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Kulkarni R, Mehta R, Goswami SK, Hammock BD, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Mallappa O, Azeemuddin MM, Rafiq M, S N M. Neuroprotective effect of herbal extracts inhibiting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and cyclooxygenase (COX) against chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:64-72. [PMID: 37209564 PMCID: PMC10849156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a novel clinical condition characterized by memory, learning, and motor function deficits. Oxidative stress and inflammation are potential factors contributing to chemotherapy's adverse effects on the brain. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has been proven effective in neuroinflammation and reversal of memory impairment. The research aims to evaluate the memory protective effect of sEH inhibitor and dual inhibitor of sEH and COX and compare its impact with herbal extracts with known nootropic activity in an animal model of CICI. In vitro sEH, the inhibitory activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Sizygium aromaticum, Nigella sativa, and Mesua ferrea was tested on murine and human sEH enzyme as per the protocol, and IC50 was determined. Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg), methotrexate (5 mg/kg), and fluorouracil (5 mg/kg) combination (CMF) were administered intraperitoneally to induce CICI. The known herbal sEH inhibitor, Lepidium meyenii and the dual inhibitor of COX and sEH (PTUPB) were tested for their protective effect in the CICI model. The herbal formulation with known nootropic activity viz Bacopa monnieri and commercial formulation (Mentat) were also used to compare the efficacy in the CICI model. Behavioral parameter such as cognitive function was assessed by Morris Water Maze besides investigating oxidative stress (GSH and LPO) and inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6, BDNF and COX-2) markers in the brain. CMF-induced CICI, which was associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. However, treatment with PTUPB or herbal extracts inhibiting sEH preserved spatial memory via ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation. S. aromaticum and N. sativa inhibited COX2, but M. Ferrea did not affect COX2 activity. Lepidium meyenii was the least effective, and mentat showed superior activity over Bacopa monnieri in preserving memory. Compared to untreated animals, the mice treated with PTUPB or hydroalcoholic extracts showed a discernible improvement in cognitive function in CICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Richa Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Onkaramurthy Mallappa
- Discovery Sciences Group, R&D Centre, Himalaya Wellness Company, Makali, Bengaluru, 562162, India
| | | | - Mohamed Rafiq
- Discovery Sciences Group, R&D Centre, Himalaya Wellness Company, Makali, Bengaluru, 562162, India
| | - Manjula S N
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
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Li J, Wen Z, Lou Y, Chen J, Gao L, Li X, Wang F. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor promotes the healing of oral ulcers. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100208. [PMID: 37148830 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral ulcers are a lesion in the oral mucosa that impacts chewing or drinking. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids (EETs) have enhanced angiogenic, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-Propionylpiperidin-4-yl) Urea (TPPU), a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor for increasing EETs level, on the healing of oral ulcers. METHODS The chemically-induced oral ulcers were established in Sprague Dawley rats. The ulcer area was treated with TPPU to evaluate the healing time and pain threshold of ulcers. The expression of angiogenesis and cell proliferation-related protein in the ulcer area was detected using immunohistochemical staining. The effects of TPPU on migration and angiogenesis capability were measured with scratch assay and tube formation. RESULTS Compared with the control group, TPPU promoted wound healing of oral ulcers with a shorter healing time, and raised pain thresholds. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TPPU increased the expression of angiogenesis and cell proliferation-related protein with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the ulcer area. TPPU enhanced cell migration and tube-forming potential in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The present results support the potential of TPPU with multiple biological effects for the treatment of oral ulcers by targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - Zihan Wen
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Lou
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jili Chen
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China; Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China.
