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Zhang T, Zhou P, Simon T, Cui T. Internal flow in sessile droplets induced by substrate oscillation: towards enhanced mixing and mass transfer in microfluidic systems. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:86. [PMID: 38919162 PMCID: PMC11196738 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of flows within sessile droplets is highly effective for many lab-on-a-chip chemical and biomedical applications. However, generating such flows is difficult due to the typically small droplet volumes. Here, we present a simple, non-contact strategy to generate internal flows in sessile droplets for enhancing mixing and mass transport. The flows are driven by actuating a rigid substrate into oscillation with certain amplitude distributions without relying on the resonance of the droplet itself. Substrate oscillation characteristics and corresponding flow patterns are documented herein. Mixing indices and mass transfer coefficients of sessile droplets on the substrate surface are measured using optical and electrochemical methods. They demonstrate complete mixing within the droplets in 1.35 s and increases in mass transfer rates of more than seven times static values. Proof of concept was conducted with experiments of silver nanoparticle synthesis and with heavy metal ion sensing employing the sessile droplet as a microreactor for synthesis and an electrochemical cell for sensing. The degrees of enhancement of synthesis efficiency and detection sensitivity attributed to the internal flows are experimentally documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Terrence Simon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Tianhong Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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2
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Chen X, Duan X, Gao Y. Recent Advances in Acoustofluidics for Point-of-Care Testing. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300489. [PMID: 37926688 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) has played important role in clinical diagnostics, environmental assessment, chemical and biological analyses, and food and chemical processing due to its faster turnaround compared to laboratory testing. Dedicated manipulations of solutions or particles are generally required to develop POCT technologies that achieve a "sample-in-answer-out" operation. With the development of micro- and nanotechnology, many tools have been developed for sample preparation, on-site analysis and solution manipulations (mixing, pumping, valving, etc.). Among these approaches, the use of acoustic waves to manipulate fluids and particles (named acoustofluidics) has been applied in many researches. This review focuses on the recent developments in acoustofluidics for POCT. It starts with the fundamentals of different acoustic manipulation techniques and then lists some of representative examples to highlight each method in practical POC applications. Looking toward the future, a compact, portable, highly integrated, low power, and biocompatible technique is anticipated to simultaneously achieve precise manipulation of small targets and multimodal manipulation in POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, East Beisanhuan Road 18, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, East Beisanhuan Road 18, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
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3
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Lou C, Yang H, Hou Y, Huang H, Qiu J, Wang C, Sang Y, Liu H, Han L. Microfluidic Platforms for Real-Time In Situ Monitoring of Biomarkers for Cellular Processes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307051. [PMID: 37844125 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular processes are mechanisms carried out at the cellular level that are aimed at guaranteeing the stability of the organism they comprise. The investigation of cellular processes is key to understanding cell fate, understanding pathogenic mechanisms, and developing new therapeutic technologies. Microfluidic platforms are thought to be the most powerful tools among all methodologies for investigating cellular processes because they can integrate almost all types of the existing intracellular and extracellular biomarker-sensing methods and observation approaches for cell behavior, combined with precisely controlled cell culture, manipulation, stimulation, and analysis. Most importantly, microfluidic platforms can realize real-time in situ detection of secreted proteins, exosomes, and other biomarkers produced during cell physiological processes, thereby providing the possibility to draw the whole picture for a cellular process. Owing to their advantages of high throughput, low sample consumption, and precise cell control, microfluidic platforms with real-time in situ monitoring characteristics are widely being used in cell analysis, disease diagnosis, pharmaceutical research, and biological production. This review focuses on the basic concepts, recent progress, and application prospects of microfluidic platforms for real-time in situ monitoring of biomarkers in cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hou
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Haina Huang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
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Zheng L, Hart N, Zeng Y. Micro-/nanoscale robotics for chemical and biological sensing. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3741-3767. [PMID: 37496448 PMCID: PMC10530003 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00404j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of micro-/nanorobotics has attracted extensive interest from a variety of research communities and witnessed enormous progress in a broad array of applications ranging from basic research to global healthcare and to environmental remediation and protection. In particular, micro-/nanoscale robots provide an enabling platform for the development of next-generation chemical and biological sensing modalities, owing to their unique advantages as programmable, self-sustainable, and/or autonomous mobile carriers to accommodate and promote physical and chemical processes. In this review, we intend to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art development in this area and share our perspective in the future trend. This review starts with a general introduction of micro-/nanorobotics and the commonly used methods for propulsion of micro-/nanorobots in solution, along with the commonly used methods in their fabrication. Next, we comprehensively summarize the current status of