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Faramarz S, Asadikaram G, Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Abolhassani M, Alidousti K, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Pourghadamyari H. Impact of Organochlorine Pesticides Exposure on Histone Modification H3K9ac: Implications for Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10904-4. [PMID: 39172205 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, changes in gene expression without DNA sequence modifications, are associated with various health disorders, including reproductive health issues. These alterations can be influenced by environmental factors such as pesticides. This study aimed to explore the relationship between exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides (OClPs) and the histone modification mark H3K9ac in the placenta and fetal tissue, in the context of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (URM). In the case-control study, serum samples from 73 women with URM and 30 healthy women were examined for the presence of OClPs, which include 2,4-DDT, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, 4,4-DDE, α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH, using gas chromatography. Western blot analysis was used to assess H3K9ac expression in placental and fetal tissues. In the URM group, significant increases were observed in the values of α-HCH, β-HCH, 2,4-DDE, and 4,4-DDE, as well as in the concentration of total OClPs (Ʃ3HCH, Ʃ2DDE, Ʃ2DDT, and Ʃ7OClP), compared to controls. While H3K9ac levels in fetal tissue showed no significant difference, a notable decrease was found in the placental tissue of the URM. In the placenta tissue of URM, logistic regression analysis also revealed a significant inverse correlation between the toxins α-HCH, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, total OClPs, and reduced H3K9ac expression. Our findings suggest that OClPs exposure may contribute to URM by reducing H3K9ac expression in the placenta, potentially affecting placental growth and immune tolerance. This underscores the need for further investigation into the involved mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions, and the importance of OClPs regulation for reproductive health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Faramarz
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Katayoun Alidousti
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Singh J, Jangra A, Kumar D. Recent advances in toxicological research of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate: Focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141922. [PMID: 38593956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the most significant phthalate in production, usage, and environmental occurrence. DEHP is found in products such as personal care products, furniture materials, cosmetics, and medical devices. DEHP is noncovalently bind with plastic therefore, repeated uses lead to leaching out of it. Exposure to DEHP plasticizers leads to toxicity in essential organs of the body through various mechanisms. The main objective of this review article is to focus on the DEHP-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway implicated in the testis, brain, lungs, kidney, heart, liver, and other organs. Not only ER stress, PPAR-related pathways, oxidative stress and inflammation, Ca2+ homeostasis disturbances in mitochondria are also identified as the relative mechanisms. ER is involved in various critical functions of the cell such as Protein synthesis, protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid peroxidation but, DEHP exposure leads to augmentation of misfolded/unfolded protein. This review complies with various recently reported DEHP-induced toxicity studies and some pharmacological interventions that have been shown to be effective through ER stress pathway. DEHP exposure does assess health risks and vulnerability to populations across the globe. This study offers possible targets and approaches for addressing various DEHP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiten Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India.
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Nazzari M, Romitti M, Hauser D, Carvalho DJ, Giselbrecht S, Moroni L, Costagliola S, Caiment F. Investigation of the effects of phthalates on in vitro thyroid models with RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1200211. [PMID: 37810885 PMCID: PMC10556862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phthalates are a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that have been shown to negatively correlate with thyroid hormone serum levels in humans and to cause a state of hyperactivity in the thyroid. However, their mechanism of action is not well described at the molecular level. Methods We analyzed the response of mouse thyroid organoids to the exposure to a biologically relevant dose range of the phthalates bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-decylphthalate (DIDP), di-iso-nonylphthalate (DINP), and di-n-octylphthalate (DnOP) for 24 h and simultaneously analyzed mRNA and miRNA expression via RNA sequencing. Using the expression data, we performed differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis. We also exposed the human thyroid follicular epithelial cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 to 1 µM of DEHP or DINP for 5 days and analyzed changes in chromatin accessibility via ATAC-Seq. Results Dose-series analysis showed how the expression of several genes increased or decreased at the highest dose tested. As expected with the low dosing scheme, the compounds induced a modest response on the transcriptome, as we identified changes in only mmu-miR-143-3p after DINP treatment and very few differentially expressed genes. No effect was observed on thyroid markers. Ing5, a component of histones H3 and H4 acetylation complexes, was consistently upregulated in three out of four conditions compared to control, and we observed a partial overlap among the genes differentially expressed by the treatments. Gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment in the treatment samples of the fatty acid metabolism pathway and in the control of pathways related to the receptor signalling and extracellular matrix organization. ATAC-Seq analysis showed a general increase in accessibility compared to the control, however we did not identify significant changes in accessibility in the identified regions. Discussion With this work, we showed that despite having only a few differentially expressed genes, diverse analysis methods could be applied to retrieve relevant information on phthalates, showing the potential of in vitro thyroid-relevant systems for the analysis of endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nazzari
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mírian Romitti
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Duncan Hauser
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J. Carvalho
