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Galán-Madruga D, Ubeda RM, Terroba JM, Dos Santos SG, García-Cambero JP. Influence of the products of biomass combustion processes on air quality and cancer risk assessment in rural environmental (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2595-2613. [PMID: 34351545 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with atmospheric particles represent a significant risk to human health. This issue is even more relevant in environments where biomass combustion processes are considered as the major potential emission sources, such as the rural ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the levels of PM10-bound PAHs in several rural locations, their distribution along a year and how weather variables could influence them. Also, we focused on the emission sources and the comparison of the PAH mixtures to assess similitude among the sampling points. PM10-bound PAHs levels were monitored at three rural locations (north, center, and south) of Spain between April 2017 and February 2018. The study revealed that there were substantial differences regarding the levels of ΣPAHs, being higher in the central zone (IS; 65.4 mg/m3), then in the south (VA; 35.8 ng/m3) and finally in the north (NA; 20.9 ng/m3). IS and VA showed a similar distribution of emission sources, and temperature and wind speed seemed to influence negatively over the levels of PAHs likely. At both locations, PAH levels ran parallel throughout the year, with maximum levels during cold seasons and a greater presence of high molecular weight PAHs; however, the levels of PAHs and the most representative PAHs differed. On the other hand, NA was characterized for having another distribution of emission sources, which determined other representative PAHs, higher levels during spring, and a similar presence of high/medium/low molecular weight. Finally, the levels of ambient air PAHs represented an acceptable risk to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Galán-Madruga
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health. Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Regina M Ubeda
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health. Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - June M Terroba
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health. Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saúl G Dos Santos
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health. Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda a Pozuelo km 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús P García-Cambero
- Department of Environment Toxicology, National Center for Environment Health. Health Institute Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Song N, Tian Y, Luo Z, Dai J, Liu Y, Duan Y. Advances in pretreatment and analysis methods of aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6099-6113. [PMID: 35424557 PMCID: PMC8981609 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene compounds that are prevalent in the soil as organic pollutants mainly include BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers) and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). These pose a severe threat to many aspects of human health. Therefore, the accurate measurement of BTEX and PAHs concentrations in the soil is of great importance. The samples for analysis of BTEX and PAHs need to be suitable for the various detection methods after pretreatment, which include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid-phase microextraction, supercritical extraction, and needle trap. The detection techniques mainly consist of gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS), and online sensors, and provide comprehensive information on contaminants in the soil. Their performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and recovery. Recently, there has been rapid progress in the pretreatment and analysis methods for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of BTEX and PAHs. Therefore, it is necessary to produce a timely and in-depth review of the emerging pretreatment and analysis methods, which is unfortunately absent from the recent literature. In this work, state-of-art extraction techniques and analytical methods have been summarized for the determination of BTEX and PAHs in soil, with a particular focus on the potential and limitations of the respective methods for different aromatic hydrocarbons. Accordingly, the paper will describe the basic methodological knowledge, as well as the recent advancement of pretreatment and analysis methods for samples containing BTEX and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Jianxiong Dai
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 P. R.China
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3
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Galmiche M, Delhomme O, François YN, Millet M. Environmental analysis of polar and non-polar Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in airborne particulate matter, settled dust and soot: Part II: Instrumental analysis and occurrence. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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4
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Galán-Madruga D, Terroba JM, Dos Santos SG, Úbeda RM, García-Cambero JP. Indoor and Outdoor PM 10-Bound PAHs in an Urban Environment. Similarity of Mixtures and Source Attribution. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:951-957. [PMID: 33201256 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given that the European Union lays down air quality objectives associated with outdoor environments, indoor air mixtures' study acquires a remarkable relevance. This work aims to submit a stepwise methodological framework for assessing similarities between indoor and outdoor air mixtures and apportioning potential emission sources. For reaching this goal, PM10 particles were systematically and simultaneously collected at an indoor (dominant emission sources free) and outdoor environment during a year to determine the PAH content in both air mixtures. Broadly, outdoor PAHs levels were higher than at the indoor location, supporting a strong association between both mixtures (r = 0.968, p > 0.001), mainly during the cold period (r = 0.896, p > 0.001). The light molecular weight PAHs were highlighted at the indoor site, in particular to naphthalene and anthracene. Outdoor emission sources influenced the indoor PAH levels, especially high and medium molecular weight PAHs. The local-traffic load was identified as a dominant pollution source responsible for more than half PAHs determined at both environments. Therefore, the control of outdoor emission sources would be translated into an improvement of indoor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Galán-Madruga
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| | - June Mérida Terroba
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saúl García Dos Santos
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Muñoz Úbeda
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús P García-Cambero
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Center for Environment Health, Health Institute Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
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Dos Santos RR, Cardeal ZDL, Menezes HC. Phase distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives in the ambient air of a Brazilian urban area ☆. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126223. [PMID: 32113098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air quality in large cities has worsened in recent years as a consequence people's health is directly affected. Among the toxic compounds released to environmental air are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated PAHs (nitro-PAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs). Performant methods to analyze these compounds is necessary to enable adequate monitoring of air quality. Thus, this manuscript presents the development of a highly sensitive method to analyze PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and oxy-PAHs collected from ambient air (PM2.5) and the gas phase for a period of one year in the urban area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. PAHs and their derivatives were extracted by cold fiber solid phase microextraction (CF-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The proposed method allows simultaneous analysis of 16 PAHs, nitro-PAHs and oxy-PAHs, presenting very good limits of detection and quantification, as well as appropriate precision and recovery. The results obtained for the period of one year allowed different studies. The compounds collected simultaneously from gas and particulate phase showed that total concentration of 16 PAHs were higher in the gas phase than in the particulate. On the other hand, nitro-PAHs and oxy-PAHs presented similar concentration in gas and particulate phases. The potential carcinogenicity of PAHs relative to benzo[a]pyrene showed benzo[a]pyrene equivalents of 0.49 ng m-3. The estimated risk of lifetime lung cancer was 5 × 10-5. Principal component analysis and diagnostic ratio was applied for source distribution indicating that burning of gasoline, diesel and biomass accounted for the PAHs profile in ambient air samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimeire Resende Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Zenilda de Lourdes Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Helvécio Costa Menezes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil.
