1
|
Bellah SF, Xiong F, Dou Z, Yang F, Liu X, Yao X, Gao X, Zhang L. PLK1 phosphorylation of ZW10 guides accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 16:mjae008. [PMID: 38402459 PMCID: PMC11328731 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable transmission of genetic information during cell division requires faithful chromosome segregation. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) dynamics at kinetochores control correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments and subsequent silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint. However, the mechanisms underlying PLK1-mediated silencing of the spindle checkpoint remain elusive. Here, we identified a regulatory mechanism by which PLK1-elicited zeste white 10 (ZW10) phosphorylation regulates spindle checkpoint silencing in mitosis. ZW10 is a cognate substrate of PLK1, and the phosphorylation of ZW10 at Ser12 enables dynamic ZW10-Zwint1 interactions. Inhibition of ZW10 phosphorylation resulted in misaligned chromosomes, while persistent expression of phospho-mimicking ZW10 mutant caused premature anaphase, in which sister chromatids entangled as cells entered anaphase. These findings reveal the previously uncharacterized PLK1-ZW10 interaction through which dynamic phosphorylation of ZW10 fine-tunes accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sm Faysal Bellah
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fangyuan Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fengrui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xinjiao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schuster SL, Arora S, Wladyka CL, Itagi P, Corey L, Young D, Stackhouse BL, Kollath L, Wu QV, Corey E, True LD, Ha G, Paddison PJ, Hsieh AC. Multi-level functional genomics reveals molecular and cellular oncogenicity of patient-based 3' untranslated region mutations. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112840. [PMID: 37516102 PMCID: PMC10540565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
3' untranslated region (3' UTR) somatic mutations represent a largely unexplored avenue of alternative oncogenic gene dysregulation. To determine the significance of 3' UTR mutations in disease, we identify 3' UTR somatic variants across 185 advanced prostate tumors, discovering 14,497 single-nucleotide mutations enriched in oncogenic pathways and 3' UTR regulatory elements. By developing two complementary massively parallel reporter assays, we measure how thousands of patient-based mutations affect mRNA translation and stability and identify hundreds of functional variants that allow us to define determinants of mutation significance. We demonstrate the clinical relevance of these mutations, observing that CRISPR-Cas9 endogenous editing of distinct variants increases cellular stress resistance and that patients harboring oncogenic 3' UTR mutations have a particularly poor prognosis. This work represents an expansive view of the extent to which disease-relevant 3' UTR mutations affect mRNA stability, translation, and cancer progression, uncovering principles of regulatory functionality and potential therapeutic targets in previously unexplored regulatory regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Schuster
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia L Wladyka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pushpa Itagi
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lukas Corey
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dave Young
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qian V Wu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blatkiewicz M, Kamiński K, Szyszka M, Al-Shakarchi Z, Olechnowicz A, Stelcer E, Komarowska H, Tyczewska M, Klimont A, Karczewski M, Wierzbicki T, Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Ruchała M, Malendowicz LK, Ruciński M. The Enhanced Expression of ZWILCH Predicts Poor Survival of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041233. [PMID: 37189849 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zwilch kinetochore protein (ZWILCH) plays a key role in proper cell proliferation. The upregulation of the ZWILCH gene was observed in many types of cancers, but the association of ZWILCH with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) was not investigated so far. The main aim of the presented study was to verify if the enhanced level of the ZWILCH gene can be used as a diagnostic marker for ACC development and progression, as well as a predictor of survival time for ACC patients. The performed analyses included investigation of the ZWILCH expression profile in tumors with publicly available TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) datasets and transcriptomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, as well as, in human biological samples of normal adrenal, adrenocortical carcinoma and in commercially available tissue microarrays. The findings demonstrate statistically significant higher ZWILCH gene expression in ACC tissue in comparison with normal adrenal glands. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between ZWILCH upregulation and tumor mitotic rate and the probability of patient survival. The enhanced ZWILCH level is also connected with the activation of genes involved in cell proliferation and the inhibition of genes related to the immune system. This work contributes to a better understanding of the role of ZWILCH as an ACC biomarker and diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Blatkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Kamiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zaid Al-Shakarchi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Olechnowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stelcer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Komarowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Klimont
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wierzbicki
- Department of General, Endocrinological and Gastroenterological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ludwik K Malendowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Ruciński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prevo B, Cheerambathur DK, Earnshaw WC, Desai A. Kinetochore dynein is sufficient to biorient chromosomes and remodel the outer kinetochore. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.534015. [PMID: 36993239 PMCID: PMC10055418 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.534015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple microtubule-directed activities concentrate on chromosomes during mitosis to ensure their accurate distribution to daughter cells. These activities include couplers and dynamics regulators localized at the kinetochore, the specialized microtubule interface built on centromeric chromatin, as well as motor proteins recruited to kinetochores and to mitotic chromatin. Here, we describe an in vivo reconstruction approach in which the effect of removing the major microtubule-directed activities on mitotic chromosomes is compared to the selective presence of individual activities. This approach revealed that the kinetochore dynein module, comprised of the minus end-directed motor cytoplasmic dynein and its kinetochore-specific adapters, is sufficient to biorient chromosomes and to remodel outer kinetochore composition following microtubule attachment; by contrast, the kinetochore dynein module is unable to support chromosome congression. The chromosome-autonomous action of kinetochore dynein, in the absence of the other major microtubule-directed factors on chromosomes, rotates and orients a substantial proportion of chromosomes such that their sister chromatids attach to opposite spindle poles. In tight coupling with orientation, the kinetochore dynein module drives removal of outermost kinetochore components, including the dynein motor itself and spindle checkpoint activators. The removal is independent of the other major microtubule-directed activities and kinetochore-localized protein phosphatase 1, suggesting that it is intrinsic to the kinetochore dynein module. These observations indicate that the kinetochore dynein module has the ability coordinate chromosome biorientation with attachment state-sensitive remodeling of the outer kinetochore that facilitates cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Prevo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tong H, Liu X, Peng C, Shen B, Zhu Z. Silencing of KNTC1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells progression via suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110498. [PMID: 36273753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kinetochore associated 1 (KNTC1) encodes a kinetochore component in Rod-Zwilch-ZW10 (RZZ) complex which is essential for the segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis and participates in the spindle checkpoint. Recent research demonstrated that kinetochore proteins may be potential biomarkers and may contribute to the development of human malignancies. Our immunohistochemistry experiment showed that KNTC1 was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and correlated with terrible prognosis, indicating that KNTC1 acts a pivotal role in HCC development. Furthermore, lentivirus delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) KNTC1 (Lv-shKNTC1) was applied to infect BEL-7404 and SK-HEP-1 to identify roles of KNTC1 on HCC. Lv-shKNTC1 cells showed reduced proliferation ability, increased apoptosis and decreased migration ability. In vivo experiments suggested that xenografts grow significantly slower upon the silencing of KNTC1. Mechanistically, the protein levels of PIK3CA, p-Akt, CCND1, CDK6 are all down-regulated in Lv-KNTC1 cells and the Lv-shKNTC1 tumor tissues of nude mice. Therefore, KNTC1 may affect the biological activity of HCC cells through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that ZW10 is a pivotal protein that participates in KNTC1-induced regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In summary, the key finding of this report highlighted the significance of KNTC1 in tumor regression of HCC, demonstrating KNTC1 as an innovative target for adjuvant treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- CNRS-LIA124, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Zhecheng Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fischer ES. Kinetochore‐catalyzed MCC
formation: A structural perspective. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:289-310. [PMID: 36518060 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Macromolecular complexes known as kinetochores, act as the interface of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules. In response to unattached kinetochores, the SAC activates its effector, the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit until all sister chromatid pairs have achieved successful attachment to the bipolar mitotic spindle. Formation of the MCC (composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20) is regulated by an Mps1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation signaling cascade which assembles and repositions components of the MCC onto a catalytic scaffold. This scaffold functions to catalyze the conversion of the HORMA-domain protein Mad2 from an "inactive" open-state (O-Mad2) into an "active" closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2), and simultaneous Cdc20 binding. Here, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the kinetic barrier to C-Mad2:Cdc20 formation will be reviewed. Recent progress in elucidating the precise molecular choreography orchestrated by the catalytic scaffold to rapidly assemble the MCC will be examined, and unresolved questions will be highlighted. Ultimately, understanding how the SAC rapidly activates the checkpoint not only provides insights into how cells maintain genomic integrity during mitosis, but also provides a paradigm for how cells can utilize molecular switches, including other HORMA domain-containing proteins, to make rapid changes to a cell's physiological state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S. Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng Y, Huang H, Shi J, Jin H. Identification of Candidate Genes in Breast Cancer Induced by Estrogen Plus Progestogens Using Bioinformatic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911892. [PMID: 36233194 PMCID: PMC9569986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) was widely used to treat menopause-related symptoms in menopausal women. However, MHT therapies were controversial with the increased risk of breast cancer because of different estrogen and progestogen combinations, and the molecular basis behind this phenomenon is currently not understood. To address this issue, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the estrogen plus progestogens treatment (EPT) and estrogen treatment (ET) using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. As a result, a total of 96 upregulated DEGs were first identified. Seven DEGs related to the cell cycle (CCNE2, CDCA5, RAD51, TCF19, KNTC1, MCM10, and NEIL3) were validated by RT-qPCR. Specifically, these seven DEGs were increased in EPT compared to ET (p < 0.05) and had higher expression levels in breast cancer than adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.05). Next, we found that estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients with a higher CNNE2 expression have a shorter overall survival time (p < 0.05), while this effect was not observed in the other six DEGs (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the molecular docking results showed that CCNE2 might bind to 17β-estradiol (−6.791 kcal/mol), progesterone (−6.847 kcal/mol), and medroxyprogesterone acetate (−6.314 kcal/mol) with a relatively strong binding affinity, respectively. Importantly, CNNE2 protein level could be upregulated with EPT and attenuated by estrogen receptor antagonist, acolbifene and had interactions with cancer driver genes (AKT1 and KRAS) and high mutation frequency gene (TP53 and PTEN) in breast cancer patients. In conclusion, the current study showed that CCNE2, CDCA5, RAD51, TCF19, KNTC1, MCM10, and NEIL3 might contribute to EPT-related tumorigenesis in breast cancer, with CCNE2 might be a sensitive risk indicator of breast cancer risk in women using MHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jiangcheng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hongyan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