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Liu Y, Guo Z, Zhu R, Gou D, Jia PP, Pei DS. An insight into sex-specific neurotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of DEHP: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120673. [PMID: 36400143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) is often used as an additive in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to give plastics flexibility, which makes DEHP widely used in food packaging, daily necessities, medical equipment, and other products. However, due to the unstable combination of DEHP and polymer, it will migrate to the environment in the materials and eventually contact the human body. It has been recorded that low-dose DEHP will increase neurotoxicity in the nervous system, and the human health effects of DEHP have been paid attention to because of the extensive exposure to DEHP and its high absorption during brain development. In this study, we review the evidence that DEHP exposure is associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities and neurological diseases based on human epidemiological and animal behavioral studies. Besides, we also summarized the oxidative damage, apoptosis, and signal transduction disorder related to neurobehavioral abnormalities and nerve injury, and described the potential mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by DEHP. Overall, we found exposure to DEHP during the critical developmental period will increase the risk of neurobehavioral abnormalities, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. This effect is sex-specific and will continue to adulthood and even have an intergenerational effect. However, the research results on the sex-dependence of DEHP neurotoxicity are inconsistent, and there is a lack of systematic mechanisms research as theoretical support. Future investigations need to be carried out in a large-scale population and model organisms to produce more consistent and convincing results. And we emphasize the importance of mechanism research, which can enhance the understanding of the environmental and human health risks of DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Liu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ruihong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhi Gou
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, a relevant in vitro cell model for investigating neurotoxicology in human: focus on organic pollutants. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:131-155. [PMID: 35914637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the toxicity triggered by chemicals on the human brain has traditionally relied on approaches using rodent in vivo models and in vitro cell models including primary neuronal cultures and cell lines from rodents. The issues of species differences between humans and rodents, the animal ethical concerns and the time and cost required for neurotoxicity studies on in vivo animal models, do limit the use of animal-based models in neurotoxicology. In this context, human cell models appear relevant in elucidating cellular and molecular impacts of neurotoxicants and facilitating prioritization of in vivo testing. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line (ATCC® CRL-2266TM) is one of the most used cell lines in neurosciences, either undifferentiated or differentiated into neuron-like cells. This review presents the characteristics of the SH-SY5Y cell line and proposes the results of a systematic review of literature on the use of this in vitro cell model for neurotoxicity research by focusing on organic environmental pollutants including pesticides, 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), flame retardants, PFASs, parabens, bisphenols, phthalates, and PAHs. Organic environmental pollutants are widely present in the environment and increasingly known to cause clinical neurotoxic effects during fetal & child development and adulthood. Their effects on cultured SH-SY5Y cells include autophagy, cell death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, or necrosis), increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of neurotransmitter homeostasis, and alteration of neuritic length. Finally, the inherent advantages and limitations of the SH-SY5Y cell model are discussed in the context of chemical testing.
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Sun GC, Lee YJ, Lee YC, Yu HF, Wang DC. Exercise prevents the impairment of learning and memory in prenatally phthalate-exposed male rats by improving the expression of plasticity-related proteins. Behav Brain Res 2021; 413:113444. [PMID: 34245761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise has been identified to facilitate neuroplasticity that maximize functional outcome after brain injuries. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key facilitator of neuroplasticity after exercise. The activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (Arc) is induced by BDNF and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR), contributing to functional modification of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, early-life exposure to neuroendocrine disruptor di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is a risk factor for behavioral deficits, but the mechanisms responsible for DEHP-induced neurotoxicity are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hippocampal Arc expression is impaired by DEHP exposure and to examine the protective role of exercise in the prenatally DEHP-exposed male rats. Sprague Dawley dams were fed with vehicle or DEHP during gestation. The male offspring were trained to treadmill running for 5 weeks followed by examination of behavioral and biochemical outcomes. The results showed that DEHP-exposed rats exhibited impairment of spatial learning and memory as well as down-regulations of BDNF, NMDAR, Arc, and synaptophysin. Importantly, aerobic exercise during childhood-adolescence prevented the impairment of learning and memory by recovering the expressions of BDNF, NMDAR, Arc, and synaptophysin. These findings suggest that exercise may provide beneficial effects on ameliorating the impairment of neuroplasticity in the prenatally DEHP-exposed male rats at late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-Ching Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Department of Food and Beverage Services, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Fu Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Dean-Chuan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lopez-Rodriguez D, Franssen D, Bakker J, Lomniczi A, Parent AS. Cellular and molecular features of EDC exposure: consequences for the GnRH network. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:83-96. [PMID: 33288917 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The onset of puberty and the female ovulatory cycle are important developmental milestones of the reproductive system. These processes are controlled by a tightly organized network of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, as well as genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors, which ultimately drive the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. They also strongly depend on organizational processes that take place during fetal and early postnatal life. Therefore, exposure to environmental pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development can result in altered brain development, delayed or advanced puberty and long-term reproductive consequences, such as impaired fertility. The gonads and peripheral organs are targets of EDCs, and research from the past few years suggests that the organization of the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is also sensitive to environmental cues and disruption. Among other mechanisms, EDCs interfere with the action of steroidal and non-steroidal receptors, and alter enzymatic, metabolic and epigenetic pathways during development. In this Review, we discuss the cellular and molecular consequences of perinatal exposure (mostly in rodents) to representative EDCs with a focus on the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, pubertal timing and the female ovulatory cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Bakker
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), OHSU, OR, USA
