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Rhie J, Lee D, Kim T, Kim S, Seo M, Kim DS, Bahk YM. Optical Tweezing Terahertz Probing for a Single Metal Nanoparticle. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6753-6760. [PMID: 38708988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently, extensive research has been reported on the detection of metal nanoparticles using terahertz waves, due to their potential for efficient and nondestructive detection of chemical and biological samples without labeling. Resonant terahertz nanoantennas can be used to detect a small amount of molecules whose vibrational modes are in the terahertz frequency range with high sensitivity. However, the positioning of target molecules is critical to obtaining a reasonable signal because the field distribution is inhomogeneous over the antenna structure. Here, we combine an optical tweezing technique and terahertz spectroscopy based on nanoplasmonics, resulting in extensive controllable tweezing and sensitive detection at the same time. We observed optical tweezing of a gold nanoparticle and detected it with terahertz waves by using a single bowtie nanoantenna. Furthermore, the calculations confirm that molecular fingerprinting is possible by using our technique. This study will be a prestep of biomolecular detection using gold nanoparticles in terahertz spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeah Rhie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukhyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Quantum Photonics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghun Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Seo
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Sik Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Quantum Photonics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Bahk
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huang L, Cao H, Chen L, Ma Y, Yang Y, Liu X, Wang W, Zhu Y, Zhuang S. Terahertz reconfigurable metasensor for specific recognition multiple and mixed chemical substances based on AIT fingerprint enhancement. Talanta 2024; 269:125481. [PMID: 38039669 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) fingerprint metasensing is an effective method to identify chemical substances in a rapid and non-destructive way. Currently, two main principles are used in THz metasensing: the change of the real part of permittivity causing the dip resonance frequency deviation, and the fingerprint peak of the imaginary part of permittivity causing the dip resonance splitting (absorption induced transparency, AIT). Most previous work investigated AIT detection for only single chemical substance. The suitable AIT metasensor structure are still required for simultaneously measurement of multiple and mixture chemical substances. In this manuscript, we proposed the N-order concentric rings metasensor for specific recognition multiple and mixed chemical substances based on AIT fingerprint enhancement. The structure has broadband multiple plasmonic resonance dips which are generated by near field dipole resonances. The equivalent circuit model was built to realize the reconfigurable function. Then, 5-order concentric rings structure was designed and fabricated for simultaneously specific recognition of four chemical substances (α-lactose, benzoic acid, vitamin B2 and 2, 5-dichloroanline). The influence of the real and imaginary part of the chemical substances' permittivity on AIT effect had discussed in details. Simulation results indicated that the frequency-deviation of the resonance dip can be stabilized and will not be changed when the concentration of chemical substances is over 20 mg/mL. As shifted plasmonic resonance peaks match the chemical substances' imaginary part of permittivity fingerprint spectra, the perfect AIT effect can be realized. The metasensor can simultaneously and non-destructively conduct a specific detection of α-lactose, benzoic acid, vitamin B2 and 2,5-dichloroanline, and their mixture. The limit of detections of α-lactose, benzoic acid, vitamin B2 and 2,5-dichloroanline are 8.61 mg/mL, 6.96 mg/mL, 7.54 mg/mL and 8.35 mg/mL, respectively. Also, the sensitivity of the metasensor can reach 0.00211, 0.00208, 0.00211 and 0.00219 (unit: 1/mg/mL), respectively. By utilizing one-way analysis of variance method, the possibility of recognition error for each chemical substance is lower than 0.001. Our metasensor provides a novel and accurate platform for THz fingerprint sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Huang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; The Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yi Ma
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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Zhang W, Lin J, Yuan Z, Lin Y, Shang W, Chin LK, Zhang M. Terahertz Metamaterials for Biosensing Applications: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 38275304 PMCID: PMC10813048 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, THz metamaterials have emerged as a promising technology for biosensing by extracting useful information (composition, structure and dynamics) of biological samples from the interaction between the THz wave and the biological samples. Advantages of biosensing with THz metamaterials include label-free and non-invasive detection with high sensitivity. In this review, we first summarize different THz sensing principles modulated by the metamaterial for bio-analyte detection. Then, we compare various resonance modes induced in the THz range for biosensing enhancement. In addition, non-conventional materials used in the THz metamaterial to improve the biosensing performance are evaluated. We categorize and review different types of bio-analyte detection using THz metamaterials. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of THz metamaterial in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiahan Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengxin Yuan