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Guerrero-Castilla A, Olivero-Verbel J, Sandoval IT, Jones DA. Toxic effects of a methanolic coal dust extract on fish early life stage. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:100-108. [PMID: 30986591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coal dust is a contaminant that impacts the terrestrial and aquatic environment with a complex mixture of chemicals, including PAHs and metals. This study aims to evaluate the toxic effect of a methanolic coal dust extract on a fish early life stage by analyzing phenotypic alterations, transcriptome changes, and mortality in zebrafish (ZF) embryos. ZF embryos were exposed to methanolic coal dust extract at 1-5000 mg·L-1 and monitored using bright field microscopy 24 and 48 hpf to determine malformations and mortality. In situ hybridization, RNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR were employed to identify transcriptome changes in malformed embryos. Three malformed phenotypes were generated in a dose-dependent manner. In situ hybridization analysis revealed brain, somite, dorsal cord, and heart tube development biomarker alterations. Gene expression profile analysis identified changes in genes related to structural constituent of muscle, calcium ion binding, actin binding, melanin metabolic process, muscle contraction, sarcomere organization, cardiac myofibril assembly, oxidation-reduction process, pore complex, supramolecular fiber, striated muscle thin filament, Z disc, and intermediate filament. This study shows, for the first time, the malformations generated by a mixture of pollutants from a methanolic coal dust extract on a fish early life stage, constituting a potential risk for normal embryonic development of other aquatic vertebrate organisms. Furthermore, we establish that phenotypes and changes in gene expression induced by the extract constitute a target for future studies about mechanical toxicity and their utility as sensitive tools in environmental risk assessments for biota and humans exposed to coal mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Guerrero-Castilla
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, 1100000, Chile; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Jesús Olivero-Verbel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Imelda T Sandoval
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David A Jones
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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7
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Artíñano B, Gómez-Moreno FJ, Díaz E, Amato F, Pandolfi M, Alonso-Blanco E, Coz E, García-Alonso S, Becerril-Valle M, Querol X, Alastuey A, van Drooge BL. Outdoor and indoor particle characterization from a large and uncontrolled combustion of a tire landfill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:543-551. [PMID: 28360004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A large and uncontrolled fire of a tire landfill started in Seseña (Toledo, Spain) on May 13, 2016. An experimental deployment was immediately launched in the area for measuring regulated and non-standard air quality parameters to assess the potential impact of the plume at local and regional levels. Outdoor and indoor measurements of different parameters were carried out at a near school, approximately 700m downwind the burning tires. Real time measurements of ambient black carbon (BC) and total number particle concentrations were identified as good tracers of the smoke plume. Simultaneous peaks allowed us to characterize situations of the plume impact on the site. Outdoor total particle number concentrations reached in these occasions 3.8×105particlescm-3 (on a 10min resolution) whereas the indoor concentration was one order of magnitude lower. BC mass concentrations in ambient air were in the range of 2 to 7μgm-3, whereas concentrations<2μgm-3 were measured indoor. Indoor and outdoor deposited inhalable dust was sampled and chemically characterized. Both indoor and outdoor dust was enriched in tire components (Zn, sulfate) and PAHs associated to the tire combustion process. Infiltration processes have been documented for BC and particle number concentrations causing increases in indoor concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Artíñano
- CIEMAT, Environment Department, Associated Unit to CSIC on Atmospheric Pollution, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain.
