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Wu J, Yin Q, Wang Y, Wang R, Gong W, Chen Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Ji Y. Integrated transcriptome and metabolomic analyses uncover the mechanism of cadmium-caused mouse spermatogonia apoptosis via inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Reprod Toxicol 2024:108664. [PMID: 39038763 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-recognized male reproductive toxicant that can cause testicular germ cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism needs investigation. CG-1 mouse spermatogonia (spg) cells were treated with 20μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 24h. Cell apoptosis was measured, and the expressions of key genes and protein biomarkers involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were detected, respectively. Untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify different metabolites, and transcriptome analysis was conducted to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our results indicated that CdCl2 exposure caused cell apoptosis, and DEGs were involved in several apoptosis-related pathways. Moreover, CdCl2 exposure apparently increased the mRNA and protein expressions levels of both GRP78 and ATF6α, disrupting the expression of various metabolites, particularly amino acids. Conclusively, our study reveals the pathway of CdCl2 toxicity on mouse spg, providing a deep understanding of CdCl2-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qizi Yin
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Gong
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yihang Chen
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehao Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yanli Ji
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Wang R, Li M, Wu Z, Gong W, Zhang M, Liu Y, Yao Y, Ji Y. PBA alleviates cadmium-induced mouse spermatogonia apoptosis by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105784. [PMID: 38242296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediates Cd-caused germ cell apoptosis in testis. The effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a classical chaperone, were investigated on Cd-induced apoptosis in mouse GC-1 spermatogonia cells. METHODS The cells were pretreated with PBA before Cd exposure. TUNEL and flow cytometry assays were applied to determine apoptosis. Some key biomarkers of ER stress were analyzed using RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS as expected, the apoptotic cells exposed to Cd apparently increased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and ATF6α, were elevated in the Cd groups. Additional experiments displayed that Cd notably increased IRE1α and JNK phosphorylation, and upregulated XBP-1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, p-eIF2α and CHOP expressions were clearly elevated in the Cd groups. Interestingly, PBA almost completely inhibited ER stress and protected spermatogonia against apoptosis induced by Cd. CONCLUSION PBA alleviated Cd-induced ER stress and spermatogonia apoptosis, and may have the therapeutic role in Cd-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Gong
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehao Liu
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Yuyou Yao
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China.
| | - Yanli Ji
- Department of health inspection and quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics / Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui, China.
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Cai L. Perspective of Dose-Response: New Chapter With New "Exposome" and "-omics". Dose Response 2024; 22:15593258241248775. [PMID: 38680850 PMCID: PMC11047227 DOI: 10.1177/15593258241248775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This is an editorial from the new editor-in-chief, EIC, who starts his role in March 2024. Due to the remarkable advance of various research fields in terms of its concepts and technology, the emerging concepts of "Exposome" and associated "Exposomics" have been introduced into the toxicology research. Therefore, the mission of "Dose-Response" will remain adhered to the original goals but will incorporate with these new concepts as the next chapter's principle and strategies. Accordingly, although it remains with special interest in the biological response to low-dose (level) ranges of stresses. The types and contents of interested manuscripts will be extended with more diverse, newer concepts from a wide range of disciplines. We wish this journal can open a door for various discipline scientists and researchers to share their state-of-the-art discoveries to shed new insight to understand the impact of environmental and toxicological medicine and develop more specific and effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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4
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Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Santamaria A, Bogdanov AR, Tizabi Y, Virgolini MB, Zhou JC, Skalny AV. Dissecting the role of cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117134. [PMID: 37714366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review the existing epidemiological and laboratory findings supporting the role of toxic metal exposure in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The existing epidemiological studies demonstrate that cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) exposure was associated both with an increased risk of NAFLD and altered biochemical markers of liver injury. Laboratory studies demonstrated that metal exposure induces hepatic lipid accumulation resulting from activation of lipogenesis and inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation due to up-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and down-regulation of PPARα. Other metabolic pathways involved in this effect may include activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The mechanisms of hepatocyte damage during development of metal-induced hepatic steatosis were shown to involve oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and dysregulation of autophagy. Induction of inflammatory response contributing to progression of NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) upon toxic metal exposure was shown to be mediated by