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanxiao Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenli Shang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Wu YR, Dong RY, Zou JH, Zhang HF. Advanced optical terahertz fingerprint sensor based on coherent perfect absorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14257-14265. [PMID: 37171203 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00592e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An advanced optical terahertz (THz) fingerprint sensor based on coherent perfect absorption (CPA) is proposed. Based on a one-dimensional layered photonic structure, the sensor contains a cavity that is developed for THz fingerprint measurement. Utilizing the magneto-optical effect of magnetized InSb, CPA is excited in the structure of the sensor. Taking α-lactose as exemplar material, this numerical simulation is integrated with a Drude-Lorentz model. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to calculate the sensitivity (S), linear range (LR), quality (Q), the figure of merit (FOM*), and detection limit (DL) theoretically. Employing the amplitude modulation detection method, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the α-lactose thickness of 0-0.5 μm could be realized. Because of the fragility of CPA, the S is 0.78255 μm-1, the value of average Q is up to 8019.2, the value of average FOM* is 13 234.4 (THz μm)-1, and the lower DL is 4.21 × 10-6. Moreover, the evolutions of ensemble-averaged absorption in the vicinity of the absorption peaks for different types of disorder effects are considered, which will be considered in the fabrication of sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ran Wu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Rui Yang Dong
- Bell Honors School & Intensive Courses in Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Hao Zou
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hai Feng Zhang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zhang X, Liu J, Qin J. A terahertz metasurface sensor with fingerprint enhancement in a wide spectrum band for thin film detection. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2210-2215. [PMID: 37056626 PMCID: PMC10089126 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy is a powerful tool to resolve molecular fingerprints by detecting their vibrational and rotational modes, and has great application potential in chemistry and biomedicine. However, the limited sensitivity and poor specificity restrict its applications in these areas, where trace amounts of analytes need to be identified effectively and accurately. Here, we propose a sensing scheme for enhancing molecular fingerprints based on angle-scanning of terahertz waves on an all-silicon metasurface. The metasurface consists of a periodic array of silicon cylinder dimers arranged in a square lattice. An ultrasharp guided mode resonance governed by bound states in the continuum can be excited by elaborately arranging the silicon cylinder dimers. By utilizing the angle-scanning strategy, two kinds of saccharides are successfully identified with extremely high sensitivity. Specifically, the detection limits for lactose and glucose are 1.53 μg cm-2 and 1.54 μg cm-2, respectively. Our study will provide a new idea for the detection of trace amounts of analytes, and promote the application of terahertz technology in chemistry and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Centre for Terahertz Research, China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Centre for Terahertz Research, China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Jianyuan Qin
- Centre for Terahertz Research, China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China
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6
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Sun M, Han Z. Highly sensitive terahertz fingerprint sensing based on the quasi-guided modes in a distorted photonic lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:10947-10954. [PMID: 37157629 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Using photonic structures resonating at the characteristic absorption frequency of the target molecules is a widely-adopted approach to enhance the absorption and improve the sensitivity in many spectral regions. Unfortunately, the requirement of accurate spectral matching poses a big challenge for the structure fabrication, while active tuning of the resonance for a given structure using external means like the electric gating significantly complicates the system. In this work, we propose to circumvent the problem by making use of quasi-guided modes which feature both ultra-high Q factors and wavevector-dependent resonances over a large operating bandwidth. These modes are supported in a distorted photonic lattice, whose band structure is formed above the light line due to the band-folding effect. The advantage and flexibility of this scheme in terahertz sensing are elucidated and exemplified by using a compound grating structure on a silicon slab waveguide to achieve the detection of a nanometer scale α-lactose film. The spectral matching between the leaky resonance and the α-lactose absorption frequency at 529.2 GHz by changing the incident angle is demonstrated using a flawed structure which exhibits a detuned resonance at normal incidence. Based on the high dependence of the transmittance at the resonance on the thickness of α-lactose, our results show it is possible to achieve an exclusive detection of α-lactose with the effective sensing of thickness as small as 0.5 nm.