MCM6 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression via the Notch Pathway: Clinical, Functional, and Genomic Insights. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3116303. [PMID: 35720029 PMCID: PMC9203181 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the expression profile of MCM6 in HCC and the relationship between MCM6 level and clinicopathological parameters through bioinformatics analysis of several databases. Methods MCM expression level, clinical parameters, survival data, and gene set enrichment analysis were analyzed by bioinformatics database, including Oncomine™, UALCAN, HCCDB, TCGA, cBioPortal, and LinkedOmics. Real-time PCR, western blotting, and IHC staining were conducted to identify the expression of MCM6 in HCC compared to normal liver tissues. Results Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mRNA of MCM6 was obviously increased in multiple cancer types, especially in HCC. MCM6 level was positively associated with multiple clinical parameters (stage 3 and grades 3 and 4) and negatively associated with patient outcomes (overall survival). Moreover, enrichment of functions and signaling pathways analysis of MCM6 suggested that MCM6 might mediate DNA replication and cellular metabolism to promote the development and progression of HCC. Furthermore, IHC staining and western blotting indicated that the MCM6 was enhanced in HCC tissue, and MCM6 could promote HCC proliferation in activating Notch pathway via WB and bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion This study actually revealed the expression and related functions of MCM6 in HCC. Furthermore, MCM6 is a carcinogenic role in activating Notch pathway to promote HCC cell proliferation, which may be a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Raisch T, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Cmentowski V, Carmignani S, Maffini S, Merino F, Wohlgemuth S, Vetter IR, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of Spindly‐driven corona assembly at human kinetochores. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110411. [PMID: 35373361 PMCID: PMC9058546 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, a ≈1 megadalton (MDa) multiprotein complex comprising the dynein–dynactin adaptor Spindly and the ROD–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex is the building block of a fibrous biopolymer, the kinetochore fibrous corona. The corona assembles on mitotic kinetochores to promote microtubule capture and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. We report here a high‐resolution cryo‐EM structure that captures the essential features of the RZZ complex, including a farnesyl‐binding site required for Spindly binding. Using a highly predictive in vitro assay, we demonstrate that the SAC kinase MPS1 is necessary and sufficient for corona assembly at supercritical concentrations of the RZZ–Spindly (RZZS) complex, and describe the molecular mechanism of phosphorylation‐dependent filament nucleation. We identify several structural requirements for RZZS polymerization in rings and sheets. Finally, we identify determinants of kinetochore localization and corona assembly of Spindly. Our results describe a framework for the long‐sought‐for molecular basis of corona assembly on metazoan kinetochores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Dortmund Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Biology University Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Renda F, Miles C, Tikhonenko I, Fisher R, Carlini L, Kapoor TM, Mogilner A, Khodjakov A. Non-centrosomal microtubules at kinetochores promote rapid chromosome biorientation during mitosis in human cells. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1049-1063.e4. [PMID: 35108523 PMCID: PMC8930511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis depends on "amphitelic attachments"-load-bearing connections of sister kinetochores to the opposite spindle poles via bundles of microtubules, termed as the "K-fibers." Current models of spindle assembly assume that K-fibers arise largely from stochastic capture of microtubules, which occurs at random times and locations and independently at sister kinetochores. We test this assumption by following the movements of all kinetochores in human cells and determine that most amphitelic attachments form synchronously at a specific stage of spindle assembly and within a spatially distinct domain. This biorientation domain is enriched in bundles of antiparallel microtubules, and perturbation of microtubule bundling changes the temporal and spatial dynamics of amphitelic attachment formation. Structural analyses indicate that interactions of kinetochores with microtubule bundles are mediated by non-centrosomal short microtubules that emanate from most kinetochores during early prometaphase. Computational analyses suggest that momentous molecular motor-driven interactions with antiparallel bundles rapidly convert these short microtubules into nascent K-fibers. Thus, load-bearing connections to the opposite spindle poles form simultaneously on sister kinetochores. In contrast to the uncoordinated sequential attachments of sister kinetochores expected in stochastic models of spindle assembly, our model envisions the formation of amphitelic attachments as a deterministic process in which the chromosomes connect with the spindle poles synchronously at a specific stage of spindle assembly and at a defined location determined by the spindle architecture. Experimental analyses of changes in the kinetochore behavior in cells with perturbed activity of molecular motors CenpE and dynein confirm the predictive power of the model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fioranna Renda
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Miles
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mathematics and the NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Irina Tikhonenko
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lina Carlini
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarun M Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alexey Khodjakov
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barbosa J, Sunkel CE, Conde C. The Role of Mitotic Kinases and the RZZ Complex in Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments: Doing the Right Link. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:787294. [PMID: 35155423 PMCID: PMC8832123 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.787294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the interaction of kinetochores (KTs) with microtubules (MTs) drives chromosome congression to the spindle equator and supports the segregation of sister chromatids. Faithful genome partition critically relies on the ability of chromosomes to establish and maintain proper amphitelic end-on attachments, a configuration in which sister KTs are connected to robust MT fibers emanating from opposite spindle poles. Because the capture of spindle MTs by KTs is error prone, cells use mechanisms that sense and correct inaccurate KT-MT interactions before committing to segregate sister chromatids in anaphase. If left unresolved, these errors can result in the unequal distribution of chromosomes and lead to aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular strategies that monitor the formation and fine-tuning of KT-MT attachments. We describe the complex network of proteins that operates at the KT-MT interface and discuss how AURORA B and PLK1 coordinate several concurrent events so that the stability of KT-MT attachments is precisely modulated throughout mitotic progression. We also outline updated knowledge on how the RZZ complex is regulated to ensure the formation of end-on attachments and the fidelity of mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudio E. Sunkel
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Conde
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ban C, Yang F, Wei M, Liu Q, Wang J, Chen L, Lu L, Xie D, Liu L, Huang J. Integrative Analysis of Gene Expression Through One-Class Logistic Regression Machine Learning Identifies Stemness Features in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2021; 12:666561. [PMID: 34484287 PMCID: PMC8415636 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression includes the obtainment of progenitor and stem cell-like features and the gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype. Stemness was defined as the potential for differentiation and self-renewal from the cell of origin. Previous studies have confirmed the effective application of stemness in a number of malignancies. However, the mechanisms underlying the growth and maintenance of multiple myeloma (MM) stem cells remain unclear. We calculated the stemness index for samples of MM by utilizing a novel one-class logistic regression (OCLR) machine learning algorithm and found that mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) was an independent prognostic factor of MM. Based on the same cutoff value, mRNAsi could stratify MM patients into low and high groups with different outcomes. We identified 127 stemness-related signatures using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly involved in the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and DNA replication and repair. Using the molecular complex detection (MCODE) algorithm, we identified 34 pivotal signatures. Meanwhile, we conducted unsupervised clustering and classified the MM cohorts into three MM stemness (MMS) clusters with distinct prognoses. Samples in MMS-cluster3 possessed the highest stemness fractions and the worst prognosis. Additionally, we applied the ESTIMATE algorithm to infer differential immune infiltration among the three MMS clusters. The immune core and stromal score were significantly lower in MMS-cluster3 than in the other clusters, supporting the negative relation between stemness and anticancer immunity. Finally, we proposed a prognostic nomogram that allows for individualized assessment of the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) probabilities among patients with MM. Our study comprehensively assessed the MM stemness index based on large cohorts and built a 34-gene based classifier for predicting prognosis and potential strategies for stemness treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Ban
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Liuting Lu
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lie Liu
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jinxiong Huang
- Department of Hematology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Renda F, Khodjakov A. Role of spatial patterns and kinetochore architecture in spindle morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:75-85. [PMID: 33836948 PMCID: PMC8762378 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic spindle is a self-assembling macromolecular machine responsible for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Assembly of the spindle is believed to be governed by the 'Search & Capture' (S&C) principle in which dynamic microtubules explore space in search of kinetochores while the latter capture microtubules and thus connect chromosomes to the spindle. Due to the stochastic nature of the encounters between kinetochores and microtubules, the time required for incorporating all chromosomes into the spindle is profoundly affected by geometric constraints, such as the size and shape of kinetochores as well as their distribution in space at the onset of spindle assembly. In recent years, several molecular mechanisms that control these parameters have been discovered. It is now clear that stochastic S&C takes place in structured space, where components are optimally distributed and oriented to minimize steric hindrances. Nucleation of numerous non-centrosomal microtubules near kinetochores accelerates capture, while changes in the kinetochore architecture at various stages of spindle assembly promote proper connection of sister kinetochores to the opposite spindle poles. Here we discuss how the concerted action of multiple facilitating mechanisms ensure that the spindle assembles rapidly yet with a minimal number of errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fioranna Renda
- Biggs Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, United States.