| | - Fu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Dalian Medical University School of Stomatology, Dalian, China; Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Zhao L, Yao L, Chen R, He J, Lin T, Qiu S, Chen G, Chen H, Qiu SX. Pinostrobin from plants and propolis against human coronavirus HCoV-OC43 by modulating host AHR/CYP1A1 pathway and lipid metabolism. Antiviral Res 2023; 212:105570. [PMID: 36863496 PMCID: PMC9974210 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses, as enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses, manipulate host lipid compositions to enable robust viral replication. Temporal modulation of the host lipid metabolism is a potential novel strategy against coronaviruses. Here, the dihydroxyflavone pinostrobin (PSB) was identified through bioassay that inhibited the increment of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) in human ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Lipid metabolomic studies showed that PSB interfered with linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. PSB significantly decreased the level of 12, 13- epoxyoctadecenoic (12, 13-EpOME) and increased the level of prostaglandin E2. Interestingly, exogenous supplement of 12, 13-EpOME in HCoV-OC43-infected cells significantly stimulated HCoV-OC43 virus replication. Transcriptomic analyses showed that PSB is a negative modulator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1signaling pathway and its antiviral effects can be counteracted by supplement of FICZ, a well-known AHR agonist. Integrative analyses of metabolomic and transcriptomic indicated that PSB could affect linoleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolism axis through AHR/CYP1A1 pathway. These results highlight the importance of the AHR/CYP1A1 pathway and lipid metabolism in the anti-coronavirus activity of the bioflavonoid PSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Liyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jiani He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Silin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Hongfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China.
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Hildreth K, Kodani SD, Hammock BD, Zhao L. Cytochrome P450-derived linoleic acid metabolites EpOMEs and DiHOMEs: a review of recent studies. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108484. [PMID: 32827665 PMCID: PMC7606796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the Western diet. Cytochrome P450-derived LA metabolites 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (9,10-EpOME), 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), 9,10-dihydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid (9,10-DiHOME) and 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) have been studied for their association with various disease states and biological functions. Previous studies of the EpOMEs and DiHOMEs have focused on their roles in cytotoxic processes, primarily in the inhibition of the neutrophil respiratory burst. More recent research has suggested the DiHOMEs may be important lipid mediators in pain perception, altered immune response and brown adipose tissue activation by cold and exercise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles and modes of action of the EpOMEs and DiHOMEs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hildreth
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
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Comparison of the toxicokinetics of the convulsants picrotoxinin and tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) in mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1995-2007. [PMID: 32239239 PMCID: PMC7303059 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute intoxication with picrotoxin or the rodenticide tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) can cause seizures that rapidly progress to status epilepticus and death. Both compounds inhibit γ-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptors with similar potency. However, TETS is approximately 100 × more lethal than picrotoxin. Here, we directly compared the toxicokinetics of the two compounds following intraperitoneal administration in mice. Using LC/MS analysis we found that picrotoxinin, the active component of picrotoxin, hydrolyses quickly into picrotoxic acid, has a short in vivo half-life, and is moderately brain penetrant (brain/plasma ratio 0.3). TETS, in contrast, is not metabolized by liver microsomes and persists in the body following intoxication. Using both GC/MS and a TETS-selective immunoassay we found that mice administered TETS at the LD50 of 0.2 mg/kg in the presence of rescue medications exhibited serum levels that remained constant around 1.6 μM for 48 h before falling slowly over the next 10 days. TETS showed a similar persistence in tissues. Whole-cell patch-clamp demonstrated that brain and serum extracts prepared from mice at 2 and 14 days after TETS administration significantly blocked heterologously expressed α2β3γ2 GABAA-receptors confirming that TETS remains pharmacodynamically active in vivo. This observed persistence may contribute to the long-lasting and recurrent seizures observed following human exposures. We suggest that countermeasures to neutralize TETS or accelerate its elimination should be explored for this highly dangerous threat agent.
