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Liu C, Gao S, Han X, Tian Y, Ma J, Wang W, Chen XW, Chen ML, Zhang Y. A violet light-emitting diode-based gas-phase molecular absorption device for measurement of nitrate and nitrite in environmental water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124423. [PMID: 38759395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive device for the detection of nitrite and nitrate in environmental waters was developed based on visible light gas-phase molecular absorption spectrometry. By integrating a detection cell (DC), semiconductor refrigeration temperature-controlling system (SRTCY), and nitrite reactor into a sequential injection analysis system, trace levels of nitrite and nitrate in complex matrices were successfully measured. A low energy-consuming light-emitting diode (violet, 400-405 nm) was coupled with a visible light-to-voltage converter (TSL257) to measure the gas-phase molecular absorption. To reduce the interference of water vapor, an SRTCY was used to condense the water vapor on-line before the gas-phase analyte entered the DC. The DC was radiatively heated by the SRTCY to avoid water vapor condensation in the light path. As a result, the obtained baseline noise reduced 3.75 times than that of without SRTCY. Under the optimized conditions, the device achieved limits of detection (3σ/k) of 0.055 and 0.36 mmol/L (0.77 and 5.04 mg N/L) for nitrite and nitrate, respectively, and the linear calibration ranges were 0.1-15 mmol/L (R2 = 0.9946) and 1-10 mmol/L (R2 = 0.9995), respectively. Precisions of 5.2 % and 9.0 % were achieved for ten successive determinations of 0.3 mmol/L nitrite and 1.0 mmol/L nitrate, and the analytical times for nitrite and nitrate determination were 5 and 13 min, respectively. This method was validated against standard methods and recovery tests, and it was applied to the measurement of nitrite and nitrate in environmental waters. Moreover, a device was designed to enable the field measurement of nitrite and nitrate in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Liu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Han
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong Tian
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xu-Wei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Intelligent Policing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Oliveira EM, Ferreira EC, Gomes Neto JA, Donati GL, Jones BT. Raman spectroscopy coupled to high-resolution continuum source flame molecular absorption spectrometry for sequential determination of nitrogen species in fertilizers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 283:121737. [PMID: 35964351 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) was used to identify and quantify different nitrogen species in fertilizers. This is a fast and inexpensive method that requires no extensive sample preparation. Urea and nitrate were determined at 1000 and 1045 cm-1, respectively. Calibration plots obtained for these analytes showed adequate linearity, with regression coefficients (r) of 0.9989 and 0.9976, respectively. Ammonium was determined by difference after total N determination by high-resolution continuum source flame molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FMAS), which provided a calibration plot with r = 0.9960. The inline coupling of RS and HR-CS FMAS allowed for a fast sequential determination of ammonium, nitrate, and urea, with limits of detection of 0.03 mg/L ammonium, 0.03 mg/L nitrate, and 0.01 mg/L urea. Relative standard deviations were ≤ 11 %, and the external standard calibration method provided accurate results for all analytes determined in certified reference materials, raw materials, and commercial samples of fertilizers. For comparison purposes, all samples were also analyzed by traditional Kjeldahl method. The RS HR-CS FMAS method was further validated by addition and recovery experiments, which provided recoveries in the 93 - 113 % range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evilim M Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara City 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Edilene C Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara City 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - José A Gomes Neto
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara City 14800-060, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - George L Donati
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Bradley T Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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Moreira AJ, Freschi CD, Pereira EC, Freschi GPG. N-compounds speciation analysis in environmental samples using ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction and non-chromatographic techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:297. [PMID: 33893885 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A fast, efficient, and non-chromatographic method was presented in this study for nitrite, nitrate, and p-nitrophenol (N-compounds) extraction and speciation analysis of environmental samples. By applying ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction (USLE), analytes were efficiently extracted from water, soil, or sediment collected in areas of environmental disaster. These analytes were selectively converted to NO(g) through UV photolysis (NO3-), H2O2/UV photocatalysis (PNP), and direct conversion (NO2-). Following conversion, NO(g) was separated from the liquid phase and determined by high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS MAS). The LODs obtained were 0.097 ± 0.004 mg L-1 for nitrite, 0.119 ± 0.004 mg L-1 for nitrate, and 0.090 ± 0.006 mg L-1 for p-nitrophenol. On applying this speciation method to environmental samples, concentrations were found to be up to 0.99 ± 0.03 mg L-1 (NO2-), 49.80 ± 2.5 mg L-1 (NO3-), and 0.10 ± 0.02 mg L-1 (PNP). Finally, addition/recovery study of real water, soil, and sediment samples showed 101 ± 2% recovery for NO2-, 100 ± 1% for NO3-, and 96 ± 5% for PNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailton José Moreira
- LAFFEQ, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37715-400, Brazil.