| | - F J Gómez-Moreno
- CIEMAT, Environment Department, Associated Unit to CSIC on Atmospheric Pollution, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Díaz
- CIEMAT, Environment Department, Associated Unit to CSIC on Atmospheric Pollution, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Alonso-Blanco
- CIEMAT, Environment Department, Associated Unit to CSIC on Atmospheric Pollution, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Coz
- CIEMAT, Environment Department, Associated Unit to CSIC on Atmospheric Pollution, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | - S García-Alonso
- CIEMAT, Technology Department, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Becerril-Valle
- CIEMAT, Environment Department, Associated Unit to CSIC on Atmospheric Pollution, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid, Spain
| | - X Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B L van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Determination of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Particulate Matter Samples with Low Mass Loading: An Approach to Test Method Accuracy. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/3517457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A miniaturized analytical procedure to determine selected polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in low mass loadings (<10 mg) of particulate matter (PM) is evaluated. The proposed method is based on a simple sonication/agitation method using small amounts of solvent for extraction. The use of a reduced sample size of particulate matter is often limiting for allowing the quantification of analytes. This also leads to the need for changing analytical procedures and evaluating its performance. The trueness and precision of the proposed method were tested using ambient air samples. Analytical results from the proposed method were compared with those of pressurized liquid and microwave extractions. Selected PACs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs)) were determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FD). Taking results from pressurized liquid extractions as reference values, recovery rates of sonication/agitation method were over 80% for the most abundant PAHs. Recovery rates of selected NPAHs were lower. Enhanced rates were obtained when methanol was used as a modifier. Intermediate precision was estimated by data comparison from two mathematical approaches: normalized difference data and pooled relative deviations. Intermediate precision was in the range of 10–20%. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated in PM aerosol samples collected with very low mass loadings (<0.2 mg) during characterization studies from turbofan engine exhausts.
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9
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Uncertainty evaluation for the quantification of low masses of benzo[a]pyrene: Comparison between the Law of Propagation of Uncertainty and the Monte Carlo method. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 920:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Feriduni B. Simultaneous synthesis of a deep eutectic solvent and its application in liquid–liquid microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous samples. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New generation of solvents, named deep eutectic solvents, were simultaneously synthesized and used as an extraction solvent in a liquid–liquid microextraction method for the extraction and preconcentration of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | | | - Behruz Feriduni
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
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Tang Y, Imasaka T, Yamamoto S, Imasaka T. Multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Talanta 2015; 140:109-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Guerrero-Castilla A, Olivero-Verbel J. Altered gene expression in HepG2 cells exposed to a methanolic coal dust extract. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:742-750. [PMID: 25305735 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to coal dust has been associated with different chronic diseases and mortality risk. This airborne pollutant is produced during coal mining and transport activities, generating environmental and human toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a coal dust methanolic extract on HepG2, a human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Cells were exposed to 5-100ppm methanolic coal extract for 12h, using DMSO as control. MTT and comet assays were used for the evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, respectively. Real time PCR was utilized to quantify relative expression of genes related to oxidative stress, xenobiotic metabolism and DNA damage. Coal extract concentrations did not induce significant changes in HepG2 cell viability after 12h exposure; however, 50 and 100ppm of the coal extract produced a significant increase in genetic damage index with respect to negative control. Compared to vehicle control, mRNA CYP1A1 (up to 163-fold), NQO1 (up to 4.7-fold), and GADD45B (up to 4.7-fold) were up regulated, whereas PRDX1, SOD, CAT, GPX1, XPA, ERCC1 and APEX1 remained unaltered. This expression profile suggests that cells exposed to coal dust extract shows aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated alterations, changes in cellular oxidative status, and genotoxic effects. These findings share some similarities with those observed in liver of mice captured near coal mining areas, and add evidence that living around these industrial operations may be negatively impacting the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Guerrero-Castilla
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
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Barrado AI, García S, Sevillano ML, Rodríguez JA, Barrado E. Vapor-phase concentrations of PAHs and their derivatives determined in a large city: correlations with their atmospheric aerosol concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1678-84. [PMID: 23816454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen PAHs, five nitro-PAHs and two hydroxy-PAHs were determined in 55 vapor-phase samples collected in a suburban area of a large city (Madrid, Spain), from January 2008 to February 2009. The data obtained revealed correlations between the concentrations of these compounds and a series of meteorological factors (e.g., temperature, atmospheric pressure) and physical-chemical factors (e.g., nitrogen and sulfur oxides). As a consequence, seasonal trends were observed in the atmospheric pollutants. A "mean sample" for the 14-month period would contain a total PAH concentration of 13835±1625 pg m(-3) and 122±17 pg m(-3) of nitro-PAHs. When the data were stratified by season, it emerged that a representative sample of the coldest months would contain 18900±2140 pg m(-3) of PAHs and 150±97 pg m(-3) of nitro-PAHs, while in an average sample collected in the warmest months, these values drop to 9293±1178 pg m(-3) for the PAHs and to 97±13 pg m(-3) for the nitro-PAHs. Total vapor phase concentrations of PAHs were one order of magnitude higher than concentrations detected in atmospheric aerosol samples collected on the same dates. Total nitro-PAH concentrations were comparable to their aerosol concentrations whereas vapor phase OH-PAHs were below their limits of the detection, indicating these were trapped in airborne particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Barrado
- CIEMAT/Department of Chemistry, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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A novel coating based on carbon nanotubes/poly-ortho-phenylenediamine composite for headspace solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Talanta 2013; 108:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Pongpiachan S, Choochuay C, Hattayanone M, Kositanont C. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Particulate Carcinogens and Mutagens in Bangkok, Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:1879-87. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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