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McReynolds C, Morisseau C, Wagner K, Hammock B. Epoxy Fatty Acids Are Promising Targets for Treatment of Pain, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Indications Characterized by Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Stress and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:71-99. [PMID: 32894508 PMCID: PMC7737916 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators resulting from the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are controlled by many pathways that regulate the levels of these mediators and maintain homeostasis to prevent disease. PUFA metabolism is driven primarily through three pathways. Two pathways, the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymatic pathways, form metabolites that are mostly inflammatory, while the third route of metabolism results from the oxidation by the cytochrome P450 enzymes to form hydroxylated PUFA and epoxide metabolites. These epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFA) demonstrate largely anti-inflammatory and beneficial properties, in contrast to the other metabolites formed from the degradation of PUFA. Dysregulation of these systems often leads to chronic disease. Pharmaceutical targets of disease focus on preventing the formation of inflammatory metabolites from the COX and LO pathways, while maintaining the EpFA and increasing their concentration in the body is seen as beneficial to treating and preventing disease. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is the major route of metabolism of EpFA. Inhibiting its activity increases concentrations of beneficial EpFA, and often disease states correlate to mutations in the sEH enzyme that increase its activity and decrease the concentrations of EpFA in the body. Recent approaches to increasing EpFA include synthetic mimics that replicate biological activity of EpFA while preventing their metabolism, while other approaches focus on developing small molecule inhibitors to the sEH. Increasing EpFA concentrations in the body has demonstrated multiple beneficial effects in treating many diseases, including inflammatory and painful conditions, cardiovascular disease, neurological and disease of the central nervous system. Demonstration of efficacy in so many disease states can be explained by the fundamental mechanism that EpFA have of maintaining healthy microvasculature and preventing mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. While there are no FDA approved methods that target the sEH or other enzymes responsible for metabolizing EpFA, current clinical efforts to test for efficacy by increasing EpFA that include inhibiting the sEH or administration of EpFA mimics that block metabolism are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Osthues T, Sisignano M. Oxidized Lipids in Persistent Pain States. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1147. [PMID: 31680947 PMCID: PMC6803483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, nerve injuries, or diseases like multiple sclerosis can cause pathophysiological processes of persistent and neuropathic pain. Thereby, the activation threshold of ion channels is reduced in peripheral sensory neurons to normally noxious stimuli like heat, cold, acid, or mechanical due to sensitization processes. This leads to enhanced neuronal activity, which can result in mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain, and may initiate persistent and neuropathic pain. The treatment options for persistent and neuropathic pain patients are limited; for about 50% of them, current medication is not efficient due to severe side effects or low response to the treatment. Therefore, it is of special interest to find additional treatment strategies. One approach is the control of neuronal sensitization processes. Herein, signaling lipids are crucial mediators and play an important role during the onset and maintenance of pain. As preclinical studies demonstrate, lipids may act as endogenous ligands or may sensitize transient receptor potential (TRP)-channels. Likewise, they can cause enhanced activity of sensory neurons by mechanisms involving G-protein coupled receptors and activation of intracellular protein kinases. In this regard, oxidized metabolites of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid, 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), their dihydroxy-metabolites (DiHOMEs), as well as epoxides of linoleic acid (EpOMEs) and of arachidonic acid (EETs), as well as lysophospholipids, sphingolipids, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been reported to play distinct roles in pain transmission or inhibition. Here, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of the oxidized linoleic acid metabolites and eicosanoids. Furthermore, we critically evaluate their role as potential targets for the development of novel analgesics and for the treatment of persistent or neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Osthues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Buisseret B, Alhouayek M, Guillemot-Legris O, Muccioli GG. Endocannabinoid and Prostanoid Crosstalk in Pain. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:882-896. [PMID: 31160168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interfering with endocannabinoid (eCB) metabolism to increase their levels is a proven anti-nociception strategy. However, because the eCB and prostanoid systems are intertwined, interfering with eCB metabolism will affect the prostanoid system and inversely. Key to this connection is the production of the cyclooxygenase (COX) substrate arachidonic acid upon eCB hydrolysis as well as the ability of COX to metabolize the eCBs anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) into prostaglandin-ethanolamides (PG-EA) and prostaglandin-glycerol esters (PG-G), respectively. Recent studies shed light on the role of PG-Gs and PG-EAs in nociception and inflammation. Here, we discuss the role of these complex systems in nociception and new opportunities to alleviate pain by interacting with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Buisseret
