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Cizkova K, Tauber Z. Fibrates Affect Levels of Phosphorylated p38 in Intestinal Cells in a Differentiation-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097695. [PMID: 37175404 PMCID: PMC10178720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrates are widely used hypolipidaemic agents that act as ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). p38 is a protein kinase that is mainly activated by environmental and genotoxic stress. We investigated the effect of the PPARα activators fenofibrate and WY-14643 and the PPARα inhibitor GW6471 on the levels of activated p38 (p-p38) in the colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and Caco2 in relation to their differentiation status. Fibrates increased p-p38 in undifferentiated HT-29 cells, whereas in other cases p-p38 expression was decreased. HT-29 cells showed p-p38 predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas Caco2 cells showed higher nuclear positivity. The effect of fibrates may depend on the differentiation status of the cell, as differentiated HT-29 and undifferentiated Caco2 cells share similar characteristics in terms of villin, CYP2J2, and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) expression. In human colorectal carcinoma, higher levels of p-p38 were detected in the cytoplasm, whereas in normal colonic surface epithelium, p-p38 showed nuclear positivity. The decrease in p-p38 positivity was associated with a decrease in sEH, consistent with in vitro results. In conclusion, fibrates affect the level of p-p38, but its exact role in the process of carcinogenesis remains unclear and further research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Gomes AS, Passos LS, Rocha Aride PH, Chisté B, Gomes LC, Boldrini-França J. Gene expression changes in Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei, Serranidae) liver reveals candidate molecular biomarker of iron ore contamination. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134899. [PMID: 35561782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastes from iron ore mining activities are potentially damaging to adjacent aquatic ecosystems. We aimed to determine biomarkers of environmental exposure to this xenobiotic in the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus by differential gene expression analysis. For this, fish were exposed to iron ore (15.2 mg/L) and gene expression in liver was assessed by RNA-Seq and compared to the control group. A total of 124 differentially expressed genes were identified, from which 52 were upregulated and 72 were downregulated in response to iron ore. From these, ferritin (medium subunit), cytochrome b reductase and epoxide hydrolase genes were selected for validation by RT-qPCR that confirmed the upregulation of epoxide hydrolase in fish exposed to iron ore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo, 21, 29102-770, Vila Velha ES, Brazil
| | - Larissa Souza Passos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Chisté
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo, 21, 29102-770, Vila Velha ES, Brazil
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo, 21, 29102-770, Vila Velha ES, Brazil
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo, 21, 29102-770, Vila Velha ES, Brazil; School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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3
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Camacho-Muñoz D, Kiezel-Tsugunova M, Kiss O, Uddin M, Sundén M, Ryaboshapkina M, Lind L, Oscarsson J, Nicolaou A. Omega-3 carboxylic acids and fenofibrate differentially alter plasma lipid mediators in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21976. [PMID: 34618982 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100380rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibrates and omega-3 polyunsaturated acids are used for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia but have not demonstrated consistent effects on cardiovascular (CV) risk. In this study, we investigate how these two pharmacological agents influence plasma levels of bioactive lipid mediators, aiming to explore their efficacy beyond that of lipid-lowering agents. Plasma from overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertriglyceridemia, participating in a randomized placebo-controlled study investigating the effects of 12 weeks treatment with fenofibrate or omega-3 free carboxylic acids (OM-3CA) (200 mg or 4 g per day, respectively), were analyzed for eicosanoids and related PUFA species, N-acylethanolamines (NAE) and ceramides. OM-3CA reduced plasma concentrations of proinflammatory PGE2 , as well as PGE1 , PGD1 and thromboxane B2 but increased prostacyclin, and eicosapentaenoic acid- and docosahexaenoic acid-derived lipids of lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) (e.g., 17-HDHA, 18-HEPE, 19,20-DiHDPA). Fenofibrate reduced plasma concentrations of vasoactive CYP-derived eicosanoids (DHETs). Although OM-3CA increased plasma levels of the NAE docosahexaenoyl ethanolamine and docosapentaenoyl ethanolamine, and fenofibrate increased palmitoleoyl ethanolamine, the effect of both treatments may have been masked by the placebo (olive oil). Fenofibrate was more efficacious than OM-3CA in significantly reducing plasma ceramides, pro-inflammatory lipids associated with CV disease risk. Neither treatment affected putative lipid species associated with NAFLD. Our results show that OM-3CA and fenofibrate differentially modulate the plasma mediator lipidome, with OM-3CA promoting the formation of lipid mediators with potential effects on chronic inflammation, while fenofibrate mainly reducing ceramides. These findings suggest that both treatments could ameliorate chronic inflammation with possible impact on disease outcomes, independent of triglyceride reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Magdalena Kiezel-Tsugunova
