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Inaudi P, Abollino O, Argenziano M, Malandrino M, Guiot C, Bertinetti S, Favilli L, Giacomino A. Advancements in Portable Voltammetry: A Promising Approach for Iron Speciation Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7404. [PMID: 37959823 PMCID: PMC10650053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron, a crucial element in our environment, plays a vital role in numerous natural processes. Understanding the presence and concentration of iron in the environment is very important as it impacts various aspects of our planet's health. The on-site detection and speciation of iron are significant for several reasons. In this context, the present work aims to evaluate the applicability of voltammetry for the on-site determination of iron and its possible speciation using a portable voltammetric analyzer. Voltammetry offers the advantage of convenience and cost-effectiveness. For iron (III) determination, the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with an antimony-bismuth film (SbBiFE) using the acetate buffer (pH = 4) as a supporting electrolyte was used. The technique adopted was Square Wave Adsoptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (SW-AdCSV), and we used 1-(2-piridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as the iron (III) ligand. Linearity, repeatability, detection limit, and accuracy were determined using synthetic solutions; then, a Standard Reference Material (SRM) of 1643f Trace Elements in Water (iron content: 93.44 ± 0.78 µg L-1) was used for validation measurements in the real matrix. the accuracy of this technique was found to be excellent since we obtained a recovery of 103.16%. The procedure was finally applied to real samples (tap, lake, and seawater), and the results obtained were compared via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The amount of iron found was 207.8 ± 6.6 µg L-1 for tap water using voltammetry and 200.9 ± 1.5 µg L-1 with ICP-OES. For lake water, 171.7 ± 3.8 µg L-1, 169.8 ± 4.1 µg L-1, and 187.5 ± 5.7 µg L-1 were found using voltammetry in the lab both on-site and using ICP-OES, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate the excellent applicability of the proposed on-site voltammetric procedure for the determination of iron and its speciation in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Inaudi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Caterina Guiot
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Stefano Bertinetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Laura Favilli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnese Giacomino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.); (A.G.)
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Sierpinski SFD, Baquer LML, Martins CC, Grassi MT. Exploratory evaluation of iron and its speciation in surface waters of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211520. [PMID: 37585980 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of dissolved iron concentrations and speciation was conducted for the first time in surface seawater coastline samples collected during the austral summer of 2020 in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. The technique of competitive ligand exchange/adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene as the competing ligand was evaluated, showing a sensitivity between 14.25 and 21.05 nA nmol L-1 min-1, with an LOD of 14 pmol L-1 and a mean blank contribution of 0.248 nmol L-1. Physicochemical parameters such as pH (7.85 ± 0.2), salinity (32.7 ± 0.8) and dissolved oxygen (51.3 ± 26.6%) were compatible with those of the literature; however, the average temperature (4.2 ± 0.8 °C) was higher, possibly as a reflection of global warming. The dissolved iron mean value was 18.9 ± 6.1 nmol L-1, with a total ligand concentration of 23.6 ± 12.2 nmol L-1 and a conditional stability complex constant of 12.2 ± 0.2, indicating humic substances as possible ligands. On average, the calculated free iron concentrations were 0.7 ± 0.3 pmol L-1. Relatively high concentrations of iron indicate a possible local source of Fe, likely predominantly from upwelling sediments and secondarily from ice-melting waters, which does not limit the growth of the phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheisa F D Sierpinski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Química, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Caixa Postal 19032, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luis Miguel Laglera Baquer
- Universidad de las Islas Baleares, FI-TRACE, Departamento de Química, Palma, Islas Baleares, 07122, España
| | - César C Martins
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Av. Beira Mar, s/n, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Química, Av. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Caixa Postal 19032, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Song L, Zhu Y, Wang J, Wu T, Zhou S, Zhang X, Tang J, Wang J, Lin D, Chen G. Inorganic phosphate regulated high luminescence NaYF 4:Yb 3+, Er 3+ as an iron ion fluorescent nanoprobe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 300:122903. [PMID: 37290241 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The iron ion in industrial circulating cooling water is an important indicator for early warning of equipment corrosion and control level. It is interesting to construct an upconversion luminescence iron ion nanoprobe with a common inorganic phosphate water treatment agent. Herein, inorganic phosphate sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) was used to regulate the morphology and functionalization of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion luminescent nanoprobe (UCNPs) and applied to fluorometric detection of trace Fe(III) in water based on the fluorescence quenching which is caused by the selective coordination between hexametaphosphate on the surface of UCNPs and Fe(III). The structure, morphology, and luminous intensity of UCNPs were regulated by disodium hydrogen phosphate (ADSP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium hexametaphosphate(SHMP). The UCNPs functionalized with SHMP has high sensitivity and selectivity for Fe(III) detection. The linear range and detection limit are 1.0-50 μM and 0.2 μM, respectively. The method has satisfactory results for the detection of trace Fe(III) in industrial circulating cooling water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yongbao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tingxia Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xianbo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junping Tang
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Thermophysical Properties Big Data Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Jikui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Thermophysical Properties Big Data Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Guosong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Ko KH, Kim GH, Song JG, Kim SG. A novel cyclic voltammetric determination of free chlorine generated by ozone disinfection in seawater aquariums. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sanvito F, Monticelli D. Exploring bufferless iron speciation in seawater by Competitive Ligand Equilibration-Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry: Does pH control really matter? Talanta 2021; 229:122300. [PMID: 33838784 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron speciation in seawater is of the utmost importance as this element plays a central role in the regulation of primary productivity. Here we present the development of a CLE-CSV (Competitive Ligand Equilibration-Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry) procedure for iron speciation in seawater avoiding for the first time the use of the pH buffer (2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene is used as the added ligand, atmospheric oxygen as the catalytic enhancer and a 1 mL volume per sample aliquot). The unbuffered method was setup, validated by using known ligands and finally applied to the analysis of six seawater samples from the Ross Sea (Antarctica). The validation procedure demonstrated that ultratrace levels of ligands may be reliably determined and the application to seawater samples proved that the complex natural ligand pool can be detected with results undistinguishable from the ones obtained by the buffered procedure. The proposed method demonstrated a new principle in trace element speciation analysis by CLE-CSV, namely that the equilibration step may be performed at natural pH, whereas the pH may be set at its optimal value for sensitivity during analysis, thanks to the raise in pH at the electrode/solution interface caused by oxygen reduction. This change in paradigm paves the way to the investigation of iron speciation at natural pH in traditionally difficult samples that show circumneutral or slightly acidic pH values. The relevance of the here proposed approach to existing speciation procedures by CLE-CSV is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sanvito
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - D Monticelli
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy.
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A closed inline system for sample digestion using 70% hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation. Determination of lead in wine employing ETAAS. Talanta 2019; 191:479-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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