liu D, Xu S, Maiti S, Paul BK, Das S. Tungsten doped hydroxyapatite processed at different temperatures: dielectric behaviour and anti-microbial properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrical and antibacterial activities of bio-compatible W/HAp synthesizedviachemical precipitation followed by annealing at different temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Maiti
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Manas Sarkar
- Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures and Materials
- College of Civil Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Shilang Xu
- Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures and Materials
- College of Civil Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Soumen Maiti
- Department of Physics
- St. Thomas College of Engineering and Technology
- India
| | | | - Sukhen Das
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- India
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Wang Y, Su H, Song X, Fiati Kenston SS, Zhao J, Gu Y. Luteolin inhibits multi-heavy metal mixture-induced HL7702 cell apoptosis through downregulation of ROS-activated mitochondrial pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:233-241. [PMID: 29115570 PMCID: PMC5746289 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid economic development in recent years, China is facing a great challenge due to heavy metal pollution. The heavy metals may enter the human body through ingestion of aqua products to cause great health risks. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of luteolin on the combined toxicity of multi-heavy metals (including zinc, manganese, lead, copper, cadmium, mercury, chromium and nickel) were investigated in HL7702 hepatocyte cells. An MTT assay demonstrated that 20 μM luteolin significantly alleviated the multi-heavy metal mixture-induced cell death and morphological changes. Furthermore, 20 μM luteolin significantly inhibited multi-heavy metal mixture-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) and caused a decrease in adenosine triphosphate levels in HL7702 cells. A JC-1 staining assay indicated that 20 μM luteolin inhibited the mitochondrial membrane potential-reducing effect of the multi-heavy metal mixture. Apoptotic assays revealed that the multi-heavy metal mixture induced HL7702 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which was significantly inhibited by 20 μM luteolin. Western blot analysis indicated that addition of luteolin to the multi-heavy metal mixture significantly alleviated cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol. In addition, 20 μM luteolin had a significant inhibitory effect on multi-heavy metal mixture-induced cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 protein. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that addition of luteolin significantly alleviated caspase-3 cleavage induced by the multi-heavy metal mixture. The present results suggested luteolin exerts its inhibitory effects of on multi-heavy metal mixture induced cell apoptosis through downregulation of the ROS-activated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, The People's Hospital of Beilun District, Beilun Branch Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, P.R. China
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10
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Morris CA, El-Hiti GA, Weeks I, Woodhead S, Smith K, Kille P. Quantitative analysis of gene expression changes in response to genotoxic compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 39:15-28. [PMID: 27825931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Techniques that quantify molecular endpoints sufficiently sensitive to identify and classify potentially toxic compounds have wide potential for high-throughput in vitro screening. Expression of three genes, RAD51C, TP53 and cystatin A (CSTA), in HEPG2 cells was measured by Q-PCR amplification. In parallel, we developed alternative assays for the same 3 gene signature based on an acridinium-ester chemiluminescent reporter molecule. HEPG2 cells were challenged with eighteen different compounds (n=18) chosen to represent compounds that are genotoxic (n=8), non-genotoxic non-carcinogenic (n=2) or have a less well defined mechanism of action with respect to genotoxicity (n=8). At least one of the three genes displayed dysregulated expression in the majority of compounds tested by Q-PCR and ten compounds changed the CSTA expression significantly. Acridinium-ester labelled probes for the three genes were synthesised and tested. Analytical sensitivity was characterised and suggested a limit of detection generally better than 0.1fmol but often 10-50 attomol. A linear amplification step was optimised and this quantitative method detected statistically significant increases in RAD51C and CSTA expression in agreement with the Q-PCR results, demonstrating the potential of this technology. The broad agreement of the amplified chemiluminescent method and Q-PCR in measuring gene expression suggests wider potential application for this chemiluminescent technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri A Morris
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Gamal A El-Hiti
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian Weeks
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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11