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Minaz N, Razdan R, Hammock BD, Mujwar S, Goswami SK. Impact of diabetes on male sexual function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Protective role of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108897. [PMID: 31102913 PMCID: PMC6893866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced male sexual dysfunction is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is known to improve endothelial function in diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesized that sEH inhibitor (sEHI), [trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureido]cyclohexyloxy}benzoic acid] / t-TUCB can restore the male sexual function in diabetic rat. After one week of administration of diabetogenic agent STZ (52 mg/kg i.p) injection, diabetic rats were treated with t-TUCB (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, p.o) or vehicle for 8 weeks. The sexual behaviour parameters of the animals were evaluated at the end of dosing period. The levels of testosterone and glucose in serum, and sperm were quantified. Effect of treatment on weight of reproductive organs and histopathology of penile tissue was evaluated. Diabetes had a negative effect on male sexual function, weight of sexual organs and production of sperm with a parallel decrease in the level of testosterone. The sEHI, t-TUCB, significantly preserved the sexual function and minimized an increase in the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats. It also prevented a decrease in the level of testosterone and sperm in diabetic rats, in comparison to diabetic control rats. Further, diabetes induced distortion of corpus cavernosum was attenuated by t-TUCB. Based on our findings, sEHI may delay the development of sexual dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathani Minaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura, 281 406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Zarriello S, Tuazon JP, Corey S, Schimmel S, Rajani M, Gorsky A, Incontri D, Hammock BD, Borlongan CV. Humble beginnings with big goals: Small molecule soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors for treating CNS disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 172:23-39. [PMID: 30447256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) degrades epoxides of fatty acids including epoxyeicosatrienoic acid isomers (EETs), which are produced as metabolites of the cytochrome P450 branch of the arachidonic acid pathway. EETs exert a variety of largely beneficial effects in the context of inflammation and vascular regulation. sEH inhibition is shown to be therapeutic in several cardiovascular and renal disorders, as well as in peripheral analgesia, via the increased availability of anti-inflammatory EETs. The success of sEH inhibitors in peripheral systems suggests their potential in targeting inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Here, we describe the current roles of sEH in the pathology and treatment of CNS disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, cognitive impairment, dementia and depression. In view of the robust anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells, we also outlined the potency of stem cell treatment and sEH inhibitors as a combination therapy for these CNS disorders. This review highlights the gaps in current knowledge about the pathologic and therapeutic roles of sEH in CNS disorders, which should guide future basic science research towards translational and clinical applications of sEH inhibitors for treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Zarriello
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Julian P Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Sydney Corey
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Samantha Schimmel
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Mira Rajani
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Anna Gorsky
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Diego Incontri
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, NIEHS-UCD Superfund Research Program, University of California - Davis, United States.
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
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Zhang P, Meng X, Tang X, Ren L, Liang J. The effect of a coix seed oil injection on cancer pain relief. Support Care Cancer 2018; 27:461-465. [PMID: 29971522 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is one of the most commonly reported symptoms in patients with advanced cancer, but is still less than optimally treated. The effect of traditional Chinese medicine in cancer pain treatment is nowadays getting more and more attention. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a coix seed oil injection on cancer pain relief in a cancer center in a tertiary hospital in China. METHODS Patients in the treatment group received a coix seed oil injection for 2 weeks, while patients in the control group received equivalent 0.9% saline. The numeric rating scale was used to assess the pain level. The Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 was used to assess life quality. The adverse drug reactions during the treatment process were observed. RESULTS Patients in the coix seed treatment group had significantly superior efficacy on pain control over those in the control group. Coix seed therapy significantly improved patients' scores reflecting by the Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) scale. In addition, the occurrence of adverse reactions such as constipation and nausea in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. CONCLUSION The coix seed oil injection effectively reduced the pain level of cancer patients, significantly improved their life quality, and had no obvious adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, No. 1, Life Science Park Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, No. 1, Life Science Park Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaohua Tang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, No. 1, Life Science Park Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, No. 1, Life Science Park Road, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, No. 1, Life Science Park Road, Beijing, 102206, China.
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12
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An inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase ameliorates diabetes-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 136:84-89. [PMID: 29751149 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enhances the synaptic function in the CNS and has a protective role in cognitive decline. We hypothesized that the sEH inhibitor TPPU might prevent the diabetes-induced decline in learning and memory which is associated with an alteration in the level of neurotransmitters and oxidative stress. METHODS Type 1 diabetes was induced in rats and the animals were treated with TPPU for 8 weeks. The learning and memory functions were assessed by the Barnes maze and a step-down test. Indicators of oxidative stress, levels of neurotransmitters, and activity of acetylcholinesterase were measured in the discrete regions of the brain. RESULTS Our results revealed that treatment with TPPU significantly improves learning and memory performance in diabetic rats along with decreasing the level of blood sugar. Moreover, treatment with TPPU significantly prevented the diabetes-induced alteration in levels of neurotransmitters, the activity of acetylcholinesterase and preserved anti-oxidant defence system. CONCLUSION Inhibition of the sEH alleviates diabetes-induced decline in learning and memory.
