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Electrochemical Sensors for Determination of Bromate in Water and Food Samples-Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11060172. [PMID: 34072226 PMCID: PMC8230011 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of potassium bromate in the baking industry is used in most parts of the world to avert the human health compromise that characterizes bromates carcinogenic effect. Herein, various methods of its analysis, especially the electrochemical methods of bromate detection, were extensively discussed. Amperometry (AP), cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are the techniques that have been deployed for bromate detection in the last two decades, with 50%, 23%, 7.7%, 7.7%, 7.7% and 3.9% application, respectively. Despite the unique electrocatalytic activity of metal phthalocyanine (MP) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), only few sensors based on MP and CQDs are available compared to the conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal (oxide) and graphene-based sensors. This review emboldens the underutilization of CQDs and metal phthalocyanines as sensing materials and briefly discusses the future perspective on MP and CQDs application in bromate detection via EIS.
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Li L, Lai X, Xu X, Li J, Yuan P, Feng J, Wei L, Cheng X. Determination of bromate via the chemiluminescence generated in the sulfite and carbon quantum dot system. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:136. [PMID: 29594442 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a chemiluminescence (CL)-based assay for the determination of bromate. The method is based on the use of a solution of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and sulfite. Strong CL (peak at 490 nm) is observed when bromate is injected into the solution. The CL increases linearly in the 0.3 to 10 μmol L-1 bromate concentration range, giving a 0.1 μmol L-1 limit of detection (at an S/N ratio of 3). A possible CL mechanism is suggested that involves a redox reaction between the CQDs, bromate and sulfite in the acidic medium. This leads to the formation of hole-injected and electron-injected CQDs. Radiative recombination of oxidant-injected holes and electrons in the CQDs accounts for the occurrence of CL. This mechanism contradicts the previous assumption that the transfer of energy occurs from SO2* to the CQDs. Although nitrite may interfere in the determination of bromate, its effect can be eliminated by adding sulfamic acid. The assay is sensitive and represents a new tool for the determination of bromate, which is a carcinogen. Graphical abstract Under acidic condition, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can react with sulfite and bromate transforming to hole-injected CQDs (CQDs•-) and electron-injected CQDs (CQDs•+), respectively. Thereafter, strong chemiluminescence (490 nm) aroused from the radiative electron-hole annihilation between CQDs•- and CQDs•+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Lai
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangao Feng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China. .,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianglei Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China. .,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Xiang G, Fan H, Zhang H, He L, Jiang X, Zhao W. Carbon dot doped silica nanoparticles as fluorescent probe for determination of bromate in drinking water samples. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple and effective strategy for designing a fluorescent probe for bromate was described in this work. Organosilane modified carbon dots were prepared by pyrolysis of citric acid in N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane solvent at 230 °C and further doped onto silica nanoparticles by a silylation reaction. The fluorescence of carbon dot doped silica nanoparticles was quenched by bromate in acidic medium. By utilizing this property, the nanoparticle could be used as a sensor to detect bromate. The parameters affecting the performance of the sensor probe such as types of acid medium, acid concentration, reaction temperature, and time were investigated and optimized. The detection limit of the sensor was found to be 1.1 ng mL−1, with a linear range from 8 to 400 ng mL−1 and relative standard deviation of 2.0% (150 ng mL−1, n = 9). The method was successfully applied to the determination of bromate in drinking water samples, and the recoveries were in the range of 96.3%–103.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
| | - Huanhuan Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
| | - Xiuming Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hennan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R China
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Li P, Sun XY, Shen JS, Liu B. A novel photoluminescence sensing system sensitive for and selective to bromate anions based on carbon dots. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12936f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, highly sensitive and selective PL sensing method for bromate anions has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xiang-Ying Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Jiang-Shan Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- China
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Farmany A, Mortazavi SS, Hashemi E, Sahraei R. A new catalytic oxidation method for sensitive quantification of bromate in flours and bottled water using AgNPs. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:1371-1375. [PMID: 24146069 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nanomolar level of bromate, based on the catalytic effect of silver nanoparticles on the oxidation of acid red 14 by potassium bromate, is described. The reaction rate was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of acid red 14 at 516 nm. The detection limit of the method was 8 ng/mL, and the linear range was between 15 and 130 ng/mL. The effects of acidity, concentration of reactants and reaction time, and external ions were also discussed. The optimum reaction conditions were fixed, and some kinetic parameters determined. The relative standard deviation for the determination of bromate at the concentration of 50 ng/mL was calculated to be 0.996 % (n = 10). The method has been successfully applied to the determination of bromate in flours and bottled waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Farmany
- Departments of Chemistry, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran,
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