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Chamorro Cañon JD, Luna MA, Sabini MC, Molina PG, Correa NM. Electrochemical Characterization of the Encapsulation and Release of 5-Fluorouracil in Nanocarriers Formed from Soy Lecithin Vesicles. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5427-5436. [PMID: 38808516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic agent known for its low bioavailability and limited cellular penetration, often resulting in adverse effects on healthy cells. Thus, finding vehicles that enhance bioavailability, enable controlled release, and mitigate adverse effects is crucial. The study focuses on encapsulating 5-FU within soy lecithin vesicles (SLVs) and assessing its impact on the carrier's properties and functionality. Results show that incorporating 5-FU does not affect SLVs' size or polydispersity, even postlyophilization. Liberation of 5-FU from SLVs requires system disruption rather than spontaneous release, with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 43% determined using Square Wave Voltammetry. Cytotoxicity assays on colorectal cancer cells reveal SLV-based delivery's significant efficacy, surpassing free drug solution effects with 45% cell viability after 72 h vs 73% viability. The research addresses 5-FU's limited bioavailability by creating a biocompatible nanocarrier for efficient drug delivery, highlighting SLVs as promising for targeted cancer therapy due to sustained antiproliferative effects and improved cellular uptake. The study underscores the importance of tailored drug delivery systems in enhancing therapeutic outcomes and suggests SLV/5-FU formulations as a potential advancement in cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Chamorro Cañon
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS) (CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - M Alejandra Luna
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS) (CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - M Carola Sabini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Blvd de la Reforma and Enfermera Gordillo Gómez, C.P. X5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Patricia G Molina
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS) (CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - N Mariano Correa
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS) (CONICET-UNRC), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal # 3, C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Ranjbari S, Hatamluyi B, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Rezayi M, Arefinia R. A label-free electrochemical biosensor based on PBA-Au-MXene QD for miR-122 detection in serum samples. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:482. [PMID: 37999813 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A poly(n-butyl acrylate)-gold-MXene quantum dots (PBA-Au-MXene QD) nanocomposite-based biosensor is presented that is modified by unique antisense single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and uses the electrochemical detection methods of DPV, CV, and EIS to early detect miR-122 as a breast cancer biomarker in real clinical samples. This fabrication method is based on advanced nanotechnology, at which a poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) as a non-conductive polymer transforms into a conductive composite by incorporating Au-MXene QD. This biosensor had a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8 zM and a linear range from 0.001 aM to 1000 nM, making it capable of detecting the low concentrations of miR-122 in patient samples. Moreover, it allows approximately 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for miR-122 without extraction. The synthesis and detection characteristics were evaluated by different complementary tests such as AFM, FTIR, TEM, and FESEM. This new biosensor can have a high potential in clinical applications to detect breast cancer early and hence improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ranjbari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behnaz Hatamluyi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Arefinia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ketabi K, Soleimanjahi H, Teimoori A, Hatamluyi B, Rezayi M, Meshkat Z. Diagnostic genosensor for detection of rotavirus based on HFGNs/MXene/PPY signal amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:293. [PMID: 37458847 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel genosensor was developed for rotavirus specific cDNA sequence detection. The genosensor was comprised of hierarchical flower-like gold nanostructures, MXene, and polypyrrole (HFGNs/MXene/PPY) nanocomposite as a signal amplification tag, specific antisense ssDNA oligonucleotide as a recognition bioelement, and methylene blue (MB) as a redox marker. The morphological and electrochemical features of the biosensor were first tested and optimized and the high performance of the platform was confirmed in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. Then, 20 rotavirus RNA isolated from clinical and cell-cultured samples (10 positive and 10 negative confirmed by RT-PCR and electrophoresis methods) were evaluated by the genosensor. The analysis results revealed that the genosensor is able to differentiate successfully between the positive and negative control groups. The developed genosensor for rotavirus RNA detection presented an excellent limit of detection of ∼ 0.8 aM and a determination range of 10-18 and 10-7 M. In addition, the ssDNA/HFGNs/MXene/PPY/GCE showed high selectivity and long-term stability of ~ 24 days. Therefore, this novel genosensor would be of great benefit for the clinical diagnosis of rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Ketabi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 1411713116, Iran.
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Behnaz Hatamluyi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 1313191379, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 1313191379, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 1313191379, Iran.