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Elemental tungsten, tungsten–nickel alloys and shotgun ammunition: resolving issues of their relative toxicity. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-015-0979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Harris RM, Williams TD, Waring RH, Hodges NJ. Molecular basis of carcinogenicity of tungsten alloy particles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 283:223-33. [PMID: 25620057 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The tungsten alloy of 91% tungsten, 6% nickel and 3% cobalt (WNC 91-6-3) induces rhabdomyosarcoma when implanted into a rat thigh muscle. To investigate whether this effect is species-specific human HSkMc primary muscle cells were exposed to WNC 91-6-3 particles and responses were compared with those from a rat skeletal muscle cell line (L6-C11). Toxicity was assessed by the adenylate kinase assay and microscopy, DNA damage by the Comet assay. Caspase 3 enzyme activity was measured and oligonucleotide microarrays were used for transcriptional profiling. WNC 91-6-3 particles caused toxicity in cells adjacent to the particles and also increased DNA strand breaks. Inhibition of caspase 3 by WNC 91-6-3 occurred in rat but not in human cells. In both rat and human cells, the transcriptional response to WNC 91-6-3 showed repression of transcripts encoding muscle-specific proteins with induction of glycolysis, hypoxia, stress responses and transcripts associated with DNA damage and cell death. In human cells, genes encoding metallothioneins were also induced, together with genes related to angiogenesis, dysregulation of apoptosis and proliferation consistent with pre-neoplastic changes. An alloy containing iron, WNF 97-2-1, which is non-carcinogenic in vivo in rats, did not show these transcriptional changes in vitro in either species while the corresponding cobalt-containing alloy, WNC 97-2-1 elicited similar responses to WNC 91-6-3. Tungsten alloys containing both nickel and cobalt therefore have the potential to be carcinogenic in man and in vitro assays coupled with transcriptomics can be used to identify alloys, which may lead to tumour formation, by dysregulation of biochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Harris
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tim D Williams
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rosemary H Waring
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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13
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Smeester L, Yosim AE, Nye MD, Hoyo C, Murphy SK, Fry RC. Imprinted genes and the environment: links to the toxic metals arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:477-96. [PMID: 24921406 PMCID: PMC4094944 DOI: 10.3390/genes5020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes defy rules of Mendelian genetics with their expression tied to the parent from whom each allele was inherited. They are known to play a role in various diseases/disorders including fetal growth disruption, lower birth weight, obesity, and cancer. There is increasing interest in understanding their influence on environmentally-induced disease. The environment can be thought of broadly as including chemicals present in air, water and soil, as well as food. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), some of the highest ranking environmental chemicals of concern include metals/metalloids such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. The complex relationships between toxic metal exposure, imprinted gene regulation/expression and health outcomes are understudied. Herein we examine trends in imprinted gene biology, including an assessment of the imprinted genes and their known functional roles in the cell, particularly as they relate to toxic metals exposure and disease. The data highlight that many of the imprinted genes have known associations to developmental diseases and are enriched for their role in the TP53 and AhR pathways. Assessment of the promoter regions of the imprinted genes resulted in the identification of an enrichment of binding sites for two transcription factor families, namely the zinc finger family II and PLAG transcription factors. Taken together these data contribute insight into the complex relationships between toxic metals in the environment and imprinted gene biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Andrew E Yosim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Monica D Nye
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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14
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Bardack S, Dalgard CL, Kalinich JF, Kasper CE. Genotoxic changes to rodent cells exposed in vitro to tungsten, nickel, cobalt and iron. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:2922-40. [PMID: 24619124 PMCID: PMC3987013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110302922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten-based materials have been proposed as replacements for depleted uranium in armor-penetrating munitions and for lead in small-arms ammunition. A recent report demonstrated that a military-grade composition of tungsten, nickel, and cobalt induced a highly-aggressive, metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma when implanted into the leg muscle of laboratory rats to simulate a shrapnel wound. The early genetic changes occurring in response to embedded metal fragments are not known. In this study, we utilized two cultured rodent myoblast cell lines, exposed to soluble tungsten alloys and the individual metals comprising the alloys, to study the genotoxic effects. By profiling cell transcriptomes using microarray, we found slight, yet distinct and unique, gene expression changes in rat myoblast cells after 24 h metal exposure, and several genes were identified that correlate with impending adverse consequences of ongoing exposure to weapons-grade tungsten alloy. These changes were not as apparent in the mouse myoblast cell line. This indicates a potential species difference in the cellular response to tungsten alloy, a hypothesis supported by current findings with in vivo model systems. Studies examining genotoxic-associated gene expression changes in cells from longer exposure times are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bardack
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C. 20201, USA.