| | - Alexey Khodjakov
- Biggs Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Li J, Shen Y, Xiong Y, Li X, Qin Z. Identification of estrogen receptor target genes involved in gonadal feminization caused by estrogen in Xenopus laevis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105760. [PMID: 33515924 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens and estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals can cause gonadal feminization in some vertebrates mainly through estrogen receptor (ER), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. The present study aimed to identify ER target genes involved in estrogen-caused gonadal feminization in Xenopus laevis. Based on our recent transcriptomic data that 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) altered gene transcription in feminizing gonads of male X. laevis at NF stages 48, 50, and 52, we searched estrogen response element (ERE) using the Dragon ERE Finder software in the promoter region of all the E2-regulated genes. As a result, 163 genes containing ERE sequence were identified as predicted ER target genes at NF stage 50 (on the 14th day postfertilization), a crucial stage for gonadal feminization. Then, some of these predicted ER target genes were further investigated, mainly including the genes that were suggested to be involved in E2-caused gonadal feminization and genes being dramatically up or down-regulated by E2. Fifteen genes were demonstrated to be responsive to E2, in turn ER antagonist blocked the E2-regulated transcription. Finally, we identified 10 genes that can bind to ERα by a chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR. Taken together, we identified the 10 genes that contain predicted ERE sequences, are responsive to estrogen and ER antagonist, and have ability to bind to ER as ER target genes, including pglyrp2, apoa1, fgb, tdo2, ca6, nags, cpb2, tmprss6, nudc, zwilch. Our results could help to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms for gonadal feminization caused by estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in X. laevis, and even in other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanfen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Karman Z, Rethi-Nagy Z, Abraham E, Fabri-Ordogh L, Csonka A, Vilmos P, Debski J, Dadlez M, Glover DM, Lipinszki Z. Novel perspectives of target-binding by the evolutionarily conserved PP4 phosphatase. Open Biol 2020; 10:200343. [PMID: 33352067 PMCID: PMC7776573 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) is an evolutionarily conserved and essential Ser/Thr phosphatase that regulates cell division, development and DNA repair in eukaryotes. The major form of PP4, present from yeast to human, is the PP4c-R2-R3 heterotrimeric complex. The R3 subunit is responsible for substrate-recognition via its EVH1 domain. In typical EVH1 domains, conserved phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan residues form the specific recognition site for their target's proline-rich sequences. Here, we identify novel binding partners of the EVH1 domain of the Drosophila R3 subunit, Falafel, and demonstrate that instead of binding to proline-rich sequences this EVH1 variant specifically recognizes atypical ligands, namely the FxxP and MxPP short linear consensus motifs. This interaction is dependent on an exclusively conserved leucine that replaces the phenylalanine invariant of all canonical EVH1 domains. We propose that the EVH1 domain of PP4 represents a new class of the EVH1 family that can accommodate low proline content sequences, such as the FxxP motif. Finally, our data implicate the conserved Smk-1 domain of Falafel in target-binding. These findings greatly enhance our understanding of the substrate-recognition mechanisms and function of PP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Karman
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Szeged, H‐6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H‐6725, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Rethi-Nagy
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Szeged, H‐6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H‐6725, Hungary
| | - Edit Abraham
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Szeged, H‐6726, Hungary
| | - Lilla Fabri-Ordogh
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Szeged, H‐6726, Hungary
| | - Akos Csonka
- Department of Traumatology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H‐6725, Hungary
| | - Peter Vilmos
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, H‐6726, Hungary
| | - Janusz Debski
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dadlez
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David M. Glover
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Zoltan Lipinszki
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Szeged, H‐6726, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Escudero-Paniagua B, Bartolomé RA, Rodríguez S, De Los Ríos V, Pintado L, Jaén M, Lafarga M, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Casal JI. PAUF/ZG16B promotes colorectal cancer progression through alterations of the mitotic functions and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:203-213. [PMID: 31095674 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF), also known as ZG16B, was previously found in the secretome of metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated the presence of PAUF at the intracellular level and its multiple effects on cancer progression. An initial decline of PAUF expression was observed at early stages of colorectal cancer followed by an increase at the metastatic site. PAUF was located at different cellular compartments: membrane-associated vesicles, endosomes, microtubule-associated vesicles, cell growth cones and the cell nucleus. PAUF loss in two colorectal cancer cell lines caused severe alterations in the cell phenotype and cell cycle, including tetraploidy, extensive genomic alterations, micronuclei and increased apoptosis. An exhaustive analysis of the PAUF interactome using different proteomic approaches revealed the presence of multiple components of the cell cycle, mitotic checkpoint, Wnt pathway and intracellular transport. Among the interacting proteins we found ZW10, a moonlighting protein with a dual function in membrane trafficking and mitosis. In addition, PAUF silencing was associated to APC loss and increased β-catenin nuclear expression. Altogether, our results suggest that PAUF depletion increases aneuploidy, promotes apoptosis and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal cancer cells facilitating cancer progression. In summary, PAUF behaves as a multifunctional protein, with different roles in cancer progression according to the extra- or intracellular expression, suggesting a therapeutic value for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Rodríguez
- Molecular Cytogenetics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivian De Los Ríos
- Proteomics Core Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pintado
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Jaén
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hara M, Fukagawa T. Dynamics of kinetochore structure and its regulations during mitotic progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2981-2995. [PMID: 32052088 PMCID: PMC11104943 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis in eukaryotes requires attachment of the kinetochore, a large protein complex assembled on the centromere of each chromosome, to the spindle microtubules. The kinetochore is a structural interface for the microtubule attachment and provides molecular surveillance mechanisms that monitor and ensure the precise microtubule attachment as well, including error correction and spindle assembly checkpoint. During mitotic progression, the kinetochore undergoes dynamic morphological changes that are observable through electron microscopy as well as through fluorescence microscopy. These structural changes might be associated with the kinetochore function. In this review, we summarize how the dynamics of kinetochore morphology are associated with its functions and discuss recent findings on the switching of protein interaction networks in the kinetochore during cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hara
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Menant A, Karess RE. Mutations in the Drosophila rough deal gene affecting RZZ kinetochore function. Biol Cell 2020; 112:300-315. [PMID: 32602944 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RZZ complex, composed of the proteins Rough-Deal (Rod), Zw10 and Zwilch, plays a central role in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which assures proper sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. RZZ contributes to the regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint by helping to recruit Mad1-Mad2 and the microtubule motor dynein to unattached kinetochores. It is an important component of the outer kinetochore and specifically the fibrous corona whose expansion is believed to facilitate microtubule capture. How RZZ carries out its diverse activities is only poorly understood. The C-terminal region of the Rod subunit is relatively well-conserved across metazoan phylogeny, but no function has been attributed to it. RESULTS To explore the importance of the Rod_C domain in RZZ function in Drosophila, we generated a series of point mutations in a stretch of 200 residues within this domain and we report here their phenotypes. Several of the mutations profoundly disrupt recruitment of RZZ to kinetochores, including one in a temperature-sensitive manner, while still retaining the capacity to assemble into a complex with Zw10 and Zwilch. Others affect aspects of dynein activity or recruitment at the kinetochore. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the Rod_C domain participates in the protein interactions necessary for RZZ recruitment and functionality at kinetochores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Menant
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Roger E Karess
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barbosa J, Conde C, Sunkel C. RZZ-SPINDLY-DYNEIN: you got to keep 'em separated. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1716-1726. [PMID: 32544383 PMCID: PMC7469663 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1780382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain genome stability, chromosomes must be equally distributed among daughter cells at the end of mitosis. The accuracy of chromosome segregation requires sister-kinetochores to stably attach to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. However, initial kinetochore-microtubule interactions are able to turnover so that defective attachment configurations that typically arise during early mitosis may be corrected. Growing evidence supports a role for the RZZ complex in preventing the stabilization of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This inhibitory function of RZZ toward end-on attachments is relieved by DYNEIN-mediated transport of the complex as chromosomes congress and appropriate interactions with microtubules are established. However, it remains unclear how DYNEIN is antagonized to prevent premature RZZ removal. We recently described a new mechanism that sheds new light on this matter. We found that POLO kinase phosphorylates the DYNEIN adaptor SPINDLY to promote the uncoupling between RZZ and DYNEIN. Elevated POLO activity during prometaphase ensures that RZZ is retained at kinetochores to allow the dynamic turnover of kinetochore-microtubule interactions and prevent the stabilization of erroneous attachments. Here, we discuss additional interpretations to explain a model for POLO-dependent regulation of the RZZ-SPINDLY-DYNEIN module during mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Conde
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudio Sunkel
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciência Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kixmoeller K, Allu PK, Black BE. The centromere comes into focus: from CENP-A nucleosomes to kinetochore connections with the spindle. Open Biol 2020; 10:200051. [PMID: 32516549 PMCID: PMC7333888 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosome segregation relies upon specific connections from DNA to the microtubule-based spindle that forms at cell division. The chromosomal locus that directs this process is the centromere, where a structure called the kinetochore forms upon entry into mitosis. Recent crystallography and single-particle electron microscopy have provided unprecedented high-resolution views of the molecular complexes involved in this process. The centromere is epigenetically specified by nucleosomes harbouring a histone H3 variant, CENP-A, and we review recent progress on how it differentiates centromeric chromatin from the rest of the chromosome, the biochemical pathway that mediates its assembly and how two non-histone components of the centromere specifically recognize CENP-A nucleosomes. The core centromeric nucleosome complex (CCNC) is required to recruit a 16-subunit complex termed the constitutive centromere associated network (CCAN), and we highlight recent structures reported of the budding yeast CCAN. Finally, the structures of multiple modular sub-complexes of the kinetochore have been solved at near-atomic resolution, providing insight into how connections are made to the CCAN on one end and to the spindle microtubules on the other. One can now build molecular models from the DNA through to the physical connections to microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Kixmoeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Allu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ben E Black