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mohib Uddin
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Mӧlndal, Sweden
| | - Mattias Sundén
- Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Mӧlndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Zhou L, Zeng X, Rao T, Tan Z, Zhou G, Ouyang D, Chen L. Evaluating the protective effects of individual or combined ginsenoside compound K and the downregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase expression against sodium valproate-induced liver cell damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 422:115555. [PMID: 33915122 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sodium valproate (SVP) is one of the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs. However, SVP is known to induce hepatotoxicity, which limits its clinical application for treating various neurological disorders. Previously, we found that ginsenoside compound K (G-CK) demonstrated protective effects against SVP-induced hepatotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, as well as downregulating the expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in rats. This study aimed to assess the effect of G-CK on SVP-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatocytes (L02 cell line), as well as the effect of the downregulation of sEH expression on both the hepatotoxicity of SVP and the hepatoprotective effects of G-CK. We observed that G-CK significantly ameliorated the decrease of cell viability, elevated ALT, AST and ALP activities, significant oxidative stress, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by SVP in L02 cells. G-CK also inhibited the SVP-mediated upregulation of sEH expression. Transfection of the L02 cells with siRNA-sEH led to a partial improvement in the L02 cytotoxicity caused by SVP by mitigating cellular oxidative stress without recovering the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, the combination of siRNA-sEH and G-CK had better inhibitory effects on the SVP-induced changes of all detection indices except mitochondrial membrane potential than G-CK alone. Together, our results demonstrated that the combination of siRNA-sEH and G-CK better suppressed the SVP-induced cytotoxicity in L02 cells compared to either G-CK or siRNA-sEH alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Xiangchang Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Gan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410000, PR China.
| | - Lulu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410000, PR China.
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Vatanparast M, Ahmed S, Lee DH, Hwang SH, Hammock B, Kim Y. EpOMEs act as immune suppressors in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20183. [PMID: 33214688 PMCID: PMC7677322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (EpOMEs) are epoxide derivatives of linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) and include 9,10-EpOME and 12,13-EpOME. They are synthesized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) and degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Although EpOMEs are well known to play crucial roles in mediating various physiological processes in mammals, their role is not well understood in insects. This study chemically identified their presence in insect tissues: 941.8 pg/g of 9,10-EpOME and 2,198.3 pg/g of 12,13-EpOME in fat body of a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua. Injection of 9,10-EpOME or 12,13-EpOME into larvae suppressed the cellular immune responses induced by bacterial challenge. EpOME treatment also suppressed the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. Among 139 S. exigua CYPs, an ortholog (SE51385) to human EpOME synthase was predicted and its expression was highly inducible upon bacterial challenge. RNA interference (RNAi) of SE51385 prevented down-regulation of immune responses at a late stage (> 24 h) following bacterial challenge. A soluble epoxide hydrolase (Se-sEH) of S. exigua was predicted and showed specific expression in all development stages and in different larval tissues. Furthermore, its expression levels were highly enhanced by bacterial challenge in different tissues. RNAi reduction of Se-sEH interfered with hemocyte-spreading behavior, nodule formation, and AMP expression. To support the immune association of EpOMEs, urea-based sEH inhibitors were screened to assess their inhibitory activities against cellular and humoral immune responses of S. exigua. 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA) was highly potent in suppressing the immune responses. The addition of AUDA to a pathogenic bacterium significantly increased bacterial pathogenicity by suppressing host immune defense. In sum, this study demonstrated that EpOMEs play a crucial role in facilitating anti-inflammatory responses in S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vatanparast
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 37629, South Korea
| | - Shabbir Ahmed
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 37629, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Lee
- Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 37629, South Korea.
