1
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Drainas AP, Hsu WH, Dallas AE, Poltorack CD, Kim JW, He A, Coles GL, Baron M, Bassik MC, Sage J. GCN2 is a determinant of the response to WEE1 kinase inhibition in small-cell lung cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114606. [PMID: 39120974 PMCID: PMC11407228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) are in dire need of more effective therapeutic options. Frequent disruption of the G1 checkpoint in SCLC cells creates a dependency on the G2/M checkpoint to maintain genomic integrity. Indeed, in pre-clinical models, inhibiting the G2/M checkpoint kinase WEE1 shows promise in inhibiting SCLC growth. However, toxicity and acquired resistance limit the clinical effectiveness of this strategy. Here, using CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens in vitro and in vivo, we identified multiple factors influencing the response of SCLC cells to the WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775, including the GCN2 kinase and other members of its signaling pathway. Rapid activation of GCN2 upon AZD1775 treatment triggers a stress response in SCLC cells. Pharmacological or genetic activation of the GCN2 pathway enhances cancer cell killing by AZD1775. Thus, activation of the GCN2 pathway represents a promising strategy to increase the efficacy of WEE1 inhibitors in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros P Drainas
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hao Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alec E Dallas
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carson D Poltorack
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun W Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andy He
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Garry L Coles
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maya Baron
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Hipp MS, Hartl FU. Interplay of Proteostasis Capacity and Protein Aggregation: Implications for Cellular Function and Disease. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168615. [PMID: 38759929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are equipped with an intricate proteostasis network (PN), comprising nearly 3,000 components dedicated to preserving proteome integrity and sustaining protein homeostasis. This protective system is particularly important under conditions of external and intrinsic cell stress, where inherently dynamic proteins may unfold and lose functionality. A decline in proteostasis capacity is associated with the aging process, resulting in a reduced folding efficiency of newly synthesized proteins and a deficit in the cellular capacity to degrade misfolded proteins. A critical consequence of PN insufficiency is the accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates that underlie various age-related neurodegenerative conditions and other pathologies. By interfering with specific proteostasis components, toxic aggregates place an excessive burden on the PN's ability to maintain proteome integrity. This initiates a feed-forward loop, wherein the generation of misfolded and aggregated proteins ultimately leads to proteostasis collapse and cellular demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Hipp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan, 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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3
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Ha G, Dieterle P, Shen H, Amir A, Needleman DJ. Measuring and modeling the dynamics of mitotic error correction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2323009121. [PMID: 38875144 PMCID: PMC11194551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2323009121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Error correction is central to many biological systems and is critical for protein function and cell health. During mitosis, error correction is required for the faithful inheritance of genetic material. When functioning properly, the mitotic spindle segregates an equal number of chromosomes to daughter cells with high fidelity. Over the course of spindle assembly, many initially erroneous attachments between kinetochores and microtubules are fixed through the process of error correction. Despite the importance of chromosome segregation errors in cancer and other diseases, there is a lack of methods to characterize the dynamics of error correction and how it can go wrong. Here, we present an experimental method and analysis framework to quantify chromosome segregation error correction in human tissue culture cells with live cell confocal imaging, timed premature anaphase, and automated counting of kinetochores after cell division. We find that errors decrease exponentially over time during spindle assembly. A coarse-grained model, in which errors are corrected in a chromosome-autonomous manner at a constant rate, can quantitatively explain both the measured error correction dynamics and the distribution of anaphase onset times. We further validated our model using perturbations that destabilized microtubules and changed the initial configuration of chromosomal attachments. Taken together, this work provides a quantitative framework for understanding the dynamics of mitotic error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ha
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Paul Dieterle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Hao Shen
- Reverie Labs, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Ariel Amir
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Daniel J. Needleman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
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4
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Chowdhury SR, Koley T, Singh M, Samath EA, Kaur P. Association of Hsp90 with p53 and Fizzy related homolog (Fzr) synchronizing Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C): An unexplored ally towards oncogenic pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188883. [PMID: 36972769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The intricate molecular interactions leading to the oncogenic pathway are the consequence of cell cycle modification controlled by a bunch of cell cycle regulatory proteins. The tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulatory proteins work in coordination to maintain a healthy cellular environment. The integrity of this cellular protein pool is perpetuated by heat shock proteins/chaperones, which assist in proper protein folding during normal and cellular stress conditions. Among these versatile groups of chaperone proteins, Hsp90 is one of the significant ATP-dependent chaperones that aid in stabilizing many tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulator protein targets. Recently, studies have revealed that in cancerous cell lines, Hsp90 stabilizes mutant p53, 'the guardian of the genome.' Hsp90 also has a significant impact on Fzr, an essential regulator of the cell cycle having an important role in the developmental process of various organisms, including Drosophila, yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and plants. During cell cycle progression, p53 and Fzr coordinately regulate the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C) from metaphase to anaphase transition up to cell cycle exit. APC/C mediates proper centrosome function in the dividing cell. The centrosome acts as the microtubule organizing center for the correct segregation of the sister chromatids to ensure perfect cell division. This review examines the structure of Hsp90 and its co-chaperones, which work in synergy to stabilize proteins such as p53 and Fizzy-related homolog (Fzr) to synchronize the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C). Dysfunction of this process activates the oncogenic pathway leading to the development of cancer. Additionally, an overview of current drugs targeting Hsp90 at various phases of clinical trials has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghati Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tirthankar Koley
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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5
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Javed A, Özduman G, Altun S, Duran D, Yerli D, Özar T, Şimşek F, Sami Korkmaz K. Mitotic kinase inhibitors as Therapeutic Interventions for Prostate Cancer: Evidence from In vitro Studies. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:EMIDDT-EPUB-129979. [PMID: 36872354 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230303092243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the devastating diseases characterized by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled growth and metastasis of the cells of the prostate gland and affects men worldwide. Conventional hormonal and chemotherapeutic agents are effective in mitigating the disease if diagnosed at an early stage. All dividing eukaryotic cells require mitotic progression for the maintenance of genomic integrity in progeny populations. The protein kinases, upon activation and de-activation in an ordered fashion, lead to spatial and temporal regulation of the cell division process. The entry into mitosis along with the progression into sub-phases of mitosis is ensured due to the activity of mitotic kinases. These kinases include Polo-Like-Kinase 1 (PLK1), Aurora kinases, and Cyclin-Dependent-Kinase 1 (CDK1), among others. The mitotic kinases, among others, are usually overexpressed in many cancers and can be targeted using small molecule inhibitors to reduce the effects of these regulators on mechanisms, such as regulation of genomic integrity and mitotic fidelity. In this review, we attempted to discuss the appropriate functions of mitotic kinases revealed through cell culture studies and the impact of their respective inhibitors derived in pre-clinical studies. The review is designed to elucidate the growing field of small molecule inhibitors and their functional screening or mode of action at the cellular and molecular level in the context of Prostate Cancer. Therefore, studies performed specifically on cells of Prostatic-origin are narrated in this review, culminating in a comprehensive view of the specific field of mitotic kinases that can be targeted for therapy of Prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Javed
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülseren Özduman
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevda Altun
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Doğan Duran
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilan Yerli
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tilbe Özar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Faruk Şimşek