up-regulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activation of NRLP3 inflammasome. Moreover, epigenetic effects of the metals, as well as their effect on gut microbiota and gut wall integrity were also shown to mediate their role in NAFLD development. Despite being demonstrated for Cd, Pb, and As, the contribution of these mechanisms into Hg-induced NAFLD is yet to be estimated. Therefore, further studies are required to clarify the intimate mechanisms underlying the relationship between heavy metal and metalloid exposure and NAFLD/NASH to reveal the potential targets for treatment and prevention of metal-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia; Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfred R Bogdanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Russian State Social University, 129226, Moscow, Russia; Municipal State Hospital No. 13 of the Moscow City Health Department, 115280, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Miriam B Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Técnicas (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia; Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Dolce A, Della Torre S. Sex, Nutrition, and NAFLD: Relevance of Environmental Pollution. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102335. [PMID: 37242221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease and represents an increasing public health issue given the limited treatment options and its association with several other metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The epidemic, still growing prevalence of NAFLD worldwide cannot be merely explained by changes in diet and lifestyle that occurred in the last few decades, nor from their association with genetic and epigenetic risk factors. It is conceivable that environmental pollutants, which act as endocrine and metabolic disruptors, may contribute to the spreading of this pathology due to their ability to enter the food chain and be ingested through contaminated food and water. Given the strict interplay between nutrients and the regulation of hepatic metabolism and reproductive functions in females, pollutant-induced metabolic dysfunctions may be of particular relevance for the female liver, dampening sex differences in NAFLD prevalence. Dietary intake of environmental pollutants can be particularly detrimental during gestation, when endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with the programming of liver metabolism, accounting for the developmental origin of NAFLD in offspring. This review summarizes cause-effect evidence between environmental pollutants and increased incidence of NAFLD and emphasizes the need for further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dolce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Saedi S, Watson SE, Young JL, Tan Y, Wintergerst KA, Cai L. Does maternal low-dose cadmium exposure increase the risk of offspring to develop metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes? Life Sci 2023; 315:121385. [PMID: 36634865 PMCID: PMC9912173 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a hazardous metal with multiple organ toxicity that causes great harm to human health. Cadmium enters the human body through occupational exposure, diet, drinking water, breathing, and smoking. Cadmium accumulation in the human body is associated with increased risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cadmium uptake is enhanced during pregnancy and can cross the placenta affecting placental development and function. Subsequently, cadmium can pass to fetus, gathering in multiple organs such as the liver and pancreas. Early-life cadmium exposure can induce hepatic oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, resulting in insulin resistance and glucose metabolic dyshomeostasis in the offspring. Prenatal exposure to cadmium is also associated with increasing epigenetic effects on the offspring's multi-organ functions. However, whether and how maternal exposure to low-dose cadmium impacts the risks of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the young and/or adult offspring remains unclear. This review collected available data to address the current evidence for the potential role of cadmium exposure, leading to insulin resistance and the development of T2D in offspring. However, this review reveals that underlying mechanisms linking prenatal cadmium exposure during pregnancy with T2D in offspring remain to be adequately investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara E Watson
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jamie L Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA; The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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7
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Fritsche K, Ziková-Kloas A, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A. Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals Affecting the Liver: Screening, Testing, and Molecular Pathway Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032686. [PMID: 36769005 PMCID: PMC9916672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central metabolic organ of the body. The plethora of anabolic and catabolic pathways in the liver is tightly regulated by physiological signaling but may become imbalanced as a consequence of malnutrition or exposure to certain chemicals, so-called metabolic endocrine disrupters, or metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs). Among different metabolism-related diseases, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitute a growing health problem, which has been associated with a western lifestyle combining excessive caloric intake and reduced physical activity. In the past years, awareness of chemical exposure as an underlying cause of metabolic endocrine effects has continuously increased. Within this review, we have collected and summarized evidence that certain environmental MDCs are capable of contributing to metabolic diseases such as liver steatosis and cholestasis by different molecular mechanisms, thereby contributing to the metabolic syndrome. Despite the high relevance of metabolism-related diseases, standardized mechanistic assays for the identification and characterization of MDCs are missing. Therefore, the current state of candidate test systems to identify MDCs is presented, and their possible implementation into a testing strategy for MDCs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Fritsche