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Zhao T, Wang J, Wu Y, Han L, Chen J, Wei Y, Shen L, Long C, Wu S, Wei G. Increased m6A modification of RNA methylation related to the inhibition of demethylase FTO contributes to MEHP-induced Leydig cell injury ☆. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115627. [PMID: 33010548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most prevalent form of RNA methylation, modulates gene expression post-transcriptionally. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common environmental endocrine disrupting chemical that induces testicular injury due to the inhibition of the demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and increases the m6A modification. How FTO-mediated m6A modification in testicular Leydig cell injury induced by DEHP remains unclear. Here, the TM3 Leydig cell line was treated with mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the main metabolite of DEHP in the body, as well as FB23-2, an inhibitor of FTO. Decreased levels of testosterone in the culture supernatant, significantly increased apoptosis, and a remarkable upregulation of global m6A modification were found in both TM3 cells treated with MEHP and FB23-2. Transcriptome sequencing showed that both treatments significantly induced apoptosis-associated gene expression. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing showed that the Leydig cell injury induced by upregulated m6A modification could be associated with multiple physiological disorders, including histone acetylation, reactive oxygen species biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, hormone secretion regulation, autophagy regulation, and male gonadal development. Overall, the inhibition of FTO-mediated up-regulation of m6A could be involved in MEHP-induced Leydig cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Lindong Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
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Alam MN, Shapla UM, Shen H, Huang Q. Linking emerging contaminants exposure to adverse health effects: Crosstalk between epigenome and environment. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:878-897. [PMID: 33113590 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental epigenetic findings shed new light on the roles of epigenetic regulations in environmental exposure-induced toxicities or disease susceptibilities. Currently, environmental emerging contaminants (ECs) are in focus for further investigation due to the evidence of human exposure in addition to their environmental occurrences. However, the adverse effects of these environmental ECs on health through epigenetic mechanisms are still poorly addressed in many aspects. This review discusses the epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expressions) linking ECs exposure to health outcomes. We emphasized on the recent literature describing how ECs can dysregulate epigenetic mechanisms and lead to downstream health outcomes. These up-to-date research outputs could provide novel insights into the toxicological mechanisms of ECs. However, the field still faces a demand for further studies on the broad spectrum of health effects, synergistic/antagonistic effects, transgenerational epigenetic effects, and epidemiologic and demographic data of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nur Alam
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ummay Mahfuza Shapla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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Qiu F, Zhou Y, Deng Y, Yi J, Gong M, Liu N, Wei C, Xiang S. Knockdown of TNFAIP1 prevents di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced neurotoxicity by activating CREB pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125114. [PMID: 31683445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer. It has neurotoxicity and exposure to it causes impairment of neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the DEHP-induced neurotoxicity are not yet clearly defined. Tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 1 (TNFAIP1) was first discovered in umbilical vein endothelial cells and was further found to be important in the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Herein we explore the mechanism of TNFAIP1 in DEHP-induced neurotoxicity with the involvement of cyclic AMP response elements binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2a cells). We found that exposure to DEHP induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic proteins PSD 95 and synapsin-1 while upregulated the expression of TNFAIP1 and decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, CaMK Ⅳ, catalytic subunits of PKA and CREB in CREB signaling pathway. Knockdown of TNFAIP1 using TNFAIP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression vector prevented DEHP from inhibiting CREB pathway, thus reduced apoptosis and restored expression of BDNF, PSD 95 and synapsin-1. Our data indicate that downregulation of TNFAIP1 prevents DEHP-induced neurotoxicity via activating CREB pathway. Therefore, TNFAIP1 is a potential target for relieving the DEHP-induced neurotoxicity and related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yeke Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Junzhi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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11
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Baken KA, Lambrechts N, Remy S, Mustieles V, Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Neophytou CM, Olea N, Schoeters G. A strategy to validate a selection of human effect biomarkers using adverse outcome pathways: Proof of concept for phthalates and reproductive effects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:235-256. [PMID: 31146096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring measures the concentrations of environmental chemicals or their metabolites in body fluids or tissues. Complementing exposure biomarkers with mechanistically based effect biomarkers may further elucidate causal pathways between chemical exposure and adverse health outcomes. We combined information on effect biomarkers previously implemented in human observational studies with mechanisms of action reported in experimental studies and with information from published Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs), focusing on adverse reproductive effects of phthalate exposure. Phthalates constitute a group of chemicals that are ubiquitous in consumer products and have been related to a wide range of adverse health effects. As a result of a comprehensive literature search, we present an overview of effect biomarkers for reproductive toxicity that are substantiated by mechanistic information. The activation of several receptors, such as PPARα, PPARγ, and GR, may initiate events leading to impaired male and female fertility as well as other adverse effects of phthalate exposure. Therefore, these receptors appear as promising targets for the development of novel effect biomarkers. The proposed strategy connects the fields of epidemiology and toxicology and may strengthen the weight of evidence in observational studies that link chemical exposures to health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Baken
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Lambrechts
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Christiana M Neophytou
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicolas Olea
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Hu J, Yu Y. Epigenetic response profiles into environmental epigenotoxicant screening and health risk assessment: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:259-272. [PMID: 30933735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome may be an important interface between exposure to environmental contaminants and adverse outcome on human health. Many environmental pollutants deregulate gene expression and promote diseases by modulating the epigenome. Adverse epigenetic responses have been widely used for risk assessment of chemical substances. Various pollutants, including trace elements and persistent organic pollutants, have been detected frequently in the environment. Epigenetic toxicity of environmental matrices including water, air, soil, and food cannot be ignored. This review provides a comprehensive overview of epigenetic effects of pollutants and environmental matrices. We start with an overview of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation and the effects of several types of environmental pollutants (trace elements, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and volatile organic pollutants) on epigenetic modulation. We then discuss the epigenetic responses to environmental water, air, and soil based on in vivo and in vitro assays. Finally, we discuss recommendations to promote the incorporation of epigenotoxicity into contamination screening and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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13