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zw10 is a spindle assembly checkpoint protein that regulates meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:207-215. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
22
|
Abstract
Mistakes in the process of cell division can lead to the loss, gain or rearrangement of chromosomes. Significant chromosomal abnormalities are usually lethal to the cells and cause spontaneous miscarriages. However, in some cases, defects in the spindle assembly checkpoint lead to severe diseases, such as cancer and birth and development defects, including Down's syndrome. The timely and accurate control of chromosome segregation in mitosis relies on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), an evolutionary conserved, self-regulated signalling system present in higher organisms. The spindle assembly checkpoint is orchestrated by dynamic interactions between spindle microtubules and the kinetochore , a multiprotein complex that constitutes the site for attachment of chromosomes to microtubule polymers to pull sister chromatids apart during cell division. This chapter discusses the current molecular understanding of the essential, highly dynamic molecular interactions underpinning spindle assembly checkpoint signalling and how the complex choreography of interactions can be coordinated in time and space to finely regulate the process. The potential of targeting this signalling pathway to interfere with the abnormal segregation of chromosomes, which occurs in diverse malignancies and the new opportunities that recent technological developments are opening up for a deeper understanding of the spindle assembly checkpoint are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Bolanos-Garcia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pereira C, Reis RM, Gama JB, Celestino R, Cheerambathur DK, Carvalho AX, Gassmann R. Self-Assembly of the RZZ Complex into Filaments Drives Kinetochore Expansion in the Absence of Microtubule Attachment. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3408-3421.e8. [PMID: 30415699 PMCID: PMC6224608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetochore is a dynamic multi-protein assembly that forms on each sister chromatid and interacts with microtubules of the mitotic spindle to drive chromosome segregation. In animals, kinetochores without attached microtubules expand their outermost layer into crescent and ring shapes to promote microtubule capture and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. Kinetochore expansion is an example of protein co-polymerization, but the mechanism is not understood. Here, we present evidence that kinetochore expansion is driven by oligomerization of the Rod-Zw10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex, an outer kinetochore component that recruits the motor dynein and the SAC proteins Mad1-Mad2. Depletion of ROD in human cells suppresses kinetochore expansion, as does depletion of Spindly, the adaptor that connects RZZ to dynein, although dynein itself is dispensable. Expansion is also suppressed by mutating ZWILCH residues implicated in Spindly binding. Conversely, supplying cells with excess ROD facilitates kinetochore expansion under otherwise prohibitive conditions. Using the C. elegans early embryo, we demonstrate that ROD-1 has a concentration-dependent propensity for oligomerizing into micrometer-scale filaments, and we identify the ROD-1 β-propeller as a key regulator of self-assembly. Finally, we show that a minimal ROD-1-Zw10 complex efficiently oligomerizes into filaments in vitro. Our results suggest that RZZ's capacity for oligomerization is harnessed by kinetochores to assemble the expanded outermost domain, in which RZZ filaments serve as recruitment platforms for SAC components and microtubule-binding proteins. Thus, we propose that reversible RZZ self-assembly into filaments underlies the adaptive change in kinetochore size that contributes to chromosome segregation fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita M Reis
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José B Gama
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Celestino
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ana X Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Graziadio L, Palumbo V, Cipressa F, Williams BC, Cenci G, Gatti M, Goldberg ML, Bonaccorsi S. Phenotypic characterization of diamond (dind), a Drosophila gene required for multiple aspects of cell division. Chromosoma 2018; 127:489-504. [PMID: 30120539 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-018-0680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many genes are required for the assembly of the mitotic apparatus and for proper chromosome behavior during mitosis and meiosis. A fruitful approach to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cell division is the accurate phenotypic characterization of mutations in these genes. Here, we report the identification and characterization of diamond (dind), an essential Drosophila gene required both for mitosis of larval brain cells and for male meiosis. Larvae homozygous for any of the five EMS-induced mutations die in the third-instar stage and exhibit multiple mitotic defects. Mutant brain cells exhibit poorly condensed chromosomes and frequent chromosome breaks and rearrangements; they also show centriole fragmentation, disorganized mitotic spindles, defective chromosome segregation, endoreduplicated metaphases, and hyperploid and polyploid cells. Comparable phenotypes occur in mutant spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The dind gene encodes a non-conserved protein with no known functional motifs. Although the Dind protein exhibits a rather diffuse localization in both interphase and mitotic cells, fractionation experiments indicate that some Dind is tightly associated with the chromatin. Collectively, these results suggest that loss of Dind affects chromatin organization leading to defects in chromosome condensation and integrity, which in turn affect centriole stability and spindle assembly. However, our results do not exclude the possibility that Dind directly affects some behaviors of the spindle and centrosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Graziadio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cipressa
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Museo storico della fisica e centro di studi e ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Byron C Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Giovanni Cenci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gatti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari (IBPM) del CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael L Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Silvia Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza, Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sacristan C, Ahmad MUD, Keller J, Fermie J, Groenewold V, Tromer E, Fish A, Melero R, Carazo JM, Klumperman J, Musacchio A, Perrakis A, Kops GJ. Dynamic kinetochore size regulation promotes microtubule capture and chromosome biorientation in mitosis. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:800-810. [PMID: 29915359 PMCID: PMC6485389 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation depends on the ability of sister kinetochores to attach to spindle microtubules. The outer layer of kinetochores transiently expands in early mitosis to form a fibrous corona, and compacts following microtubule capture. Here we show that the dynein adaptor Spindly and the RZZ (ROD-Zwilch-ZW10) complex drive kinetochore expansion in a dynein-independent manner. C-terminal farnesylation and MPS1 kinase activity cause conformational changes of Spindly that promote oligomerization of RZZ-Spindly complexes into a filamentous meshwork in cells and in vitro. Concurrent with kinetochore expansion, Spindly potentiates kinetochore compaction by recruiting dynein via three conserved short linear motifs. Expanded kinetochores unable to compact engage in extensive, long-lived lateral microtubule interactions that persist to metaphase, and result in merotelic attachments and chromosome segregation errors in anaphase. Thus, dynamic kinetochore size regulation in mitosis is coordinated by a single, Spindly-based mechanism that promotes initial microtubule capture and subsequent correct maturation of attachments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sacristan
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Misbha Ud Din Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Keller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Job Fermie
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Groenewold
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Tromer
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Fish
- Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Melero
- Biocomputing Unit, National Center for Biotechnology (CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Carazo
- Biocomputing Unit, National Center for Biotechnology (CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße, Essen, Germany
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jpl Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Luo Y, Ahmad E, Liu ST. MAD1: Kinetochore Receptors and Catalytic Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:51. [PMID: 29868582 PMCID: PMC5949338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint monitors kinetochore-microtubule attachment, delays anaphase onset and prevents aneuploidy when unattached or tensionless kinetochores are present in cells. Mitotic arrest deficiency 1 (MAD1) is one of the evolutionarily conserved core mitotic checkpoint proteins. MAD1 forms a cell cycle independent complex with MAD2 through its MAD2 interaction motif (MIM) in the middle region. Such a complex is enriched at unattached kinetochores and functions as an unusual catalyst to promote conformational change of additional MAD2 molecules, constituting a crucial signal amplifying mechanism for the mitotic checkpoint. Only MAD2 in its active conformation can be assembled with BUBR1 and CDC20 to form the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC), which is a potent inhibitor of anaphase onset. Recent research has shed light on how MAD1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores, and how it carries out its catalytic activity. Here we review these advances and discuss their implications for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Song-Tao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Requirement of the Dynein-Adaptor Spindly for Mitotic and Post-Mitotic Functions in Drosophila. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6020009. [PMID: 29615558 PMCID: PMC6027351 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindly was originally identified as a specific regulator of Dynein activity at the kinetochore. In early prometaphase, Spindly recruits the Dynein/Dynactin complex, promoting the establishment of stable kinetochore-microtubule interactions and progression into anaphase. While details of Spindly function in mitosis have been worked out in cultured human cells and in the C. elegans zygote, the function of Spindly within the context of an organism has not yet been addressed. Here, we present loss- and gain-of-function studies of Spindly using transgenic RNAi in Drosophila. Knock-down of Spindly in the female germ line results in mitotic arrest during embryonic cleavage divisions. We investigated the requirements of Spindly protein domains for its localisation and function, and found that the carboxy-terminal region controls Spindly localisation in a cell-type specific manner. Overexpression of Spindly in the female germ line is embryonic lethal and results in altered egg morphology. To determine whether Spindly plays a role in post-mitotic cells, we altered Spindly protein levels in migrating cells and found that ovarian border cell migration is sensitive to the levels of Spindly protein. Our study uncovers novel functions of Spindly and a differential, functional requirement for its carboxy-terminal region in Drosophila.
