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Loh GOK, Wong EYL, Goh CZ, Tan YTF, Lee YL, Pang LH, Shahridzo SH, Damenthi N, Hermansyah A, Long CM, Peh KK. Simultaneous determination of tramadol and paracetamol in human plasma using LC-MS/MS and application in bioequivalence study of -fixed-dose combination. Ann Med 2023; 55:2270502. [PMID: 37857359 PMCID: PMC10588528 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2270502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a sensitive and high-throughput liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify concentrations of tramadol and paracetamol simultaneously in human plasma. Sample preparation involved single-step protein precipitation using methanol and two deuterated internal standards, tramadol D6 and paracetamol D4. Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.1 µm) analytical column was employed to achieve chromatographic separation. Detection was in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. A tailing factor (Tf) of <1.2, separation factor (K prime) of >1.5 from the column dead time and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio >10, were obtained for analytes and internal standards. The standard curve was linear over the concentration range of 2.5-500.00 ng/mL for tramadol and 0.025-20.00 μg/mL for paracetamol. A small injection volume of 1 µL, low flow rate of 440 µL/min and short analysis time of 3.5 min reduced the solvent consumption, analysis cost and system contamination. The results of method validation parameters fulfilled the acceptance criteria of bioanalytical guidelines. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of fixed-dose combination products of tramadol and paracetamol in Malaysian healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Onn Kit Loh
- Bioxis Sdn. Bhd., Taman Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, Simpang Ampat, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Emily Yii Ling Wong
- Bioxis Sdn. Bhd., Taman Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, Simpang Ampat, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chen Zhu Goh
- Bioxis Sdn. Bhd., Taman Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, Simpang Ampat, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Tze Fung Tan
- Bioxis Sdn. Bhd., Taman Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, Simpang Ampat, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yi Lin Lee
- Centre for Clinical Trial, Institute for Clinical Research, Ampang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jalan Mewah Utara, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lai Hui Pang
- Centre for Clinical Trial, Institute for Clinical Research, Ampang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jalan Mewah Utara, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Halimah Shahridzo
- Centre for Clinical Trial, Institute for Clinical Research, Ampang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jalan Mewah Utara, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nair Damenthi
- Centre for Clinical Trial, Institute for Clinical Research, Ampang Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jalan Mewah Utara, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chiau Ming Long
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Kok Khiang Peh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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2
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Ehirim T, Ozoemena OC, Mwonga PV, Haruna AB, Mofokeng TP, De Wael K, Ozoemena KI. Onion-like Carbons Provide a Favorable Electrocatalytic Platform for the Sensitive Detection of Tramadol Drug. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47892-47905. [PMID: 36591171 PMCID: PMC9798499 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the first study on the possible application of nanodiamond-derived onion-like carbons (OLCs), in comparison with conductive carbon black (CB), as an electrode platform for the electrocatalytic detection of tramadol (an important drug of abuse). The physicochemical properties of OLCs and CB were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The OLC exhibits, among others, higher surface area, more surface defects, and higher thermal stability than CB. From the electrochemical analysis (interrogated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), it is shown that an OLC-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE-OLC) allows faster electron transport and electrocatalysis toward tramadol compared to a GCE-CB. To establish the underlying science behind the high performance of the OLC, theoretical calculations (density functional theory (DFT) simulations) were conducted. DFT predicts that OLC allows for weaker surface binding of tramadol (E ad = -26.656 eV) and faster kinetic energy (K.E. = -155.815 Ha) than CB (E ad = -40.174 eV and -305.322 Ha). The GCE-OLC shows a linear calibration curve for tramadol over the range of ∼55 to 392 μM, with high sensitivity (0.0315 μA/μM) and low limit of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) (3.8 and 12.7 μM, respectively). The OLC-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE-OLC) was successfully applied for the sensitive detection of tramadol in real pharmaceutical formulations and human serum. The OLC-based electrochemical sensor promises to be useful for the sensitive and accurate detection of tramadol in clinics, quality control, and routine quantification of tramadol drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobechukwu
J. Ehirim
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Okoroike C. Ozoemena
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Patrick V. Mwonga
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Aderemi B. Haruna
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Thapelo P. Mofokeng
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense
Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenneth I. Ozoemena
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg2050, South Africa
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3
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Rezaei M, Rajabi HR, Rafiee Z. Selective and rapid extraction of piroxicam from water and plasma samples using magnetic imprinted polymeric nanosorbent: Synthesis, characterization and application. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Pirdadeh-Beiranvand M, Afkhami A, Madrakian T. Magnetic molecularly imprinted electrospun nanofibers for selective extraction of nilotinib from human serum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1629-1637. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Refaat D, Aggour MG, Farghali AA, Mahajan R, Wiklander JG, Nicholls IA, Piletsky SA. Strategies for Molecular Imprinting and the Evolution of MIP Nanoparticles as Plastic Antibodies-Synthesis and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6304. [PMID: 31847152 PMCID: PMC6940816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials that can mimic the molecular recognition-based functions found in biology are a significant goal for science and technology. Molecular imprinting is a technology that addresses this challenge by providing polymeric materials with antibody-like recognition characteristics. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in solving many of the practical problems traditionally associated with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), such as difficulties with imprinting of proteins, poor compatibility with aqueous environments, template leakage, and the presence of heterogeneous populations of binding sites in the polymers that contribute to high levels of non-specific binding. This success is closely related to the technology-driven shift in MIP research from traditional bulk polymer formats into the nanomaterial domain. The aim of this article is to throw light on recent developments in this field and to present a critical discussion of the current state of molecular imprinting and its potential in real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Refaat
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt;
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed G. Aggour
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Farghali
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Rashmi Mahajan
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden; (R.M.); (J.G.W.)
