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Dwivedi S, Arachchige DL, Olowolagba AM, Mahmoud M, Pandey S, Vohs T, Liu H, Luck RL. Near-Infrared Ratiometric Hemicyanine Fluorescent Probes for Monitoring Mitochondrial pH Dynamics in Live Cells during Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:42049-42060. [PMID: 39398167 PMCID: PMC11465658 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c07303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Novel near-infrared ratiometric molecules (probes A and B) produced by linking formyl-functionalized xanthene and methoxybenzene moieties, respectively, onto a xanthene-hemicyanine framework are detailed. Probe A exhibited a primary absorption peak at 780 nm and a shoulder peak at 730 nm and exhibited fluorescence at 740 nm↓ (signifies a downward shift in intensity upon acidification) in a pH 9.3 buffer and 780 nm↑ at pH 2.8 under excitation at 700 nm. Probe B featured absorptions at 618 and 668 nm at pH 3.2 and at 717 nm at pH 8.6, and fluorescence at 693 nm↑ at pH 3.2 and at 739 nm↓ at pH 8.6, in mostly the red to near-IR region. The ratiometric changes in the intensity of the fluorescent absorptions were reversed between A and B upon acidification as indicated by the arrows. Theoretical calculations confirmed that there were slight changes in conformation between probes and the protonated molecules, suggesting that the changes in emission spectra were due mostly to conjugation effects. Calculations at the APFD/6-311+g(d,p) level with a solvent described by the polarizable continuum model resulted in pK a values for A at 6.33 and B at 6.41, in good agreement with the experimentally determined value of 6.97 and an average of 6.40, respectively. The versatilities of the probes were demonstrated in various experimental contexts, including the effective detection of mitochondrial pH fluctuations. Live cell experiments involving exposure to different pH buffers in the presence of H+ ionophores, monitoring mitophagy processes during cell starvation, studying hypoxia induced by CoCl2 treatment, and investigating responses to various oxidative stresses are detailed. Our findings highlight the potential of attaching xanthene and methoxybenzaldehyde groups onto xanthene-hemicyanine structures as versatile tools for monitoring pH changes in a variety of cellular environments and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil
K. Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Subash Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Tara Vohs
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L. Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Schniererová K, Janeková H, Joniak J, Putala M, Štacko P, Stankovičová H. pH-Responsive Aminobenzocoumarins as Fluorescent Probes for Biological Acidity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400111. [PMID: 38470944 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of pH plays an essential role in orchestrating the delicate cellular machinery responsible for life as we know it. Its abnormal values are indicative of aberrant cellular behavior and associated with pathologies including cancer progression or solid tumors. Here, we report a series of bent and linear aminobenzocoumarins decorated with different substituents. We investigate their photophysical properties and demonstrate that the probes display strong pH-responsive fluorescence "turn on" behavior in highly acidic environments, with enhancement up to 300-fold. In combination with their low cytotoxicity, this behavior enabled their application in bioimaging of acidic lysosomes in live human cells. We believe that these molecules serve as attractive lead structures for future rational design of novel biocompatible fluorescent pH probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schniererová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Janeková
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Joniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Putala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henrieta Stankovičová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Rajput D, Pradhan N, Mansuri S, Soppina V, Kanvah S. A multipurpose mitochondrial NIR probe for imaging ferroptosis and mitophagy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4698-4707. [PMID: 38652007 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper explores the use of a di-cationic fluorophore for visualizing mitochondria in live cells independent of membrane potential. Through the synthesized di-cationic fluorophore, we investigate the monitoring of viscosity, ferroptosis, stress-induced mitophagy, and lysosomal uptake of damaged mitochondria. The designed fluorophore is based on DQAsomes, cationic vesicles responsible for transporting drugs and DNA to mitochondria. The symmetric fluorophores possess two charge centres separated by an alkyl chain and are distinguished by a pyridinium group for mitochondrial selectivity, the C-12 alkyl substitution for membrane affinity, and an electron donor-π-acceptor fluorescent scaffold for intramolecular charge transfer. The synthesized fluorophores, PP and NP, emit wavelengths exceeding 600 nm, with a significant Stokes shift (130-211 nm), and NP demonstrates near-infrared emission (∼690 nm). Our study underscores the potential of these fluorophores for live-cell imaging, examining physiological responses such as viscosity and ferroptosis, and highlights their utility in investigating mitophagy damage and lysosomal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Nachiket Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Shabnam Mansuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | - Virupakshi Soppina