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Lan X, Zhao L, Zhang J, Shao Y, Qv Y, Huang J, Cai L. Comprehensive analysis of karyopherin alpha family expression in lung adenocarcinoma: Association with prognostic value and immune homeostasis. Front Genet 2022; 13:956314. [PMID: 35991543 PMCID: PMC9382304 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.956314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Karyopherin alpha (KPNA), a nuclear transporter, has been implicated in the development as well as the progression of many types of malignancies. Immune homeostasis is a multilevel system which regulated by multiple factors. However, the functional significance of the KPNA family in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the impact of immune homeostasis are not well characterized. Methods: In this study, by integrating the TCGA-LUAD database and Masked Somatic Mutation, we first conducted an investigation on the expression levels and mutation status of the KPNA family in patients with LUAD. Then, we constructed a prognostic model based on clinical features and the expression of the KPNA family. We performed functional enrichment analysis and constructed a regulatory network utilizing the differential genes in high-and low-risk groups. Lastly, we performed immune infiltration analysis using CIBERSORT. Results: Analysis of TCGA datasets revealed differential expression of the KPNA family in LUAD. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that the high expression of KPNA2 and KPNA4 were predictive of inferior overall survival (OS). In addition, we constructed a prognostic model incorporating clinical factors and the expression level of KPNA4 and KPNA5, which accurately predicted 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years survival outcomes. Patients in the high-risk group showed a poor prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis exhibited remarkable enrichment of transcriptional dysregulation in the high-risk group. On the other hand, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) displayed enrichment of cell cycle checkpoints as well as cell cycle mitotic in the high-risk group. Finally, analysis of immune infiltration revealed significant differences between the high-and low-risk groups. Further, the high-risk group was more prone to immune evasion while the inflammatory response was strongly associated with the low-risk group. Conclusions: the KPNA family-based prognostic model reflects many biological aspects of LUAD and provides potential targets for precision therapy in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Lan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingchun Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunmeng Qv
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Li Cai
- *Correspondence: Jian Huang, ; Li Cai,
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7
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Almacellas E, Mauvezin C. Emerging roles of mitotic autophagy. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275665. [PMID: 35686549 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes exert pleiotropic functions to maintain cellular homeostasis and degrade autophagy cargo. Despite the great advances that have boosted our understanding of autophagy and lysosomes in both physiology and pathology, their function in mitosis is still controversial. During mitosis, most organelles are reshaped or repurposed to allow the correct distribution of chromosomes. Mitotic entry is accompanied by a reduction in sites of autophagy initiation, supporting the idea of an inhibition of autophagy to protect the genetic material against harmful degradation. However, there is accumulating evidence revealing the requirement of selective autophagy and functional lysosomes for a faithful chromosome segregation. Degradation is the most-studied lysosomal activity, but recently described alternative functions that operate in mitosis highlight the lysosomes as guardians of mitotic progression. Because the involvement of autophagy in mitosis remains controversial, it is important to consider the specific contribution of signalling cascades, the functions of autophagic proteins and the multiple roles of lysosomes, as three entangled, but independent, factors controlling genomic stability. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in this area and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Almacellas
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caroline Mauvezin
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona c/ Casanova, 143 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), c/ Rosselló, 149-153 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Montero JC, Calvo-Jiménez E, Del Carmen S, Abad M, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. Surfaceome analyses uncover CD98hc as an antibody drug-conjugate target in triple negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:106. [PMID: 35317825 PMCID: PMC8941813 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the incorporation of novel therapeutics, advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) still represents a relevant clinical problem. Considering this, as well as the clinical efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), we aimed at identifying novel ADC targets that could be used to treat TNBC. Methods Transcriptomic analyses were performed on TNBC and normal samples from three different studies. Plasma membrane proteins of three cell lines representative of the TNBC subtype were identified by cell surface biotinylation or plasma membrane isolation, followed by analyses of cell surface proteins using the Surfaceome online tool. Immunofluorescence and western studies were used to characterize the action of a CD98hc-directed ADC, which was prepared by in house coupling of emtansine to an antibody that recognized the ectodomain of CD98hc. Xenografted TNBC cells were used to analyze the antitumoral properties of the anti-CD98hc ADC. Results Comparative genomic studies between normal breast and TNBC tissues, together with proteomic and bioinformatic analyses resulted in the elaboration of a catalog of potential ADC targets. One of them, the CD98hc transmembrane protein, was validated as an ADC target. An antibody recognizing the ectodomain of CD98hc efficiently internalized and reached the lysosomal compartment. An emtansine-based ADC derived from such antibody was prepared and showed antitumoral properties in TNBC in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, the anti-CD98hc ADC blocked cell cycle progression, that was followed by cell death caused by mitotic catastrophe. Conclusions This work describes a list of potential ADC targets in TNBC and validates one of them, the transmembrane protein CD98hc. The studies presented here also demonstrate the robustness of the multiomic approach herewith described to identify novel potential ADC targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02330-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Montero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Elisa Calvo-Jiménez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sofía Del Carmen
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Abad
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
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9
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Yamada C, Morooka A, Miyazaki S, Nagai M, Mase S, Iemura K, Tasnin MN, Takuma T, Nakamura S, Morshed S, Koike N, Mostofa MG, Rahman MA, Sharmin T, Katsuta H, Ohara K, Tanaka K, Ushimaru T. TORC1 inactivation promotes APC/C-dependent mitotic slippage in yeast and human cells. iScience 2022; 25:103675. [PMID: 35141499 PMCID: PMC8814761 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsatisfied kinetochore-microtubule attachment activates the spindle assembly checkpoint to inhibit the metaphase-anaphase transition. However, some cells eventually override mitotic arrest by mitotic slippage. Here, we show that inactivation of TORC1 kinase elicits mitotic slippage in budding yeast and human cells. Yeast mitotic slippage was accompanied with aberrant aspects, such as degradation of the nucleolar protein Net1, release of phosphatase Cdc14, and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)-Cdh1-dependent degradation of securin and cyclin B in metaphase. This mitotic slippage caused chromosome instability. In human cells, mammalian TORC1 (mTORC1) inactivation also invoked mitotic slippage, indicating that TORC1 inactivation-induced mitotic slippage is conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. However, the invoked mitotic slippage in human cells was not dependent on APC/C-Cdh1. This study revealed an unexpected involvement of TORC1 in mitosis and provides information on undesirable side effects of the use of TORC1 inhibitors as immunosuppressants and anti-tumor drugs. Yeast TORC1 inhibition promotes Net1 degradation and Cdc14 release Yeast TORC1 inhibition invokes mitotic slippage in an APC/C-Cdh1-dependent manner Human mTORC1 inhibition also elicits mitotic slippage
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamada
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Aya Morooka
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Seira Miyazaki
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nagai
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Mase
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Kenji Iemura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Most Naoshia Tasnin
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Takuma
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakamura
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Shamsul Morshed
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Naoki Koike
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Md Golam Mostofa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Muhammad Arifur Rahman
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Tasnuva Sharmin
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Haruko Katsuta
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ohara
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushimaru
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan.,Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8021, Japan
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10
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Kariri Y, Toss MS, Alsaleem M, Elsharawy KA, Joseph C, Mongan NP, Green AR, Rakha EA. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) is a poor prognostic biomarker in invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:529-539. [PMID: 35124721 PMCID: PMC8960565 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) is essential for the ubiquitin–proteasome system and is involved in cancer cell migration and apoptosis. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of UBE2C in invasive breast cancer (BC).
Methods
UBE2C was evaluated using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n = 1980), The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 854) and Kaplan–Meier Plotter (n = 3951) cohorts. UBE2C protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in the BC cohort (n = 619). The correlation between UBE2C, clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome was assessed.
Results
High UBE2C mRNA and protein expressions were correlated with features of poor prognosis, including high tumour grade, large size, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, hormone receptor negativity and HER2 positivity. High UBE2C mRNA expression showed a negative association with E-cadherin, and a positive association with adhesion molecule N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases and cyclin-related genes. There was a positive correlation between high UBE2C protein expression and cell cycle-associated biomarkers, p53, Ki67, EGFR and PI3K. High UBE2C protein expression was an independent predictor of poor outcome (p = 0.011, HR = 1.45, 95% CI; 1.10–1.93).