| | - Jesper G. Wiklander
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden; (R.M.); (J.G.W.)
| | - Ian A. Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden; (R.M.); (J.G.W.)
| | - Sergey A. Piletsky
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Synthesis and application of magnetic-surfaced pseudo molecularly imprinted polymers for zearalenone pretreatment in cereal samples. Food Chem 2019; 308:125696. [PMID: 31655482 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a fungal contaminant widely found in grains. In cereal samples, trace zearalenone was extracted and enriched using magnetic-surfaced pseudo molecularly imprinted polymers (SPMIPs) and detected. SPMIPs were prepared with Fe3O4 as the magnetic core, modified halloysites nanotubes as supporting materials, and selective imprinted polymers as shells. Vinyl was modified on the surface of halloysites nanotube. SPMIPs were synthesized with pseudo templates. SPMIPs as the adsorbent of dispersed-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) were used to purify and enrich ZEA from maize samples. After optimized, the pretreatment method was evaluated. The linearity of the method was ranged within 10-200 ng mL-1. LOD and LOQ were 2.5 ng mL-1 and 8 ng mL-1 respectively. The ZEA spiking recoveries in maize samples ranged within 74.95-88.41% were with good RSDs lower than 4.25%. The developed method was successful applied in maize, oat, and wheat sample treatments and compared.
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7
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Pirdadeh-Beiranvand M, Afkhami A, Madrakian T. Ionic liquid-coated magnetic SiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposite for temperature-assisted solid-phase extraction of venlafaxine. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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de Oliveira HL, Pires BC, Teixeira LS, Dinali LAF, Simões NS, Borges WDS, Borges KB. Novel restricted access material combined to molecularly imprinted polymer for selective magnetic solid-phase extraction of estrogens from human urine. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Ezoddin M, Adlnasab L, Afshari Kaveh A, Karimi MA, Mahjoob B. Development of air‐assisted dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction‐based supramolecular solvent‐mediated Fe
3
O
4
@Cu–Fe–LDH for the determination of tramadol in biological samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4572. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ezoddin
- Department of ChemistryPayame Noor University Tehran Iran
| | - Laleh Adlnasab
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer, Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical EngineeringStandard Research Institute Karaj Iran
| | | | | | - Behnaz Mahjoob
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Environment Karaj Iran
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10
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Taghvimi A, Hamidi S, Javadzadeh Y. Mixed hemimicelle magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction using carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles for the determination of tramadol in urine samples. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:582-590. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Taghvimi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Biothechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Samin Hamidi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biothechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. BelBruno
- Dartmouth College, Department of Chemistry, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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12
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Hashemi B, Zohrabi P, Shamsipur M. Recent developments and applications of different sorbents for SPE and SPME from biological samples. Talanta 2018; 187:337-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Synthesis and application of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers in sample preparation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3991-4014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Xiao D, Jiang Y, Bi Y. Molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of illegal drugs and additives: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:247. [PMID: 29619574 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review (with 154 refs.) describes the current status of using molecularly imprinted polymers in the extraction and quantitation of illicit drugs and additives. The review starts with an introduction into some synthesis methods (lump MIPs, spherical MIPs, surface imprinting) of MIPs using illicit drugs and additives as templates. The next section covers applications, with subsections on the detection of illegal additives in food, of doping in sports, and of illicit addictive drugs. A particular focus is directed towards current limitations and challenges, on the optimization of methods for preparation of MIPs, their applicability to aqueous samples, the leakage of template molecules, and the identification of the best balance between adsorption capacity and selectivity factor. At last, the need for convincing characterization methods, the lack of uniform parameters for defining selectivity, and the merits and demerits of MIPs prepared using nanomaterials are addressed. Strategies are suggested to solve existing problems, and future developments are discussed with respect to a more widespread use in relevant fields. Graphical abstract This review gives a comprehensive overview of the advances made in molecularly imprinting of polymers for use in the extraction and quantitation of illicit drugs and additives. Methods for syntheses, highlighted applications, limitations and current challenges are specifically addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanping Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, No. 619, Changcheng Road, Tai'an, 271016, People's Republic of China.