the micro/nanorobotic research in relevance to chemical and biological sensing (e.g., motion-based sensing, optical sensing, and electrochemical sensing). Following that, we provide an overview of the primary challenges currently faced in the micro-/nanorobotic research. Finally, we conclude this review by providing our perspective detailing the future application of soft robotics in chemical and biological sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Nathan Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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Ilyas A, Dyussupova A, Sultangaziyev A, Shevchenko Y, Filchakova O, Bukasov R. SERS immuno- and apta-assays in biosensing/bio-detection: Performance comparison, clinical applications, challenges. Talanta 2023; 265:124818. [PMID: 37453393 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is increasingly used as a sensitive bioanalytical tool for detection of variety of analytes ranging from viruses and bacteria to cancer biomarkers and toxins, etc. This comprehensive review describes principles of operation and compares the performance of immunoassays and aptamer assays with Surface Enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection to each other and to some other bioassay methods, including ELISA and fluorescence assays. Both immuno- and aptamer-based assays are categorized into assay on solid substrates, assays with magnetic nanoparticles and assays in laminar flow or/and strip assays. The best performing and recent examples of assays in each category are described in the text and illustrated in the figures. The average performance, particularly, limit of detection (LOD) for each of those methods reflected in 9 tables of the manuscript and average LODs are calculated and compared. We found out that, on average, there is some advantage in terms of LOD for SERS immunoassays (0.5 pM median LOD of 88 papers) vs SERS aptamer-based assays (1.7 pM median LOD of 51 papers). We also tabulated and analyzed the clinical performance of SERS immune and aptamer assays, where selectivity, specificity, and accuracy are reported, we summarized the best examples. We also reviewed challenges to SERS bioassay performance and real-life application, including non-specific protein binding, nanoparticle aggregation, limited nanotag stability, sometimes, relatively long time to results, etc. The proposed solutions to those challenges are also discussed in the review. Overall, this review may be interesting not only to bioanalytical chemist, but to medical and life science researchers who are interested in improvement of bioanalyte detection and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ilyas
- Department of Chemistry, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Yegor Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Olena Filchakova
- Department of Biology, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Department of Chemistry, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Chen Y, Gao D, Zhu Q, Chu B, Peng J, Wang J, Liu L, Jiang Y. Rapid exosome isolation and in situ multiplexed detection of exosomal surface proteins and microRNAs on microfluidic platform. Analyst 2023; 148:2387-2394. [PMID: 37129052 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are considered as promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the majority of the research studies focused on a single type of exosomal biomarkers, which cannot comprehensively reflect the state of cancer for accurate diagnosis. To address this problem, we presented a ship-shaped microfluidic device containing a microcolumn array for simultaneous in situ detection of exosomal surface proteins and miRNAs. Exosomes were first captured in the microchannels modified with CD63 protein aptamer. Exosomal surface proteins and miRNAs were simultaneously detected in four parallel channels to avoid the interference of fluorescent signals using specific aptamers labeled by Cy5 and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) based signal amplification strategy. The limit of detection for multiplexed markers in exosomes was 83 exosomes per μL, which is comparable to previously reported methods. Through quantitative analysis of two disease-specific surface proteins and miRNAs derived from different cancer cells and clinical serum samples, different cancer subtypes as well as cancer patients and healthy people could be significantly distinguished. These results suggest that this simple, highly sensitive, and more accurate analytical strategy by simultaneous in situ profiling of different types of exosomal biomarkers has potential applications in cancer diagnosis and stage monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Qingyun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bizhu Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Uni-versity of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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Lu Y, Tan W, Liu Z, Mu S, Zhu G. Degeneration of flow pattern in acousto-elastic flow through sharp-edge microchannels. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106390. [PMID: 37003213 PMCID: PMC10457586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic streaming (AS) is the steady time-averaged flow generated by acoustic field, which has been widely used in enhancing mixing and particle manipulation. Current researches on acoustic streaming mainly focus on Newtonian fluids, while many biological and chemical solutions exhibit non-Newtonian properties. The acoustic streaming in viscoelastic fluids has been studied experimentally for the first time in this paper. We found that the addition of polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer to the Newtonian fluid significantly altered the flow characteristics in the microchannel. The resulting acousto-elastic flow showed two modes: positive mode and negative mode. Specifically, the viscoelastic fluids under acousto-elastic flow exhibit mixing hysteresis features at low flow rates, and degeneration of flow pattern at high flow rates. Through quantitative analysis, the degeneration of flow pattern is further summarized as time fluctuation and spatial disturbance range reduction. The positive mode in acousto-elastic flow can be used for the mixing enhancement of viscoelastic fluids in the micromixer, while the negative mode provides a potential method for particle/cell manipulation in viscoelastic body fluids such as saliva by suppressing unstable flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Wei Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Shuoshuo Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Guorui Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China.