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Guida N, Valsecchi V, Laudati G, Serani A, Mascolo L, Molinaro P, Montuori P, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LM, Formisano L. The miR206-JunD Circuit Mediates the Neurotoxic Effect of Methylmercury in Cortical Neurons. Toxicol Sci 2019. [PMID: 29522201 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) causes neuronal death through different pathways. Particularly, we found that in cortical neurons it increased the expression of Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST), histone deacetylase (HDAC)4, Specificity Protein (Sp)1, Sp4, and reduced the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Herein, in rat cortical neurons we investigated whether microRNA (miR)206 can modulate MeHg-induced cell death by regulating REST/HDAC4/Sp1/Sp4/BDNF axis. MeHg (1 µM) reduced miR206 expression after both 12 and 24 h and miR206 transfection prevented MeHg-induced neuronal death. Furthermore, miR206 reverted MeHg-induced REST and Sp4 increase and BDNF reduction at gene and protein level, and reverted HDAC4 protein increase, but not HDAC4 mRNA upregulation. Moreover, since no miR206 seed sequences were identified in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of REST and SP4, we investigated the role of JunD, that presents a consensus motif on REST, Sp4, and BDNF promoters. Indeed, MeHg increased JunD mRNA and protein levels, and JunD knockdown counteracted MeHg-induced REST, Sp4 increase, but not BDNF reduction. Furthermore, we identified a miR206 binding site in the 3'-UTR of JunD mRNA (miR206/JunD) and mutagenesis of miR206/JunD site reverted JunD luciferase activity reduction induced by miR206. Finally, miR206 prevented MeHg-increased JunD binding to REST and Sp4 promoters, and MeHg-reduced BDNF expression was determined by the increase of HDAC4 binding on BDNF promoter IV. Collectively, these results suggest that miR206 downregulation induced by MeHg exposure determines an upregulation of HDAC4, that in turn downregulated BDNF, and the activation of JunD that, by binding REST and Sp4 gene promoters, increased their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Angelo Serani
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella M Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Resveratrol treatment reduces the vulnerability of SH-SY5Y cells and cortical neurons overexpressing SOD1-G93A to Thimerosal toxicity through SIRT1/DREAM/PDYN pathway. Neurotoxicology 2018; 71:6-15. [PMID: 30503815 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In humans, mutation of glycine 93 to alanine of Cu++/Zn++ superoxide dismutase type-1 (SOD1-G93 A) has been associated to some familial cases of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Several evidence proposed the involvement of environmental pollutants that like mercury could accelerate ALS symptoms. SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with SOD1 and G93 A mutant of SOD1 constructs were exposed to non-toxic concentrations (0.01 μM) of ethylmercury thiosalicylate (thimerosal) for 24 h. Interestingly, we found that thimerosal, in SOD1-G93 A cells, but not in SOD1 cells, reduced cell survival. Furthermore, thimerosal-induced cell death occurred in a concentration dependent-manner and was prevented by the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator Resveratrol (RSV). Moreover, thimerosal decreased the protein expression of transcription factor Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator (DREAM), but not DREAM gene. Interestingly, DREAM reduction was blocked by co-treatment with RSV, suggesting the participation of SIRT1 in determining this effect. Immunoprecipitation experiments in SOD1-G93 A cells exposed to thimerosal demonstrated that RSV increased DREAM deacetylation and reduced its polyubiquitination. In addition, RSV counteracted thimerosal-enhanced prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA, a DREAM target gene. Furthermore, cortical neurons transiently transfected with SOD1-G93 A construct and exposed to thimerosal (0.5 μM/24 h) showed a reduction of DREAM and an up-regulation of the prodynorphin gene. Importantly, both the treatment with RSV or the transfection of siRNA against prodynorphin significantly reduced thimerosal-induced neurotoxicity, while DREAM knocking-down potentiated thimerosal-reduced cell survival. These results demonstrate the particular vulnerability of SOD1-G93 A neuronal cells to thimerosal and that RSV via SIRT1 counteracts the neurodetrimental effect of this toxicant by preventing DREAM reduction and prodynorphin up-regulation.
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Pelletier M, Glorennec P, Mandin C, Le Bot B, Ramalho O, Mercier F, Bonvallot N. Chemical-by-chemical and cumulative risk assessment of residential indoor exposure to semivolatile organic compounds in France. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:22-32. [PMID: 29705548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The toxic effects of environmental exposure to chemicals are increasingly being studied and confirmed, notably for semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These are found in many products and housing materials, from which they are emitted to indoor air, settled dust and other surfaces. OBJECTIVES The objective of this work is to assess the human health risk posed by residential indoor exposure to 32 SVOCs, assessed in previous nationwide studies. METHODS A chemical-by-chemical risk assessment, using a hazard quotient (HQ) or excess risk (ER) method, was supplemented by a cumulative risk assessment (CRA). For CRA, a hazard index (HI) method, as well as higher tier approaches using relative potency factors (RPFs) or toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) were used for the following endpoints: neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity. RESULTS HQs were above 1 for 50% of French children from birth to 2 years for BDE 47, and for 5% of children for lindane and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Corresponding hazards are reprotoxic for BDE 47 and DBP, and immunotoxic for lindane. The CRA approach provided additional information of reprotoxic risks (HI > 1) that may occur for 95% of children and for 5% of the offspring for pregnant women's exposure. The SVOCs contributing most to these risks were PCB 101 and 118, BDE 47, and DBP. The higher tier CRA approaches showed that exposure to dwellings' SVOC mixtures were of concern for 95% of children for neurotoxic compounds having effects linked with neuronal death. To a lesser extent, effects mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or by a decrease in testosterone levels may concern 5% of children and adults. Lastly, unacceptable immunotoxic risk related to exposure to 8 indoor PCBs was also observed for 5% of children. CONCLUSIONS In view of uncertainties related to compounds' toxicity for humans, these results justify the implementation of preventive measures, as well as the production of more standardized and comprehensive toxicological data for some compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Pelletier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Corinne Mandin
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Ramalho
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabien Mercier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Cha S, Jung K, Lee MY, Hwang YJ, Yang E, Lee SH, Jung HI, Cheon YP. Nonmonotonic Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Gonadal Weight and Reproductive. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:85-94. [PMID: 29707687 PMCID: PMC5915770 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.1.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors have been concerned in toxicology but now challenged as
physiological point especially concerned with exposing dose and period. In this
study the low-dose chronic administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthaltae (DEHP)