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Liu C, Li X, Rong X, Li M, Yu M, Sheng W, Zhu B. The rational utilization of organelle microenvironment for imaging of lysosomal SO 2 with high fidelity. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341338. [PMID: 37257969 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more studies have linked the abnormal expression of active molecules in organelles with the occurrence of diseases, so there is an urgent need to develop tools for detecting active molecules in specific organelles. However, the recognition receptors of most organelle-targeting probes currently developed always remain active, which easily causes them to react with the analyte in the cytoplasm, thus misjudging the role of the analyte in the physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a new strategy for the design of probes capable of high-fidelity imaging of the analyte in specific organelles. Herein, we propose a new strategy that the activation of recognition receptors that can be triggered by the microenvironment of targeting organelles. Based on this strategy, we develop a novel lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe (Lyso-SO2) for imaging of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with high-fidelity in lysosomes. The inert probe is activated by the acidic environment in the lysosome and then responds quickly (<2 s) and sensitively (LOD = 0.34 μM) to SO2. This paradigm by taking full advantage of the features of the organelle microenvironment provides a promising methodology for developing organelle-targeting probes for high-fidelity imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Xiwei Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaodi Rong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Miaohui Yu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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Wang L, Zhao C, Zheng T, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang X, Tang X, Zhao B, Liu P. Torin 1 alleviates impairment of TFEB-mediated lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy in TGFBI (p.G623_H626del)-linked Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy. Autophagy 2022; 18:765-782. [PMID: 34403298 PMCID: PMC9037417 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1955469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy (TBCD) is an epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy caused by mutations in the TGFBI (transforming growth factor beta induced) gene, though the underlying mechanisms and pathogenesis of TBCD are still obscure. The study identifies a novel mutation in the TGFBI gene (p.Gly623_His626del) in a TBCD pedigree. Characteristics of the typical vacuole formation, irregular corneal epithelial thickening and thinning, deposition of eosinophilic substances beneath the epithelium, and involvement of the anterior stroma were observed in this pedigree via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and histological staining. Tgfbi-p.Gly623_Tyr626del mouse models of TBCD were subsequently generated via CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and the above characteristics were further verified via TEM and histological staining. Lysosomal dysfunction and downregulation of differential expression protein CTSD (cathepsin D) were observed using LysoTracker Green DND-26 and proteomic analysis, respectively. Hence, lysosomal dysfunction probably leads to autophagic flux obstruction in TBCD; this was supported by enhanced LC3-II and SQSTM1 levels and decreased CTSD. TFEB (transcription factor EB) was prominently decreased in TBCD corneal fibroblasts and administration of ATP-competitive MTOR inhibitor torin 1 reversed this decline, resulting in the degradation of accumulated mut-TGFBI (mutant TGFBI protein) via the ameliorative lysosomal function and autophagic flux owing to elevated TFEB activity as measured by western blot, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Transfected HEK 293 cells overexpressing human full-length WT-TGFBI and mut-TGFBI were generated to further verify the results obtained in human corneal fibroblasts. Amelioration of lysosome dysfunction may therefore have therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of TBCD.Abbreviations AS-OCT: anterior segment optical coherence tomography; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CTSF: cathepsin F; CTSL: cathepsin L; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; ECM: extracellular matrix; Fas1: fasciclin 1; FC: flow cytometry; GAPDH: glyceraldeyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GCD2: granular corneal dystrophy type 2; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein; MT: mutation type; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; mut-TGFBI: mutant TGFBI protein; SD: standard deviation; TBCD: Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TGFBI: transforming growth factor beta induced; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuchu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanruo Liu
- The Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianling Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baowen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Wang K, Wang XY, Gao GJ, Wang MN, Yu YY, Xing S, Zhu B. pH-Triggered Transition from Micellar Aggregation to a Host-Guest Complex Accompanied by a Color Change. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2145-2152. [PMID: 35107017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A pH-triggered transition from micellar aggregation to a host-guest complex was achieved based on the supramolecular interactions between calixpyridinium and pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ-2Na) accompanied by a color change. Our design has the following three advantages: (1) a regular spherical micellar assembly is fabricated by the supramolecular interactions between calixpyridinium and PQQ-2Na at pH 6 in an aqueous solution, (2) increasing the pH can lead to a transition from micellar aggregation to a host-guest complex due to the deprotonation of calixpyridinium, and at the same time (3) increasing the pH can lead to a color change owing to the deprotonation of calixpyridinium and the complexation of deprotonated calixpyridinium with PQQ-2Na. Benefitting from the low toxicity of calixpyridinium and PQQ-2Na, this pH-induced transition from micellar aggregation to a host-guest complex was further studied as a controllable-release model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jie Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Mi-Ni Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Siyang Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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7