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Song P, Shen X. Juice from Fructus Rosae Roxburghii normalizes blood lipids in mice with diet-induced hyperlipidemia* †. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6069-6082. [PMID: 33282259 PMCID: PMC7684604 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructus Rosae Roxburghii (FRR) as a dietary supplement is considered to possess anti-atherosclerosis (AS), and hyperlipidemia (HLP) is material basis for AS formation, so the effects and molecular mechanism of FRR on diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice were explored. In Diet IV2 group, hepatic steatosis was significantly relieved; meanwhile, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and ASI in serum were regulated to control level. Thirty-seven DCEG in Diet I, Diet II, and Diet IV2 groups were obtained by RNA-seq analysis. Relative mRNA levels were further determined by qRT-PCR, of which 28 genes were matched with those detected by RNA-seq. Ten DCEP were verified by targeted quantitative proteomic analysis, but expressive patterns of only six proteins were correlated with qRT-PCR data. These DCEG and DCEP played important roles in regulating the biosynthesis of BAs and steroids, fatty acid metabolism, and LPO production. They might cooperatively regulate the function of HDL or RCT by PPAR signaling pathway under the FRR action. As we know, it is the first time the potential anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of FRR regulating the blood lipids was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine ResourcesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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Tran VN, Viktorová J, Ruml T. Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E628. [PMID: 33008111 PMCID: PMC7601793 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of mycotoxins content in food is not sufficient for the prediction of their potential in vivo cytotoxicity because it does not reflect their bioavailability and mutual interactions within complex matrices, which may significantly alter the toxic effects. Moreover, many mycotoxins undergo biotransformation and metabolization during the intestinal absorption process. Biotransformation is predominantly the conversion of mycotoxins meditated by cytochrome P450 and other enzymes. This should transform the toxins to nontoxic metabolites but it may possibly result in unexpectedly high toxicity. Therefore, the verification of biotransformation and bioavailability provides valuable information to correctly interpret occurrence data and biomonitoring results. Among all of the methods available, the in vitro models using monolayer formed by epithelial cells from the human colon (Caco-2 cell) have been extensively used for evaluating the permeability, bioavailability, intestinal transport, and metabolism of toxic and biologically active compounds. Here, the strengths and limitations of both in vivo and in vitro techniques used to determine bioavailability are reviewed, along with current detailed data about biotransformation of mycotoxins. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of mycotoxin effects is also discussed regarding the disorder of intestinal barrier integrity induced by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.)
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Song P, Shen X. Proteomic analysis of liver in diet-induced Hyperlipidemic mice under Fructus Rosa roxburghii action. J Proteomics 2020; 230:103982. [PMID: 32927110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Rosae Roxburghii (FRR) has been considered as edible and medicinal fruit possessing antiatherosclerotic effect, but the mechanism is still unclear. HLP is material basis for AS formation. Under FRR action, TC, TG, LDL, HDL and ASI in serum were regulated to control level. Differentially expressed proteins in liver were analyzed by using TMT labeling and LC-MS/MS for better understanding the effect and molecular mechanism of FRR on diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. In total, 4460 proteins were quantified, of which 469 proteins showed dramatic changes between each group. According to molecular functions, 25 differentially co-expressed proteins were divided into five categories: substance metabolism, energy transformation and signal transduction, transcription and translation, immune defense. 15 key proteins involved lipids metabolism, which were identified as Cyp7a1, Cyp3a11, Tm7sf2, COAT2, CSAD, RBP3, Lpin1, Dhrs4, Aldh1b1, GK, Acot 4, TSC22D1, PGFS, EHs, GSTM1. This suggested that FRR could maintain metabolic homeostasis by regulating the metabolism of fatty acids, biosynthesis of BAs and steroids, and production of LPOs. 20 oxidative lipids further confirmed their importance regulating lipids metabolism. It's first time potential antiatherosclerotic mechanism of FRR regulating blood lipids was explored from protein level, which is of great significance to explore new drug targets for AS. SIGNIFICANCE: Under the action of FRR juice, the blood lipids in mice were regulated to control level. By TMT proteomic analysis, the effect and molecular mechanism of FRR on diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice were further explored. 25 differentially co-expressed proteins obtained in three diet groups might cooperatively regulate the lipids metabolism and hepatic function of mice, thus maintaining the metabolism homeostasis. By lipidomics analysis, 20 oxidative lipids further confirmed the importance of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in regulating the lipids metabolism. These findings provide an improved understanding for the regulation of FRR on the blood lipids and explores potential metabolic targets for AS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants (The high Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The high Educational Key laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou 550000, China; Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants (The high Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The high Educational Key laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou 550000, China; Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou 550000, China.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɑ (PPARɑ)–cytochrome P450 epoxygenases-soluble epoxide hydrolase axis in ER + PR + HER2− breast cancer. Med Mol Morphol 2019; 53:141-148. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-019-00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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