during reproductive period was examined to evaluate the possible roles. Adult
male and female CD-1 mice were exposed to DEHP with drinking water containing
133 1g/L and 1,330 /g/L DEHP in water according to OECD 433 guide line and
sacrificed just after weaning. The weights of uterus and ovary were decreased by
drinking of 1,330 /g/L DEHP water. There was not adverse effects on either
accumulated mating rate and mating rate depend on estrus stage, pregnancy
duration, and sex ration at birth. However, the accumulated rate of successful
delivery and litter size were significantly high at 1,330 dg/L DEHP water. The
number of epididymal sperm was significantly increased by drinking of 1,330 g/L
DEHP water. In addition, the number of follicles (primary, secondary, tertiary)
were more many than control at 1,330 /g/L DEHP water drunk mother. Though
further studies are needed to identify what are the mechanism of DEHP in
folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. From this study we firstly report the
effect of low-dose chronic administration of DEHP with drinking could change the
ovarian follicle population size and spermatogenesis rate. Put together, those
finding is different from previous high-dose effects and suggest the
physiological role of DEHP in gonads and uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyeong Cha
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Kayeon Jung
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Eunhyeok Yang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Lifesicence, Sangmyung University, Soeul 03016, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
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Cheng SF, Li L, Li B, Liu JC, Lai FN, Zhao Y, Zhang XF, Shen W, Li L. Low-dose diethylhexyl phthalate exposure does not impair the expressive patterns of epigenetics-related genes and DNA methylation of breast cancer-related genes in mouse mammary glands. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Guida N, Laudati G, Serani A, Mascolo L, Molinaro P, Montuori P, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LM, Formisano L. The neurotoxicant PCB-95 by increasing the neuronal transcriptional repressor REST down-regulates caspase-8 and increases Ripk1, Ripk3 and MLKL expression determining necroptotic neuronal death. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 142:229-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bjørklund G, Chirumbolo S, Geier DA, Kern JK, Geier MR. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, Thimerosal, and autism spectrum disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:843-844. [PMID: 28410622 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | | | - David A Geier
- The Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA; CoMeD, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Janet K Kern
- The Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA; CoMeD, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA; CONEM US Autism Research Group, Allen, TX, USA
| | - Mark R Geier
- The Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA; CoMeD, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Guida N, Laudati G, Mascolo L, Valsecchi V, Sirabella R, Selleri C, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT, Formisano L. p38/Sp1/Sp4/HDAC4/BDNF Axis Is a Novel Molecular Pathway of the Neurotoxic Effect of the Methylmercury. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:8. [PMID: 28154524 PMCID: PMC5243805 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways involved in methylmercury (MeHg)-induced neurotoxicity are not fully understood. Since pan-Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition has been found to revert the neurodetrimental effect of MeHg, it appeared of interest to investigate whether the pattern of HDACs isoform protein expression is modified during MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and the transcriptional/transductional mechanisms involved. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with MeHg 1 μM for 12 and 24 h showed a significant increase of HDAC4 protein and gene expression, whereas the HDACs isoforms 1–3, 5, and 6 were unmodified. Furthermore, MeHg-induced HDAC4 increase was reverted when cells were transfected with siRNAs against specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and Sp4, that were both increased during MeHg exposure. Next we studied the role of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in MeHg—induced increase of Sp1, Sp4, and HDAC4 expression. As shown by Western Blot analysis MeHg exposure increased the phosphorylation of p38, but not of ERK and JNK. Notably, when p38 was pharmacologically blocked, MeHg-induced Sp1, Sp4 protein expression, and HDAC4 protein and gene expression was reverted. In addition, MeHg exposure increased the binding of HDAC4 to the promoter IV of the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, determining its mRNA reduction, that was significantly counteracted by HDAC4 knocking down. Furthermore, rat cortical neurons exposed to MeHg (1 μM/24 h) showed an increased phosphorylation of p38, in parallel with an up-regulation of Sp1, Sp4, and HDAC4 and a down-regulation of BDNF proteins. Importantly, transfection of siRNAs against p38, Sp1, Sp4, and HDAC4 or transfection of vector overexpressing BDNF significantly blocked MeHg-induced cell death in cortical neurons. All these results suggest that p38/Sp1-Sp4/HDAC4/BDNF may represent a new pathway involved in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of NaplesNaples, Italy; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of SannioBenevento, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of NaplesNaples, Italy; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of SannioBenevento, Italy
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Walker DM, Gore AC. Epigenetic impacts of endocrine disruptors in the brain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 44:1-26. [PMID: 27663243 PMCID: PMC5429819 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of reproductive competence is organized and activated by steroid hormones acting upon the hypothalamus during critical windows of development. This review describes the potential role of epigenetic processes, particularly DNA methylation, in the regulation of sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus by hormones. We examine disruption of these processes by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in an age-, sex-, and region-specific manner, focusing on how perinatal EDCs act through epigenetic mechanisms to reprogram DNA methylation and sex steroid hormone receptor expression throughout life. These receptors are necessary for brain sexual differentiation and their altered expression may underlie disrupted reproductive physiology and behavior. Finally, we review the literature on histone modifications and non-coding RNA involvement in brain sexual differentiation and their perturbation by EDCs. By putting these data into a sex and developmental context we conclude that perinatal EDC exposure alters the developmental trajectory of reproductive neuroendocrine systems in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena M Walker
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1065, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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22