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7
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Zhan X, Liu Y, Chen Z, Luo J, Yang S, Yang X. Revolutionary approaches for cancer diagnosis by terahertz-based spectroscopy and imaging. Talanta 2023; 259:124483. [PMID: 37019007 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Most tumors are easily missed and misdiagnosed due to the lack of specific clinical signs and symptoms in the early stage. Thus, an accurate, rapid and reliable early tumor detection method is highly desirable. The application of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging in biomedicine has made remarkable progress in the past two decades, which addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies and provides an alternative for early tumor diagnosis. Although issues such as size mismatch and strong absorption of THz waves by water have set hurdles for cancer diagnosis by THz technology, innovative materials and biosensors in recent years have led to possibilities for new THz biosensing and imaging methods. In this article, we reviewed the issues that need to be solved before THz technology is used for tumor-related biological sample detection and clinical auxiliary diagnosis. We focused on the recent research progress of THz technology, with an emphasis on biosensing and imaging. Finally, the application of THz spectroscopy and imaging for tumor diagnosis in clinical practice and the main challenges in this process were also mentioned. Collectively, THz-based spectroscopy and imaging reviewed here is envisioned as a cutting-edge approach for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Gastroenterology Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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8
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Ha T, Yoo D, Heo C, Vidal-Codina F, Nguyen NC, Sim KI, Park SH, Cha W, Park S, Peraire J, Kim TT, Lee YH, Oh SH. Subwavelength Terahertz Resonance Imaging (STRING) for Molecular Fingerprinting. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:10200-10207. [PMID: 36507551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength terahertz (THz) imaging methods are highly desirable for biochemical sensing as well as materials sciences, yet sensitive spectral fingerprinting is still challenging in the frequency domain due to weak light-matter interactions. Here, we demonstrate subwavelength THz resonance imaging (STRING) that overcomes this limitation to achieve ultrasensitive molecular fingerprinting. STRING combines individual ring-shaped coaxial single resonators with near-field spectroscopy, yielding considerable sensitivity gains from both local field enhancement and the near-field effect. As an initial demonstration, we obtained spectral fingerprints from isomers of α-lactose and maltose monohydrates, achieving sensitivity that was enhanced by up to 10 orders of magnitude compared to far-field THz measurements with pelletized samples. Our results show that the STRING platform could enable the development of THz spectroscopy as a practical and sensitive tool for the fingerprinting and spectral imaging of molecules and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Ha
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ferran Vidal-Codina
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Ngoc-Cuong Nguyen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Kyung Ik Sim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Wujoon Cha
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaime Peraire
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Teun-Teun Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
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Xiao M, Lang T, Ren Z, Hong Z, Shen C, Zhang J, Cen W, Yu Z. Flexible graphene-based metamaterial sensor for highly sensitive detection of bovine serum albumin. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:10574-10581. [PMID: 36607120 DOI: 10.1364/ao.476391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A graphene-based metamaterial sensor working in the terahertz spectrum is proposed, simulated, and experimentally verified by measuring bovine serum albumin (BSA). Flexible, low-cost polyimide (PI) is used as the substrate, and aluminum with periodic square rings is chosen as the metal layer. Furthermore, the introduction of the graphene monolayer interacts with the molecules through π-π stacking, resulting in the highly sensitive detection of BSA by calculating the amplitude changes at the resonance frequency. The sensor, which is a biosensor platform that offers the advantages of a small size, high sensitivity, and easy fabrication, is a promising method for THz biological detection.
