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Nanetti E, Scicchitano D, Palladino G, Interino N, Corlatti L, Pedrotti L, Zanetti F, Pagani E, Esposito E, Brambilla A, Grignolio S, Marotti I, Turroni S, Fiori J, Rampelli S, Candela M. The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) gut microbiome, seasonal dynamics, and potential application in lignocellulose bioconversion. iScience 2024; 27:110194. [PMID: 38989465 PMCID: PMC11233967 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aiming to shed light on the biology of wild ruminants, we investigated the gut microbiome seasonal dynamics of the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) from the Central Italian Alps. Feces were collected in spring, summer, and autumn during non-invasive sampling campaigns. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, as well as targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Our findings revealed season-specific compositional and functional profiles of the ibex gut microbiome that may allow the host to adapt to seasonal changes in available forage, by fine-tuning the holobiont catabolic layout to fully exploit the available food. Besides confirming the importance of the host-associated microbiome in providing the phenotypic plasticity needed to buffer dietary changes, we obtained species-level genome bins and identified minimal gut microbiome community modules of 11-14 interacting strains as a possible microbiome-based solution for the bioconversion of lignocellulose to high-value compounds, such as volatile fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Nanetti
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Scicchitano
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Interino
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Corlatti
- Stelvio National Park, 23032 Bormio, Italy
- University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Federica Zanetti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Pagani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Esposito
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Brambilla
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich (CH), Switzerland
- Centro Studi Fauna Alpina, Parco Nazionale Gran Paradiso, Loc. Degioz 11, 11010 Valsavarenche, Aosta, Italy
| | - Stefano Grignolio
- University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032 Fano, Italy
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2
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Gao W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Gao D, Wu C. A novel and efficient electrochemiluminescence sensing strategy for the determination of trimethylamine oxide in seafood. Talanta 2024; 269:125409. [PMID: 37992485 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing strategy and a solid-state ECL sensor was proposed to detect trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which is widely presented in marine species and has important physiological functions. TMAO was reduced by Fe(II)-EDTA complex to trimethylamine, acting as coreactant, to amplify the ECL response of the Ru (bpy)32+ system. To improve the detection sensitivity and efficiency, a robust solid-state ECL probe was prepared and a flow injection ECL detection system was established with a specially designed flow ECL unit, under the excitation of stepping pulse potentials. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed ECL sensor worked well for TMAO detection in a wide linear range of 10.00 μM to 1.00 mM with a limit of detection of 3.41 μM. It was successfully applied to determine TMAO in various species of seafood samples. This work provides a promising strategy for TMAO detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Gao
- Shandong Provincial Center for In-Situ Marine Sensors, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Hongye Yang
- Shandong Provincial Center for In-Situ Marine Sensors, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for In-Situ Marine Sensors, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Dexin Gao
- Shandong Provincial Center for In-Situ Marine Sensors, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Shandong Provincial Center for In-Situ Marine Sensors, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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3
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Zhu R, Yuan Y, Qi R, Liang J, Shi Y, Weng H. Quantitative profiling of carboxylic compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for revealing biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123930. [PMID: 38029665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common microvascular complication of diabetes, currently lacks specific diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets, resulting in miss of early intervention. To profile metabolic conditions in complex and precious biological samples and screen potential biomarkers for DKD diagnosis and prognosis, a rapid, convenient and reliable quantification method for carboxyl compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established with isobutyl chloroformate derivatization. The derivatives were extracted with hexane, injected into GC-MS and quantified with selected ion monitoring mode. This method showed excellent linearity(R2 > 0.99), good recoveries (81.1%-115.5%), good repeatability (RSD < 20%) and sensitivity (LODs: 0.20-499.90 pg, LOQs: 2.00-1007.00 pg). Among the 37 carboxyl compounds analyzed, 12 metabolites in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism pathway and amino acid metabolism pathway were linked with DKD development and among them, 6 metabolites were associated with both development and prognosis of DKD in mice. In conclusion, a reliable, convenient and sensitive method based on isobutyl chloroformate derivatization and GC-MS analysis is established and successfully applied to quantify 37 carboxyl compounds in biological samples of mice and 12 potential biomarkers for DKD development and prognosis are screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rourou Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianying Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Clinical Trials of drug, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Hongbo Weng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Delprete C, Rimondini Giorgini R, Lucarini E, Bastiaanssen T, Scicchitano D, Interino N, Formaggio F, Uhlig F, Ghelardini C, Hyland N, Cryan