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Guida N, Laudati G, Mascolo L, Cuomo O, Anzilotti S, Sirabella R, Santopaolo M, Galgani M, Montuori P, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT, Formisano L. MC1568 Inhibits Thimerosal-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death by Preventing HDAC4 Up-Regulation in Neuronal Cells and in Rat Prefrontal Cortex. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:227-240. [PMID: 27660204 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylmercury thiosalicylate (thimerosal) is an organic mercury-based compound commonly used as an antimicrobial preservative that has been found to be neurotoxic. In contrast, histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition has been found to be neuroprotective against several environmental contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and methylmercury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HDAC inhibition on thimerosal-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells and cortical neurons. Interestingly, we found that thimerosal, at 0.5 μM in SH-SY5Y cells and at 1 μM in neurons, caused cell death by activation of apoptosis, which was prevented by the HDAC class IIA inhibitor MC1568 but not the class I inhibitor MS275. Furthermore, thimerosal specifically increased HDAC4 protein expression but not that of HDACs 5, 6, 7, and 9. Western blot analysis revealed that MC1568 prevented thimerosal-induced HDAC4 increase. In addition, both HDAC4 knocking-down and MC1568 inhibited thimerosal-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and cortical neurons. Importantly, intramuscular injection of 12 μg/kg thimerosal on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, and 15 increased HDAC4 levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which decreased histone H4 acetylation in infant male rats, in parallel increased motor activity changes. In addition, coadministration of 40 mg/kg MC1568 (intraperitoneal injection) moderated the HDAC4 increase which reduced histone H4 deacetylation and caspase-3 cleavage in the PFC. Finally, open-field testing showed that thimerosal-induced motor activity changes are reduced by MC1568. These findings indicate that HDAC4 regulates thimerosal-induced cell death in neurons and that treatment with MC1568 prevents thimerosal-induced activation of caspase-3 in the rat PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | - Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" Napoli, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy.,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy .,Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
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23
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Targeting histone deacetylase 8 as a therapeutic approach to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1609-34. [PMID: 27572818 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a unique class I zinc-dependent HDAC, is an emerging target in cancer and other diseases. Its substrate repertoire extends beyond histones to many nonhistone proteins. Besides being a deacetylase, HDAC8 also mediates signaling via scaffolding functions. Aberrant expression or deregulated interactions with transcription factors are critical in HDAC8-dependent cancers. Many potent HDAC8-selective inhibitors with cellular activity and anticancer effects have been reported. We present HDAC8 as a druggable target and discuss inhibitors of different chemical scaffolds with cellular effects. Furthermore, we review HDAC8 activators that revert activity of mutant enzymes. Isotype-selective HDAC8 targeting in patients with HDAC8-relevant cancers is challenging, however, is promising to avoid adverse side effects as observed with pan-HDAC inhibitors.
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Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, Toppari J, Zoeller RT. EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:E1-E150. [PMID: 26544531 PMCID: PMC4702494 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, a substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding of plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions and how exposures in animals and humans-especially during development-may lay the foundations for disease later in life. At this point in history, we have much stronger knowledge about how EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, and epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects in exposed individuals as well as their descendants. Causal links between exposure and manifestation of disease are substantiated by experimental animal models and are consistent with correlative epidemiological data in humans. There are several caveats because differences in how experimental animal work is conducted can lead to difficulties in drawing broad conclusions, and we must continue to be cautious about inferring causality in humans. In this second Scientific Statement, we reviewed the literature on a subset of topics for which the translational evidence is strongest: 1) obesity and diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male reproduction; 4) hormone-sensitive cancers in females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; and 7) neurodevelopment and neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria for studies were those conducted predominantly in the past 5 years deemed to be of high quality based on appropriate negative and positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size and experimental design, and mammalian animal studies with exposure levels in a range that was relevant to humans. We also focused on studies using the developmental origins of health and disease model. No report was excluded based on a positive or negative effect of the EDC exposure. The bulk of the results across the board strengthen the evidence for endocrine health-related actions of EDCs. Based on this much more complete understanding of the endocrine principles by which EDCs act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, and developmental vulnerability, these findings can be much better translated to human health. Armed with this information, researchers, physicians, and other healthcare providers can guide regulators and policymakers as they make responsible decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Gore
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - V A Chappell
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - S E Fenton
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J A Flaws
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - A Nadal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - G S Prins
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J Toppari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - R T Zoeller
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Methylmercury upregulates RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) in SH-SY5Y cells and mouse cerebellum. Neurotoxicology 2015; 52:89-97. [PMID: 26610923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a highly neurotoxic compound that, in adequate doses, can cause damage to the brain, including developmental defects and in severe cases cell death. The RE-1-silencing transcription factor (REST) has been found to be involved in the neurotoxic effects of environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, we investigated the effects of MeHg treatment on REST expression and its role in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We found that MeHg exposure caused a dose- and time- dependent apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by the appearance of apoptotic hallmarks including caspase-3 processing and annexin V uptake. Moreover, MeHg increased REST gene and gene product expression. MeHg-induced apoptotic cell death was completely abolished by REST knockdown. Interestingly, MeHg (1μM/24h) increased the expression of REST Corepressor (Co-REST) and its binding with REST whereas the other REST cofactor mammalian SIN3 homolog A transcription regulator (mSin3A) was not modified. In addition, we demonstrated that the acetylation of histone protein H4 was reduced after MeHg treatment and was critical for MeHg-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin-A (TSA) prevented MeHg-induced histone protein H4 deacetylation, thereby reverting MeHg-induced neurotoxic effect. Male mice subcutaneously injected with 10mg/kg of MeHg for 10 days showed an increase in REST expression in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum together with a decrease in histone H4 acetylation. Collectively, we demonstrated that methylmercury exposure can cause neurotoxicity by activating REST gene expression and H4 deacetylation.