Conclusion
This study indicates that UBE2C is an independent prognostic biomarker in BC. These results warrant further functional validation for UBE2C as a potential therapeutic target in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Kariri
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, 33, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael S Toss
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Applied Medical Science, Applied Collage in Unazyzah, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud A Elsharawy
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Biodiscovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew R Green
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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11
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Chen X, Ma J, Wang X, Zi T, Qian D, Li C, Xu C. CCNB1 and AURKA are critical genes for prostate cancer progression and castration-resistant prostate cancer resistant to vinblastine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1106175. [PMID: 36601001 PMCID: PMC9806262 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy occurring in men. As both an endocrine and gonadal organ, prostate is closely correlated with androgen. So, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective for treating PCa. However, patients will develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage after ADT. Many other treatments for CRPC exist, including chemotherapy. Vinblastine, a chemotherapeutic drug, is used to treat CRPC. However, patients will develop resistance to vinblastine. Genetic alterations have been speculated to play a critical role in CRPC resistance to vinblastine; however, its mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Various databases, such as Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Prostate Cancer Genome and Epigenome Atlas (CPGEA), were used to collect the RNA-sequence data of PCa and CRPC patients and vinblastine-resistant PCa cells. Using online tools, Metascape and TIMER, the pathways and immune infiltration associated with vinblastine resistance-related genes in PCa were analyzed. The function of these genes was verified in clinical samples and CRPC cells. RESULTS Using GSE81277 dataset, we collected the RNA-sequence data of vinblastine sensitive and resistant LNCaP cells and found nine genes (CDC20, LRRFIP1, CCNB1, GPSM2, AURKA, EBLN2, CCDC150, CENPA and TROAP) that correlated with vinblastine resistance. Furthermore, CCNB1, GPSM2 and AURKA were differently expressed between normal prostate and PCa tissues, even influencing PCa progression. The GSE35988 dataset revealed that CCNB1 and AURKA were upregulated in PCa and CRPC samples. Various genes were also found to affect the survival status of PCa patients based on TCGA. These genes were also related to immune cell infiltration. Finally, we verified the function of CCNB1 and AURKA and observed that they were upregulated in PCa and CRPC clinical samples and increased the sensitivity of CRPC cells to vinblastine. CONCLUSION CCNB1 and AURKA are central to CRPC resistance to vinblastine and affect PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin’an Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duocheng Qian
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Duocheng Qian, ; Chao Li, ; Chengdang Xu,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Duocheng Qian, ; Chao Li, ; Chengdang Xu,
| | - Chengdang Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Duocheng Qian, ; Chao Li, ; Chengdang Xu,
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12
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Hu Y, Hu X, Li D, Du Z, Shi K, He C, Zhang Y, Zhang D. The APC/C FZY-1/Cdc20 Complex Coordinates With OMA-1 to Regulate the Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749654. [PMID: 34722532 PMCID: PMC8554129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During oocyte maturation and the oocyte-to-embryo transition, key developmental regulators such as RNA-binding proteins coordinate translation of particular messenger RNA (mRNAs) and related developmental processes by binding to their cognate maternal mRNAs. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, these processes are regulated by a set of CCCH zinc finger proteins. Oocyte maturation defective-1 (OMA-1) and OMA-2 are two functionally redundant CCCH zinc finger proteins that turnover rapidly during the first embryonic cell division. These turnovers are required for proper transition from oogenesis to embryogenesis. A gain-of-function mutant of OMA-1, oma-1(zu405), stabilizes and delays degradation of OMA-1, resulting in delayed turnover and mis-segregation of other cell fate determinants, which eventually causes embryonic lethality. We performed a large-scale forward genetic screen to identify suppressors of the oma-1(zu405) mutant. We show here that multiple alleles affecting functions of various anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunits, including MAT-1, MAT-2, MAT-3, EMB-30, and FZY-1, suppress the gain-of-function mutant of OMA-1. Transcriptome analysis suggested that overall transcription in early embryos occurred after introducing mutations in APC/C genes into the oma-1(zu405) mutant. Mutations in APC/C genes prevent OMA-1 enrichment in P granules and correct delayed degradation of downstream cell fate determinants including pharynx and intestine in excess-1 (PIE-1), posterior segregation-1 (POS-1), muscle excess-3 (MEX-3), and maternal effect germ-cell defective-1 (MEG-1). We demonstrated that only the activator FZY-1, but not FZR-1, is incorporated in the APC/C complex to regulate the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Our findings suggested a genetic relationship linking the APC/C complex and OMA-1, and support a model in which the APC/C complex promotes P granule accumulation and modifies RNA binding of OMA-1 to regulate the oocyte-to-embryo transition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongchen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxia He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Esfandiari Nazzaro E, Sabei FY, Vogel WK, Nazari M, Nicholson KS, Gafken PR, Taratula O, Taratula O, Davare MA, Leid M. Discovery and Validation of a Compound to Target Ewing's Sarcoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101553. [PMID: 34683845 PMCID: PMC8538197 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing’s sarcoma, characterized by pathognomonic t (11; 22) (q24; q12) and related chromosomal ETS family translocations, is a rare aggressive cancer of bone and soft tissue. Current protocols that include cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents effectively treat localized disease; however, these aggressive therapies may result in treatment-related morbidities including second-site cancers in survivors. Moreover, the five-year survival rate in patients with relapsed, recurrent, or metastatic disease is less than 30%, despite intensive therapy with these cytotoxic agents. By using high-throughput phenotypic screening of small molecule libraries, we identified a previously uncharacterized compound (ML111) that inhibited in vitro proliferation of six established Ewing’s sarcoma cell lines with nanomolar potency. Proteomic studies show that ML111 treatment induced prometaphase arrest followed by rapid caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in Ewing’s sarcoma cell lines. ML111, delivered via methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-polycaprolactone copolymer nanoparticles, induced dose-dependent inhibition of Ewing’s sarcoma tumor growth in a murine xenograft model and invoked prometaphase arrest in vivo, consistent with in vitro data. These results suggest that ML111 represents a promising new drug lead for further preclinical studies and is a potential clinical development for the treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Esfandiari Nazzaro
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 88723, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walter K. Vogel
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Mohamad Nazari
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Katelyn S. Nicholson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Philip R. Gafken
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Olena Taratula
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Monika A. Davare
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Mark Leid
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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14
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Chen T, Tian L, Chen J, Zhao X, Zhou J, Guo T, Sheng Q, Zhu L, Liu J, Lv Z. A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Constructs miRNA-mRNA Interaction Network in Hepatoblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655703. [PMID: 34422793 PMCID: PMC8377242 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare disease but nevertheless the most common hepatic tumor in the pediatric population. For patients with advanced HB, the prognosis is dismal and there are limited therapeutic options. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be involved in HB development, but the miRNA–mRNA interaction network in HB remains elusive. Through a comparison between HB and normal liver samples in the GSE131329 dataset, we detected 580 upregulated differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and 790 downregulated DE-mRNAs. As for the GSE153089 dataset, the first cluster of differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were detected between fetal-type tumor and normal liver groups, while the second cluster of DE-miRNAs were detected between embryonal-type tumor and normal liver groups. Through the intersection of these two clusters of DE-miRNAs, 33 upregulated hub miRNAs, and 12 downregulated hub miRNAs were obtained. Based on the respective hub miRNAs, the upstream transcription factors (TFs) were detected via TransmiR v2.0, while the downstream target genes were predicted via miRNet database. The intersection of target genes of respective hub miRNAs and corresponding DE-mRNAs contributed to 250 downregulated candidate genes and 202 upregulated candidate genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses demonstrated the upregulated candidate genes mainly enriched in the terms and pathways relating to the cell cycle. We constructed protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and obtained 211 node pairs for the downregulated candidate genes and 157 node pairs for the upregulated candidate genes. Cytoscape software was applied for visualizing the PPI network and respective top 10 hub genes were identified using CytoHubba. The expression values of hub genes in the PPI network were subsequently validated through Oncopression database followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in HB and matched normal liver tissues, resulting in six significant downregulated genes and seven significant upregulated genes. The miRNA–mRNA interaction network was finally constructed. In conclusion, we uncover various miRNAs, TFs, and hub genes as potential regulators in HB pathogenesis. Additionally, the miRNA–mRNA interaction network, PPI modules, and pathways may provide potential biomarkers for future HB theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianglong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Ferreira LT, Maiato H. Prometaphase. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:52-61. [PMID: 34127384 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of a metaphase plate in which all chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle microtubules and aligned at the cell equator is required for faithful chromosome segregation in metazoans. The achievement of this configuration relies on the precise coordination between several concurrent mechanisms that start upon nuclear envelope breakdown, mediate chromosome capture at their kinetochores during mitotic spindle assembly and culminate with the congression of all chromosomes to the spindle equator. This period is called 'prometaphase'. Because the nature of chromosome capture by mitotic spindle microtubules is error prone, the cell is provided of error correction mechanisms that sense and correct most erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments before committing to separate sister chromatids in anaphase. In this review, aimed for newcomers in the field, more than providing an exhaustive mechanistic coverage of each and every concurrent mechanism taking place during prometaphase, we provide an integrative overview of these processes that ultimately promote the subsequent faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa T Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Xue J, Wu G, Ejaz U, Akhtar F, Wan X, Zhu Y, Geng A, Chen Y, He S. A novel histone deacetylase inhibitor LT-548-133-1 induces apoptosis by inhibiting HDAC and interfering with microtubule assembly in MCF-7 cells. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1222-1231. [PMID: 33788074 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have indicated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have a significant antitumor effect in cancer. Here we report a compound named LT-548-133-1 that not only acts as an HDAC inhibitor but also interferes with microtubule assembly to inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Consistent with Chidamide, LT-548-133-1 inhibited HDAC activity and increased histone H3 acetylation. But the difference is that it significantly induced cell cycle G2/M arrest while Chidamide caused G0/G1 arrest in MCF-7 cells. By Western blotting, we found the accumulation of CyclinB1 and phosphorylated histone H3 in LT-548-133-1 treated cells. Immunofluorescence based microtubule-repolymerization experiments and immunofluorescence staining of cell microtubules and nuclei showed that LT-548-133-1inhibited microtubule-repolymerization and induced mitotic abnormalities. The decreased expression of Bcl-2 and the increased expression of Bax, p53, p21, and cleaved-Caspase3 indicated the occurrence of apoptosis. Flow cytometry results also showed an increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells after administration of LT-548-133-1 or Chidamide. Therefore, we demonstrated that LT-548-133-1 could act as an HDAC inhibitor while inhibiting microtubule-repolymerization, causing mitosis to be arrested in G2/M. These two effects ultimately lead to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Umer Ejaz
