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Rodella P, Boreski D, Luz MAM, Gabriel EA, Takase LF, Chin CM. Taurine Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis Effect in Chronic Ethanol-Induced Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1973. [PMID: 38931326 PMCID: PMC11206532 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a non-protein β-amino acid essential for cellular homeostasis, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties that are crucial for life maintenance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of taurine administration on hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal preservation, or reverse damage in rats exposed to forced ethanol consumption in an animal model. Wistar rats were treated with ethanol (EtOH) for a 28-day period (5% in the 1st week, 10% in the 2nd week, and 20% in the 3rd and 4th weeks). Two taurine treatment protocols (300 mg/kg i.p.) were implemented: one during ethanol consumption to analyze neuroprotection, and another after ethanol consumption to assess the reversal of ethanol-induced damage. Overall, the results demonstrated that taurine treatment was effective in protecting against deficits induced by ethanol consumption in the dentate gyrus. The EtOH+TAU group showed a significant increase in cell proliferation (145.8%) and cell survival (54.0%) compared to the EtOH+Sal group. The results also indicated similar effects regarding the reversal of ethanol-induced damage 28 days after the cessation of ethanol consumption. The EtOH+TAU group exhibited a significant increase (41.3%) in the number of DCX-immunoreactive cells compared to the EtOH+Sal group. However, this amino acid did not induce neurogenesis in the tissues of healthy rats, implying that its activity may be contingent upon post-injury stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodella
- Laboratory for Drug Design (LAPDESF), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (P.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Diogo Boreski
- Laboratory for Drug Design (LAPDESF), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (P.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Marcus Alexandre Mendes Luz
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine (CEPAM), School of Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15030-070, Brazil; (M.A.M.L.); (E.A.G.)
| | - Edmo Atique Gabriel
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine (CEPAM), School of Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15030-070, Brazil; (M.A.M.L.); (E.A.G.)
| | - Luiz Fernando Takase
- Morphology and Pathology Department, Federal University of São Paulo of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Chung Man Chin
- Laboratory for Drug Design (LAPDESF), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (P.R.); (D.B.)
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine (CEPAM), School of Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15030-070, Brazil; (M.A.M.L.); (E.A.G.)
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Roldán-López D, Muñiz-Calvo S, Daroqui N, Knez M, Guillamón JM, Pérez-Torrado R. The potential role of yeasts in the mitigation of health issues related to beer consumption. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3059-3074. [PMID: 36222026 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2129584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food consumption of healthier products has become an essential trend in the food sector. This is also the case in beer, a biochemical process of transformation performed by yeast cells. More and more studies proclaim the need to reduce ethanol content in alcoholic drinks, certainly the most important health issue of beer consumption. In this review we gather key health issues related to beer consumption and the last advances regarding the use of yeast to attenuate those health problems. Furthermore, we have included the latest findings about the general positive impact of yeast in health as a consequence of its ability to biotransform polyphenolic compounds present in the wort, producing healthy compounds as hydroxytyrosol or melatonin, and its ability to perform as a probiotic driver. Besides, a group of population with chronic diseases as diabetes or celiac disease could take advantage of low carbohydrate or gluten-free beers, respectively. The role of yeast in beer production has been traditionally associated to its fermentative power. But here we have found a change in this dogma in the last years toward yeasts being a main driver to enhance healthy aspects of beer. The key findings are discussed and possible future directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roldán-López
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Sara Muñiz-Calvo
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Noemi Daroqui
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Masa Knez
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Guillamón
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
| | - Roberto Pérez-Torrado
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Paterna, Spain