Collapse
|
28
|
Amin MA, McKenney RJ, Varma D. Antagonism between the dynein and Ndc80 complexes at kinetochores controls the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments during mitosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5755-5765. [PMID: 29475948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis require kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachments that are mediated by the molecular motor dynein and the kMT-binding complex Ndc80. The Rod-ZW10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex is central to this coordination as it has an important role in dynein recruitment and has recently been reported to have a key function in the regulation of stable kMT attachments in Caenorhabditis elegans besides its role in activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the mechanism by which these protein complexes control kMT attachments to drive chromosome motility during early mitosis is still unclear. Here, using in vitro total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we observed that higher concentrations of Ndc80 inhibited dynein binding to MTs, providing evidence that Ndc80 and dynein antagonize each other's function. High-resolution microscopy and siRNA-mediated functional disruption revealed that severe defects in chromosome alignment induced by depletion of dynein or the dynein adapter Spindly are rescued by codepletion of the RZZ component Rod in human cells. Interestingly, rescue of the chromosome alignment defects was independent of Rod function in SAC activation and was accompanied by a remarkable restoration of stable kMT attachments. Furthermore, the chromosome alignment rescue depended on the plus-end-directed motility of centromere protein E (CENP-E) because cells codepleted of CENP-E, Rod, and dynein could not establish stable kMT attachments or align their chromosomes properly. Our findings support the idea that dynein may control the function of the Ndc80 complex in stabilizing kMT attachments directly by interfering with Ndc80-MT binding or indirectly by controlling the Rod-mediated inhibition of Ndc80.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Amin
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Dileep Varma
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Spc24 is required for meiotic kinetochore-microtubule attachment and production of euploid eggs. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71987-71997. [PMID: 27713128 PMCID: PMC5342138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are particularly error prone in chromosome segregation during two successive meiotic divisions. The proper kinetochore-microtubule attachment is a prerequisite for faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis. Here, we report that Spc24 localizes at the kinetochores during mouse oocyte meiosis. Depletion of Spc24 using specific siRNA injection caused defective kinetochore-microtubule attachments and chromosome misalignment, and accelerated the first meiosis by abrogating the kinetochore recruitment of spindle assembly checkpoint protein Mad2, leading to a high incidence of aneuploidy. Thus, Spc24 plays an important role in genomic stability maintenance during oocyte meiotic maturation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pagotto S, Veronese A, Soranno A, Lanuti P, Di Marco M, Russo MV, Ramassone A, Marchisio M, Simeone P, Guanciali-Franchi PE, Palka G, Costantini RM, Croce CM, Visone R. Hsa-miR-155-5p drives aneuploidy at early stages of cellular transformation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13036-13047. [PMID: 29560129 PMCID: PMC5849193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsa-miR-155-5p (miR-155) is overexpressed in most solid and hematological malignancies. It promotes loss of genomic integrity in cancer cells by targeting genes involved in microsatellite instability and DNA repair; however, the link between miR-155 and aneuploidy has been scarcely investigated. Here we describe a novel mechanism by which miR-155 causes chromosomal instability. Using osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) and normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF), two well-established models for the study of chromosome congression, we demonstrate that miR-155 targets the spindle checkpoint proteins BUB1, CENP-F, and ZW10, thus compromising chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate. In U2OS cells, exogenous miR-155 expression reduced the recruitment of BUB1, CENP-F, and ZW10 to the kinetochores which resulted in defective chromosome congression. In contrast, during in vitro transformation of HDF by enforced expression of SV40 Large T antigen and human telomerase (HDFLT/hTERT), inhibition of miR-155 reduced chromosome congression errors and aneuploidy at early passages. Using live-cell imaging we observed that miR-155 delays progression through mitosis, indicating an activated mitotic spindle checkpoint, which likely fails to reduce aneuploidy. Overall, this study provides insight into a mechanism that generates aneuploidy at early stages of cellular transformation, pointing to a role for miR-155 in chromosomal instability at tumor onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pagotto
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soranno
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Mirco Di Marco
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | | | - Alice Ramassone
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Paolo E Guanciali-Franchi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Palka
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Renato Mariani Costantini
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Rosa Visone
- Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine-CeSI-MeT, Chieti, 66100, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Petsalaki E, Dandoulaki M, Zachos G. The ESCRT protein Chmp4c regulates mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:861-876. [PMID: 29362225 PMCID: PMC5839794 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle checkpoint delays anaphase onset in the presence of unattached kinetochores, and efficient checkpoint signaling requires kinetochore localization of the Rod-ZW10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex. In the present study, we show that human Chmp4c, a protein involved in membrane remodeling, localizes to kinetochores in prometaphase but is reduced in chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Chmp4c promotes stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments and is required for proper mitotic progression, faithful chromosome alignment, and segregation. Depletion of Chmp4c diminishes localization of RZZ and Mad1-Mad2 checkpoint proteins to prometaphase kinetochores and impairs mitotic arrest when microtubules are depolymerized by nocodazole. Furthermore, Chmp4c binds to ZW10 through a small C-terminal region, and constitutive Chmp4c kinetochore targeting causes a ZW10-dependent checkpoint metaphase arrest. In addition, Chmp4c spindle functions do not require endosomal sorting complex required for transport-dependent membrane remodeling. These results show that Chmp4c regulates the mitotic spindle checkpoint by promoting localization of the RZZ complex to unattached kinetochores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsalaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Dandoulaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Zachos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dwivedi D, Sharma M. Multiple Roles, Multiple Adaptors: Dynein During Cell Cycle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1112:13-30. [PMID: 30637687 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynein is an essential protein complex present in most eukaryotes that regulate biological processes ranging from ciliary beating, intracellular transport, to cell division. Elucidating the detailed mechanism of dynein function has been a challenging task owing to its large molecular weight and high complexity of the motor. With the advent of technologies in the last two decades, studies have uncovered a wealth of information about the structural, biochemical, and cell biological roles of this motor protein. Cytoplasmic dynein associates with dynactin through adaptor proteins to mediate retrograde transport of vesicles, mRNA, proteins, and organelles on the microtubule tracts. In a mitotic cell, dynein has multiple localizations, such as at the nuclear envelope, kinetochores, mitotic spindle and spindle poles, and cell cortex. In line with this, dynein regulates multiple events during the cell cycle, such as centrosome separation, nuclear envelope breakdown, spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation, chromosome segregation, and spindle positioning. Here, we provide an overview of dynein structure and function with focus on the roles played by this motor during different stages of the cell cycle. Further, we review in detail the role of dynactin and dynein adaptors that regulate both recruitment and activity of dynein during the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun CY, Sun C, Cheng R, Shi S, Han Y, Li XQ, Zhi JX, Li FF, Liu SL. Rs2459976 in ZW10 gene associated with congenital heart diseases in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3867-3874. [PMID: 29423089 PMCID: PMC5790506 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are a large group of prevalent and complex anatomic malformations of the heart, with the genetic basis remaining largely unknown. Since genes or factors associated with the differentiation of human embryonic stem (HES) cells would affect the development of all embryonic tissues, including cardiac progenitor cells, we postulated their potential roles in CHD. In this study, we focused on ZW10, a kinetochore protein involved in the process of proper chromosome segregation, and conducted comparative studies between CHD patients and normal controls matched in gender and age in Chinese Han populations. We identified three variations in the ZW10 gene, including rs2885987, rs2271261 and rs2459976, which all had high genetic heterozygosity. Association analysis of these genetic variations with CHD showed correlation between rs2459976 and the risk of CHD. We conclude that rs2459976 in the ZW10 gene is associated with CHD in Chinese Han populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Sun
