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Bonacci ME, Almeida MIGS, Zhang Y, Kolev SD. Speciation of inorganic arsenic in aqueous samples using a novel hydride generation microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD). Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:243. [PMID: 35657569 PMCID: PMC9166862 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of the first microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for the speciation of inorganic arsenic in environmental aqueous samples as arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) which implements hydride generation on a paper platform is described. The newly developed µPAD has a 3D configuration and uses Au(III) chloride as the detection reagent. Sodium borohydride is used to generate arsine in the device’s sample zone by reducing As(III) in the presence of hydrochloric acid or both As(III) and As(V) (total inorganic As) in the presence of sulfuric acid. Arsine then diffuses across a hydrophobic porous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane into the device’s detection zone where it reduces Au(III) to Au nanoparticles. This results in a color change which can be related to the concentration of As(III) or total inorganic As (i.e., As(III) and As(V)) concentration. Under optimal conditions, the µPAD is characterized by a limit of detection of 0.43 mg L−1 for total inorganic As (As(III) + As(V)) and 0.41 mg L−1 for As(III) and a linear calibration range in both cases of 1.2–8.0 mg As L−1. The newly developed µPAD-based method was validated by applying it to groundwater and freshwater samples and comparing the results with those obtained by conventional atomic spectrometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason E Bonacci
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M Inês G S Almeida
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Spas D Kolev
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Trojanowicz M, Pyszynska M. Flow-Injection Methods in Water Analysis-Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:1410. [PMID: 35209198 PMCID: PMC8879103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread demand for the analysis and control of water quality and supply for human activity and ecosystem sustainability has necessitated the continuous improvement of water analysis methods in terms of their reliability, efficiency, and costs. To satisfy these requirements, flow-injection analysis using different detection methods has successfully been developed in recent decades. This review, based on about 100 original research papers, presents the achievements in this field over the past ten years. Various methodologies for establishing flow-injection measurements are reviewed, together with microfluidics and portable systems. The developed applications mostly concern not only the determination of inorganic analytes but also the speciation analysis of different elements, and the determination of several total indices of water quality. Examples of the determination of organic residues (e.g., pesticides, phenolic compounds, and surfactants) in natural surface waters, seawater, groundwater, and drinking water have also been identified. Usually, changes in the format of manual procedures for flow-injection determination results in the improvement of various operational parameters, such as the limits of detection, the sampling rate, or selectivity in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Trojanowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 02-195 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Pyszynska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 02-195 Warsaw, Poland;
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Ratanawimarnwong N, Ruckchang P, Yooram S, Songsrirote K, Uraisin K, Cerdà V. Development of a microfluidic membraneless vaporization flow system for trace analysis of arsenic. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:202-211. [PMID: 33331839 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01970d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new design of a membraneless vaporization (MBL-VP) unit coupled with a specific flow system is presented for the determination of arsenic at trace levels using a hydride generation process. The MBL-VP unit contains two concentric conical reservoirs, with the outer cone selected as the donor reservoir. The volume of the outer donor reservoir is thereby greater than the acceptor volume, necessary for holding sufficient sample and reagents for the generation of arsine gas by reaction between As(iii) and sodium borohydride under acidic conditions. The arsine gas diffuses into the narrow headspace and is absorbed by an aliquot of 150 μL of mercuric chloride acceptor solution. The resulting reaction produces hydronium ions which is monitored by the absorbance change at 530 nm of the methyl orange indicator added in the acceptor solution. To decrease the detection limit, the aspiration and removal of the donor plug, comprising the sample, borohydride and acid, into and out of the donor cone are repeated several times, while the acceptor solution is kept unchanged. As a result, analysis of arsenic was achieved in the range of 10 to 100 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 8 μg L-1. Application to surface water was investigated. Percent recoveries of spiked surface water samples were in the range of 94-110%. For comparison of total arsenic (As(iii) and As(v)), the results obtained from the developed method are not statistically different from the ICP-OES method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand
| | - Patcharat Ruckchang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Supattra Yooram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Kriangsak Songsrirote
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Kanchana Uraisin
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand and Department of Chemistry, Center of the Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Victor Cerdà
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Welna M, Szymczycha-Madeja A, Pohl P. Non-chromatographic Speciation of As by HG Technique-Analysis of Samples with Different Matrices. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214944. [PMID: 33114574 PMCID: PMC7663061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The applicability of the hydride generation (HG) sample introduction technique combined with different spectrochemical detection methods for non-chromatographic speciation of toxic As species, i.e., As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinate (DMA) and monomethylarsonate (MMA), in waters and other environmental, food and biological matrices is presented as a promising tool to speciate As by obviating chromatographic separation. Different non-chromatographic procedures along with speciation protocols reported in the literature over the past 20 year are summarized. Basic rules ensuring species selective generation of the corresponding hydrides are presented in detail. Common strategies and alternative approaches are highlighted. Aspects of proper sample preparation before analysis and the selection of adequate strategies for speciation purposes are emphasized.