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Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and determination of buprenorphine in human urine samples by HPLC-FL. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Pirdadeh-Beiranvand M, Afkhami A, Madrakian T. Ag nanoparticles for determination of bisphenol A by resonance light-scattering technique. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Ostovan A, Asadollahzadeh H, Ghaedi M. The Use of Ultrasound in pipette-tip solid-phase extraction based on CuS@ZnS@Fe3
O4
-CNTs for pre-concentration of tartrazine in water samples. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ostovan
- Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch; Islamic Azad University; Kerman Iran
| | | | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Department of Chemistry; Yasouj University; Yasouj 75918-74831 Iran
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Safdarian M, Ramezani Z. Sequential synthesis of a magnetic nano-adsorbent: How the first step identifies the final product. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Patra S, Roy E, Parui R, Madhuri R, Sharma PK. RETRACTED: Anisotropic (spherical/hexagon/cube) silver nanoparticle embedded magnetic carbon nanosphere as platform for designing of tramadol imprinted polymer. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 97:208-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Xu F, Liu L. Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine, pethidine, ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with GC-MS. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 4:188-194. [PMID: 31304447 PMCID: PMC6610497 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2017.1377386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was developed for the extraction and analysis of methamphetamine (MA), pethidine (PD), ketamine (KT) and tramadol (TD) from human urine. In this study, different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of disperser solvent, extraction time and pH value and salt effect were studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the enrichment factor ranged from 185 to 226 and the average recovery ranged from 80.45% to 95.55%. The linear range was 10.0–1000.0 µg/L, the limit of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.43–1.96 µg/L and 1.44–6.53 µg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were in the range 1.98%–3.90% (n = 7). The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC–MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of MA, PD, KT and TD in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Xu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Pirdadeh-Beiranvand M, Afkhami A, Madrakian T. Cloud point-magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction for the spectrofluorometric determination of citalopram. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Štirn Ž, Ručigaj A, Krajnc M. Innovative approach using aminomaleimide for unlocking phenolic diversity in high-performance maleimidobenzoxazine resins. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Madikizela LM, Tavengwa NT, Chimuka L. Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics from environmental waters and biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:624-633. [PMID: 28477973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals used as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics in the aquatic environment is a threat to humans and aquatic species at large. The primary route of these pharmaceuticals to aquatic environment is through human waste such as urine and faeces. The application of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of such pollutants from environmental and biological samples is important for the pre-concentration of compounds and selectivity of the analytical methods. To date, there are still limited commercial suppliers of MIPs. However, it is easy to synthesize such polymers via non-covalent imprinting approach using easily available and affordable reagents. Therefore, the applications of MIPs in the SPE of NSAIDs and analgesics from environmental and biological samples are reviewed. This is very important because despite the fact that review articles on applications of MIPs for organic compounds have been reported, very little has focussed on NSAIDs and analgesics which are the major studied pharmaceuticals in the environment and biological samples. The review also brings out important aspects of common reagents used including the template molecules during MIP synthesis. Application and future trends are also discussed. Gaps such as little use of environmental friendly reagents such as ionic liquids have been identified. Also, the lack of MIP applications to some compounds such as fenoprofen has been observed which is likely to be developed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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25
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Ahmadi M, Elmongy H, Madrakian T, Abdel-Rehim M. Nanomaterials as sorbents for sample preparation in bioanalysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 958:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Kiani A, Ghorbani M. Synthesis of core–shell magnetic ion-imprinted polymer nanospheres for selective solid-phase extraction of Pb2+ from biological, food, and wastewater samples. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1219666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Kiani
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, KAVA Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ghorbani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Sánchez-González J, Barreiro-Grille T, Cabarcos P, Tabernero MJ, Bermejo–Barrera P, Moreda–Piñeiro A. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer based – micro-solid phase extraction of cocaine and metabolites in plasma followed by high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Tolmacheva VV, Apyari VV, Kochuk EV, Dmitrienko SG. Magnetic adsorbents based on iron oxide nanoparticles for the extraction and preconcentration of organic compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Madrakian T, Fazl F, Ahmadi M, Afkhami A. Efficient solid phase extraction of codeine from human urine samples using a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoadsorbent and its spectrofluorometric determination. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From a medical or clinical point of view, to assess toxicity, adverse effects, interactions and therapeutic efficiency, monitoring drug levels in body fluids, such as urine and plasma, has become increasingly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariba Fazl
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
| | | | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
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30