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chi Sun
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-Xin Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei-Feng Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy and Genomics Research Center, State-Province Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lewis CW, Jin Z, Macdonald D, Wei W, Qian XJ, Choi WS, He R, Sun X, Chan G. Prolonged mitotic arrest induced by Wee1 inhibition sensitizes breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73705-73722. [PMID: 29088738 PMCID: PMC5650293 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wee1 kinase is a crucial negative regulator of Cdk1/cyclin B1 activity and is required for normal entry into and exit from mitosis. Wee1 activity can be chemically inhibited by the small molecule MK-1775, which is currently being tested in phase I/II clinical trials in combination with other anti-cancer drugs. MK-1775 promotes cancer cells to bypass the cell-cycle checkpoints and prematurely enter mitosis. In our study, we show premature mitotic cells that arise from MK-1775 treatment exhibited centromere fragmentation, a morphological feature of mitotic catastrophe that is characterized by centromeres and kinetochore proteins that co-cluster away from the condensed chromosomes. In addition to stimulating early mitotic entry, MK-1775 treatment also delayed mitotic exit. Specifically, cells treated with MK-1775 following release from G1/S or prometaphase arrested in mitosis. MK-1775 induced arrest occurred at metaphase and thus, cells required 12 times longer to transition into anaphase compared to controls. Consistent with an arrest in mitosis, MK-1775 treated prometaphase cells maintained high cyclin B1 and low phospho-tyrosine 15 Cdk1. Importantly, MK-1775 induced mitotic arrest resulted in cell death regardless the of cell-cycle phase prior to treatment suggesting that Wee1 inhibitors are also anti-mitotic agents. We found that paclitaxel enhances MK-1775 mediated cell killing. HeLa and different breast cancer cell lines (T-47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231) treated with different concentrations of MK-1775 and low dose paclitaxel exhibited reduced cell survival compared to mono-treatments. Our data highlight a new potential strategy for enhancing MK-1775 mediated cell killing in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| | - Zhigang Jin
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| | - Dawn Macdonald
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| | - Wenya Wei
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Xu Jing Qian
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Won Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Ruicen He
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| | - Gordon Chan
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gama JB, Pereira C, Simões PA, Celestino R, Reis RM, Barbosa DJ, Pires HR, Carvalho C, Amorim J, Carvalho AX, Cheerambathur DK, Gassmann R. Molecular mechanism of dynein recruitment to kinetochores by the Rod-Zw10-Zwilch complex and Spindly. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:943-960. [PMID: 28320824 PMCID: PMC5379953 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynein motor is recruited to the kinetochore to capture spindle microtubules and control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Gama et al. reveal the molecular mechanism of how the Rod–Zw10–Zwilch complex and Spindly mediate dynein recruitment in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. The molecular motor dynein concentrates at the kinetochore region of mitotic chromosomes in animals to accelerate spindle microtubule capture and to control spindle checkpoint signaling. In this study, we describe the molecular mechanism used by the Rod–Zw10–Zwilch complex and the adaptor Spindly to recruit dynein to kinetochores in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos and human cells. We show that Rod’s N-terminal β-propeller and the associated Zwilch subunit bind Spindly’s C-terminal domain, and we identify a specific Zwilch mutant that abrogates Spindly and dynein recruitment in vivo and Spindly binding to a Rod β-propeller–Zwilch complex in vitro. Spindly’s N-terminal coiled-coil uses distinct motifs to bind dynein light intermediate chain and the pointed-end complex of dynactin. Mutations in these motifs inhibit assembly of a dynein–dynactin–Spindly complex, and a null mutant of the dynactin pointed-end subunit p27 prevents kinetochore recruitment of dynein–dynactin without affecting other mitotic functions of the motor. Conservation of Spindly-like motifs in adaptors involved in intracellular transport suggests a common mechanism for linking dynein to cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José B Gama
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia A Simões
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Celestino
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita M Reis
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel J Barbosa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena R Pires
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Amorim
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana X Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal .,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mosalaganti S, Keller J, Altenfeld A, Winzker M, Rombaut P, Saur M, Petrovic A, Wehenkel A, Wohlgemuth S, Müller F, Maffini S, Bange T, Herzog F, Waldmann H, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of its interaction with Spindly. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:961-981. [PMID: 28320825 PMCID: PMC5379955 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rod–Zw10–Zwilch (RZZ) complex assembles as a fibrous corona on kinetochores before microtubule attachment during mitotic spindle formation. Mosalaganti et al. provide new structural insight into the Spindly–RZZ complex that suggests that it resembles a dynein adaptor–cargo pair in the kinetochore corona. Kinetochores are macromolecular assemblies that connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules (MTs) during mitosis. The metazoan-specific ≈800-kD ROD–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex builds a fibrous corona that assembles on mitotic kinetochores before MT attachment to promote chromosome alignment and robust spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. In this study, we combine biochemical reconstitutions, single-particle electron cryomicroscopy, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and structural modeling to build a complete model of human RZZ. We find that RZZ is structurally related to self-assembling cytosolic coat scaffolds that mediate membrane cargo trafficking, including Clathrin, Sec13–Sec31, and αβ’ε-COP. We show that Spindly, a dynein adaptor, is related to BicD2 and binds RZZ directly in a farnesylation-dependent but membrane-independent manner. Through a targeted chemical biology approach, we identify ROD as the Spindly farnesyl receptor. Our results suggest that RZZ is dynein’s cargo at human kinetochores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Mosalaganti
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jenny Keller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anika Altenfeld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Winzker
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pascaline Rombaut
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Saur
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wehenkel
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tanja Bange
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franz Herzog
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany .,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Musacchio A, Desai A. A Molecular View of Kinetochore Assembly and Function. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:E5. [PMID: 28125021 PMCID: PMC5371998 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kinetochores are large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles in order to distribute the replicated genome from a mother cell to its daughters. Kinetochores also control feedback mechanisms responsible for the correction of incorrect microtubule attachments, and for the coordination of chromosome attachment with cell cycle progression. Finally, kinetochores contribute to their own preservation, across generations, at the specific chromosomal loci devoted to host them, the centromeres. They achieve this in most species by exploiting an epigenetic, DNA-sequence-independent mechanism; notable exceptions are budding yeasts where a specific sequence is associated with centromere function. In the last 15 years, extensive progress in the elucidation of the composition of the kinetochore and the identification of various physical and functional modules within its substructure has led to a much deeper molecular understanding of kinetochore organization and the origins of its functional output. Here, we provide a broad summary of this progress, focusing primarily on kinetochores of humans and budding yeast, while highlighting work from other models, and present important unresolved questions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany.