J, Liguori R, Candela M, Fiori J, Turroni S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Caprini M. Disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is a defining characteristic of the α-Gal A (-/0) mouse model of Fabry disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2256045. [PMID: 37712629 PMCID: PMC10506438 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2256045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked metabolic disease caused by a deficiency in α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) activity. This causes accumulation of glycosphingolipids, especially globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), in different cells and organs. Neuropathic pain and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and early satiety, are the most frequent symptoms reported by FD patients and severely affect their quality of life. It is generally accepted that Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 are involved in the symptoms; nevertheless, the origin of these symptoms is complex and multifactorial, and the exact mechanisms of pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Here, we used a murine model of FD, the male α-Gal A (-/0) mouse, to characterize functionality, behavior, and microbiota in an attempt to elucidate the microbiota-gut-brain axis at three different ages. We provided evidence of a diarrhea-like phenotype and visceral hypersensitivity in our FD model together with reduced locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior. We also showed for the first time that symptomology was associated with early compositional and functional dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, paralleled by alterations in fecal short-chain fatty acid levels, which partly persisted with advancing age. Interestingly, most of the dysbiotic features suggested a disruption of gut homeostasis, possibly contributing to accelerated intestinal transit, visceral hypersensitivity, and impaired communication along the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Delprete
- Laboratory of Human and General Physiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Rimondini Giorgini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and ToxicoKGMI_A_2256045logy Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - T.F.S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - D. Scicchitano
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N. Interino
- Complex Operational Unit Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Formaggio
- Laboratory of Human and General Physiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Uhlig
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C. Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and ToxicoKGMI_A_2256045logy Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - N.P. Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J.F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Liguori
- Complex Operational Unit Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, ltaly
| | - M. Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J. Fiori
- Complex Operational Unit Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and ToxicoKGMI_A_2256045logy Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M. Caprini
- Laboratory of Human and General Physiology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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5
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Chalova P, Tazky A, Skultety L, Minichova L, Chovanec M, Ciernikova S, Mikus P, Piestansky J. Determination of short-chain fatty acids as putative biomarkers of cancer diseases by modern analytical strategies and tools: a review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110235. [PMID: 37441422 PMCID: PMC10334191 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract. They can be seen as the major flow of carbon from the diet, through the microbiome to the host. SCFAs have been reported as important molecules responsible for the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, these molecules have a significant impact on the immune system and are able to affect inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes type II, or oncological diseases. For this purpose, SCFAs could be used as putative biomarkers of various diseases, including cancer. A potential diagnostic value may be offered by analyzing SCFAs with the use of advanced analytical approaches such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The presented review summarizes the importance of analyzing SCFAs from clinical and analytical perspective. Current advances in the analysis of SCFAs focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, and detection methods are highlighted. Additionally, it also shows potential areas for the development of future diagnostic tools in oncology and other varieties of diseases based on targeted metabolite profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Tazky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Skultety
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Minichova
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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6
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Mei X, Wu X, Zhou F, Liu Y, Ji H, Li Y, Jiang D, Yang M, Xu J, Qiang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Non-targeted screening and trimethylamine determination in Tilletia foetida-infected wheat using HS-SPME-GC-MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:181-192. [PMID: 36520423 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2154853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Common bunt disease of wheat in China is caused mainly by Tilletia foetida. However, reliable approaches for determining disease-associated biochemical markers are rarely reported. Here, a headspace-solid-phase microextraction coupled with headspace GC-tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to screen volatile substances in infected wheat, and an optimal chemical marker was selected to establish analytical methods for disease determination. Non-targeted screening of 13 volatile compounds unique to diseased wheat allowed a metabolite with rotten fish-like smell, trimethylamine (TMA), to be selected as the inspection marker. Subsequently, two analytical methodologies, HS-SPME-GC-MS and headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID), were established to determinate the TMA content in wheat. The linear relationship, recovery and reproducibility of the methods were validated. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.02 µg/kg for the former method, 5000-fold lower than that for the latter. When analysing samples, HS-SPME-GC-MS showed excellent sensitivity and allowed for the determination of 0.05% infected kernels among whole wheat grains. Therefore, TMA determination using HS-SPME-GC-MS is an effective alternative method to detect wheat common bunt disease occurring at extremely low infection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanxu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Diyao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotoxin Analysis & Assessment for State Market Regulation, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection & Testing, Nanjing, China