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Becchetti C, Ferrarese A, Zeni N, Russo FP, Senzolo M, Gambato M, Bassi D, Cillo U, Burra P, Germani G. A prospective longitudinal assessment of de novo metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2021; 36:e14532. [PMID: 34757678 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo metabolic syndrome (MS) is a frequent complication after liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this prospective study is to identify potential risk factors longitudinally associated to post-LT de novo MS. Patients without pre-LT MS who underwent LT between April 2013 and October 2017 were prospectively included. Metabolic variables were collected at LT and at 6, 12 and 24 months post-LT. RESULTS 63 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (76% male, mean age 53.6±9.5 years). The prevalence of de novo MS was 46%, 43% and 49% at 6, 12, and 24 months after LT respectively. Among other MS components, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia significantly increased after LT. Considering the baseline characteristics at the adjusted analysis, alcoholic liver disease (OR 4.17, 95%CI 1.20-14.51; p = 0.03) and hypertension pre-LT (OR 11.3, 95%CI 1.49-85.46; p = 0.02 were confirmed as independent risk factors of post-LT de novo MS. In the time varying analysis, only eGFR (OR 0.97, 95%IC 0.97-0.98; p<0.0001) was found associated with post-LT de novo MS. CONCLUSIONS De novo MS frequently occurs shortly after LT, affecting nearly half of patients at 24 months post-LT. Lifestyle modifications should be recommended starting early post-LT, particularly for patients with established risk factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Becchetti
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Hepatology, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Department of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Ferrarese
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Zeni
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Senzolo
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Gambato
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Domenico Bassi
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Germani
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Bianchi PC, Gomes-de-Souza L, Costa-Ferreira W, Palombo P, Carneiro de Oliveira PE, Engi SA, Leão RM, Planeta CS, Crestani CC, Cruz FC. Chronic ethanol vapor exposure potentiates cardiovascular responses to acute stress in male but not in female rats. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:27. [PMID: 33726842 PMCID: PMC7962247 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol use is related to a wide variety of negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases. Stress is also involved in numerous pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric disorders. Sexual dimorphism is an important factor affecting cardiovascular response and has been proposed as a potential risk factor for sex-specific health problems in humans. Here, we evaluated the effect of prolonged ethanol vapor inhalation on arterial pressure, heart rate, and tail skin temperature responses to acute restraint stress, investigating differences between male and female rats. METHODS We exposed male and female Long-Evans rats to ethanol vapor for 14 h, followed by ethanol withdrawal for 10 h, for 30 consecutive days, or to room air (control groups). The animals underwent surgical implantation of a cannula into the femoral artery for assessment of arterial pressure and heart rate values. The tail skin temperature was measured as an indirect measurement of sympathetic vasomotor response. RESULTS Chronic ethanol vapor inhalation reduced basal heart rate in both female and male rats. Sex-related difference was observed in the decrease of tail cutaneous temperature evoked by stress, but not in the pressor and tachycardiac responses. Furthermore, prolonged ethanol inhalation enhanced the blood pressure and heart rate increase caused by acute restraint stress in male, but not in female rats. However, no effect of chronic ethanol vapor was observed in the tail cutaneous temperature response to restraint in either sex. CONCLUSION Chronic ethanol vapor exposure increased the cardiovascular reactivity to stress in male, but not in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. Bianchi
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP 14801-902 Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, Leal Prado Building, Botucatu 862 Street, 04024-002, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP 14801-902 Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP 14801-902 Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Paola Palombo
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP 14801-902 Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Carneiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Psychology, Psychology Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Sheila A. Engi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, Leal Prado Building, Botucatu 862 Street, 04024-002, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute - INFAR, Três de Maio 100 Street, 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Leão
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Cleopatra S. Planeta
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP 14801-902 Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Araraquara, SP 14801-902 Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Fabio C. Cruz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, Leal Prado Building, Botucatu 862 Street, 04024-002, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute - INFAR, Três de Maio 100 Street, 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Katary M, Abdel-Rahman AA. Alcohol suppresses cardiovascular diurnal variations in male normotensive rats: Role of reduced PER2 expression and CYP2E1 hyperactivity in the heart. Alcohol 2020; 89:27-36. [PMID: 32777474 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The molecular mechanism of the adverse effects of ethanol on diurnal cardiovascular regulation remains unknown. In separate studies, the cardiac circadian rhythm protein period-2 (PER2) confers cardioprotection and, in other organs, PER2 interaction with the ethanol-metabolizing enzyme CYP2E1 underlies, via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulation, tissue injury/dysfunction. Here, we hypothesized that suppressed PER2 expression and elevated CYP2E1/HO-1 levels in the heart underlie the disrupted diurnal cardiovascular rhythm/function in alcohol-fed normotensive rats. METHODS In ethanol-fed (5%, w/v; 8 weeks) or isocaloric liquid diet-fed male rats, diurnal changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), HR vagal variability index, root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences in beat-interval duration (rMSSD), and cardiac function were measured by radiotelemetry and echocardiography followed by ex vivo molecular studies. RESULTS Radiotelemetry findings showed ethanol-evoked reductions in BP (during the dark cycle), rMSSD (during both cycles), and in diurnal differences in BP and rMSSD. Echocardiography findings revealed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening (weeks 4-6) in the absence of cardiac remodeling (collagen content). Hearts of ethanol-fed rats exhibited higher (p < 0.05) CYP2E1 activity (50%) and HO-1 expression (63%), along with reduction (p < 0.05) in PER2 levels (29%), compared with the hearts of isocaloric diet-fed control rats. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings implicate upregulations of CYP2E1/HO-1 and downregulation of the circadian rhythm cardioprotective protein PER2, in the heart, in the chronic deleterious diurnal cardiovascular effects of alcohol in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Katary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
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Bianchi PC, Costa Ferreira W, Antonagi Engi S, Palombo P, Carneiro de Oliveira PE, Gomes de Souza L, Crestani CC, da Costa JL, da Silva Planeta C, Molini Leão R, Cardoso Cruz F. Prolonged Exposure to Alcohol Vapor Causes Change in Cardiovascular Function in Female but not in Male Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1066-1076. [PMID: 30908675 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse is a health concern worldwide. Studies have associated alcohol abuse with cardiovascular impairments. In this study, we investigated differences in the effects of chronic alcohol vapor exposure on cardiovascular function between male and female rats by using the alcohol vapor chamber method to induce alcohol addiction-like behaviors in rats. METHODS We exposed male and female Long-Evans rats to alcohol vapor for 14 hours, followed by ethanol withdrawal for 10 hours, for 30 consecutive days or room air (control groups). The animals underwent preparation for the surgical implantation of cannulas into femoral vessels, for allowing the assessment of the basal arterial pressure and heart rate values, baroreflex function, and autonomic activity. RESULTS Female control rats showed higher basal heart rate compared to male control rats. Chronic alcohol vapor inhalation reduced basal heart rate in females, but not in males; this effect was followed by an increase in the parasympathetic tone of the heart. Further, female rats subjected to alcohol vapor showed an increase in the baroreflex activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that females are more sensitive to chronic alcohol vapor exposure than males because they had a reduction in basal heart rate and changes in the baroreflex activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina Bianchi
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Antonagi Engi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Palombo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Gomes de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos César Crestani
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz da Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra da Silva Planeta
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Molini Leão
- Bioregulation Department, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia (ICS/ UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabio Cardoso Cruz
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Eby JM, Majetschak M. Effects of ethanol and ethanol metabolites on intrinsic function of mesenteric resistance arteries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214336. [PMID: 30893362 PMCID: PMC6426218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that ethanol-induced hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular responsiveness to vasopressors in vivo and enhanced reactivity of isolated arteries to vasopressors ex vivo. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood and the contribution of ethanol metabolites to vascular effects induced by ethanol consumption are unclear. Mesenteric resistance arteries were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats. Pressure myography was utilized to test effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde and phosphatidylethanol on myogenic tone and on vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine, arginine vasopressin (aVP), endothelin-1 and KCl. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and phosphatidylethanol concentrations were monitored during the experiments. Ethanol concentrations in the vessel bath decreased with a half-life of 25min; acetaldehyde and phosphatidylethanol concentrations remained constant. Pretreatment with ethanol dose-dependently increased the potency of phenylephrine to induce vasoconstriction 4-fold (p<0.01). These effects were comparable when arteries were pre-treated with a single dose of ethanol for 30min and when ethanol concentrations were kept constant during 30min and 60min of pretreatment. While ethanol also dose-dependently increased the potency of aVP to induce vasoconstriction 1.7-fold (p<0.05), it did not affect vasoconstriction induced by endothelin-1 or KCl. Acetaldehyde pre-treatment (30 min) dose-dependently increased the potency of phenylephrine to induce vasoconstriction 2.7-fold (p<0.01) but did not affect other vasoconstrictor responses. Phosphatidylethanol did not affect any vasoconstrictor responses. Ethanol and its metabolites did not affect myogenic tone. These data suggest that ethanol and acetaldehyde selectively sensitize intrinsic constrictor responses upon activation of vascular α1-adrenergic and/or vasopressin receptors at clinically relevant concentrations. Our findings support the concept that enhanced vasoreactivity to vasoactive hormones contributes to the development of hypertension induced by ethanol consumption. Ex vivo exposure of resistance arteries to ethanol and acetaldehyde resembles effects of chronic ethanol consumption on intrinsic vascular function, and thus could serve as test platform to evaluate interventions aimed to mitigate vascular effects associated with ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Eby