- Chemistry Dept, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar-SP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Dakuzaku Freschi
- LAFFEQ, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37715-400, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Chaves Pereira
- Chemistry Dept, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar-SP, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Gian Paulo Giovanni Freschi
- LAFFEQ, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37715-400, Brazil
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Kamel RM, Shahat A, Hegazy WH, Khodier EM, Awual MR. Efficient toxic nitrite monitoring and removal from aqueous media with ligand based conjugate materials. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gouvêa LFC, Moreira AJ, Freschi CD, Freschi GPG. Speciation of nitrite, nitrate and p-nitrophenol by photochemical vapor generation of NO using High-Resolution Continuum Source Molecular Absorption Spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Determination of free and total sulfur(IV) compounds in coconut water using high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry in gas phase. Talanta 2018; 179:810-815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ma Y, Wang Y, Xie D, Gu Y, Zhang H, Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Wong PK. NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet Arrays Supported on Carbon Cloth for Highly Sensitive Detection of Nitrite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6541-6551. [PMID: 29381321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive uptake of nitrite has been proven to be detrimental to the ecological system and human health. Hence, there is a rising requirement for constructing effective electrochemical sensors to precisely monitor the level of nitrite. In this work, NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays (NiFe-LDH NSAs) have been successfully fabricated on a carbon cloth (CC) substrate via a facile one-pot hydrothermal route. By integrating the collective merits of macroporous CC and NiFe-LDH NSAs such as superior electrical conductivity, striking synergistic effect between the dual active components, enlarged electrochemically active surface area, unique three-dimensional hierarchical porous network characteristics, and fast charge transport and ion diffusion, the proposed NiFe-LDH NSAs/CC architecture can be served as a self-supporting sensor toward nitrite detection. As a consequence, the resulting NiFe-LDH NSAs/CC electrode demonstrates superior nitrite sensing characteristics, accompanied by broad linear range (5-1000 μM), quick response rate (ca. 3 s), ultralow detection limit (0.02 μM), and high sensitivity (803.6 μA·mM-1·cm-2). Meanwhile, the electrochemical sensor possesses timeless stability, good reproducibility, and strong anti-interference feature. Importantly, the resulting sensor can determine nitrite level in tap and lake water with high recoveries, suggesting its feasibility for practical applications. These findings show that the obtained NiFe-LDH NSAs/CC electrode holds great prospect in highly sensitive and specific detection of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yongchuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Donghua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guozhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus, Nathan, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Po Keung Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
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Zheng H, Guan X, Mao X, Zhu Z, Yang C, Qiu H, Hu S. Determination of nitrite in water samples using atmospheric pressure glow discharge microplasma emission and chemical vapor generation of NO species. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1001:100-105. [PMID: 29291791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuedi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haiou Qiu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shenghong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Xue Z, Fu X, Rao H, Zhou X, Liu X, Lu X. A new electron transfer mediator actuated non-enzymatic nitrite sensor based on the voltammetry synthetic composites of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol nanostructures coated electrochemical reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A nanocomposite consisting of flower-like cobalt nanostructures, graphene oxide and polypyrrole for amperometric sensing of nitrite. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Hui N, Chai F, Lin P, Song Z, Sun X, Li Y, Niu S, Luo X. Electrodeposited Conducting Polyaniline Nanowire Arrays Aligned on Carbon Nanotubes Network for High Performance Supercapacitors and Sensors. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ramachandran K, Kalpana D, Sathishkumar Y, Lee YS, Ravichandran K, kumar GG. A facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Piper betle biomass and its catalytic activity toward sensitive and selective nitrite detection. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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A novel nitrite sensor fabricated through anchoring nickel-tetrahydroxy-phthalocyanine and polyethylene oxide film onto glassy carbon electrode by a two-step covalent modification approach. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Brandao GC, Matos GD, Pereira RN, Ferreira SL. Development of a simple method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in groundwater by high-resolution continuum source electrothermal molecular absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 806:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Resano M, Flórez MR, García-Ruiz E. Progress in the determination of metalloids and non-metals by means of high-resolution continuum source atomic or molecular absorption spectrometry. A critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2239-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Molecular absorption spectrometry in flames and furnaces: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li P, Ding Y, Wang A, Zhou L, Wei S, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Chen Y, Cai C, Lu T. Self-assembly of tetrakis (3-trifluoromethylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato cobalt(II) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their amperometric sensing application for nitrite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2255-2260. [PMID: 23452401 DOI: 10.1021/am400152k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the soluble cobalt phthalocyanine functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are synthesized by π-π stacking interaction between tetrakis (3-trifluoromethylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato cobalt(II) (CoPcF) complex and MWCNTs. The physical properties of CoPcF-MWCNTs hybrids are evaluated using spectroscopy (UV-vis, XPS, and Raman) and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Subsequently, an amperometric nitrite electrochemical sensor is designed by immobilizing CoPcF-MWCNTs hybrids on the glassy carbon electrode. The immobilized CoPcF complex shows the fast electron transfer rate and excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nitrite. Under optimum experimental conditions, the proposed nitrite electrochemical sensor shows the fast response (less than 2 s), wide linear range (9.6 × 10(-8) to 3.4 × 10(-4) M) and low detection limit (6.2 × 10(-8) M) because of the good mass transport, fast electron transfer rate, and excellent electrocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Batteries, Laboratory of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1# Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Frentiu T, Ponta M, Hategan R. Validation of an analytical method based on the high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the fast-sequential determination of several hazardous/priority hazardous metals in soil. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:43. [PMID: 23452327 PMCID: PMC3771560 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper was the validation of a new analytical method based on the high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the fast-sequential determination of several hazardous/priority hazardous metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil after microwave assisted digestion in aqua regia. Determinations were performed on the ContrAA 300 (Analytik Jena) air-acetylene flame spectrometer equipped with xenon short-arc lamp as a continuum radiation source for all elements, double monochromator consisting of a prism pre-monocromator and an echelle grating monochromator, and charge coupled device as detector. For validation a method-performance study was conducted involving the establishment of the analytical performance of the new method (limits of detection and quantification, precision and accuracy). Moreover, the Bland and Altman statistical method was used in analyzing the agreement between the proposed assay and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry as standardized method for the multielemental determination in soil. RESULTS The limits of detection in soil sample (3σ criterion) in the high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry method were (mg/kg): 0.18 (Ag), 0.14 (Cd), 0.36 (Co), 0.25 (Cr), 0.09 (Cu), 1.0 (Ni), 1.4 (Pb) and 0.18 (Zn), close to those in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry: 0.12 (Ag), 0.05 (Cd), 0.15 (Co), 1.4 (Cr), 0.15 (Cu), 2.5 (Ni), 2.5 (Pb) and 0.04 (Zn). Accuracy was checked by analyzing 4 certified reference materials and a good agreement for 95% confidence interval was found in both methods, with recoveries in the range of 94-106% in atomic absorption and 97-103% in optical emission. Repeatability found by analyzing real soil samples was in the range 1.6-5.2% in atomic absorption, similar with that of 1.9-6.1% in optical emission spectrometry. The Bland and Altman method showed no statistical significant difference between the two spectrometric methods for 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSIONS High-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry can be successfully used for the rapid, multielemental determination of hazardous/priority hazardous metals in soil with similar analytical performances to those in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Frentiu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michaela Ponta
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Hategan
- Regional Environmental Protection Agency, 99 Dorobantilor, 400609 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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