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Bagheri H, Pajooheshpour N, Afkhami A, Khoshsafar H. Fabrication of a novel electrochemical sensing platform based on a core–shell nano-structured/molecularly imprinted polymer for sensitive and selective determination of ephedrine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple methodology was used to develop a novel sensor based on a core–shell/molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the determination of ephedrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - N. Pajooheshpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
| | - A. Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
| | - H. Khoshsafar
- Department of Pharmacy
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences
- Zabol
- Iran
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31
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Wan Ibrahim WA, Nodeh HR, Aboul-Enein HY, Sanagi MM. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on modified ferum oxides for enrichment, preconcentration, and isolation of pesticides and selected pollutants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 45:270-87. [PMID: 25849825 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.938148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a simple, rapid, high-efficiency, selective, and sensitive method for isolation, preconcentration, and enrichment of analytes has been developed. This new method of sample handling is based on ferum oxides as magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and has been used for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of various analytes from various matrices. This review focuses on the applications of modified ferum oxides, especially modified Fe3O4 MNPs, as MSPE adsorbent for pesticide isolation from various matrices. Further perspectives on MSPE based on modified Fe3O4 for inorganic metal ions, organic compounds, and biological species from water samples are also presented. Ferum(III) oxide MNPs (Fe2O3) are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim
- a Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia
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32
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Wackerlig J, Schirhagl R. Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles and Their Advances toward Industrial Use: A Review. Anal Chem 2015; 88:250-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wackerlig
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA2), A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
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33
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Abstract
In this article, the state of the art of microextraction techniques that involve nanoparticles or nanomaterials (NPs) is reviewed, with special emphasis on the applications described in the biomedical field. The uses and advantages of the different types of NPs such as carbon nanotubes (either single- and multi-walled) and other carbon-based materials, metallic NPs, including gold, silver and magnetic NPs, and silica NPs are summarized. The main strategies used to modify the selectivity, extractive capacity and/or the stability of NPs through a chemical reaction are also reviewed. The potential advantages of NPs in different forms of off-line and on-line microextraction are discussed, and illustrative examples of application in the biomedical field are shown.
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34
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Abstract
The term composite refers to a class of synthetic materials made from different constituents which exhibit final properties which are different from those of the individual components. Composites have been extensively used in the sample treatment context as sorbents since the resulting solid presents better extraction efficiency. In this realm, polymeric nanocomposites are raised as a powerful alternative. They can be tailored-synthesized for selectivity enhancement or include a magnetic core to simplify the extraction/elution process. This review article points out the relevance of such nanomaterials in bioanalysis. Several synergic combinations of nanoparticles (magnetic, carbon-based) as well as polymeric coatings (conventional, conductive or molecularly imprinted) are commented on. Finally, the potential of biopolymers in the microextraction field is briefly highlighted.
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35
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Madrakian T, Haghshenas E, Ahmadi M, Afkhami A. Construction a magneto carbon paste electrode using synthesized molecularly imprinted magnetic nanospheres for selective and sensitive determination of mefenamic acid in some real samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:712-718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Trace-chitosan-wrapped multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new sorbent in dispersive micro solid-phase extraction to determine phenolic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1390:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Xie X, Pan X, Han S, Wang S. Development and characterization of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective enrichment of endocrine disrupting chemicals in water and milk samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:1735-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Selective extraction and sensitive determination of mercury (II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration on an ion-imprinted polymer-coated maghemite nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Ahmadi M, Madrakian T, Afkhami A. Enantioselective solid phase extraction prior to spectrofluorometric determination: a procedure for the determination of naproxen enantiomers in the presence of each other. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective solid phase extraction of naproxen drug enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
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40
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New synthetic mercaptoethylamino homopolymer-modified maghemite nanoparticles for effective removal of some heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Ahmadi M, Madrakian T, Afkhami A. Solid phase extraction of doxorubicin using molecularly imprinted polymer coated magnetite nanospheres prior to its spectrofluorometric determination. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective doxorubicin-imprinted polymer coated magnetite nanospheres were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
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42