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Electrophysiological properties and augmented catecholamine release from chromaffin cells of WKY and SHR rats contributing to the hypertension development elicited by chronic EtOH consumption. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Kahl KG, Hillemacher T. The metabolic syndrome in patients with alcohol dependency: Current research and clinical implications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 70:49-56. [PMID: 27174541 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between alcohol dependency and disorders such as liver disease and cancer has been thoroughly researched. However, the effects of alcohol on cardiometabolic health remain controversial. Several reports found low to moderate alcohol consumption to be associated with a lower risk for cardiometabolic disorders. In contrast, excessive alcohol consumption has been related to an increased risk. Most of these studies were performed in non-clinical populations, therefore limiting the explanatory power to non-dependent patients. Only a few studies examined cardiovascular disorders and cardiovascular risk factors, in particular the metabolic syndrome (MetS), in alcohol dependent patients. We here present a narrative review of studies performed so far on the MetS in alcohol dependency, and provide current hypotheses on the association of alcohol dependency, appetite regulation and the development of the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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10
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Mouton AJ, Maxi JK, Souza-Smith F, Bagby GJ, Gilpin NW, Molina PE, Gardner JD. Alcohol Vapor Inhalation as a Model of Alcohol-Induced Organ Disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1671-8. [PMID: 27375174 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic intermittent ethanol vapor (CIEV) exposure has been used extensively to produce rodent models of alcohol dependence, but unlike other models of alcohol abuse, CIEV has not been assessed as a model of end-organ damage. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of CIEV on peripheral organ systems affected by alcohol abuse, including the liver, lungs, and cardiovascular system. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to daily CIEV for a period of 8 weeks (14HR ON/10HR OFF), producing blood alcohol levels of ~200 mg/dl. Controls were exposed to room air. After 8 weeks, echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function. Indices of liver injury (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases [ALT and AST]; cytochrome p450 2E1 [CYP2E1]; alcohol dehydrogenase [ADH]; Oil Red O and triglyceride content; lipid peroxidation; inflammatory cytokine expression; and macrophage infiltration), and lung inflammatory cell count, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and lipid peroxidation were measured. RESULTS Left ventricular posterior wall thickness was significantly decreased, and systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated by CIEV compared with air controls. CIEV led to a significant increase in plasma ALT and triglycerides compared with room air controls. CIEV did not affect liver triglyceride content, lipid staining or peroxidation, but increased CYP2E1 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) protein expression, while decreasing ADH expression. CIEV significantly increased numbers of both polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, indicative of pulmonary inflammation. However, CIEV did not produce significant changes in lung mass, pulmonary lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokine expression, or edema. CONCLUSIONS These results show that CIEV produces hepatic, pulmonary, and cardiovascular effects in rats similar to those found in other models of chronic alcohol administration. Alcohol vapor administration is a novel method of alcohol-induced tissue injury with high potential for widespread use in alcohol toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - John K Maxi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Flavia Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Gregory J Bagby
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicholas W Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jason D Gardner
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Alcoholic Beverage Consumption and Chronic Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060522. [PMID: 27231920 PMCID: PMC4923979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have consistently linked alcoholic beverage consumption with the development of several chronic disorders, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and obesity. The impact of drinking is usually dose-dependent, and light to moderate drinking tends to lower risks of certain diseases, while heavy drinking tends to increase the risks. Besides, other factors such as drinking frequency, genetic susceptibility, smoking, diet, and hormone status can modify the association. The amount of ethanol in alcoholic beverages is the determining factor in most cases, and beverage types could also make an influence. This review summarizes recent studies on alcoholic beverage consumption and several chronic diseases, trying to assess the effects of different drinking patterns, beverage types, interaction with other risk factors, and provide mechanistic explanations.