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fahad Akhtar
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S2-316 Building 2, West Beichan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Wan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Aixing Geng
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Shuying He
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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17
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Yamashita N, Morita M, Yokota H, Mimori-Kiyosue Y. Digital Spindle: A New Way to Explore Mitotic Functions by Whole Cell Data Collection and a Computational Approach. Cells 2020; 9:E1255. [PMID: 32438637 PMCID: PMC7291015 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
From cells to organisms, every living system is three-dimensional (3D), but the performance of fluorescence microscopy has been largely limited when attempting to obtain an overview of systems' dynamic processes in three dimensions. Recently, advanced light-sheet illumination technologies, allowing drastic improvement in spatial discrimination, volumetric imaging times, and phototoxicity/photobleaching, have been making live imaging to collect precise and reliable 3D information increasingly feasible. In particular, lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM), using an ultrathin light-sheet, enables whole-cell 3D live imaging of cellular processes, including mitosis, at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution for extended periods of time. This technology produces immense and complex data, including a significant amount of information, raising new challenges for big image data analysis and new possibilities for data utilization. Once the data are digitally archived in a computer, the data can be reused for various purposes by anyone at any time. Such an information science approach has the potential to revolutionize the use of bioimage data, and provides an alternative method for cell biology research in a data-driven manner. In this article, we introduce examples of analyzing digital mitotic spindles and discuss future perspectives in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Yamashita
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (N.Y.); (M.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Masahiko Morita
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (N.Y.); (M.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; (N.Y.); (M.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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18
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Farshadi E, van der Horst GT, Chaves I. Molecular Links between the Circadian Clock and the Cell Cycle. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3515-3524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Liu G, Zhao J, Pan B, Ma G, Liu L. UBE2C overexpression in melanoma and its essential role in G2/M transition. J Cancer 2019; 10:2176-2184. [PMID: 31258721 PMCID: PMC6584412 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin‑conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) is a key regulator of cell cycle progression, and its aberrant expression has been implicated in various malignancies. However, its clinical and biological roles in malignant melanoma is still unclear. In this study, we found a significant high expression level of UBE2C in melanoma by an in silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, which was further validated using fresh melanoma samples. The KM plotter showed that UBE2C level was statistically related to the overall survival (OS) of melanoma patients (p<0.01). RNA interference of UBE2C inhibited the growth of melanoma cells via deactivating ERK/Akt signaling pathways, and blocked the G2/M transition through downregulation of both the level and the activity of mitosis promoting factor (MPF), triggering the apoptosis of melanoma cells. Further, silencing of UBE2C significantly inhibited the xenografted tumor growth on nude mice, indicating an important role of UBE2C in melanoma growth in vivo. Together, our results show that UBE2C may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Bone & Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Boyu Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Liren Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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20
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Lane S, Kauppi L. Meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint and aneuploidy in males versus females. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1135-1150. [PMID: 30564841 PMCID: PMC6513798 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The production of gametes (sperm and eggs in mammals) involves two sequential cell divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes segregate to different daughter cells, and meiosis II resembles mitotic divisions in that sister chromatids separate. While in principle the process is identical in males and females, the time frame and susceptibility to chromosomal defects, including achiasmy and cohesion weakening, and the response to mis-segregating chromosomes are not. In this review, we compare and contrast meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint function and aneuploidy in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lane
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
| | - Liisa Kauppi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Sinha D, Duijf PH, Khanna KK. Mitotic slippage: an old tale with a new twist. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:7-15. [PMID: 30601084 PMCID: PMC6343733 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1559557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the mitotic machinery using anti-mitotic drugs for elimination of cancer cells is a century-old concept, which continues to be routinely used as a first line of treatment in the clinic. However, patient response remains unpredictable and drug resistance limits effectiveness of these drugs. Cancer cells exit from drug-induced mitotic arrest (mitotic slippage) to avoid subsequent cell death which is thought to be a major mechanism contributing to this resistance. The tumor cells that acquire resistance to anti-mitotic drugs have chromosomal instability (CIN) and are often aneuploid. In this review, we outline the key mechanisms involved in dictating the cell fate during perturbed mitosis and how these processes impede the efficacy of anti-mitotic therapies. Further, we emphasize the recent work from our laboratory, which highlights the functional role of CEP55 in protecting aneuploid cells from death. We also discuss the rationale of targeting CEP55 in vivo, which could prove to be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for sensitizing cells to microtubule inhibitors and might offer significantly improved patient outcome. Abbreviations: APC/C: Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome; BAD: BCL2-Associated agonist of cell Death; BAK1: BCL2 Antagonist Kinase1; BAX: BCL2-Associated X; BCL2: B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)/Lymphoma 2; BH: BCL2 Homology Domain; BID: BH3-Interacting domain Death agonist; BIM: BCL2-Interacting Mediator of cell death; BUB: Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazoles; CDC: Cell Division Cycle; CDH1: Cadherin-1; CDK1: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1; CEP55: Centrosomal Protein (55 KDa): CIN: Chromosomal Instability; CTA: Cancer Testis Antigen; EGR1: Early Growth Response protein 1; ERK: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase; ESCRT: Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; GIN: Genomic Instability; MAD2: Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2; MCL1: Myeloid Cell Leukemia sequence 1; MPS1: Monopolar Spindle 1 Kinase; MYT1: MYelin Transcription factor 1; PLK1: Polo Like Kinase 1; PUMA: p53-Upregulated Mediator of Apoptosis; SAC: Spindle Assembly Checkpoint; TAA: Tumor-Associated Antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debottam Sinha
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Pascal H.G. Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
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22
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Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint ensures proper chromosome segregation; defects in this checkpoint can lead to aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer. The mitotic checkpoint blocks progression through mitosis as long as chromosomes remain unattached to spindle microtubules. Unattached kinetochores induce the formation of a mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub1 and Bub3 which inhibits anaphase onset. Spindle toxins induce prolonged mitotic arrest by creating persistently unattached kinetochores which trigger MCC formation. We find that the multifunctional ser/thr kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is required for a strong mitotic checkpoint. Spindle toxin-induced mitotic arrest is relieved by GSK3 inhibitors SB 415286 (SB), RO 318220 (RO) and lithium chloride. Similarly, targeting GSK3β with knockout or RNAi reduced mitotic arrest in the presence of Taxol. GSK3 was required for optimal localization of Mad2, BubR1, and Bub1 at kinetochores and for optimal assembly of the MCC in spindle toxin-arrested cells. The WNT- and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways negatively regulate GSK3β activity. Inhibition of WNT and PI3K/Akt signaling, in the presence of Taxol, induced a longer mitotic arrest compared to Taxol alone. Our observations provide novel insight into the regulation of the mitotic checkpoint and its connection to growth-signaling pathways.
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Roth M, Florez-Rueda AM, Paris M, Städler T. Wild tomato endosperm transcriptomes reveal common roles of genomic imprinting in both nuclear and cellular endosperm. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:1084-1101. [PMID: 29953688 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a conspicuous feature of the endosperm, a triploid tissue nurturing the embryo and synchronizing angiosperm seed development. An unknown subset of imprinted genes (IGs) is critical for successful seed development and should have highly conserved functions. Recent genome-wide studies have found limited conservation of IGs among distantly related species, but there is a paucity of data from closely related lineages. Moreover, most studies focused on model plants with nuclear endosperm development, and comparisons with properties of IGs in cellular-type endosperm development are lacking. Using laser-assisted microdissection, we characterized parent-specific expression in the cellular endosperm of three wild tomato lineages (Solanum section Lycopersicon). We identified 1025 candidate IGs and 167 with putative homologs previously identified as imprinted in distantly related taxa with nuclear-type endosperm. Forty-two maternally expressed genes (MEGs) and 17 paternally expressed genes (PEGs) exhibited conserved imprinting status across all three lineages, but differences in power to assess imprinted expression imply that the actual degree of conservation might be higher than that directly estimated (20.7% for PEGs and 10.4% for MEGs). Regardless, the level of shared imprinting status was higher for PEGs than for MEGs, indicating dissimilar evolutionary trajectories. Expression-level data suggest distinct epigenetic modulation of MEGs and PEGs, and gene ontology analyses revealed MEGs and PEGs to be enriched for different functions. Importantly, our data provide evidence that MEGs and PEGs interact in modulating both gene expression and the endosperm cell cycle, and uncovered conserved cellular functions of IGs uniting taxa with cellular- and nuclear-type endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Roth
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana M Florez-Rueda
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margot Paris
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Städler
- Plant Ecological Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Regulation of Mammalian DNA Replication via the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1042:421-454. [PMID: 29357069 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Proper regulation of DNA replication ensures the faithful transmission of genetic material essential for optimal cellular and organismal physiology. Central to this regulation is the activity of a set of enzymes that induce or reverse posttranslational modifications of various proteins critical for the initiation, progression, and termination of DNA replication. This is particularly important when DNA replication proceeds in cancer cells with elevated rates of genomic instability and increased proliferative capacities. Here, we describe how DNA replication in mammalian cells is regulated via the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system as well as the consequence of derailed ubiquitylation signaling involved in this important cellular activity.