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Guida N, Laudati G, Anzilotti S, Secondo A, Montuori P, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT, Formisano L. Resveratrol via sirtuin-1 downregulates RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) expression preventing PCB-95-induced neuronal cell death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:387-98. [PMID: 26307266 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) (RSV), a polyphenol widely present in plants, exerts a neuroprotective function in several neurological conditions; it is an activator of class III histone deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a crucial regulator in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. By contrast, the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is involved in the neurotoxic effects following exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture A1254. The present study investigated the effects of RSV-induced activation of SIRT1 on REST expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Further, we investigated the possible relationship between the non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCB-95 and REST through SIRT1 to regulate neuronal death in rat cortical neurons. Our results revealed that RSV significantly decreased REST gene and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, overexpression of SIRT1 reduced REST expression, whereas EX-527, an inhibitor of SIRT1, increased REST expression and blocked RSV-induced REST downregulation. These results suggest that RSV downregulates REST through SIRT1. In addition, RSV enhanced activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-Jun expression and its binding to the REST promoter gene. Indeed, c-Jun knockdown reverted RSV-induced REST downregulation. Intriguingly, in SH-SY5Y cells and rat cortical neurons the NDL PCB-95 induced necrotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner by increasing REST mRNA and protein expression. In addition, SIRT1 knockdown blocked RSV-induced neuroprotection in rat cortical neurons treated with PCB-95. Collectively, these results indicate that RSV via SIRT1 activates c-Jun, thereby reducing REST expression in SH-SY5Y cells under physiological conditions and blocks PCB-95-induced neuronal cell death by activating the same SIRT1/c-Jun/REST pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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Sp3/REST/HDAC1/HDAC2 Complex Represses and Sp1/HIF-1/p300 Complex Activates ncx1 Gene Transcription, in Brain Ischemia and in Ischemic Brain Preconditioning, by Epigenetic Mechanism. J Neurosci 2015; 35:7332-48. [PMID: 25972164 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2174-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger 1 (NCX1) is reduced in stroke by the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), whereas it is increased in ischemic brain preconditioning (PC) by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Because ncx1 brain promoter (ncx1-Br) has five putative consensus sequences, named Sp1A-E, for the specificity protein (Sp) family of transcription factors (Sp1-4), we investigated the role of this family in regulating ncx1 transcription in rat cortical neurons. Here we found that Sp1 is a transcriptional activator, whereas Sp3 is a transcriptional repressor of ncx1, and that both bind ncx1-Br in a sequence-specific manner, modulating ncx1 transcription through the Sp1 sites C-E. Furthermore, by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats, the transcriptional repressors Sp3 and REST colocalized with the two histone-deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1 and HDAC2 on the ncx1-Br, with a consequent hypoacetylation. Contrarily, in PC+tMCAO the transcriptional activators Sp1 and HIF-1 colocalized with histone acetyltransferase p300 on ncx1-Br with a consequent hyperacetylation. In addition, in neurons silenced with siRNA of NCX1 and subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) (3 h) plus reoxygenation (RX) (24 h), the neuroprotection of Class I HDAC inhibitor MS-275 was counteracted, whereas in neurons overexpressing NCX1 and subjected to ischemic preconditioning (PC+OGD/RX), the neurotoxic effect of p300 inhibitor C646 was prevented. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NCX1 expression is regulated by the Sp3/REST/HDAC1/HDAC2 complex in tMCAO and by the Sp1/HIF-1/p300 complex in PC+tMCAO and that epigenetic intervention, by modulating the acetylation of ncx1-Br, may be a strategy for the development of innovative therapeutic intervention in stroke.
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Cocco S, Secondo A, Del Viscovo A, Procaccini C, Formisano L, Franco C, Esposito A, Scorziello A, Matarese G, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT. Polychlorinated Biphenyls Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129481. [PMID: 26101884 PMCID: PMC4477897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), ubiquitous environmental contaminants, can adversely affect the development and function of the nervous system. Here we evaluated the effect of PCB exposure on mitochondrial function using the PCB mixture Aroclor-1254 (A1254) in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. A 6-hour exposure to A1254 (5 μg/ml) reduced cellular ATP production by 45%±7, and mitochondrial membrane potential, detected by TMRE, by 49%±7. Consistently, A1254 significantly decreased oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis measured by extracellular flux analyzer. Furthermore, the activity of mitochondrial protein complexes I, II, and IV, but not V (ATPase), measured by BN-PAGE technique, was significantly reduced after 6-hour exposure to A1254. The addition of pyruvic acid during exposure to A1254 significantly prevent A1254-induced cell injury, restoring resting mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, pyruvic acid significantly preserved the activity of mitochondrial complexes I, II and IV and increased basal activity of complex V. Collectively, the present results indicate that the neurotoxicity of A1254 depends on the impairment of oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV activity and it was counteracted by pyruvic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cocco
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept. of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept. of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Adelaide Del Viscovo
- Dept. of Science and Technology-DST, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Dept. of Science and Technology-DST, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Cristina Franco
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept. of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Alba Esposito
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept. of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept. of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Dept. of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
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Xin F, Susiarjo M, Bartolomei MS. Multigenerational and transgenerational effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals: A role for altered epigenetic regulation? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 43:66-75. [PMID: 26026600 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has highlighted the critical role of early life environment in shaping the future health outcomes of an individual. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that early life perturbations can affect the health of subsequent generations. Hypothesized mechanisms of multi- and transgenerational inheritance of abnormal developmental phenotypes include epigenetic misregulation in germ cells. In this review, we will focus on the available data demonstrating the ability of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and parabens, to alter epigenetic marks in rodents and humans. These epigenetic marks include DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs. We also review the current evidence for multi- and transgenerational inheritance of abnormal developmental changes in the offspring following EDC exposure. Based on published results, we conclude that EDC exposure can alter the mouse and human epigenome, with variable tissue susceptibilities. Although increasing data suggest that exposure to EDCs is linked to transgenerational inheritance of reproductive, metabolic, or neurological phenotypes, more studies are needed to validate these observations and to elucidate further whether these developmental changes are directly associated with the relevant epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Xin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 9-123 Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1316 Biomedical Research Building II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 9-123 Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1316 Biomedical Research Building II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 9-123 Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1316 Biomedical Research Building II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Rosenfeld CS. Bisphenol A and phthalate endocrine disruption of parental and social behaviors. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:57. [PMID: 25784850 PMCID: PMC4347611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can induce promiscuous neurobehavioral disturbances. Bisphenol A and phthalates are two widely prevalent and persistent EDCs reported to lead to such effects. Parental and social behaviors are especially vulnerable to endocrine disruption, as these traits are programmed by the organizational-activational effects of testosterone and estrogen. Exposure to BPA and other EDCs disrupts normal maternal care provided by rodents and non-human primates, such as nursing, time she spends hunched over and in the nest, and grooming her pups. Paternal care may also be affected by BPA. No long-term study has linked perinatal exposure to BPA or other EDC and later parental behavioral deficits in humans. The fact that the same brain regions and neural hormone substrates govern parental behaviors in animal models and humans suggests that this suite of behaviors may also be vulnerable in the latter. Social behaviors, such as communication, mate choice, pair bonding, social inquisitiveness and recognition, play behavior, social grooming, copulation, and aggression, are compromised in animal models exposed to BPA, phthalates, and other EDCs. Early contact to these chemicals is also correlated with maladaptive social behaviors in children. These behavioral disturbances may originate by altering the fetal or adult gonadal production of testosterone or estrogen, expression of ESR1, ESR2, and AR in the brain regions governing these behaviors, neuropeptide/protein hormone (oxytocin, vasopressin, and prolactin) and their cognate neural receptors, and/or through epimutations. Robust evidence exists for all of these EDC-induced changes. Concern also exists for transgenerational persistence of such neurobehavioral disruptions. In sum, evidence for social and parental deficits induced by BPA, phthalates, and related chemicals is strongly mounting, and such effects may ultimately compromise the overall social fitness of populations to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Genetics Area Program, Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA
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Formisano L, Guida N, Laudati G, Mascolo L, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT. MS-275 inhibits aroclor 1254-induced SH-SY5Y neuronal cell toxicity by preventing the formation of the HDAC3/REST complex on the synapsin-1 promoter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:236-43. [PMID: 25467131 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and dementia. Neuronal death elicited by the PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 (A1254) has been attributed to an increase in RE-1-silencing transcription factor (REST), which, in turn, correlates with a decrease in the synapsin-1 promoter gene. Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are known to be neuroprotective in several neurologic disorders, the core mechanisms governing this effect are not yet understood. Here, to examine how HDAC class I [N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[N-(pyridin-3-yl-methoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl]-benzamide (MS-275)] and HDAC class II [3-[5-(3-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-oxopropen-1-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-N-hydroxy-2-propenamide (MC-1568)] inhibitors prevent A1254-induced neuronal cell death, we exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to A1254. Exposure to A1254 (30.6 μM) for 24 and 48 hours resulted in a time-dependent cell death. Indeed, after 48 hours, MS-275, but not MC-1568, reverted A1254-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, A1254 significantly increased HDAC3, but not HDAC1 or HDAC2. Interestingly, REST physically interacted with HDAC3 after A1254 exposure. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MS-275 reverted the increased levels of HDAC3 binding and decreased acetylation of histone H3 within the synapsin-1 promoter region, thus reverting synapsin-1 mRNA reduction. Moreover, REST knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented HDAC3 from binding to the synapsin-1 promoter. Likewise, HDAC3 siRNA significantly reduced A1254-induced cell toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and cortical neurons. Hence, this study demonstrates that inhibition of HDAC class I attenuates A1254-induced neuronal cell death by preventing HDAC3 binding and histone deacetylation within the synapsin-1 promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F., L.M.T.C.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.F., N.G., G.L., L.M., G.D.R., L.M.T.C.)
| | - Natascia Guida
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F., L.M.T.C.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.F., N.G., G.L., L.M., G.D.R., L.M.T.C.)
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F., L.M.T.C.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.F., N.G., G.L., L.M., G.D.R., L.M.T.C.)
| | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F., L.M.T.C.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.F., N.G., G.L., L.M., G.D.R., L.M.T.C.)
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F., L.M.T.C.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.F., N.G., G.L., L.M., G.D.R., L.M.T.C.)
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy (L.F., L.M.T.C.); and Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.F., N.G., G.L., L.M., G.D.R., L.M.T.C.)
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Formisano L, Guida N, Laudati G, Boscia F, Esposito A, Secondo A, Di Renzo G, Canzoniero LMT. Extracellular signal-related kinase 2/specificity protein 1/specificity protein 3/repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor pathway is involved in Aroclor 1254-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:167-77. [PMID: 25093670 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cause a wide spectrum of toxic effects in the brain through undefined mechanisms. Exposure to the PCB mixture Aroclor-1254 (A1254) increases the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) expression, leading to neuronal death. This study sought to understand the sequence of some molecular mechanisms to determine whether A1254 could increase REST expression and the cytoprotective effect of the phorbol ester tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) on A1254-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. As shown by Western blot analysis, A1254 (10 µg/ml) downregulates extracellular signal-related kinase 2 (ERK2) phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner, thereby triggering the binding of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and Sp3 to the REST gene promoter as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. This chain of events results in an increase in REST mRNA and cell death, as assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and dimethylthiazolyl-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide assay, respectively. Accordingly, TPA prevented both the A1254-induced decrease in ERK2 phosphorylation and the A1254-induced increase in Sp1, Sp3, and REST protein expression. After 48 hr, TPA prevented A1254-induced cell death. ERK2 overexpression counteracted the A1254-induced increase in Sp1 and Sp3 protein expression and prevented A1254-induced Sp1 and Sp3 binding to the REST gene promoter, thus counteracting the increase in REST mRNA expression induced by the toxicant. In neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, ERK2/Sp1/SP3/REST is a new pathway underlying the neurotoxic effect of PCB. The ERK2/Sp1/Sp3/REST pathway, which underlies A1254-induced neuronal death, might represent a new drug signaling cascade in PCB-induced neuronal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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