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Ning F, Peng H, Dong L, Zhang Z, Li J, Chen L, Xiong H. Preparation and characterization of superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective adsorption and separation of vanillin in food samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11138-45. [PMID: 25352428 DOI: 10.1021/jf504144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Novel water-compatible superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (M-MIPs) were prepared by coating superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with MIPs in a methanol-water reaction system. The M-MIPs were used for the selective adsorption and separation of vanillin from aqueous solution. The M-MIPs were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that a core-shell structure of M-MIPs was obtained by coating a layer of silica and MIPs on the surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The obtained M-MIPs possess a loose and porous structure and can be rapidly separated from the solution using a magnet. The adsorption experiments showed that the binding capacity of the M-MIPs was significantly higher than that of the superparamagnetic non-molecularly imprinted polymers (M-NIPs). Meanwhile, the adsorption of M-MIPs reached equilibrium within 100 min, and the apparent maximum adsorption quantity (Qmax) and dissociation constant (Kd) were 64.12 μmol g(-1) and 58.82 μmol L(-1), respectively. The Scatchard analysis showed that homogeneous binding sites were formed on the M-MIP surface. The recoveries of 83.39-95.58% were achieved when M-MIPs were used for the pre-concentration and selective separation of vanillin in spiked food samples. These results provided the possibility for the separation and enrichment of vanillin from complicated food matrices by M-MIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjian Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
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43
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Abbasi L, Faraji M, Bahmaie M. Extracting trace amount of terbinafine hydrochloride in biological fluids and wastewater samples using solid-phase-extraction based on magnetic nanoparticles followed by HPLC-UV analysis. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Faraji
- Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology; Standard Research Institute (SRI); Karaj PO Box 31745-139 Iran
| | - Manoochehr Bahmaie
- Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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44
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Rao W, Cai R, Yin Y, Long F, Zhang Z. Magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted polymers based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for rapid selective solid-phase extraction of 4-nonylphenol in aqueous samples. Talanta 2014; 128:170-6. [PMID: 25059145 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly selective sample clean-up procedure combining magnetic dummy molecular imprinting with solid-phase extraction was developed for rapid separation and determination of 4-nonylphenol (NP) in the environmental water samples. The magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (mag-DMIPs) based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized with a surface molecular imprinting technique using 4-tert-octylphenol as the dummy template and tetraethylorthosilicate as the cross-linker. The maximum adsorption capacity of the mag-DMIPs for NP was 52.4 mg g(-1) and it took about 20 min to achieve the adsorption equilibrium. The mag-DMIPs exhibited the specific selective adsorption toward NP. Coupled with high performance liquid chromatography analysis, the mag-DMIPs were used to extract solid-phase and detect NP in real water samples successfully with the recoveries of 88.6-98.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Rong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Yuli Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Fang Long
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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45
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Lai JP, Chen F, Sun H, Fan L, Liu GL. Molecularly imprinted microspheres for the anticancer drug aminoglutethimide: Synthesis, characterization, and solid-phase extraction applications in human urine samples. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1170-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Lai
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Li Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Gui-Ling Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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46
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You QP, Peng MJ, Zhang YP, Guo JF, Shi SY. Preparation of magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction and analysis of salicylic acid in Actinidia chinensis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:831-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Ebrahimzadeh H, Mollazadeh N, Asgharinezhad AA, Shekari N, Mirbabaei F. Multivariate optimization of surfactant-assisted directly suspended droplet microextraction combined with GC for the preconcentration and determination of tramadol in biological samples. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3783-90. [PMID: 24115535 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel procedure based on surfactant-assisted directly suspended droplet microextraction for the determination of tramadol prior to GC with flame ionization detection is proposed. In this technique, a free microdroplet of solvent is transferred to the surface of an immiscible aqueous sample containing Triton X-100 and tramadol while being agitated by a stirring bar placed on the bottom of the sample vial. After the predetermined time, the microdroplet of solvent is withdrawn by a syringe and analyzed. The effective parameters such as the type of organic solvent, extraction time, microdroplet volume, salt content of the donor phase, stirring speed, the source phase pH, concentration of Triton X-100, and extraction temperature were optimized. For this purpose, a multivariate strategy was applied based on an experimental design in order to screen and optimize the significant factors. This method requires minimal sample preparation, analysis time, solvent consumption, and represents significant advantages over customary analytical methods. The linearity ranged from 10 to 2000 μg/L with RSDs (n = 5) of 7.3-10. Preconcentration factors and the LODs were 391-466 and 2.5-6.5 μg/L, respectively. Finally, this method was applied to the analysis of biological samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
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48
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Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Rahimi M, Ahmadi M, Soleimani M. Preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of oxymetholone in the presence of its main metabolite (mestanolone) using modified maghemite nanoparticles in urine sample. Talanta 2013; 115:468-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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