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8
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Gao Q, Yang Z, Zhu R, Wang J, Xu P, Liu J, Chen X, Yan Z, Peng Y, Wang Y, Zheng H, Cai F, Wang W. Ultrasonic Steering Wheels: Turning Micromotors by Localized Acoustic Microstreaming. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4729-4739. [PMID: 36815761 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to steer micromotors in specific directions and at precise speeds is highly desired for their use in complex environments. However, a generic steering strategy that can be applied to micromotors of all types and surface coatings is yet to be developed. Here, we report that ultrasound of ∼100 kHz can spin a spherical micromotor so that it turns left or right when moving forward, or that it moves in full circles. The direction and angular speeds of their spinning and the radii of circular trajectories are precisely tunable by varying ultrasound voltages and frequencies, as well as particle properties such as its radius, materials, and coating thickness. Such spinning is hypothesized to originate from the circular microstreaming flows localized around a solid microsphere vibrating in ultrasound. In addition to causing a micromotor to spin, such streaming flows also helped release cargos from a micromotor during a capture-transport-release mission. Localized microstreaming does not depend on or interference with a specific propulsion mechanism and can steer a wide variety of micromotors. This work suggests that ultrasound can be used to steer microrobots in complex, biologically relevant environments as well as to steer microorganisms and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruitong Zhu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengzhao Xu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuyao Yan
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixin Peng
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiyan Cai
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Lu Y, Tan W, Mu S, Zhu G. A multi-vortex micromixer based on the synergy of acoustics and inertia for nanoparticle synthesis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340742. [PMID: 36628735 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mixing is one of the most important steps in chemical reaction, sample preparation and emulsification. However, achieving complete mixing of fluids at high throughput is still a challenge for acoustic micromixers, which are limited by the intensity of the acoustic streaming. In this study, we proposed an acoustic-inertial micromixer based on multi-vortex synergy by introducing inertia into acoustic micromixer. The device contains side-wall sharp-edge structure and contraction-expansion array structure (SCEA) in the microchannel to enhance the acoustic streaming with inertial vortices. The mixing mechanism of SCEA was explored and the mixing process showed three modes: acoustic streaming dominant mode, acoustic-inertial synergy mode and inertial vortex dominant mode. On the basis of the "vortex seed" provided by the contraction-expansion structure, stronger chaotic advection was produced by the synergy of acoustic streaming and inertial vortices (including Dean vortex and horizontal vortex). Rapider mixing (0.20 m s) and wider operating ranges (0-3000 μL/min) were achieved in SCEA at lower driving voltages compared with conventional acoustic micromixers. Finally, more homogeneous and tunable chitosan nanoparticles and shellac nanoparticles were synthesized based on this device. The micromorphology, particle size distribution and drug loading properties of the products were measured and compared. This work provides a platform for control of mixing process in specific application environments with high operational flexibility, indicating potentially wider application of SCEA in multi-functional integration of lab-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Wei Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
| | - Shuoshuo Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Guorui Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China.
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A microfluidic chemiluminescence biosensor based on multiple signal amplification for rapid and sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ashraf G, Zhong ZT, Asif M, Aziz A, Song L, Zhang S, Liu B, Chen W, Zhao YD. Extension of duplex specific nuclease sensing application with RNA aptamer. Talanta 2022; 242:123314. [PMID: 35182839 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Duplex specific nuclease (DSN) that can precisely cleave DNA portion in double-stranded DNA or DNA-RNA hybrid has engrossed immense attention owing to its great potential in emerging bioanalytical applications. Here, we present a novel approach to extend DSN sensing application by coupling RNA aptamer. Specially designed RNA ligand sequences are used to capture the target and simultaneously provide complementary sequences of DNA for DSN aided fluorescent signal enhancement. A clotting enzyme, thrombin, has been used as a model analyte. One RNA aptamer combined with the target molecule can generate fluorescent signals through cleavage of hybridized TaqMan DNA probe (P2) by DSN. The proposed assay has achieved the lowest detection limit of 0.039 pM. The assay has been applied for real-time detection of thrombin release from live cells and other biotic media for early disease diagnosis. The developed method is versatile and can detect various other targets by choosing the relevant aptamer and probe sequences. This method is promising to be applied to medical diagnosis, biosensing, food safety, environmental monitoring, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Ashraf
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zi-Tao Zhong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Ayesha Aziz
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Laibo Song
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics (HUST), Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, PR China.