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Islam O, Patil P, Goswami SK, Razdan R, Inamdar MN, Rizwan M, Mathew J, Inceoglu B, Stephen Lee KS, Hwang SH, Hammock BD. Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase minimize ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiac damage in normal, hypertensive, and diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 35. [PMID: 28296232 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We designed a study to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of two soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors, 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea (TPPU) and trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureido]cyclohexyloxy}benzoic acid (t-TUCB), in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model. METHODS Cardioprotective effects of the sEH inhibitors were evaluated against IR-induced myocardial damage in hearts from normal, hypertensive, and diabetic rats using Langendorff's apparatus. In addition, the effect of sEH inhibitors on endothelial function was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo using isolated rat thoracic aorta. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) increased the myocardial damage in hearts from normal rats. IR-induced myocardial damage was augmented in hearts isolated from hypertensive and diabetic rats. Myocardial damage as evident from increase in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in heart perfusate was associated with significant decrease in the heart rate and developed tension, and increase in the resting tension in isolated heart. Both sEH inhibitors protected the heart in normal, hypertensive, and diabetic rats subjected to IR injury. The sEH inhibitor t-TUCB relaxed phenylephrine precontracted aorta from normal rats. Relaxant effect of acetylcholine (ACh) was reduced in aortas from diabetic and hypertensive rats compared to normal rats. Pretreatment of sEH inhibitors to diabetic and hypertensive rats increased relaxant effect of ACh on aortas isolated from these rats. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic treatment with sEH inhibitors decreased myocardial damage due to IR, hypertension and diabetes, and decreased endothelial dysfunction created by diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, inhibitors of sEH are useful probes to study cardiovascular pathology, and inhibition of the sEH is a potential approach in the management of IR-induced cardiac damage and endothelial dysfunction-related cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumanta K Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed N Inamdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Mohammed Rizwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jubin Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kin S Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sung H Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Inceoglu B, Bettaieb A, Haj FG, Gomes AV, Hammock BD. Modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress are key mechanisms for the wide-ranging actions of epoxy fatty acids and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:68-78. [PMID: 28847566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid cascade is arguably the most widely known biologic regulatory pathway. Decades after the seminal discoveries involving its cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase branches, studies of this cascade remain an active area of research. The third and less widely known branch, the cytochrome P450 pathway leads to highly active oxygenated lipid mediators, epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), which are of similar potency to prostanoids and leukotrienes. Unlike the COX and LOX branches, no pharmaceuticals currently are marketed targeting the P450 branch. However, data support therapeutic benefits from modulating these regulatory lipid mediators. This is being approached by stabilizing or mimicking the EpFAs or even by altering the diet. These approaches lead to predominantly beneficial effects on a wide range of apparently unrelated states resulting in an enigma of how this small group of natural chemical mediators can have such diverse effects. EpFAs are degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and stabilized by inhibiting this enzyme. In this review, we focus on interconnected aspects of reported mechanisms of action of EpFAs and inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEHI). The sEHI and EpFAs are commonly reported to maintain homeostasis under pathological conditions while remaining neutral under normal physiological conditions. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the unique and broad range of biological activities ascribed to epoxy fatty acids. We argue that their mechanism of action pivots on their ability to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, to reduce subsequent ROS formation and to block resulting cellular signaling cascades, primarily the endoplasmic reticulum stress. By stabilizing the mitochondrial - ROS - ER stress axis, the range of activity of EpFAs and sEHI display an overlap with the disease conditions including diabetes, fibrosis, chronic pain, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, for which the above outlined mechanisms play key roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, United States; Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, United States.