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SUMO targets the APC/C to regulate transition from metaphase to anaphase. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1119. [PMID: 29549242 PMCID: PMC5856775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates a myriad of nuclear processes. Here we report on the role of SUMO in mitosis in human cell lines. Knocking down the SUMO conjugation machinery results in a delay in mitosis and defects in mitotic chromosome separation. Searching for relevant SUMOylated proteins in mitosis, we identify the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a master regulator of metaphase to anaphase transition. The APC4 subunit is the major SUMO target in the complex, containing SUMO acceptor lysines at positions 772 and 798. SUMOylation is crucial for accurate progression of cells through mitosis and increases APC/C ubiquitylation activity toward a subset of its targets, including the newly identified target KIF18B. Combined, our findings demonstrate the importance of SUMO signal transduction for genome integrity during mitotic progression and reveal how SUMO and ubiquitin cooperate to drive mitosis.
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LOX is a novel mitotic spindle-associated protein essential for mitosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29023-35. [PMID: 27296552 PMCID: PMC5045375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
LOX regulates cancer progression in a variety of human malignancies. It is overexpressed in aggressive cancers and higher expression of LOX is associated with higher cancer mortality. Here, we report a new function of LOX in mitosis. We show that LOX co-localizes to mitotic spindles from metaphase to telophase, and p-H3(Ser10)-positive cells harbor strong LOX staining. Further, purification of mitotic spindles from synchronized cells show that LOX fails to bind to microtubules in the presence of nocodazole, whereas paclitaxel treated samples showed enrichment in LOX expression, suggesting that LOX binds to stabilized microtubules. LOX knockdown leads to G2/M phase arrest; reduced p-H3(Ser10), cyclin B1, CDK1, and Aurora B. Moreover, LOX knockdown significantly increased sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents that target microtubules. Our findings suggest that LOX has a role in cancer cell mitosis and may be targeted to enhance the activity of microtubule inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Mitotic Gene Bookmarking: An Epigenetic Mechanism for Coordination of Lineage Commitment, Cell Identity and Cell Growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:95-102. [PMID: 28299653 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic control of gene expression contributes to dynamic responsiveness of cellular processes that include cell cycle, cell growth and differentiation. Mitotic gene bookmarking, retention of sequence-specific transcription factors at target gene loci, including the RUNX regulatory proteins, provide a novel dimension to epigenetic regulation that sustains cellular identity in progeny cells following cell division. Runx transcription factor retention during mitosis coordinates physiological control of cell growth and differentiation in a broad spectrum of biological conditions, and is associated with compromised gene expression in pathologies that include cancer.
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Sun X, Zhangyuan G, Shi L, Wang Y, Sun B, Ding Q. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of cyclin B expression in patients with breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6860. [PMID: 28489780 PMCID: PMC5428614 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin B plays a crucial role in cancer cell cycle progression and is overexpressed in many human cancers, including breast cancer. However, the prognostic value of cyclin B expression in breast cancer is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cyclin B expression in breast cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed, web of science, and Embase databases to retrieve the publications investigating the association between cyclin B expression and clinicopathological/prognostic significance in breast cancer patients. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects. RESULTS Ten studies with 2366 breast cancer patients were included to evaluate the association between cyclin B expression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and clinicopathological parameters. The results showed that cyclin B overexpression in breast cancer patients was significantly associated with both poor OS (univariate analysis: HR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.72-3.30, P < .001), DFS (univariate analysis: HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.50-2.32, P < .001; multivariate analysis: HR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.22-2.52, P = .003), and DSS (multivariate analysis: HR = 5.42, 95% CI = 2.15-13.66, P < .001). Additionally, cyclin B overexpression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.03-6.46, P = .017). CONCLUSION Cyclin B overexpression appears to be an independent potential prognostic marker to DSS and DFS for breast cancer. Further studies with large sample size are needed to dissect the relationship between cyclin B and clinicopathological features or prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University
| | - Guangyan Zhangyuan
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University
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Abstract
Mutations in cancer cells frequently result in cell cycle alterations that lead to unrestricted growth compared to normal cells. Considering this phenomenon, many drugs have been developed to inhibit different cell-cycle phases. Mitotic phase targeting disturbs mitosis in tumor cells, triggers the spindle assembly checkpoint and frequently results in cell death. The first anti-mitotics to enter clinical trials aimed to target tubulin. Although these drugs improved the treatment of certain cancers, and many anti-microtubule compounds are already approved for clinical use, severe adverse events such as neuropathies were observed. Since then, efforts have been focused on the development of drugs that also target kinases, motor proteins and multi-protein complexes involved in mitosis. In this review, we summarize the major proteins involved in the mitotic phase that can also be targeted for cancer treatment. Finally, we address the activity of anti-mitotic drugs tested in clinical trials in recent years.
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30
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Chou YC, Chang MY, Wang MJ, Liu HC, Chang SJ, Harnod T, Hung CH, Lee HT, Shen CC, Chung JG. Phenethyl isothiocyanate alters the gene expression and the levels of protein associated with cell cycle regulation in human glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:176-187. [PMID: 26678675 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a member of the isothiocyanate family, can induce apoptosis in many human cancer cells. Our previous study disclosed that PEITC induces apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway, dysfunction of mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway in human brain glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) 8401 cells. To the best of our knowledge, we first investigated the effects of PEITC on the genetic levels of GBM 8401 cells in vitro. PEITC may induce G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest through affecting the proteins such as cdk2, cyclin E, and p21 in GBM 8401 cells. Many genes associated with cell-cycle regulation of GBM 8401 cells were changed after PEITC treatment: 48 genes were upregulated and 118 were downregulated. The cell-division cycle protein 20 (CDC20), Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 homolog beta (BUB1B), and cyclin B1 were downregulated, and clusterin was upregulated in GBM 8401 cells treated with PEITC. These changes of gene expression can provide the effects of PEITC on the genetic levels and potential biomarkers for glioblastoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 176-187, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ya Chang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jen Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Tomor Harnod
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Huang Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chyi Shen
- Division of Minimally Invasive Skull Base Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China
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BUB1 and SURVIVIN proteins are not degraded after a prolonged mitosis and accumulate in the nuclei of HCT116 cells. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16079. [PMID: 27818790 PMCID: PMC5081682 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle poisons activate the spindle assembly checkpoint and prevent mitotic exit until cells die or override the arrest. Several studies have focused on spindle poison-mediated cell death, but less is known about consequences in cells that survive a mitotic arrest. During mitosis, proteins such as CYCLIN B, SECURIN, BUB1 and SURVIVIN are degraded in order to allow mitotic exit, and these proteins are maintained at low levels in the next interphase. In contrast, exit from a prolonged mitosis depends only on degradation of CYCLIN B; it is not known whether the levels of other proteins decrease or remain high. Here, we analyzed the levels and localization of the BUB1 and SURVIVIN proteins in cells that escaped from a paclitaxel-mediated prolonged mitosis. We compared cells with a short arrest (HCT116 cells) with cells that spent more time in mitosis (HT29 cells) after paclitaxel treatment. BUB1 and SURVIVIN were not degraded and remained localized to the nuclei of HCT116 cells after a mitotic arrest. Moreover, BUB1 nuclear foci were observed; BUB1 did not colocalize with centromere proteins. In HT29 cells, the levels of BUB1 and SURVIVIN decreased during the arrest, and these proteins were not present in cells that reached the next interphase. Using time-lapse imaging, we observed morphological heterogeneity in HCT116 cells that escaped from the arrest; this heterogeneity was due to the cytokinesis-like mechanism by which the cells exited mitosis. Thus, our results show that high levels of BUB1 and SURVIVIN can be maintained after a mitotic arrest, which may promote resistance to cell death.