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - John F Kalinich
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Christine E Kasper
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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15
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Charkhkar H, Frewin C, Nezafati M, Knaack GL, Peixoto N, Saddow SE, Pancrazio JJ. Use of cortical neuronal networks for in vitro material biocompatibility testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 53:316-23. [PMID: 24176966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural interfaces aim to restore neurological function lost during disease or injury. Novel implantable neural interfaces increasingly capitalize on novel materials to achieve microscale coupling with the nervous system. Like any biomedical device, neural interfaces should consist of materials that exhibit biocompatibility in accordance with the international standard ISO10993-5, which describes in vitro testing involving fibroblasts where cytotoxicity serves as the main endpoint. In the present study, we examine the utility of living neuronal networks as functional assays for in vitro material biocompatibility, particularly for materials that comprise implantable neural interfaces. Embryonic mouse cortical tissue was cultured to form functional networks where spontaneous action potentials, or spikes, can be monitored non-invasively using a substrate-integrated microelectrode array. Taking advantage of such a platform, we exposed established positive and negative control materials to the neuronal networks in a consistent method with ISO 10993-5 guidance. Exposure to the negative controls, gold and polyethylene, did not significantly change the neuronal activity whereas the positive controls, copper and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), resulted in reduction of network spike rate. We also compared the functional assay with an established cytotoxicity measure using L929 fibroblast cells. Our findings indicate that neuronal networks exhibit enhanced sensitivity to positive control materials. In addition, we assessed functional neurotoxicity of tungsten, a common microelectrode material, and two conducting polymer formulations that have been used to modify microelectrode properties for in vivo recording and stimulation. These data suggest that cultured neuronal networks are a useful platform for evaluating the functional toxicity of materials intended for implantation in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Charkhkar
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr. MSN 1G5, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
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16
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Cobalt triggers necrotic cell death and atrophy in skeletal C2C12 myotubes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:196-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Osterburg AR, Robinson CT, Mokashi V, Stockelman M, Schwemberger SJ, Chapman G, Babcock GF. Oral tungstate (Na2WO4) exposure reduces adaptive immune responses in mice after challenge. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 11:148-59. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.816394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Schuster B, Roszell L, Murr L, Ramirez D, Demaree J, Klotz B, Rosencrance A, Dennis W, Bao W, Perkins E, Dillman J, Bannon D. In vivo corrosion, tumor outcome, and microarray gene expression for two types of muscle-implanted tungsten alloys. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 265:128-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Verma R, Grover D, Galdzicki Z. Discovering epigenetic changes in response to tungsten-alloy treatment using next-generation sequencing technologies. BMC Proc 2012. [PMCID: PMC3467692 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-6-s6-p13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Comparison of size and geography of airborne tungsten particles in Fallon, Nevada, and Sweet Home, Oregon, with implications for public health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:509458. [PMID: 22523506 PMCID: PMC3317226 DOI: 10.1155/2012/509458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To improve understanding of possible connections between airborne tungsten and public health, size and geography of airborne tungsten particles collected in Fallon, Nevada, and Sweet Home, Oregon, were compared. Both towns have industrial tungsten facilities, but only Fallon has experienced a cluster of childhood leukemia. Fallon and Sweet Home are similar to one another by their particles of airborne tungsten being generally small in size. Meteorologically, much, if not most, of residential Fallon is downwind of its hard metal facility for at least some fraction of time at the annual scale, whereas little of residential Sweet Home is downwind of its tungsten facility. Geographically, most Fallon residents potentially spend time daily within an environment containing elevated levels of airborne tungsten. In contrast, few Sweet Home residents potentially spend time daily within an airborne environment with elevated levels of airborne tungsten. Although it cannot be concluded from environmental data alone that elevated airborne tungsten causes childhood leukemia, the lack of excessive cancer in Sweet Home cannot logically be used to dismiss the possibility of airborne tungsten as a factor in the cluster of childhood leukemia in Fallon. Detailed modeling of all variables affecting airborne loadings of heavy metals would be needed to legitimately compare human exposures to airborne tungsten in Fallon and Sweet Home.
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Witten ML, Sheppard PR, Witten BL. Tungsten toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 196:87-8. [PMID: 22182474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that tungsten has toxic health effects. We summarize the recent tungsten toxicity research in this short review. Tungsten is widely used in many commercial and military applications because it has the second highest melting temperature of any element. Consequently, it is important to elucidate the potential health effects of tungsten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Witten
- Odyssey Research Institute, 7032 East Rosewood Street, Tucson, AZ 85710-1236, United States
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