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Ziková-Kloas
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-18412-25100
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8
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Riegl SD, Starnes C, Jima DD, Baptissart M, Diehl AM, Belcher SM, Cowley M. The imprinted gene Zac1 regulates steatosis in developmental cadmium-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:34-46. [PMID: 36200916 PMCID: PMC9887675 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure in adulthood is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The prevalence of NAFLD in children is increasing, suggesting a role for the developmental environment in programming susceptibility. However, the role of developmental Cd exposure in programming NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have proposed that imprinted genes are strong candidates for connecting the early life environment and later life disease. In support of this, we previously identified roles for the Imprinted Gene Network (IGN) and its regulator Zac1 in programming NAFLD in response to maternal metabolic dysfunction. Here, we test the hypothesis that developmental Cd exposure is sufficient to program NAFLD, and further, that this process is mediated by Zac1 and the IGN. Using mice, we show that developmental cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure leads to histological, biochemical, and molecular signatures of steatosis and fibrosis in juveniles. Transcriptomic analyses comparing livers of CdCl2-exposed and control mice show upregulation of Zac1 and the IGN coincident with disease presentation. Increased hepatic Zac1 expression is independent of promoter methylation and imprinting statuses. Finally, we show that over-expression of Zac1 in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce lipid accumulation in a Pparγ-dependent manner and demonstrate direct binding of Zac1 to the Pparγ promoter. Our findings demonstrate that developmental Cd exposure is sufficient to program NAFLD in later life, and with our previous work, establish Zac1 and the IGN as key regulators of prosteatotic and profibrotic pathways, two of the major pathological hallmarks of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra D Riegl
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Cassie Starnes
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Dereje D Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Marine Baptissart
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Michael Cowley
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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9
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Gu J, Kong A, Guo C, Liu J, Li K, Ren Z, Zhou Y, Tang M, Shi H. Cadmium perturbed lipid profile and induced liver dysfunction in mice through phosphatidylcholine remodeling and promoting arachidonic acid synthesis and metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114254. [PMID: 36334344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium ion (Cd2+) exposure has been reported to associate with the prevalence of dyslipidemia, and contribute to the initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, Cd2+ exposure perturbed specific metabolic pathways and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, through lipidomics analyses of differential metabolites in serum between the Cd2+-exposed mice and the control group, 179 differential metabolites were identified, among which phosphatidylcholines (PCs) accounted for 49 % metabolites. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment assay indicates that PCs participate in the metabolic pathways, including the Arachidonic Acid (AA) metabolism, which also could be potential NAFLD biomarkers. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro results suggested that Cd2+ exposure induced PC synthesis and remodeling, and increased AA level by promoting fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) to catalyze synthesis process instead of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) mediated release pathway. Inhibition of FADS1 by T3364366 could reverse Cd-induced AA, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and triglyceride (TAG) levels, and it also reduce cisplatin resistance in HepG2 cells. This study provides new evidence of Cd2+-induced dyslipidemia and reveals underlying molecular mechanism involved in liver dysfunction of Cd2+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Anqi Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Chuanzhi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Kongdong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Zhen Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
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10
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Progress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: SIRT Family Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081079. [PMID: 36008973 PMCID: PMC9405760 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. As a group of NAD+-dependent III deacetylases, the sirtuin (SIRT1-7) family plays a very important role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and participates in the progress of NAFLD. SIRT family members are distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria; regulate hepatic fatty acid oxidation metabolism through different metabolic pathways and mechanisms; and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism. SIRT1 may improve NAFLD by regulating ROS, PGC-1α, SREBP-1c, FoxO1/3, STAT3, and AMPK to restore mitochondrial function and reduce steatosis of the liver. Other SIRT family members also play a role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidative metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Therefore, this paper comprehensively introduces the role of SIRT family in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver in NAFLD, aiming to further explain the importance of SIRT family in regulating mitochondrial function in the occurrence and development of NAFLD, and to provide ideas for the research and development of targeted drugs. Relatively speaking, the role of some SIRT family members in NAFLD is still insufficiently clear, and further research is needed.
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