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32
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Balachandran RS, Heighington CS, Starostina NG, Anderson JW, Owen DL, Vasudevan S, Kipreos ET. The ubiquitin ligase CRL2ZYG11 targets cyclin B1 for degradation in a conserved pathway that facilitates mitotic slippage. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:151-166. [PMID: 27810909 PMCID: PMC5084644 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201601083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells arrested in mitosis by inactivation of the APC/C complex sometimes manage to exit mitosis in a process called mitotic slippage, which helps cancer cells circumvent chemotherapy drugs. Balachandran et al. show that mitotic slippage occurs as a result of targeting of cyclin B1 for degradation by the ligase CRL2ZYG11. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase is known to target the degradation of cyclin B1, which is crucial for mitotic progression in animal cells. In this study, we show that the ubiquitin ligase CRL2ZYG-11 redundantly targets the degradation of cyclin B1 in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. In C. elegans, both CRL2ZYG-11 and APC/C are required for proper progression through meiotic divisions. In human cells, inactivation of CRL2ZYG11A/B has minimal effects on mitotic progression when APC/C is active. However, when APC/C is inactivated or cyclin B1 is overexpressed, CRL2ZYG11A/B-mediated degradation of cyclin B1 is required for normal progression through metaphase. Mitotic cells arrested by the spindle assembly checkpoint, which inactivates APC/C, often exit mitosis in a process termed “mitotic slippage,” which generates tetraploid cells and limits the effectiveness of antimitotic chemotherapy drugs. We show that ZYG11A/B subunit knockdown, or broad cullin–RING ubiquitin ligase inactivation with the small molecule MLN4924, inhibits mitotic slippage in human cells, suggesting the potential for antimitotic combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James W Anderson
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - David L Owen
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - Edward T Kipreos
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Bennett A, Sloss O, Topham C, Nelson L, Tighe A, Taylor SS. Inhibition of Bcl-xL sensitizes cells to mitotic blockers, but not mitotic drivers. Open Biol 2016; 6:160134. [PMID: 27512141 PMCID: PMC5008013 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate in response to an aberrant mitosis is governed by two competing networks: the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The mechanistic interplay between these two networks is obscured by functional redundancy and the ability of cells to die either in mitosis or in the subsequent interphase. By coupling time-lapse microscopy with selective pharmacological agents, we systematically probe pro-survival Bcl-xL in response to various mitotic perturbations. Concentration matrices show that BH3-mimetic-mediated inhibition of Bcl-xL synergises with perturbations that induce an SAC-mediated mitotic block, including drugs that dampen microtubule dynamics, and inhibitors targeting kinesins and kinases required for spindle assembly. By contrast, Bcl-xL inhibition does not synergize with drugs which drive cells through an aberrant mitosis by overriding the SAC. This differential effect, which is explained by compensatory Mcl-1 function, provides opportunities for patient stratification and combination treatments in the context of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Bennett
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Olivia Sloss
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Caroline Topham
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4QL, UK
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34
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Lu D, Girard JR, Li W, Mizrak A, Morgan DO. Quantitative framework for ordered degradation of APC/C substrates. BMC Biol 2015; 13:96. [PMID: 26573515 PMCID: PMC4647693 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During cell-cycle progression, substrates of a single master regulatory enzyme can be modified in a specific order. Here, we used experimental and computational approaches to dissect the quantitative mechanisms underlying the ordered degradation of the substrates of the ubiquitin ligase APC/CCdc20, a key regulator of chromosome segregation in mitosis. Results We show experimentally that the rate of catalysis varies with different substrates of APC/CCdc20. Using a computational model based on multi-step ubiquitination, we then show how changes in the interaction between a single substrate and APC/CCdc20 can alter the timing of degradation onset relative to APC/CCdc20 activation, while ensuring a fast degradation rate. Degradation timing and dynamics depend on substrate affinity for the enzyme as well as the catalytic rate at which the substrate is modified. When two substrates share the same pool of APC/CCdc20, their relative enzyme affinities and rates of catalysis influence the partitioning of APC/CCdc20 among substrates, resulting in substrate competition. Depending on how APC/CCdc20 is partitioned among its substrates, competition can have minor or major effects on the degradation of certain substrates. We show experimentally that increased expression of the early APC/CCdc20 substrate Clb5 does not delay the degradation of the later substrate securin, arguing against a role for competition with Clb5 in establishing securin degradation timing. Conclusions The degradation timing of APC/CCdc20 substrates depends on the multi-step nature of ubiquitination, differences in substrate-APC/CCdc20 interactions, and competition among substrates. Our studies provide a conceptual framework for understanding how ordered modification can be established among substrates of the same regulatory enzyme, and facilitate our understanding of how precise temporal control is achieved by a small number of master regulators to ensure a successful cell division cycle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0205-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Juliet R Girard
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Weihan Li
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Arda Mizrak
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - David O Morgan
- Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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35
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Iorio F, Shrestha RL, Levin N, Boilot V, Garnett MJ, Saez-Rodriguez J, Draviam VM. A Semi-Supervised Approach for Refining Transcriptional Signatures of Drug Response and Repositioning Predictions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139446. [PMID: 26452147 PMCID: PMC4599732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel strategy to identify drug-repositioning opportunities. The starting point of our method is the generation of a signature summarising the consensual transcriptional response of multiple human cell lines to a compound of interest (namely the seed compound). This signature can be derived from data in existing databases, such as the connectivity-map, and it is used at first instance to query a network interlinking all the connectivity-map compounds, based on the similarity of their transcriptional responses. This provides a drug neighbourhood, composed of compounds predicted to share some effects with the seed one. The original signature is then refined by systematically reducing its overlap with the transcriptional responses induced by drugs in this neighbourhood that are known to share a secondary effect with the seed compound. Finally, the drug network is queried again with the resulting refined signatures and the whole process is carried on for a number of iterations. Drugs in the final refined neighbourhood are then predicted to exert the principal mode of action of the seed compound. We illustrate our approach using paclitaxel (a microtubule stabilising agent) as seed compound. Our method predicts that glipizide and splitomicin perturb microtubule function in human cells: a result that could not be obtained through standard signature matching methods. In agreement, we find that glipizide and splitomicin reduce interphase microtubule growth rates and transiently increase the percentage of mitotic cells-consistent with our prediction. Finally, we validated the refined signatures of paclitaxel response by mining a large drug screening dataset, showing that human cancer cell lines whose basal transcriptional profile is anti-correlated to them are significantly more sensitive to paclitaxel and docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Iorio
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SD, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roshan L. Shrestha
- Department of Genetics—University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EH, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Levin
- Department of Genetics—University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EH, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Viviane Boilot
- Department of Genetics—University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EH, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew J. Garnett
- Cancer genome project–Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SD, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SD, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Viji M. Draviam
- Department of Genetics—University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EH, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Zhang X, Cai J, Zheng Z, Polin L, Lin Z, Dandekar A, Li L, Sun F, Finley RL, Fang D, Yang ZQ, Zhang K. A novel ER-microtubule-binding protein, ERLIN2, stabilizes Cyclin B1 and regulates cell cycle progression. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15024. [PMID: 27462423 PMCID: PMC4860859 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lipid raft-associated protein 2 (ERLIN2) is amplified in human breast cancers. ERLIN2 gene mutations were also found to be associated with human childhood progressive motor neuron diseases. Yet, an understanding of the physiological function and mechanism for ERLIN2 remains elusive. In this study, we reveal that ERLIN2 is a spatially and temporally regulated ER–microtubule-binding protein that has an important role in cell cycle progression by interacting with and stabilizing the mitosis-promoting factors. Whereas ERLIN2 is highly expressed in aggressive human breast cancers, during normal development ERLIN2 is expressed at the postnatal stage and becomes undetectable in adulthood. ERLIN2 interacts with the microtubule component α-tubulin, and this interaction is maximal during the cell cycle G2/M phase where ERLIN2 simultaneously interacts with the mitosis-promoting complex Cyclin B1/Cdk1. ERLIN2 facilitates K63-linked ubiquitination and stabilization of Cyclin B1 protein in G2/M phase. Downregulation of ERLIN2 results in cell cycle arrest, represses breast cancer proliferation and malignancy and increases sensitivity of breast cancer cells to anticancer drugs. In summary, our study revealed a novel ER–microtubule-binding protein, ERLIN2, which interacts with and stabilizes mitosis-promoting factors to regulate cell cycle progression associated with human breast cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Juan Cai
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Polin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhenghong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aditya Dandekar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell L Finley
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Shukla A, Kong D, Sharma M, Magidson V, Loncarek J. Plk1 relieves centriole block to reduplication by promoting daughter centriole maturation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8077. [PMID: 26293378 PMCID: PMC4560806 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome overduplication promotes mitotic abnormalities, invasion and tumorigenesis. Cells regulate the number of centrosomes by limiting centriole duplication to once per cell cycle. The orthogonal orientation between a mother and a daughter centriole, established at the time of centriole duplication, is thought to block further duplication of the mother centriole. Loss of orthogonal orientation (disengagement) between two centrioles during anaphase is considered a licensing event for the next round of centriole duplication. Disengagement requires the activity of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), but how Plk1 drives this process is not clear. Here we employ correlative live/electron microscopy and demonstrate that Plk1 induces maturation and distancing of the daughter centriole, allowing reduplication of the mother centriole even if the original daughter centriole is still orthogonal to it. We find that mother centrioles can undergo reduplication when original daughter centrioles are only ∼80 nm apart, which is the distance centrioles normally reach during prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Shukla
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, 1050 Boyles Street, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, 1050 Boyles Street, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Meena Sharma
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, 1050 Boyles Street, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Res Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, 1050 Boyles Street, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Over-Expression of Cyclin D1 Promotes NSCs Proliferation and Induces the Differentiation into Astrocytes Via Jak-STAT3 Pathways. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1681-90. [PMID: 26162780 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the proliferation and differentiation of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) is crucial for the proper development of the nervous system. Although cyclinD1 has been implicated as a cause of cancer in many studies, its roles in NSCs remain elusive. In this study, we examined the over-expression of cyclinD1 in controlling the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. Moreover, we found that the over-expression of cyclinD1 can drive cells to enter S phase and support the clonal self-renewing growth of NSCs. During the differentiation of NSCs, the over-expression of cyclinD1 promoted the generation of astrocytes, and their promotion likely occurred through synergistic phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Our data suggest that the over-expression of cyclinD1 promotes the proliferation of NSCs and induces their differentiation into astrocytes via Jak-STAT3 pathways.