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7
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Jalandra R, Makharia GK, Sharma M, Kumar A. Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1101429. [PMID: 36726978 PMCID: PMC9885123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by the intestinal microbiota as a by-product of metabolism of dietary precursors. TMA has been implicated in various chronic health conditions. However, the effect of TMA in the colon and the underlying mechanism was not clear. In this study, TMA exhibited toxic effects in vitro as well as in vivo. TMA-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage, and compromised cell membrane integrity leading to the release of LDH outside the cells which ultimately leads to cell death. Besides, TMA also exhibited pronounced increase in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. TMA was found to be genotoxic and cytotoxic as the TMA concentration increased from 0.15 mM. A decreased ATP intracellular content was observed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h treatment in a time and dose-dependent manner. For in vivo research, TMA (100 mM, i.p. and intra-rectal) once a week for 12 weeks caused significant changes in cellular morphology of colon and rectum epithelium as assessed by H & E staining. TMA also significantly increased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon and rectal epithelium indicating the severity of inflammation. In addition, TMA caused extensive mucosal damage and distortion in the epithelium, decrease in length of small intestine compared to control mice. In conclusion, these results highlight the detrimental effects of TMA in the colon and rectal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Jalandra
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Govind K. Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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8
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Zhao C, Shen J, Xu S, Wei J, Liu H, Xie S, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Zhu Y. Ultra-efficient trimethylamine gas sensor based on Au nanoparticles sensitized WO3 nanosheets for rapid assessment of seafood freshness. Food Chem 2022; 392:133318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Metabolic alterations of short-chain fatty acids and TCA cycle intermediates in human plasma from patients with gastric cancer. Life Sci 2022; 309:121010. [PMID: 36181864 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by gut microbiota from dietary fiber. Since absorbed SCFAs could be introduced into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in host cells, the relationships between SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates might influence to energy metabolism in the human body. For this reason, information on profile changes between SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates could help unveil pathological mechanisms of gastric cancer. MAIN METHODS A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates in human plasma from patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer. We applied a tetra-alkyl ammonium pairing method to prevent loss of volatile SCFAs and base decarboxylation of TCA cycle intermediates during sample preparation. To assess gastric diseases, metabolic alterations of SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates in human plasma with gastric disorders were analyzed by their plasma levels. KEY FINDINGS Significantly different metabolic alterations based on the plasma levels of SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates were investigated in cancer metabolic pathways. Not only propionate and butyrate, mainly produced by gut microbiota, were significantly decreased, but also cis-aconitate, α-ketoglutarate, and fumarate were significantly increased in plasma with IM or gastric cancer, compared to CSG. Further, based on ratios of product to precursor, three metabolic pathways (succinate/propionate, succinate/α-ketoglutarate, and cis-aconitate/citrate) were supposed to be distorted between gastric diseases. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, propionate, cis-aconitate, α-ketoglutarate, and fumarate could be used to assess the progression of gastric cancer.
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10
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A Novel Gas Sensor for Detecting Pork Freshness Based on PANI/AgNWs/Silk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152372. [PMID: 35954138 PMCID: PMC9368743 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, operational, reliable, flexible gas sensor based on silk fibroin fibers (SFFs) as a substrate was proposed for detecting the freshness of pork. Silk is one of the earliest animal fibers utilized by humans, and SFFs exposed many biological micromolecules on the surface. Thus, the gas sensor was fabricated through polyaniline (PANI) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) and deposited on SFFs by in-suit polymerization. With trimethylamine (TMA) as a model gas, the sensing properties of the PANI/AgNWs/silk composites were examined at room temperature, and the linear correlativity was very prominent between these sensing measures and the TMA measures in the range of 3.33 μg/L-1200 μg/L. When the pork sample is detected by the sensor, it can be classified into fresh or stale pork with the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) as an index. The result indicated that the gas sensor was effective and showed great potential for applications to detect the freshness of pork.