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Corbett KD. Molecular Mechanisms of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Activation and Silencing. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 56:429-455. [PMID: 28840248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cell division, the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) plays a key regulatory role by monitoring the status of chromosome-microtubule attachments and allowing chromosome segregation only after all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle microtubules. While the identities of SAC components have been known, in some cases, for over two decades, the molecular mechanisms of the SAC have remained mostly mysterious until very recently. In the past few years, advances in biochemical reconstitution, structural biology, and bioinformatics have fueled an explosion in the molecular understanding of the SAC. This chapter seeks to synthesize these recent advances and place them in a biological context, in order to explain the mechanisms of SAC activation and silencing at a molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Corbett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sharif SR, Islam A, Moon IS. N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine Kinase Interacts with Dynein-Lis1-NudE1 Complex and Regulates Cell Division. Mol Cells 2016; 39:669-79. [PMID: 27646688 PMCID: PMC5050531 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase (GlcNAc kinase or NAGK) primarily catalyzes phosphoryl transfer to GlcNAc during amino sugar metabolism. Recently, it was shown NAGK interacts with dynein light chain roadblock type 1 (DYNLRB1) and upregulates axo-dendritic growth, which is an enzyme activity-independent, non-canonical structural role. The authors examined the distributions of NAGK and NAGK-dynein complexes during the cell cycle in HEK293T cells. NAGK was expressed throughout different stages of cell division and immunocytochemistry (ICC) showed NAGK was localized at nuclear envelope, spindle microtubules (MTs), and kinetochores (KTs). A proximity ligation assay (PLA) for NAGK and DYNLRB1 revealed NAGK-dynein complex on nuclear envelopes in prophase cells and on chromosomes in metaphase cells. NAGK-DYNLRB1 PLA followed by Lis1/NudE1 immunostaining showed NAGK-dynein complexes were colocalized with Lis1 and NudE1 signals, and PLA for NAGK-Lis1 showed similar signal patterns, suggesting a functional link between NAGK and dynein-Lis1 complex. Subsequently, NAGK-dynein complexes were found in KTs and on nuclear membranes where KTs were marked with CENP-B ICC and nuclear membrane with lamin ICC. Furthermore, knockdown of NAGK by small hairpin (sh) RNA was found to delay cell division. These results indicate that the NAGK-dynein interaction with the involvements of Lis1 and NudE1 plays an important role in prophase nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) and metaphase MT-KT attachment during eukaryotic cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Ridita Sharif
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066,
Korea
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066,
Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066,
Korea
- Section of Neuroscience, Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eymery A, Liu Z, Ozonov EA, Stadler MB, Peters AHFM. The methyltransferase Setdb1 is essential for meiosis and mitosis in mouse oocytes and early embryos. Development 2016; 143:2767-79. [PMID: 27317807 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oocytes develop the competence for meiosis and early embryogenesis during their growth. Setdb1 is a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase required for post-implantation development and has been implicated in the transcriptional silencing of genes and endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs). To address its role in oogenesis and pre-implantation development, we conditionally deleted Setdb1 in growing oocytes. Loss of Setdb1 expression greatly impaired meiosis. It delayed meiotic resumption, altered the dynamics of chromatin condensation, and impaired kinetochore-spindle interactions, bipolar spindle organization and chromosome segregation in more mature oocytes. The observed phenotypes related to changes in abundance of specific transcripts in mutant oocytes. Setdb1 maternally deficient embryos arrested during pre-implantation development and showed comparable defects during cell cycle progression and in chromosome segregation. Finally, transcriptional profiling data indicate that Setdb1 downregulates rather than silences expression of ERVK and ERVL-MaLR retrotransposons and associated chimearic transcripts during oogenesis. Our results identify Setdb1 as a newly discovered meiotic and embryonic competence factor safeguarding genome integrity at the onset of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Eymery
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Zichuan Liu
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Evgeniy A Ozonov
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Stadler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Antoine H F M Peters
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel 4058, Switzerland Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou H, Wang T, Zheng T, Teng J, Chen J. Cep57 is a Mis12-interacting kinetochore protein involved in kinetochore targeting of Mad1-Mad2. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10151. [PMID: 26743940 PMCID: PMC4729865 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) arrests cells in mitosis by sensing unattached kinetochores, until all chromosomes are bi-oriented by spindle microtubules. Kinetochore accumulation of the SAC component Mad1–Mad2 is crucial for SAC activation. However, the mechanism by which Mad1–Mad2 accumulation at kinetochores is regulated is not clear. Here we find that Cep57 is localized to kinetochores in human cells, and binds to Mis12, a KMN (KNL1/Mis12 complex/Ndc80 complex) network component. Cep57 also interacts with Mad1, and depletion of Cep57 results in decreased kinetochore localization of Mad1–Mad2, reduced SAC signalling and increased chromosome segregation errors. We also show that the microtubule-binding activity of Cep57 is involved in the timely removal of Mad1 from kinetochores. Thus, these findings reveal that the KMN network-binding protein Cep57 is a mitotic kinetochore component, and demonstrate the functional connection between the KMN network and the SAC. The spindle assembly checkpoint relies on the accumulation of Mad1-Mad2 at kinetochores, but the mechanism of regulation is not known. Here Zhou et al. show that the centrosomal protein Cep57 interacts with the kinetochore proteins Mis12 and Mad1, and regulates the recruitment of Mad1/Mad2 to kinetochores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junlin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Głuszek AA, Cullen CF, Li W, Battaglia RA, Radford SJ, Costa MF, McKim KS, Goshima G, Ohkura H. The microtubule catastrophe promoter Sentin delays stable kinetochore-microtubule attachment in oocytes. J Cell Biol 2015; 211:1113-20. [PMID: 26668329 PMCID: PMC4687879 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201507006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule catastrophe-promoting complex Sentin-EB1 delays stable kinetochore–microtubule attachment and facilitates bipolar attachment of homologous chromosomes in Drosophila oocytes. The critical step in meiosis is to attach homologous chromosomes to the opposite poles. In mouse oocytes, stable microtubule end-on attachments to kinetochores are not established until hours after spindle assembly, and phosphorylation of kinetochore proteins by Aurora B/C is responsible for the delay. Here we demonstrated that microtubule ends are actively prevented from stable attachment to kinetochores until well after spindle formation in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes. We identified the microtubule catastrophe-promoting complex Sentin-EB1 as a major factor responsible for this delay. Without this activity, microtubule ends precociously form robust attachments to kinetochores in oocytes, leading to a high proportion of homologous kinetochores stably attached to the same pole. Therefore, regulation of microtubule ends provides an alternative novel mechanism to delay stable kinetochore–microtubule attachment in oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Agata Głuszek
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - C Fiona Cullen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Wenjing Li
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | | | - Mariana F Costa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Kim S McKim
- Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohkura
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Samejima I, Spanos C, Alves FDL, Hori T, Perpelescu M, Zou J, Rappsilber J, Fukagawa T, Earnshaw WC. Whole-proteome genetic analysis of dependencies in assembly of a vertebrate kinetochore. J Cell Biol 2015; 211:1141-56. [PMID: 26668330 PMCID: PMC4687880 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201508072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-proteome analysis of isolated mitotic chromosomes from 11 kinetochore structural and assembly mutants is used to develop dependency and correlation maps for protein subcomplexes that confirm many published interactions and also reveal novel dependencies between kinetochore components. Kinetochores orchestrate mitotic chromosome segregation. Here, we use quantitative mass spectrometry of mitotic chromosomes isolated from a comprehensive set of chicken DT40 mutants to examine the dependencies of 93 confirmed and putative kinetochore proteins for stable association with chromosomes. Clustering and network analysis reveal both known and unexpected aspects of coordinated behavior for members of kinetochore protein complexes. Surprisingly, CENP-T depends on CENP-N for chromosome localization. The Ndc80 complex exhibits robust correlations with all other complexes in a “core” kinetochore network. Ndc80 associated with CENP-T interacts with a cohort of Rod, zw10, and zwilch (RZZ)–interacting proteins that includes Spindly, Mad1, and CENP-E. This complex may coordinate microtubule binding with checkpoint signaling. Ndc80 associated with CENP-C forms the KMN (Knl1, Mis12, Ndc80) network and may be the microtubule-binding “workhorse” of the kinetochore. Our data also suggest that CENP-O and CENP-R may regulate the size of the inner kinetochore without influencing the assembly of the outer kinetochore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Samejima
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Flavia de Lima Alves
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Tetsuya Hori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Marinela Perpelescu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Juan Zou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vernì F, Cenci G. The Drosophila histone variant H2A.V works in concert with HP1 to promote kinetochore-driven microtubule formation. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:577-88. [PMID: 25591068 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.991176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other organisms that have evolved distinct H2A variants for different functions, Drosophila melanogaster has just one variant which is capable of filling many roles. This protein, H2A.V, combines the features of the conserved variants H2A.Z and H2A.X in transcriptional control/heterochromatin assembly and DNA damage response, respectively. Here we show that mutations in the gene encoding H2A.V affect chromatin compaction and perturb chromosome segregation in Drosophila mitotic cells. A microtubule (MT) regrowth assay after cold exposure revealed that loss of H2A.V impairs the formation of kinetochore-driven (k) fibers, which can account for defects in chromosome segregation. All defects are rescued by a transgene encoding H2A.V that lacks the H2A.X function in the DNA damage response, suggesting that the H2A.Z (but not H2A.X) functionality of H2A.V is required for chromosome segregation. We also found that loss of H2A.V weakens HP1 localization, specifically at the pericentric heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes. Interestingly, loss of HP1 yielded not only telomeric fusions but also mitotic defects similar to those seen in H2A.V null mutants, suggesting a role for HP1 in chromosome segregation. We also show that H2A.V precipitates HP1 from larval brain extracts indicating that both proteins are part of the same complex. Moreover, we found that the overexpression of HP1 rescues chromosome missegregation and defects in the kinetochore-driven k-fiber regrowth of H2A.V mutants indicating that both phenotypes are influenced by unbalanced levels of HP1. Collectively, our results suggest that H2A.V and HP1 work in concert to ensure kinetochore-driven MT growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Vernì