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Pan SZ, Jin CZ, Yang XA, Zhang WB. Ultrasound enhanced solid-phase extraction of ultra-trace arsenic on Fe3O4@AuNPs magnetic particles. Talanta 2020; 209:120553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vera R, Zhang Y, Fontàs C, Almeida MIG, Anticó E, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD. Automatic determination of arsenate in drinking water by flow analysis with dual membrane-based separation. Food Chem 2019; 283:232-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Test for arsenic speciation in waters based on a paper-based analytical device with scanometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1011:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Galvis-Sánchez AC, Santos JR, Rangel AOSS. A total analytical system featuring a novel solid-liquid extraction chamber for solid sample flow analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7651-7661. [PMID: 27534755 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a total flow analysis system based on a novel solid-liquid extraction chamber is presented. This strategy enables all the main experimental procedures for the analysis of a solid sample to be performed automatically: enrichment of the liquid extract, sample treatment, filtration of the liquid extract from the solid sample, directing the extract towards detection, and finally cleansing of the chamber for the following solid sample to be analyzed. The chamber designed to be incorporated in the flow manifold presents two main features: it accommodates stirring bars for enhancing the extraction process, and it presents replaceable solid sample containers (a spare part of the solid-liquid extraction chamber) to easily replace the solid sample and therefore enhance sample analysis throughput. The chamber performance was assessed using two different solid samples, an ion exchanger resin and vegetable samples, focussing on proton and nitrate ion extraction, respectively. The main figures of merit achieved were relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error values below 7 % for all determinations. The determination rate for vegetable samples was ca. 12 samples h-1. The proposed strategy may be exploited to perform automatically the analysis of solid samples as it embodies a simple automatic strategy of a very important but time-consuming and laborious analytical operation. Graphical abstract TAS for solid liquid extraction and nitrate potentiometric determination of vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Galvis-Sánchez
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigo Santos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal.
| | - António O S S Rangel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
A dynamic development of methodologies of analytical flow injection measurements during four decades since their invention has reinforced the solid position of flow analysis in the arsenal of techniques and instrumentation of contemporary chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Trojanowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
- 03-195 Warsaw
- Poland
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Kamila Kołacińska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
- 03-195 Warsaw
- Poland
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Zhang Y, Miró M, Kolev SD. Hybrid flow system for automatic dynamic fractionation and speciation of inorganic arsenic in environmental solids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2733-2740. [PMID: 25649028 DOI: 10.1021/es505629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An integrated flow analysis system and protocol are proposed for the first time for automatic dynamic flow-through fractionation of inorganic arsenic (arsenite and arsenate) in environmental solids in combination with its real-time speciation. Four extractants (i.e., (1) 0.05 M ammonium sulfate, (2) 0.05 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, (3) 0.2 M ammonium oxalate, and (4) a mixture of 0.2 M ammonium oxalate and 0.1 M ascorbic acid at 96 °C) are applied sequentially to the sample to measure bioaccessible inorganic arsenic associated with (1) nonspecifically sorbed phases, (2) specifically sorbed phases, (3) amorphous plus poorly crystalline hydrous oxides of iron and aluminum, and (4) well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al, respectively. The kinetic extraction profiles of arsenite and total inorganic arsenic are obtained for each extractant by automatic collection of a given number of its aliquots (subfractions) exposed to the solid sample. Arsenite and total inorganic arsenic in each subfraction are converted to arsine sequentially by hydride generation at pH 4.50 and in 1.14 M hydrochloric acid, respectively. Arsine is absorbed into a potassium permanganate solution, the discoloration of which is related to the concentration of the corresponding arsenic species. The proposed method is successfully validated by analyzing a soil reference material (NIST 2710a) and a sediment sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Ma J, Sengupta MK, Yuan D, Dasgupta PK. Speciation and detection of arsenic in aqueous samples: A review of recent progress in non-atomic spectrometric methods. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 831:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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