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Han Y, Bian X, Liang M, Li T, Zhu L, Zhao X, You R. Terahertz Enhanced Sensing of Uric Acid Based on Metallic Slot Array Metamaterial. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1902. [PMID: 36363923 PMCID: PMC9694246 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme-free terahertz uric acid sensor based on a metallic slot array metamaterial was proposed and realized both theoretically and experimentally. The sensing model was verified in simulation and femtosecond laser processing technology was employed to ablate slots in the copper plate to fabricate metamaterials. Analytes were tested with liquid phase deposition on the metamaterial by a terahertz frequency domain spectroscopy system. Gradient concentrations of uric acid, ascorbic acid, and a mixture of them were measured separately with a good linear response. A significant decrease in sensitivity was observed in the ascorbic acid assay compared with the uric acid assay. The test results of the mixture also proved that our device is resistant to ascorbic acid. It is a simple and effective method for monitoring uric acid concentrations and the strategy of eliminating interference while modulating the resonance peak location mentioned here can be rationally projected for the development of other sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaomeng Bian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Misheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Tianshu Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Lianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui You
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Sun L, Xu L, Wang J, Jiao Y, Ma Z, Ma Z, Chang C, Yang X, Wang R. A pixelated frequency-agile metasurface for broadband terahertz molecular fingerprint sensing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9681-9685. [PMID: 35723251 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) plasmonic resonance based on an arbitrarily designed resonance metasurface is the key technique of choice for enhancing fingerprint absorption spectroscopy identification of biomolecules. Here, we report a broadband THz micro-photonics sensor based on a pixelated frequency-agile metasurface and illustrate its application ability to enhance and differentiate the detection of broadband absorption fingerprint spectra. The design uses symmetrical metal C-shape resonators with the functional graphene micro-ribbons selectively patterned into the gaps. A strong electric resonance with a high quality factor was formed, consisting of an electric dipole mode associated with the excitation of a dark toroidal dipole (TD) mode through the coupling from the electric dipole moment of the individual frequency-agile meta-unit. The resonance positions are nearly linearly modulated with the varying Fermi level of graphene. The configuration arranges a certain metapixel of the metasurface to multiple response spectra assembling a one-to-many mapping between spatial and spectral information which is instrumental in greatly shrinking the actual size of the sensor. By the synchronous regulation of graphene and C-shape rings, we have obtained highly surface-sensitive resonances over a wide spectral range (∼1.5 THz) with a spectral resolution less than 20 GHz. The target multiple enhanced absorption spectrum of glucose molecules is read out in a broadband region with high sensitivity. More importantly, the design can be extended to cover a larger spectral region by altering the range of geometrical parameters. Our microphotonic technique can resolve absorption fingerprints without the need for spectrometry and frequency scanning, thereby providing an approach for highly sensitive and versatile miniaturized THz spectroscopy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Sun
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanan Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghong Ma
- The Science and Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education, China
| | - Zhaofu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Amarloo H, Safavi-Naeini S. Enhanced on-chip terahertz vibrational absorption spectroscopy using evanescent fields in silicon waveguide structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:17343-17352. [PMID: 34154279 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate on-chip terahertz absorption spectroscopy using dielectric waveguide structures. The structures' evanescent fields interact with the sample material surrounding the waveguide, enabling the absorption signature of the material to be captured. The ability of fabricated terahertz dielectric waveguide structures, based on the newly developed silicon-BCB-quartz platform, to capture the fingerprint of α-lactose powder (as an example material) at 532 GHz is examined. Enhancement of the spectroscopy sensitivity through techniques such as tapering the waveguide, confining the field in a slot dielectric waveguide, and increasing the interaction length using a spiral-shaped waveguide are investigated experimentally. The proposed on-chip spectroscopy structures outperform conventional and state-of-the-art approaches in terms of sensitivity and compactness.