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Ratiometric two-photon fluorescence probes for sensing, imaging and biomedicine applications at living cell and small animal levels. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Yin J, Huang L, Wu L, Li J, James TD, Lin W. Small molecule based fluorescent chemosensors for imaging the microenvironment within specific cellular regions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12098-12150. [PMID: 34550134 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment (local environment), including viscosity, temperature, polarity, hypoxia, and acidic-basic status (pH), plays indispensable roles in cellular processes. Significantly, organelles require an appropriate microenvironment to perform their specific physiological functions, and disruption of the microenvironmental homeostasis could lead to malfunctions of organelles, resulting in disorder and disease development. Consequently, monitoring the microenvironment within specific organelles is vital to understand organelle-related physiopathology. Over the past few years, many fluorescent probes have been developed to help reveal variations in the microenvironment within specific cellular regions. Given that a comprehensive understanding of the microenvironment in a particular cellular region is of great significance for further exploration of life events, a thorough summary of this topic is urgently required. However, there has not been a comprehensive and critical review published recently on small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors for the cellular microenvironment. With this review, we summarize the recent progress since 2015 towards small-molecule based fluorescent probes for imaging the microenvironment within specific cellular regions, including the mitochondria, lysosomes, lipid drops, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, nucleus, cytoplasmic matrix and cell membrane. Further classifications at the suborganelle level, according to detection of microenvironmental factors by probes, including polarity, viscosity, temperature, pH and hypoxia, are presented. Notably, in each category, design principles, chemical synthesis, recognition mechanism, fluorescent signals, and bio-imaging applications are summarized and compared. In addition, the limitations of the current microenvironment-sensitive probes are analyzed and the prospects for future developments are outlined. In a nutshell, this review comprehensively summarizes and highlights recent progress towards small molecule based fluorescent probes for sensing and imaging the microenvironment within specific cellular regions since 2015. We anticipate that this summary will facilitate a deeper understanding of the topic and encourage research directed towards the development of probes for the detection of cellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Hande PE, Shelke YG, Datta A, Gharpure SJ. Recent Advances in Small Molecule-Based Intracellular pH Probes. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100448. [PMID: 34695287 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH plays an important role in many biological and pathological processes. Small-molecule based pH probes are found to be the most effective for pH sensing because of ease of preparation, high sensitivity, and quick response. They have many advantages such as small perturbation to the functions of the target, functional adaptability, cellular component-specific localization, etc. The present review highlights the flurry of recent activity in the development of such probes. The probes are categorized based on the type of fluorophore used like quinoline, coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, indolium, naphthalimide, etc., and their analytical performance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj E Hande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Yogesh G Shelke
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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10
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A carbon dots-based ratiometric fluorescence probe for monitoring intracellular pH and bioimaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tannert A, Garcia Lopez J, Petkov N, Ivanova A, Peneva K, Neugebauer U. Lysosome-targeting pH indicator based on peri-fused naphthalene monoimide with superior stability for long term live cell imaging. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:112-124. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02208j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal pH is altered in many pathophysiological conditions. We describe synthesis and spectral properties of a new lysosomal fluorescent marker dye suitable for microscopic evaluation of lysosomal distribution and pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Tannert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care
- Jena University Hospital
| | - Javier Garcia Lopez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Nikolay Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”
- Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”
- Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care
- Jena University Hospital
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12
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Benitez-Martin C, Guadix JA, Pearson JR, Najera F, Perez-Pomares JM, Perez-Inestrosa E. Indolenine-Based Derivatives as Customizable Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for pH Bioimaging in Living Cells. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1068-1074. [PMID: 32227860 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel pH probes based on 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indole have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds display excellent "off-on" fluorescence responses to acidic pH especially under two-photon (TP) excitation conditions as well as strong selectivity and sensitivity toward H+. These features are supported by fluorescence quantum yields over 35%, TP cross sections ∼60 GM, and good resistance to photodegradation under acidic conditions. The synthetic versatility of this model allows subcellular targets to be tuned through minor scaffold modifications without affecting its optical characteristics. The effectiveness of the probes' innate photophysical properties and the structural modifications for different pH-related applications are demonstrated in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Benitez-Martin
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnologı́a-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Juan A. Guadix
- Departamento de Biologı́a Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnologı́a-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - John R. Pearson
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnologı́a-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Francisco Najera
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnologı́a-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Jose M. Perez-Pomares
- Departamento de Biologı́a Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnologı́a-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnologı́a-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga 29071, Spain
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