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12
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Wang Y, Liu X, Chen C, Chen Y, Li Y, Ye H, Wang B, Chen H, Guo J, Ma X. Magnetic Nanorobots as Maneuverable Immunoassay Probes for Automated and Efficient Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ACS NANO 2022; 16:180-191. [PMID: 35015504 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a typical, classical, but powerful biochemical sensing technology in analytical chemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) shows excellence and wide practicability for quantifying analytes of ultralow concentration. However, long incubation time and burdensome laborious multistep washing processes make it inefficient and labor-intensive for conventional ELISA. Here, we propose rod-like magnetically driven nanorobots (MNRs) for use as maneuverable immunoassay probes that facilitate a strategy for an automated and highly efficient ELISA analysis, termed nanorobots enabled ELISA (nR-ELISA). To prepare the MNRs, the self-assembled chains of Fe3O4 magnetic particles are chemically coated with a thin layer of rigid silica oxide (SiO2), onto which capture antibody (Ab1) is grafted to further achieve magnetically maneuverable immunoassay probes (MNR-Ab1s). We investigate the fluid velocity distribution around the MNRs at microscale using numerical simulation and empirically identify the mixing efficiency of the actively rotating MNRs. To automate the analysis process, we design and fabricate by 3-D printing a detection unit consisting of three function wells. The MNR-Ab1s can be steered into different function wells for required reaction or wishing process. The actively rotating MNR-Ab1s can enhance the binding efficacy with target analytes at microscale and greatly decrease incubation time. The integrated nR-ELISA system can significantly reduce the assay time, more importantly during which process manpower input is greatly minimized. Our simulation of the magnetic field distribution generated by Helmholtz coils demonstrates that our approach can be scaled up, which proves the feasibility of using current strategy to construct high throughput nR-ELISA detection instrument. This work of taking magnetic micro/nanobots as active immunoassay probes for automatic and efficient ELISA not only holds great potential for point-of-care testing (POCT) in future but also extends the practical applications of self-propelled micro/nanorobots into the field of analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chang Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuduo Chen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Heng Ye
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
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13
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Centner CS, Moore JT, Baxter ME, Long ZT, Miller JM, Kovatsenko ES, Xie B, Menze MA, Berson RE, Bates PJ, Yaddanapudi K, Kopechek JA. Acoustofluidic-mediated molecular delivery to human T cells with a three-dimensional-printed flow chamber. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:4534. [PMID: 34972278 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have garnered significant interest to treat cancer and other diseases. Acoustofluidic technologies are in development to improve cell therapy manufacturing by facilitating rapid molecular delivery across the plasma membrane via ultrasound and microbubbles (MBs). In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) printed acoustofluidic device was used to deliver a fluorescent molecule, calcein, to human T cells. Intracellular delivery of calcein was assessed after varying parameters such as MB face charge, MB concentration, flow channel geometry, ultrasound pressure, and delivery time point after ultrasound treatment. MBs with a cationic surface charge caused statistically significant increases in calcein delivery during acoustofluidic treatment compared to MBs with a neutral surface charge (p < 0.001). Calcein delivery was significantly higher with a concentric spiral channel geometry compared to a rectilinear channel geometry (p < 0.001). Additionally, calcein delivery was significantly enhanced at increased ultrasound pressures of 5.1 MPa compared to lower ultrasound pressures between 0-3.8 MPa (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that a 3D-printed acoustofluidic device can significantly enhance intracellular delivery of biomolecules to T cells, which may be a viable approach to advance cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S Centner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - John T Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Mary E Baxter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Zachary T Long
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Jacob M Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Xie
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Michael A Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - R Eric Berson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Paula J Bates
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kopechek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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14
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Muto Y, Hirao G, Zako T. Transcription-Based Amplified Colorimetric Thrombin Sensor Using Non-Crosslinking Aggregation of DNA-Modified Gold Nanoparticles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4318. [PMID: 34202605 PMCID: PMC8272040 DOI: 10.3390/s21134318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been employed as colorimetric biosensors due to the color difference between their dispersed (red) and aggregated (blue) states. Although signal amplification reactions triggered by structural changes of the ligands on AuNPs have been widely used to improve measurement sensitivity, the use of ligands is limited. In this study, we designed a AuNP-based signal-amplifying sandwich biosensor, which does not require a conformational change in the ligands. Thrombin was used as a model target, which is recognized by two different probes. In the presence of the target, an extension reaction occurs as a result of hybridization of the two probes. Then RNA synthesis is started by RNA polymerase activation due to RNA promoter duplex formation. The amplified RNA drives aggregation or dispersion of the AuNPs, and a difference of the color if the AuNP solution is observed. As this detection system does not require a conformational change in the ligand, it can be generically applied to a wide range ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Muto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (Y.M.); (G.H.)
- Tokyo Research Center, TOSOH Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase 252-1123, Japan
| | - Gen Hirao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (Y.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Tamotsu Zako
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; (Y.M.); (G.H.)
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