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Mukherjee A, Bhattacharyya J, Sagar MV, Chaudhuri A. Liposomally encapsulated CDC20 siRNA inhibits both solid melanoma tumor growth and spontaneous growth of intravenously injected melanoma cells on mouse lung. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 3:224-34. [PMID: 25788131 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell division cycle homologue 20 (CDC20), a key cell cycle regulator required for the completion of mitosis in organisms from yeast to human, is highly expressed in several carcinomas. Recent studies have shown that specific knockdown of CDC20 expression is capable of significantly inhibiting the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma cells. However, preclinical studies aimed at demonstrating the therapeutic potential of CDC20 siRNA in combating tumor growth has not yet been reported. Herein, in a syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse tumor model, we show that intraperitoneal administration of a 19-bp synthetic CDC20 siRNA encapsulated within liposomes of guanidinylated cationic amphiphile with stearyl tails inhibits solid melanoma (B16F10) tumor growth. In addition, using a spontaneous lung metastasis model in C57BL/6J mice, we show that intravenous administration of the same liposomally encapsulated 19-bp synthetic CDC20 siRNA inhibits B16F10 melanoma growth on mouse lung. Liposomally bound CDC20 siRNA was found to be efficient in silencing the expression of CDC20 in B16F10 cells at both protein and mRNA levels. Findings in the flow cytometric studies confirmed the presence of significantly enhanced populations of G2/M phase in cells treated with liposomally bound CDC20 siRNA. To the best of our knowledge, the present findings demonstrate, for the first time, systemic use of CDC20 siRNA in inhibiting mouse tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Mukherjee
- Division of Lipid Science and Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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40
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McGinnis LA, Lee HJ, Robinson DN, Evans JP. MAPK3/1 (ERK1/2) and Myosin Light Chain Kinase in Mammalian Eggs Affect Myosin-II Function and Regulate the Metaphase II State in a Calcium- and Zinc-Dependent Manner. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:146. [PMID: 25904014 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.127027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate eggs are arrested at metaphase of meiosis II, a state classically known as cytostatic factor arrest. Maintenance of this arrest until the time of fertilization and then fertilization-induced exit from metaphase II are crucial for reproductive success. Another key aspect of this meiotic arrest and exit is regulation of the metaphase II spindle, which must be appropriately localized adjacent to the egg cortex during metaphase II and then progress into successful asymmetric cytokinesis to produce the second polar body. This study examined the mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPK3 and MAPK1 (also known as ERK1/2) as regulators of these two related aspects of mammalian egg biology, specifically testing whether this MAPK pathway affected myosin-II function and whether myosin-II perturbation would produce some of the same effects as MAPK pathway perturbation. Inhibition of the MEK1/2-MAPK pathway with U0126 leads to reduced levels of phosphorylated myosin-regulatory light chain (pMRLC) and causes a reduction in cortical tension, effects that are mimicked by treatment with the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor ML-7. These data indicate that one mechanism by which the MAPK pathway acts in eggs is by affecting myosin-II function. We further show that MAPK or MLCK inhibition induces loss of normal cortical spindle localization or parthenogenetic egg activation. This parthenogenesis is dependent on cytosolic and extracellular calcium and can be rescued by hyperloading eggs with zinc, suggesting that these effects of inhibition of MLCK or the MAPK pathway are linked with dysregulation of ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A McGinnis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hyo J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janice P Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Gerhold AR, Ryan J, Vallée-Trudeau JN, Dorn JF, Labbé JC, Maddox PS. Investigating the regulation of stem and progenitor cell mitotic progression by in situ imaging. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1123-34. [PMID: 25819563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome stability relies upon efficacious chromosome congression and regulation by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). The study of these fundamental mitotic processes in adult stem and progenitor cells has been limited by the technical challenge of imaging mitosis in these cells in situ. Notably, how broader physiological changes, such as dietary intake or age, affect mitotic progression in stem and/or progenitor cells is largely unknown. Using in situ imaging of C. elegans adult germlines, we describe the mitotic parameters of an adult stem and progenitor cell population in an intact animal. We find that SAC regulation in germline stem and progenitor cells is distinct from that found in early embryonic divisions and is more similar to that of classical tissue culture models. We further show that changes in organismal physiology affect mitotic progression in germline stem and progenitor cells. Reducing dietary intake produces a checkpoint-dependent delay in anaphase onset, and inducing dietary restriction when the checkpoint is impaired increases the incidence of segregation errors in mitotic and meiotic cells. Similarly, developmental aging of the germline stem and progenitor cell population correlates with a decline in the rate of several mitotic processes. These results provide the first in vivo validation of models for SAC regulation developed in tissue culture systems and demonstrate that several fundamental features of mitotic progression in adult stem and progenitor cells are highly sensitive to organismal physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Gerhold
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Joël Ryan
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Julie-Nathalie Vallée-Trudeau
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonas F Dorn
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Labbé
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Paul S Maddox
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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42
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Voets E, Wolthuis R. MASTL promotes cyclin B1 destruction by enforcing Cdc20-independent binding of cyclin B1 to the APC/C. Biol Open 2015; 4:484-95. [PMID: 25750436 PMCID: PMC4400591 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201410793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When cells enter mitosis, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is activated by phosphorylation and binding of Cdc20. The RXXL destruction box (D-box) of cyclin B1 only binds Cdc20 after release of the spindle checkpoint in metaphase, initiating cyclin B1 ubiquitination upon chromosome bi-orientation. However, we found that cyclin B1, through Cdk1 and Cks, is targeted to the phosphorylated APC/CCdc20 at the start of prometaphase, when the spindle checkpoint is still active. Here, we show that MASTL is essential for cyclin B1 recruitment to the mitotic APC/C and that this occurs entirely independently of Cdc20. Importantly, MASTL-directed binding of cyclin B1 to spindle checkpoint-inhibited APC/CCdc20 critically supports efficient cyclin B1 destruction after checkpoint release. A high incidence of anaphase bridges observed in response to MASTL RNAi may result from cyclin B1 remaining after securin destruction, which is insufficient to keep MASTL-depleted cells in mitosis but delays the activation of separase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Voets
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5) and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis (B7), The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Wolthuis
- Division of Cell Biology I (B5) and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis (B7), The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics and CCA/V-ICI Research Program Oncogenesis, VUmc Medical Faculty, van de Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Choi M, Kim W, Cheon MG, Lee CW, Kim JE. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor BI2536 causes mitotic catastrophe following activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:591-601. [PMID: 25524551 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a critical kinase that regulates multiple steps in mitosis, is overexpressed in diverse human cancers; thus many PLK1 inhibitors have been developed as potential cancer therapeutic agents. One of these compounds, the PLK1-specific inhibitor BI2536, has been investigated as a cytotoxic drug in several cancers, including lung cancer; however, the detailed mechanism by which BI2536 induces defects in cell proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not yet been determined. We found that BI2536 treatment resulted in mitotic arrest due to improper formation of the mitotic spindles and mitotic centrosomes. The unattached kinetochores in BI2536-treated NSCLC cells activated the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). The prolonged activation of the SAC led to a type of apoptotic cell death referred to as mitotic catastrophe. Finally, BI2536-treated NSCLC cells show a defect in cell proliferation. Overall, these data indicate that PLK1 inhibition via mitotic disruption represents a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 440-746, Korea
| | - Ja Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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44
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Bergman ZJ, Mclaurin JD, Eritano AS, Johnson BM, Sims AQ, Riggs B. Spatial reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum during mitosis relies on mitotic kinase cyclin A in the early Drosophila embryo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117859. [PMID: 25689737 PMCID: PMC4331435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase with their cyclin partners (cyclin:Cdks) are the master regulators of cell cycle progression responsible for regulating a host of activities during mitosis. Nuclear mitotic events, including chromosome condensation and segregation have been directly linked to Cdk activity. However, the regulation and timing of cytoplasmic mitotic events by cyclin:Cdks is poorly understood. In order to examine these mitotic cytoplasmic events, we looked at the dramatic changes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during mitosis in the early Drosophila embryo. The dynamic changes of the ER can be arrested in an interphase state by inhibition of either DNA or protein synthesis. Here we show that this block can be alleviated by micro-injection of Cyclin A (CycA) in which defined mitotic ER clusters gathered at the spindle poles. Conversely, micro-injection of Cyclin B (CycB) did not affect spatial reorganization of the ER, suggesting CycA possesses the ability to initiate mitotic ER events in the cytoplasm. Additionally, RNAi-mediated simultaneous inhibition of all 3 mitotic cyclins (A, B and B3) blocked spatial reorganization of the ER. Our results suggest that mitotic ER reorganization events rely on CycA and that control and timing of nuclear and cytoplasmic events during mitosis may be defined by release of CycA from the nucleus as a consequence of breakdown of the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane J. Bergman