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11
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Sugary vs salty food industry leftovers in postweaning piglets: effects on gut microbiota and intestinal volatile fatty acid production. Animal 2022; 16:100584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Loo RL, Chan Q, Nicholson JK, Holmes E. Balancing the Equation: A Natural History of Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine- N-oxide. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:560-589. [PMID: 35142516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) and its N-oxide (TMAO) are ubiquitous in prokaryote and eukaryote organisms as well as in the environment, reflecting their fundamental importance in evolutionary biology, and their diverse biochemical functions. Both metabolites have multiple biological roles including cell-signaling. Much attention has focused on the significance of serum and urinary TMAO in cardiovascular disease risk, yet this is only one of the many facets of a deeper TMA-TMAO partnership that reflects the significance of these metabolites in multiple biological processes spanning animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi. We report on analytical methods for measuring TMA and TMAO and attempt to critically synthesize and map the global functions of TMA and TMAO in a systems biology framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey Leng Loo
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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13
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Omak G, Yilmaz-Ersan L. Effect of Cordyceps militaris on formation of short-chain fatty acids as postbiotic metabolites. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1142-1150. [PMID: 35192422 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2033992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine the growth-promoting-effect of Cordyceps militaris, known as a medicinal mushroom, on Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. To evaluate the best growth-promoting activity of the test substrates including glucose, inulin, and at different concentrations of C. militaris (0.5%, 1%, and 2%), the cell counts, optical density (OD), prebiotic activity scores, and postbiotics (lactic, acetic, butyric, and propionic acids) were determined. The highest cell count was found for L. casei in media containing 0.5% C. militaris and for L. acidophilus in media containing 1% C. militaris. In the case of both strains, the OD values of the medium with C. militaris (1%) and (2%) increased similar to those of glucose. The prebiotic activity scores for both strains were positive. The concentration of lactic acid ranged from 0.56 to 8.07 g L-1 for L. casei and 0.82 to 5.38 g L-1 for L. acidophilus. Moreover, propionic acid was the highest among short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by both strains. According to the results of the present study, the tested Lactobacillus species can utilize C. militaris as carbon source and is able to form postbiotics in the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Omak
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye Yilmaz-Ersan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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14
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Li Y, Kang J, Lee Y, Chung JY, Cho JY. A validated simple LC-MS/MS method for quantifying trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) using a surrogate matrix and its clinical application. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2022; 29:216-225. [PMID: 35024362 PMCID: PMC8718357 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2021.29.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a small molecular amine oxide generated from dietary choline and carnitine through intestinal microbial metabolism. Recently, TMAO has attracted much public attention as its role in disease progression has been proven in many clinical studies. The plasma concentration of TMAO in humans was found to be positively associated with the increased risk of many diseases including cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases. To achieve accurate and sensitive quantitation of TMAO for clinical applications, we established and validated a simple quantitative method using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. We constructed an eight-point calibration curve in an artificial surrogate matrix instead of the commonly used biological matrices to avoid interference from the endogenous TMAO. The calibration curve showed excellent linearity in the range of 1 to 5,000 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R2) higher than 0.996 in each validation batch. Moreover, both the intra-day and inter-day assays achieved satisfactory precision and accuracy results ranging from 1.65–7.15% and 96.36–111.43%, respectively. Further, this method was cross-validated using a human plasma matrix and applied to a clinical pharmacology study. Overall, these results demonstrate that the developed quantitation method is applicable in clinical research for monitoring disease progression and evaluating drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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15
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Fu Z, Jia Q, Zhang H, Kang L, Sun X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Hu P. Simultaneous quantification of eleven short-chain fatty acids by derivatization and solid phase microextraction - Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462680. [PMID: 34879311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