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13
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Ma Y, Li J, Han Z, Maeda H, Ma Y. Bragg-Mirror-Assisted High-Contrast Plasmonic Interferometers: Concept and Potential in Terahertz Sensing. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071385. [PMID: 32708603 PMCID: PMC7407300 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A Bragg-mirror-assisted terahertz (THz) high-contrast and broadband plasmonic interferometer is proposed and theoretically investigated for potential sensing applications. The central microslit couples the incident THz wave into unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) waves travelling to the bilateral Bragg gratings, where they are totally reflected over a wide wavelength range back towards the microslit. The properties of interference between the SPPs waves and transmitted THz wave are highly dependent on the surrounding material, offering a flexible approach for the realization of refractive index (RI) detection. The systematic study reveals that the proposed interferometric sensor possesses wavelength sensitivity as high as 167 μm RIU-1 (RIU: RI unit). More importantly, based on the intensity interrogation method, an ultrahigh Figure-of-Merit (FoM) of 18,750% RIU-1, surpassing that of previous plasmonic sensors, is obtained due to the high-contrast of interference pattern. The results also demonstrated that the proposed sensors are also quite robust against the oblique illumination. It is foreseen the proposed configuration may open up new horizons in developing THz plasmonic sensing platforms and next-generation integrated THz circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqiao Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Zhanghua Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China;
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan;
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 2X4, Canada;
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Wang C, Huang Y, Zhou R, Xie L, Ying Y. Rapid analysis of a doxycycline hydrochloride solution by metallic mesh device-based reflection terahertz spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:12001-12010. [PMID: 32403701 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has the advantages of non-ionization and spectroscopic fingerprint, which can be used for biological and chemical compound analysis. However, because of the strong absorption of water in the THz region, it is still a challenge for THz waves to realize aqueous solution detection. In this study, taking a doxycycline hydrochloride (DCH) aqueous solution as the target, we proposed a THz metallic mesh device (MMD) based reflection platform for the first time for sensing. The angle characteristics of the THz MMD was investigated through numerical simulations and experimental measurements to get an optimized configuration for the platform. When the projection of THz electric field polarization onto the MMD plane gets parallel to latitudinal direction of the MMD apertures, a strong resonant surface mode can be achieved, and our proposed platform can be successfully used to detect the DCH solution with a concentration as low as 1 mg L-1. The sensing mechanism of our platform was also explored by analyzing the influences of the immersion depth into the MMD holes and the extinction coefficient of droplets on the reflection spectra. Our work presents a rapid, low-cost, and practical platform for antibiotic solution sensing using THz radiation, which opens new avenues for the microanalysis of chemicals or biomolecules in strongly absorptive solutions in the THz region.
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15
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Qin J, Cheng W, Han B, Du Y, Han Z, Zhao Z. Ultrasensitive detection of saccharides using terahertz sensor based on metallic nano-slits. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3712. [PMID: 32111980 PMCID: PMC7048833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unambiguous identification of trace amounts of biochemical molecules in a complex background using terahertz spectroscopy is extremely challenging owing to the extremely small absorption cross sections of these molecules in the terahertz regime. Herein, we numerically propose a terahertz nonresonant nano-slits structure that serves as a powerful sensor. The structure exhibits strongly enhanced electric field in the slits (five orders of magnitude), as well as high transmittance over an extra-wide frequency range that covers the characteristic frequencies of most molecules. Fingerprint features of lactose and maltose are clearly detected using this slits structure, indicating that this structure can be used to identify different saccharides without changing its geometrical parameters. The absorption signal strengths of lactose and maltose with a thickness of 200 nm are strongly enhanced by factors of 52.5 and 33.4, respectively. This structure is very sensitive to thin thickness and is suitable for the detection of trace sample, and the lactose thickness can be predicted on the basis of absorption signal strength when the thickness is less than 250 nm. The detection of a mixture of lactose and maltose indicates that this structure can also achieve multi-sensing which is very difficult to realize by using the resonant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyuan Qin
- Center for Terahertz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Center for Terahertz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Baojuan Han
- Center for Terahertz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yong Du
- Center for Terahertz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhanghua Han
- Advanced Launching Co-innovation Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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16
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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Qin J, Liu H, Liu A, Xu M. Rapid in situ analysis of l-histidine and α-lactose in dietary supplements by fingerprint peaks using terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy. Talanta 2020; 208:120469. [PMID: 31816746 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, green and nondestructive method based on terahertz fingerprint peaks has been developed for rapid in situ analysis of l-histidine and α-lactose in dietary supplements. Fingerprint absorption peaks of l-histidine and α-lactose located at 0.77 and 0.53 THz could be directly used for identification and quantitation of these analytes in commercial dietary supplements. Compared with the partial least squares regression model (PLSR), the linear least squares regression (LLSR) method based on peak areas presented better performance, with the linear correlation coefficients of 0.9899 and 0.9910 for l-histidine and α-lactose, respectively. Furthermore, analysis time per sample can be shortened to less than 1 min due to the narrower spectral acquisition region. The accuracies were 94.8-110% and 98.9-110%, comparable to those of ion chromatography for l-histidine and high-performance liquid chromatography for α-lactose. The results presented great potential of the developed method for rapid in situ analysis of nutrients in dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Jianyuan Qin
- Centre for Terahertz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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