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, CA 95616, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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15
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Goswami SK, Rand AA, Wan D, Yang J, Inceoglu B, Thomas M, Morisseau C, Yang GY, Hammock BD. Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase or genetic deletion reduces diclofenac-induced gastric ulcers. Life Sci 2017; 180:114-122. [PMID: 28522175 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This research was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that gastric ulcers caused by the NSAID diclofenac sodium (DCF) can be prevented by the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU. MAIN METHODS Mice were administered a single dose of 10, 30 or 100mg/kg of DCF. Once an ulcerative dose of DCF was chosen, mice were pretreated with TPPU for 7days at 0.1mg/kg to evaluate anti-ulcer effects of the sEH inhibitor on anatomy, histopathology, pH, inflammatory markers and epithelial apoptosis of stomachs. KEY FINDINGS Diclofenac caused ulceration of the stomach at a dose of 100mg/kg and a time post dose of 6h. Ulcers generated under these conditions were associated with a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and increased apoptosis compared to control mice. Pretreatment with TPPU resulted in a decrease of ulceration in mice treated with DCF with a significant decrease in the level of apoptosis, TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum in comparison to diclofenac-treated mice. TPPU did not affect the pH of the stomach, whereas omeprazole elevated the pH of the stomach as expected. A similar anti-ulcer effect was observed in sEH gene knockout mice treated with DCF. SIGNIFICANCE The sEH inhibitor TPPU decreases the NSAID-induced stomach ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amelia Ann Rand
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Melany Thomas
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Goswami SK, Inamdar MN, Dethe SM, Gururaj GM, Jamwal R, Bhaskar A, Mundkinajeddu D, Agarwal A. Erectogenic and Aphrodisiac Property of Moringa oleifera: Involvement of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Enzyme. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1119-27. [PMID: 27020843 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors have been reported to improve penile erection; therefore, sEH could be useful for management of erectile dysfunction. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of 30 Indian medicinal plants were screened for their sEH inhibition potential. Fifteen extracts showed >50% inhibition when screened at 50 µg/mL in sEH inhibition assay. Methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) seeds (MEMO) was most potent with IC50 1.7 ± 0.1 µg/mL and was selected for in vitro studies on isolated rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and in vivo sexual behaviour studies on healthy and diabetic rats. Rats were divided into five groups, each containing six animals and treated orally with either water, vehicle (1% Tween-20), MEMO (45 and 90 mg/kg/day for 21 days), and standard drug, sildenafil (5 mg/kg/day for 7 days). An equal number of female rats were used, and the effect of MEMO and sildenafil was compared with that of vehicle. MEMO significantly relaxed isolated rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle at 0.1-100 µg/mL in vitro and significantly increased (p < 0.05) sexual activity, intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure in normal and diabetic rats. The increase in erectile function of rats by MEMO could be because of its sEH inhibitory activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shekhar M Dethe
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Giligar M Gururaj
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Rohitash Jamwal
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Anirban Bhaskar
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Deepak Mundkinajeddu
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Amit Agarwal
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560100, India
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17
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Goswami SK, Wan D, Yang J, Trindade da Silva CA, Morisseau C, Kodani SD, Yang GY, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD. Anti-Ulcer Efficacy of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor TPPU on Diclofenac-Induced Intestinal Ulcers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:529-36. [PMID: 26989141 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole (OME) reduce the severity of gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but can also increase the chance of dysbiosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that preventive use of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHI) such as TPPU can decrease NSAID-induced ulcers by increasing anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Dose- [10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, by mouth (PO)] and time-dependent (6 and 18 hours) ulcerative effects of diclofenac sodium (DCF, an NSAID) were studied in the small intestine of Swiss Webster mice. Dose-dependent effects of TPPU (0.001-0.1 mg/kg per day for 7 days, in drinking water) were evaluated in DCF-induced intestinal toxicity and compared with OME (20 mg/kg, PO). In addition, the effect of treatment was studied on levels of Hb in blood, EETs in plasma, inflammatory markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) in intestinal tissue homogenates, and tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum. DCF dose dependently induced ulcers that were associated with both a significant (P < 0.05) loss of Hb and an increase in the level of MPO and TNF-α, with severity of ulceration highest at 18 hours. Pretreatment with TPPU dose dependently prevented ulcer formation by DCF, increased the levels of epoxy fatty acids, including EETs, and TPPU's efficacy was comparable to OME. TPPU significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the effect of DCF on the level of Hb, MPO, and TNF-α Thus sEHI might be useful in the management of NSAID-induced ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carlos A Trindade da Silva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.K.G., D.W., J.Y., C.A.T.S., C.M., S.D.K., B.I., B.D.H.), University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry (C.A.T.S.), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Pathology (G.-Y.Y.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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