As metabolites of the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) played an important role in the diagnosis of the metabolic diseases. Because of the high polarity, high volatility and complex matrix of biological samples, the highly sensitive, selective and accurate method to determine SCFAs remains a major challenge. Herein, a new method for simultaneous quantification of eleven SCFAs by derivatization combined with solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed. Isobutyl chloroformate coupled with isobutanol was used as the reaction reagent to derivatize SCFAs. The method validation data showed a satisfactory linearity with the linear regression coefficients (R) ranging from 0.9964 to 0.9996. The limit of detection (LOD) of all SCFAs ranges from 0.01 ng·mL-1 to 0.72 ng·mL-1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranges from 0.04 ng·mL-1 to 2.41 ng·mL-1. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSDs) ranged from 0.65% to 8.92% and 1.62% to 15.61%, respectively. The recovery ranged from 88.10% to 108.71%. Finally, the developed method was successfully used to determine SCFAs in mice fecal sample, and ten of the SCFAs were found in feces of mice, including formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P.R. China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
| | - Lu Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhi Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuerong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
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16
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Paper-based electrochemiluminescence device for the rapid estimation of trimethylamine in fish via the quenching effect of thioglycolic acid-capped cadmium selenide quantum dots. Food Chem 2021; 366:130590. [PMID: 34311230 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A paper-based electrochemiluminescence device (µPAD-ECL) for the estimation of trimethylamine (TMA) concentration in fish was developed using tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) complex coupled with water soluble thioglycolic acid-capped CdSe quantum dots on the inkjet-printed paper-based device. The quenching effect of tertiary amines on the ECL intensity was found to be sensitive and concentration dependent. This effect allows the measurement of TMA at low concentrations. Under the optimal conditions, the linear concentration range was exhibited from 1 × 10-12 to 1 × 10-7 M and a detection limit of 2.09 × 10-13 M, with relative standard deviation of 1.97 %. The applicability of µPAD-ECL is demonstrated by the rapid estimation of trimethylamine concentration in fish tissue, and could be used as a method for screening the total amount of tertiary amines in fishery products in remote communities. The results obtained using the paper-based devices agreed well with those obtained applying high performance liquid chromatography with benzoyl derivatization, at a confidence level of 95%.
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17
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Zhang W, Sun J, Wang F, Liu J, Han Y, Jiang M, Tang D. Fluorescent assay for quantitative analysis of trimethylamine N-oxide. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1527-1534. [PMID: 33710182 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial metabolite involved in cardiovascular and kidney diseases, has great potential as a biomarker, thus making TMAO quantification of great significance. The current assay methods are mainly established on mass spectrometry. However, the classic enzymatic approach is absent, which may be because there is no appropriate single-enzyme reaction. Here, we prepared TMAO demethylase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase and found that these two bacterial enzymes catalyze an efficient coupled reaction that produces NADH from TMAO conversion. With the participation of another enzyme, diaphorase, the multienzymatic coupling system was constructed, which realizes the output of fluorescence signals from TMAO input using resazurin as a probe, thus laying the foundation for fluorescent assay. Through optimization, the sensitivity and specificity were improved. A pretreatment procedure was developed to eliminate formaldehyde that pre-exists with TMAO to avoid an interference effect. Our assay is suitable for quantifying serum TMAO in the range of 2.05-50 μM, covering actual levels in clinical samples, and exhibits a high degree of accordance with mass spectrometry. Therefore, the established fluorometric microplate assay is facile, sensitive and accurate and may enable low-cost and high-throughput analysis of TMAO in clinical laboratory diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Gatarek P, Kaluzna-Czaplinska J. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in human health. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:301-319. [PMID: 33746664 PMCID: PMC7975634 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to numerous links between trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and various disorders and diseases, this topic is very popular and is often taken up by researchers. TMAO is a low molecular weight compound that belongs to the class of amine oxides. It is formed by the process of oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA) by the hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMO1 and FMO3). TMAO is mainly formed from nutritional substrates from the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine/choline, carnitine, betaine, dimethylglycine, and ergothioneine by intestinal microflora in the colon. Its level is determined by many factors, such as age, gender, diet, intestinal microflora composition, kidney function, and also liver flavin monooxygenase activity. Many studies report a positive relationship between the level of TMAO concentration and the development of various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cardiorenal disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease, and also diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancers (stomach, colon), as well as neurological disorders. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the effects of TMAO on human health, the relationship between TMAO and intestinal microbiota, the role of TMAO in different diseases, and current analytical techniques used in TMAO determination in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gatarek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaluzna-Czaplinska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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19