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Li T, Zhang X, Gao X, Lin J, Zhao F, Zeng B. Sensitive dual-mode detection of carbendazim by molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on biomass-derived carbon-loaded gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:236. [PMID: 37219633 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A dual-mode electrochemical sensor was fabricated for carbendazim (CBD) detection. Biomass-derived carbon loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/BC) were firstly coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and then molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of o-aminophenol was prepared on the resulting AuNPs/BC/GCE through electrochemical method in the presence of CBD. The AuNPs/BC had excellent conductivity, large surface and good electrocatalysis, while the imprinted film presented good recognition. Thus, the obtained MIP/AuNPs/BC/GCE exhibited sensitive current response to CBD. Furthermore, the sensor displayed good impedance response to CBD. Hence, a dual-mode detection platform for CBD was established. Under optimum conditions, the linear response ranges were as wide as 1.0 nM - 15 μM (by differential pulse voltammetry, DPV) and 1.0 nM - 10 μM (by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS), and the detection limits for these two methods were as low as 0.30 nM (S/N = 3) and 0.24 nM (S/N = 3), respectively. The sensor also had high selectivity, stability and reproducibility. The sensor was applied to detect CBD in spiked real samples, including cabbage, peach, apple and lake water, and the recoveries were 85.8-108% (by DPV) and 91.4-110% (by EIS); the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 3.4-5.3% (by DPV) and 3.7-5.1% (by EIS), respectively. The results were consistent with that obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography. Therefore, this sensor is a simple and effective tool for CBD detection, and it has good application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianning Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuening Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Ranjbari S, Rezayi M, Arefinia R, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Hatamluyi B, Pasdar A. A novel electrochemical biosensor based on signal amplification of Au HFGNs/PnBA-MXene nanocomposite for the detection of miRNA-122 as a biomarker of breast cancer. Talanta 2023; 255:124247. [PMID: 36603443 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a crisis for global health. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer globally. In the perusal, a novel electrochemical biosensor amplified with hierarchical flower-like gold, poly (n-butyl acrylate), and MXene (AuHFGNs/PnBA-MXene) nanocomposite and activated by highly special antisense ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) provide a promising alternative for miRNA-122 detection as a biomarker of breast cancer. The biosensor presented a detection limit of 0.0035 aM (S/N = 3) with a linear range from 0.01 aM to 10 nM. The platform was tried on 20 breast cancer miRNAs extracted from actual serum specimens (10 positives and 10 negatives). Founded on the quantitatively obtained outcomes and statistic analysis (t-test, box-graph, receiver performance characteristic curve, and cut-off amount), the biosensor showed a meaningful discrepancy between the native and positive groups with 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity. While, RT-qPCR showed less specificity and sensitivity (70% specificity, 100% sensitivity) than the proposed biosensor. To assess the quantitative capacity and biosensor detection limit for clinical tests, the biosensor diagnosis performance for continually diluted miRNA extracted from patients was compared to that gained by RT-qPCR results, indicating that the biosensor detection limit was lower than RT-qPCR. ssDNA/AuHFGN/PnBA-MXene/GCE displayed little cross-reaction with other sequences and also showed desirable stability, reproducibility, and specificity and stayed stable until 32 days. As a result, the designed biosensor can perform as a hopeful method for diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ranjbari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Reza Arefinia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Behnaz Hatamluyi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hatamluyi B, Sadeghzadeh S, Zehi ZB, Rezayi M, Sany SBT. A rapid and recyclable analysis method for sulfadimethoxine detection based on molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor reinforced by GQDs/ZIF-8 nanocomposite. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Rahmanian H, Es'haghi Z, Dadmehr M. A robust electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of erlotinib based on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots/copper nanoparticles-polyaniline-graphene oxide nanohybrid. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:015502. [PMID: 35970142 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Erlotinib is a potent and highly specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor with the hindering effects on the growth of cancer cells. An electrochemical sensor with the great sensitivity and selectivity was fabricated for determining erlotinib by using a graphite rod electrode modified by the nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) and a ternary nanohybrid comprising copper nanoparticles, polyaniline, along with graphene oxide (N-GQDs/CuNPs-PANI@GO) for the first time. The establishment of PANI and CuNPs was done simultaneously on the GO surface by thein situoxidative polymerization method. The morphological characteristics and elemental structure of the synthesized nanoparticles were examined by some microscopy techniques and x-ray energy/diffraction methods. The fabricated sensor represented the electrocatalytic activity towards erlotinib with a linear detection range from 1.0 nM to 35.0μM, a detection limit of 0.712 nM, and a sensitivity of 1.3604μAμM-1. Moreover, the N-GQDs/CuNPs-PANI@GO sensor showed acceptable stability up to 30 d (94.82%), reproducibility (RSD values of 3.19% intraday and 3.52% interday), and repeatability (RSD value of 3.65%) as a novel and powerful electrochemical sensor. It was successfully applied to monitor erlotinib in the drug-injected aqueous solution, serum, and urine samples that proved the capability of the sensor for the erlotinib monitoring in the biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zarrin Es'haghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadmehr
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Fang Y, Chang H, Li J, Li Z, Zhang D. Recent Advances in Metal Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-27. [PMID: 36201181 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2128633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Rising rates of drug abuse and pharmaceutical pollution throughout the world as a consequence of increased drug production and utilization pose a serious risk to public health and to environmental integrity. It is thus critical that reliable analytical approaches to detecting drugs and their metabolites in a range of sample matrices be developed. Recent advances in the design of nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors have enabled promising new approaches to pharmaceutical analysis. In particular, the development of a range of novel metal nanocomposites with enhanced catalytic properties has provided a wealth of opportunities for the design of rapid and reliable platforms for the detection of specific pharmaceutical compounds. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of representative metal nanocomposites with synergistic properties and their recent (2017-2022) application in the context of electrochemical sensing as a means of detecting specific antibiotic, tuberculostatic, analgesic, antineoplastic, antipsychotic, and antihypertensive drugs. In discussing these applications, we further explore a variety of testing-related principles, fabrication approaches, characterization techniques, and parameters associated with the sensitivity and selectivity of these sensor platforms before surveying the future outlook regarding the fabrication of next-generation (bio)sensor platforms for use in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongen Chang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jingrong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
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Cetinkaya A, Kaya SI, Ozcelikay G, Budak F, Ozkan SA. Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Novel Hybrid Platforms for Electrochemical Sensor Applications in Drug Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35943520 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2109125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the rapid improvements in the medical and pharmaceutical fields increase the diversity and use of drugs. However, problems such as the use of multiple or combined drugs in the treatment of diseases and insensible use of over-the-counter drugs have caused concerns about the side-effect profiles and therapeutic ranges of drugs and environmental contamination and pollution problems due to pharmaceuticals waste. Therefore, the analysis of drugs in various media such as biological, pharmaceutical, and environmental samples is an important topic of discussion. Electrochemical methods are advantageous for sensor applications due to their easy application, low cost, versatility, high sensitivity, and environmentally-friendliness. Carbon nanomaterials such as diamond-like carbon thin films, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene oxide, and nanodiamonds are used to enhance the performance of the electrochemical sensors with catalytic effects. To further improve this effect, it is aimed to create hybrid platforms by using different carbon nanomaterials together or with materials such as conductive polymers and ionic liquids. In this review, the most used carbon nanoforms will be evaluated in terms of electrochemical characterizations and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the effect of hybrid platforms developed in the most recent studies on electrochemical sensors will be examined and evaluated in terms of drug analysis studies in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goksu Ozcelikay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Budak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Specifically triggered dissociation based ratiometric electrochemical sensor for H 2O 2 measurement in food samples. Food Chem 2022; 387:132922. [PMID: 35421654 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric strategy based electrochemical sensor was developed to quantitative assay of H2O2 in different food samples. 4-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester (ABAPE) dissociation was specifically triggered by H2O2 to generate electro-active 4-aminophenol (4-AP), which not only can be oxidized to indirectly indicate the concentration of H2O2, but also endowed the sensor with high selectivity. Meanwhile, a reference probe of poly(thionine) (TH) was modified with ketjen black (KB) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on electrode surface. KB and AuNPs displayed high electrocatalytic activity to 4-AP. A current ratio between 4-AP and TH (i/iTH) showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of H2O2 in a range of 3.0 × 10-7 - 1.0 × 10-4 mol/L (0.010 ppm - 3.40 ppm) with a limit of detection of 2.6 × 10-7 mol/L (0.009 ppm) (S/N = 3). Moreover, the ratiometric strategy based sensor possessed good accuracy, reliability, and stability, and successfully determined H2O2 in food samples with satisfactory results.
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PCR-free electrochemical genosensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection based on two-dimensional Ti3C2 Mxene-polypyrrole signal amplification. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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