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" ; Sapienza Università di Roma ; Roma , Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Woo Seo D, Yeop You S, Chung WJ, Cho DH, Kim JS, Su Oh J. Zwint-1 is required for spindle assembly checkpoint function and kinetochore-microtubule attachment during oocyte meiosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15431. [PMID: 26486467 PMCID: PMC4614028 DOI: 10.1038/srep15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The key step for faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis is kinetochore assembly. Defects in this process result in aneuploidy, leading to miscarriages, infertility and various birth defects. However, the roles of kinetochores in homologous chromosome segregation during meiosis are ill-defined. Here we found that Zwint-1 is required for homologous chromosome segregation during meiosis. Knockdown of Zwint-1 accelerated the first meiosis by abrogating the kinetochore recruitment of Mad2, leading to chromosome misalignment and a high incidence of aneuploidy. Although Zwint-1 knockdown did not affect Aurora C kinase activity, the meiotic defects following Zwint-1 knockdown were similar to those observed with ZM447439 treatment. Importantly, the chromosome misalignment following Aurora C kinase inhibition was not restored after removing the inhibitor in Zwint-1-knockdown oocytes, whereas the defect was rescued after the inhibitor washout in the control oocytes. These results suggest that Aurora C kinase-mediated correction of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachment is primarily regulated by Zwint-1. Our results provide the first evidence that Zwint-1 is required to correct erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachment and regulate spindle checkpoint function during meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Seo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Seung Yeop You
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Chung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ji Z, Gao H, Yu H. CELL DIVISION CYCLE. Kinetochore attachment sensed by competitive Mps1 and microtubule binding to Ndc80C. Science 2015; 348:1260-4. [PMID: 26068854 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint of the cell division cycle senses kinetochores that are not attached to microtubules and prevents precocious onset of anaphase, which can lead to aneuploidy. The nuclear division cycle 80 complex (Ndc80C) is a major microtubule receptor at the kinetochore. Ndc80C also mediates the kinetochore recruitment of checkpoint proteins. We found that the checkpoint protein kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) directly bound to Ndc80C through two independent interactions. Both interactions involved the microtubule-binding surfaces of Ndc80C and were directly inhibited in the presence of microtubules. Elimination of one such interaction in human cells caused checkpoint defects expected from a failure to detect unattached kinetochores. Competition between Mps1 and microtubules for Ndc80C binding thus constitutes a direct mechanism for the detection of unattached kinetochores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhejian Ji
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 74390, USA
| | - Haishan Gao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 74390, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 74390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Moudgil DK, Westcott N, Famulski JK, Patel K, Macdonald D, Hang H, Chan GKT. A novel role of farnesylation in targeting a mitotic checkpoint protein, human Spindly, to kinetochores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:881-96. [PMID: 25825516 PMCID: PMC4384735 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint protein Spindly is farnesylated in vivo and this modification is required for its interaction with the RZZ complex and its localization to kinetochores. Kinetochore (KT) localization of mitotic checkpoint proteins is essential for their function during mitosis. hSpindly KT localization is dependent on the RZZ complex and hSpindly recruits the dynein–dynactin complex to KTs during mitosis, but the mechanism of hSpindly KT recruitment is unknown. Through domain-mapping studies we characterized the KT localization domain of hSpindly and discovered it undergoes farnesylation at the C-terminal cysteine residue. The N-terminal 293 residues of hSpindly are dispensable for its KT localization. Inhibition of farnesylation using a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) abrogated hSpindly KT localization without affecting RZZ complex, CENP-E, and CENP-F KT localization. We showed that hSpindly is farnesylated in vivo and farnesylation is essential for its interaction with the RZZ complex and hence KT localization. FTI treatment and hSpindly knockdown displayed the same mitotic phenotypes, indicating that hSpindly is a key FTI target in mitosis. Our data show a novel role of lipidation in targeting a checkpoint protein to KTs through protein–protein interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Westcott
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jakub K Famulski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Kinjal Patel
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Dawn Macdonald
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Howard Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Gordon K T Chan
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang G, Lischetti T, Hayward DG, Nilsson J. Distinct domains in Bub1 localize RZZ and BubR1 to kinetochores to regulate the checkpoint. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7162. [PMID: 26031201 PMCID: PMC4458899 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures proper chromosome segregation by delaying anaphase onset in response to unattached kinetochores. Checkpoint signalling requires the kinetochore localization of the Mad1–Mad2 complex that in more complex eukaryotes depends on the Rod–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex. The kinetochore protein Zwint has been proposed to be the kinetochore receptor for RZZ, but here we show that Bub1 and not Zwint is required for RZZ recruitment. We find that the middle region of Bub1 encompassing a domain essential for SAC signalling contributes to RZZ localization. In addition, we show that a distinct region in Bub1 mediates kinetochore localization of BubR1 through direct binding, but surprisingly removal of this region increases checkpoint strength. Our work thus uncovers how Bub1 coordinates checkpoint signalling by distinct domains for RZZ and BubR1 recruitment and suggests that Bub1 localizes antagonistic checkpoint activities. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) depends on the recruitment of specific protein complexes to the kinetochore. Here Zhang et al. show that Bub1 recruits the RZZ complex and BubR1 to the kinetochore, and loss of the BubR1 binding sequence enhances checkpoint activity suggesting both SAC activating and silencing roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiziana Lischetti
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel G Hayward
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ibrahim B. Systems Biology Modeling of Five Pathways for Regulation and Potent Inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC/C): Pivotal Roles for MCC and BubR1. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:294-305. [PMID: 25871779 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Correct DNA segregation is a fundamental process that ensures the precise and reliable inheritance of genomic information for the propagation of cell life. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a conserved surveillance control mechanism for DNA segregation named the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC).The SAC ensures that the sister chromatids of the duplicated genome are not separated and distributed to the spindle poles before all chromosomes have been properly linked to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. Biochemically, the SAC delays cell cycle progression by preventing activation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) or cyclosome whose activation by Cdc20 is required for sister-chromatid separation; this marks the transition into anaphase. In response to activation of the checkpoint, various species control the activity of both APC/C and Cdc20. However, the underlying regulatory pathways remain largely elusive. In this study, five possible model variants of APC/C regulation were constructed, namely BubR1, Mad2, MCC, MCF2, and an all-pathways model variant. These models were validated with experimental data from the literature. A wide range of parameter values has been tested to find the critical values of the APC/C binding rate. The results show that all variants are able to capture the wild-type behavior of the APC/C. However, only one model variant, which included both MCC as well as BubR1 as potent inhibitors of the APC/C, was able to reproduce both wild-type and mutant type behavior of APC/C regulation. In conclusion, the presented work informs the regulation of fundamental processes such as SAC and APC/C in cell biology and has successfully distinguished between five competing dynamical models using a systems biology approach. The results attest that systems-level approaches are vital for molecular and cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Ibrahim
- 1 Bio System Analysis Group, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , and Jena Centre for Bioinformatics (JCB), Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Holland AJ, Reis RM, Niessen S, Pereira C, Andres DA, Spielmann HP, Cleveland DW, Desai A, Gassmann R. Preventing farnesylation of the dynein adaptor Spindly contributes to the mitotic defects caused by farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1845-56. [PMID: 25808490 PMCID: PMC4436830 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetochore-specific dynein adaptor Spindly is identified as a novel substrate of farnesyltransferase in human cells. Farnesylation is required for Spindly accumulation at kinetochores, and nonfarnesylated Spindly delays chromosome congression, providing new mechanistic insight into the biological effect of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. The clinical interest in farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) makes it important to understand how these compounds affect cellular processes involving farnesylated proteins. Mitotic abnormalities observed after treatment with FTIs have so far been attributed to defects in the farnesylation of the outer kinetochore proteins CENP-E and CENP-F, which are involved in chromosome congression and spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. Here we identify the cytoplasmic dynein adaptor Spindly as an additional component of the outer kinetochore that is modified by farnesyltransferase (FTase). We show that farnesylation of Spindly is essential for its localization, and thus for the proper localization of dynein and its cofactor dynactin, to prometaphase kinetochores and that Spindly kinetochore recruitment is more severely affected by FTase inhibition than kinetochore recruitment of CENP-E and CENP-F. Molecular replacement experiments show that both Spindly and CENP-E farnesylation are required for efficient chromosome congression. The identification of Spindly as a new mitotic substrate of FTase provides insight into the causes of the mitotic phenotypes observed with FTase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Holland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research/Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rita M Reis
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, Center for Physiological Proteomics, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Douglas A Andres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - H Peter Spielmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Chemistry, Markey Cancer Center, Kentucky Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research/Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research/Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|