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Yang P, Li X, Yang W, He L, Yang L, Zhang X. A simple liquid chromatography/differential ion mobility spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of trimethylamine-N-oxide in human serum: An application in dialysis patients. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8965. [PMID: 33002250 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a potential indicator of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disorders. It is important to monitor the TMAO level in plasma or serum of hemodialysis patients. A simple liquid chromatography/differential ion mobility spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/DMS-MS/MS) method was established and validated for the determination of TMAO in the serum of hemodialysis patients. METHODS Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Atlantis HILIC silica column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3 μm). The gradient mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid in both solvents. The serum sample was precipitated with acidic acetonitrile prior to HPLC/DMS-MS/MS analysis and TMAO-d9 was used as the internal standard. Data acquisition was performed in positive ion mode with a DMS system before the electrospray ionization source. The selected reaction monitoring transitions were m/z 76.0 → 58.0 and m/z 85.2 → 66.1 for TMAO and the internal standard, respectively. RESULTS Excellent linearity was observed over the calibration range 0.05-20 μg/mL (r2 > 0.995). The method was validated for good specificity and sensitivity. The inter-run and intra-run precision and accuracy were less than 13.6% and 10.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We established a novel and robust HPLC/DMS-MS/MS method for the quantification of TMAO in human serum samples. The validated assay was simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable. The developed method could be applied to the assay of serum samples from patients with kidney disease who are undergoing hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenling Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lian He
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
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Mojsak P, Rey-Stolle F, Parfieniuk E, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. The role of gut microbiota (GM) and GM-related metabolites in diabetes and obesity. A review of analytical methods used to measure GM-related metabolites in fecal samples with a focus on metabolites' derivatization step. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113617. [PMID: 32971497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of gut microbiota (GM) composition is increasingly related to the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases. Additionally, GM is responsible for the production and transformation of metabolites involved in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current state of knowledge regarding the composition of GM and GM-related metabolites in relation to the progress and development of obesity and T2DM is presented in this review. To understand the relationships between GM-related metabolites and the development of metabolic disorders, their accurate qualitative and quantitative measurement in biological samples is needed. Feces represent a valuable biological matrix which composition may reflect the health status of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the whole organism. Mass spectrometry (MS), mainly in combination with gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), is commonly used to measure fecal metabolites. However, profiling metabolites in such a complex matrix as feces is challenging from both analytical chemistry and biochemistry standpoints. Chemical derivatization is one of the most effective methods used to overcome these problems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the derivatization methods of GM-related metabolites prior to GC-MS or LC-MS analysis, which have been published in the last five years (2015-2020). Additionally, analytical methods used for the analysis of GM-related metabolites without the derivatization step are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mojsak
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ewa Parfieniuk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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21
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Applying mass spectrometry-based assays to explore gut microbial metabolism and associations with disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:719-732. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe workings of the gut microbiome have gained increasing interest in recent years through the mounting evidence that the microbiota plays an influential role in human health and disease. A principal focus of this research seeks to further understand the production of metabolic by-products produced by bacteria resident in the gut, and the subsequent interaction of these metabolites on host physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Gut bacterial metabolites of interest are predominately formed via metabolic breakdown of dietary compounds including choline and ʟ-carnitine (trimethylamine N-oxide), amino acids (phenol- and indole-containing uremic toxins) and non-digestible dietary fibers (short-chain fatty acids). Investigations have been accelerated through the application of mass spectrometry (MS)-based assays to quantitatively assess the concentration of these metabolites in laboratory- and animal-based experiments, as well as for direct circulating measurements in clinical research populations. This review seeks to explore the impact of these metabolites on disease, as well as to introduce the application of MS for those less accustomed to its use as a clinical tool, highlighting pertinent research related to its use for measurements of gut bacteria-mediated metabolites to further understand their associations with disease.