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California, 94132, United States of America
| | - Justin D. Mclaurin
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California, 94132, United States of America
| | - Anthony S. Eritano
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California, 94132, United States of America
| | - Brittany M. Johnson
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California, 94132, United States of America
| | - Amanda Q. Sims
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California, 94132, United States of America
| | - Blake Riggs
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California, 94132, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
In this article, we will discuss the biochemistry of mitosis in eukaryotic cells. We will focus on conserved principles that, importantly, are adapted to the biology of the organism. It is vital to bear in mind that the structural requirements for division in a rapidly dividing syncytial Drosophila embryo, for example, are markedly different from those in a unicellular yeast cell. Nevertheless, division in both systems is driven by conserved modules of antagonistic protein kinases and phosphatases, underpinned by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, which create molecular switches to drive each stage of division forward. These conserved control modules combine with the self-organizing properties of the subcellular architecture to meet the specific needs of the cell. Our discussion will draw on discoveries in several model systems that have been important in the long history of research on mitosis, and we will try to point out those principles that appear to apply to all cells, compared with those in which the biochemistry has been specifically adapted in a particular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wieser
- The Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom
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Bošnjak I, Borra M, Iamunno F, Benvenuto G, Ujević I, Bušelić I, Roje-Busatto R, Mladineo I. Effect of bisphenol A on P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux and ultrastructure of the sea urchin embryo. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 156:21-9. [PMID: 25127357 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Usage of bisphenol A (BPA) in production of polycarbonate plastics has resulted in global distribution of BPA in the environment. These high concentrations cause numerous negative effects to the aquatic biota, among which the most known is the induction of endocrine disruption. The focus of this research was to determine the effects of two experimentally determined concentrations of BPA (100nM and 4μM) on cellular detoxification mechanisms during the embryonic development (2-cell, pluteus) of the rocky sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus), primarily the potential involvement of multidrug efflux transport in the BPA intercellular efflux. The results of transport assay, measurements of the intracellular BPA and gene expression surveys, for the first time indicate the importance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) in defense against BPA. Cytotoxic effects of BPA, validated by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), induced the aberrant karyokinesis, and consequently, the impairment of embryo development through the first cell division and retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bošnjak
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marco Borra
- Molecular Biology Service, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Iamunno
- Electron Microscopy Service, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Benvenuto
- Electron Microscopy Service, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivana Ujević
- Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 63, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bušelić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 63, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Romana Roje-Busatto
- Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish Toxicity, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 63, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivona Mladineo
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Setaliste Ivana Mestrovica 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; Assemble Marine Laboratory, Stazione Zoological Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.
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Lu D, Hsiao JY, Davey NE, Van Voorhis VA, Foster SA, Tang C, Morgan DO. Multiple mechanisms determine the order of APC/C substrate degradation in mitosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:23-39. [PMID: 25287299 PMCID: PMC4195823 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To ensure proper mitotic progression, robust ordering of the destruction of APC/CCdc20 substrates is driven by the integration of molecular mechanisms ranging from phosphorylation-dependent interaction with substrates to sensing of the status of the spindle assembly checkpoint. The ubiquitin protein ligase anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) controls mitosis by promoting ordered degradation of securin, cyclins, and other proteins. The mechanisms underlying the timing of APC/C substrate degradation are poorly understood. We explored these mechanisms using quantitative fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged APC/CCdc20 substrates in living budding yeast cells. Degradation of the S cyclin, Clb5, begins early in mitosis, followed 6 min later by the degradation of securin and Dbf4. Anaphase begins when less than half of securin is degraded. The spindle assembly checkpoint delays the onset of Clb5 degradation but does not influence securin degradation. Early Clb5 degradation depends on its interaction with the Cdk1–Cks1 complex and the presence of a Cdc20-binding “ABBA motif” in its N-terminal region. The degradation of securin and Dbf4 is delayed by Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation near their Cdc20-binding sites. Thus, a remarkably diverse array of mechanisms generates robust ordering of APC/CCdc20 substrate destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jennifer Y Hsiao
- Department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Norman E Davey
- Department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Vanessa A Van Voorhis
- Department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Scott A Foster
- Department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Chao Tang
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - David O Morgan
- Department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Chen J, Liu J. Spatial-temporal model for silencing of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4795. [PMID: 25216458 PMCID: PMC4163959 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint arrests mitotic progression until each kinetochore secures a stable attachment to the spindle. Despite fluctuating noise, this checkpoint remains robust and remarkably sensitive to even a single unattached kinetochore among many attached kinetochores; moreover, the checkpoint is silenced only after the final kinetochore-spindle attachment. Experimental observations have shown that checkpoint components stream from attached kinetochores along microtubules toward spindle poles. Here, we incorporate this streaming behavior into a theoretical model that accounts for the robustness of checkpoint silencing. Poleward streams are integrated at spindle poles, but are diverted by any unattached kinetochore; consequently, accumulation of checkpoint components at spindle poles increases markedly only when every kinetochore is properly attached. This step-change robustly triggers checkpoint silencing after, and only after, the final kinetochore-spindle attachment. Our model offers a conceptual framework that highlights the role of spatiotemporal regulation in mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling and fidelity of chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3306, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 3306, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Matsusaka T, Enquist-Newman M, Morgan DO, Pines J. Co-activator independent differences in how the metaphase and anaphase APC/C recognise the same substrate. Biol Open 2014; 3:904-12. [PMID: 25217616 PMCID: PMC4197439 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20149415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C) is critical to the control of mitosis. The APC/C is an ubiquitin ligase that targets specific mitotic regulators for proteolysis at distinct times in mitosis, but how this is achieved is not well understood. We have addressed this question by determining whether the same substrate, cyclin B1, is recognised in the same way by the APC/C at different times in mitosis. Unexpectedly, we find that distinct but overlapping motifs in cyclin B1 are recognised by the APC/C in metaphase compared with anaphase, and this does not depend on the exchange of Cdc20 for Cdh1. Thus, changes in APC/C substrate specificity in mitosis can potentially be conferred by altering interaction sites in addition to exchanging Cdc20 for Cdh1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsusaka
- The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Maria Enquist-Newman
- Department of Physiology, University of California in San Francisco (UCSF), 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David O Morgan
- Department of Physiology, University of California in San Francisco (UCSF), 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jonathon Pines
- The Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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50
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Vassilopoulos A, Tominaga Y, Kim HS, Lahusen T, Li B, Yu H, Gius D, Deng CX. WEE1 murine deficiency induces hyper-activation of APC/C and results in genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2014; 34:3023-35. [PMID: 25088202 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase WEE1 controls the timing of entry into mitosis in eukaryotes and its genetic deletion leads to pre-implantation lethality in mice. Here, we show that besides the premature mitotic entry phenotype, Wee1 mutant murine cells fail to complete mitosis properly and exhibit several additional defects that contribute to the deregulation of mitosis, allowing mutant cells to progress through mitosis at the expense of genomic integrity. WEE1 interacts with the anaphase promoting complex, functioning as a negative regulator, and the deletion of Wee1 results in hyper-activation of this complex. Mammary specific knockout mice overcome the DNA damage response pathway triggered by the mis-coordination of the cell cycle in mammary epithelial cells and heterozygote mice spontaneously develop mammary tumors. Thus, WEE1 functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that coordinates distinct cell division events to allow correct segregation of genetic information into daughter cells and maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vassilopoulos
- 1] Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Tominaga
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H-Seok Kim
- 1] Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - T Lahusen
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - H Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C-X Deng
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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