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Engi SA, Planeta CS, Crestani CC. Effect of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Combined with Testosterone Treatment on Cardiovascular Function in Rats: Influence of Exercise Training. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146974. [PMID: 26760038 PMCID: PMC4711937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of voluntary ethanol consumption combined with testosterone treatment on cardiovascular function in rats. Moreover, we investigated the influence of exercise training on these effects. To this end, male rats were submitted to low-intensity training on a treadmill or kept sedentary while concurrently being treated with ethanol for 6 weeks. For voluntary ethanol intake, rats were given access to two bottles, one containing ethanol and other containing water, three 24-hour sessions per week. In the last two weeks (weeks 5 and 6), animals underwent testosterone treatment concurrently with exercise training and exposure to ethanol. Ethanol consumption was not affected by either testosterone treatment or exercise training. Also, drug treatments did not influence the treadmill performance improvement evoked by training. However, testosterone alone, but not in combination with ethanol, reduced resting heart rate. Moreover, combined treatment with testosterone and ethanol reduced the pressor response to the selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. Treatment with either testosterone or ethanol alone also affected baroreflex activity and enhanced depressor response to acetylcholine, but these effects were inhibited when drugs were coadministrated. Exercise training restored most cardiovascular effects evoked by drug treatments. Furthermore, both drugs administrated alone increased pressor response to phenylephrine in trained animals. Also, drug treatments inhibited the beneficial effects of training on baroreflex function. In conclusion, the present results suggest a potential interaction between toxic effects of testosterone and ethanol on cardiovascular function. Data also indicate that exercise training is an important factor influencing the effects of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A. Engi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra S. Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Santilli F, D'Ardes D, Davì G. Oxidative stress in chronic vascular disease: From prediction to prevention. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:23-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
The heart and vascular system are susceptible to the harmful effects of alcohol. Alcohol is an active toxin that undergoes widespread diffusion throughout the body, causing multiple synchronous and synergistic effects. Alcohol consumption decreases myocardial contractility and induces arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy, resulting in progressive cardiovascular dysfunction and structural damage. Alcohol, whether at binge doses or a high cumulative lifetime consumption-both of which should be discouraged-is clearly deleterious for the cardiovascular system, increasing the incidence of total and cardiovascular mortality, coronary and peripheral artery disease, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus. However, epidemiological, case-control studies and meta-analyses have shown a U-type bimodal relationship so that low-to-moderate alcohol consumption (particularly of wine or beer) is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular events and mortality, compared with abstention. Potential confounding influences-alcohol-dose quantification, tobacco use, diet, exercise, lifestyle, cancer risk, accidents, and dependence-can affect the results of studies of both low-dose and high-dose alcohol consumption. Mendelian methodological approaches have led to doubts regarding the beneficial cardiovascular effects of alcohol, and the overall balance of beneficial and detrimental effects should be considered when making individual and population-wide recommendations, as reductions in alcohol consumption should provide overall health benefits.
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