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D’Amico F, Biagi E, Rampelli S, Fiori J, Zama D, Soverini M, Barone M, Leardini D, Muratore E, Prete A, Gotti R, Pession A, Masetti R, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Candela M. Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic SCT Promotes the Recovery of Gut Microbiome Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122958. [PMID: 31817158 PMCID: PMC6950621 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first-line immunotherapy to treat several hematologic disorders, although it can be associated with many complications reducing the survival rate, such as acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and infections. Given the fundamental role of the gut microbiome (GM) for host health, it is not surprising that a suboptimal path of GM recovery following HSCT may compromise immune homeostasis and/or increase the risk of opportunistic infections, with an ultimate impact in terms of aGvHD onset. Traditionally, the first nutritional approach in post-HSCT patients is parenteral nutrition (PN), which is associated with several clinical adverse effects, supporting enteral nutrition (EN) as a preferential alternative. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of EN vs. PN on the trajectory of compositional and functional GM recovery in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. The GM structure and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production profiles were analyzed longitudinally in twenty pediatric patients receiving HSCT—of which, ten were fed post-transplant with EN and ten with total PN. According to our findings, we observed the prompt recovery of a structural and functional eubiotic GM layout post-HSCT only in EN subjects, thus possibly reducing the risk of systemic infections and GvHD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D’Amico
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (E.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Elena Biagi
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (E.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (E.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daniele Zama
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.L.); (E.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Matteo Soverini
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (E.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Monica Barone
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (E.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.L.); (E.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Edoardo Muratore
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.L.); (E.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Arcangelo Prete
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.L.); (E.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.L.); (E.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.L.); (E.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (E.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (E.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Marco Candela
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.D.); (E.B.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2099727
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A Fast and Accurate Way to Determine Short Chain Fatty Acids in Human Serum by GC–MS and Their Distribution in Children with Digestive Diseases. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Neyer P, Bernasconi L, Fuchs JA, Allenspach MD, Steuer C. Derivatization-free determination of short-chain volatile amines in human plasma and urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23062. [PMID: 31595561 PMCID: PMC7031570 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain volatile amines (SCVA) are an interesting compound class playing crucial roles in physiological and toxicological human settings. Dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), diethylamine (DEA), and triethylamine (TEA) were investigated in detail. METHODS Headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was used for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of four SCVA in different human body fluids. Four hundred microliters of Li-heparin plasma and urine were analyzed after liberation of volatile amines under heated conditions in an aqueous alkaline and saline environment. Target analytes were separated on a volatile amine column and detected on a Thermo DSQ II mass spectrometer scheduled in single ion monitoring mode. RESULTS Chromatographic separation of selected SCVA was done within 7.5 minutes. The method was developed and validated with respect to accuracy, precision, recovery and stability. Accuracy and precision criteria were below 12% for all target analytes at low and high levels. The selected extraction procedure provided recoveries of more than 92% from both matrices for TMA, DEA and TEA. The recovery of DMA from Li-heparin plasma was lower but still in the acceptable range (>75%). The newly validated method was successfully applied to plasma and urine samples from healthy volunteers. Detected concentrations of endogenous metabolites DMA and TMA are comparable to already known reference ranges. CONCLUSION Herein, we describe the successful development and validation of a reliable and broadly applicable HS-GC-MS procedure for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of SCVA in human plasma and urine without relying on derivatization chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Jens A Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Steuer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Fiori J, Turroni S, Candela M, Gotti R. Assessment of gut microbiota fecal metabolites by chromatographic targeted approaches. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 177:112867. [PMID: 31614303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, the specific microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract, by means of the production of microbial metabolites provides the host with several functions affecting metabolic and immunological homeostasis. Insights into the intricate relationships between gut microbiota and the host require not only the understanding of its structure and function but also the measurement of effector molecules acting along the gut microbiota axis. This article reviews the literature on targeted chromatographic approaches in analysis of gut microbiota specific metabolites in feces as the most accessible biological matrix which can directly probe the connection between intestinal bacteria and the (patho)physiology of the holobiont. Together with a discussion on sample collection and preparation, the chromatographic methods targeted to determination of some classes of microbiota-derived metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, low molecular masses amines and polyamines, vitamins, neurotransmitters and related compounds) are discussed and their main characteristics, summarized in Tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fiori
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Douny C, Dufourny S, Brose F, Verachtert P, Rondia P, Lebrun S, Marzorati M, Everaert N, Delcenserie V, Scippo ML. Development of an analytical method to detect short-chain fatty acids by SPME-GC–MS in samples coming from an in vitro gastrointestinal model. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:188-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E. Recent developments and applications of solid phase microextraction as a sample preparation approach for mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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