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Ma D, Ma L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ye W, Li X. The LRG-TGF-β-Alk-1/TGFßRII-Smads as Predictive Biomarkers of Chronic Hydrocephalus after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2024; 85:457-463. [PMID: 37604195 PMCID: PMC11281838 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hydrocephalus is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, the risk factors and the mechanisms underlying its occurrence have yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers that could be used to predict chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH and to investigate the relationships. METHODS We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 19 patients with chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH and 44 controls without hydrocephalus after aSAH. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Smad1, Smad4, Smad5, Smad8, activin receptor-like kinase 1 (Alk-1), activin receptor-like kinase 5 (Alk-5), P38, and TGF-β type II receptor (TGFßRII) in CSF samples. RESULTS In the CSF of patients with chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH, the levels of LRG, TGF-β, Alk-1, Smad5, and TGFßRII were significantly increased (p < 0.05) and the levels of Smad1, Smad4, and Smad8 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the levels of P38 and Alk-5 (p > 0.05). The analysis also identified significant correlations between specific biomarkers: LRG and Smad1, LRG and Smad5, TGF-β and Alk-1, and Alk-1 and Smad4 (p < 0.05); the Pearson's correlation coefficients for these relationships were -0.341, 0.257, 0.256, and -0.424, respectively. CONCLUSION The levels of LRG, TGF-β, Alk-1, TGFßRII, Smad1/5/8, and Smad4 in the CSF are potentially helpful as predictive biomarkers of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH. Moreover, the LRG-TGF-β-Alk-1/TGFßRII-Smad1/5/8-Smad4 signaling pathway is highly likely to be involved in the pathogenic process of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luyao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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2
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Wang YC, Zolnik OB, Liu CY. SMAD4-Dependent Signaling Pathway Involves in the Pathogenesis of TGFBR2-Related CE-like Phenotype. Cells 2024; 13:626. [PMID: 38607065 PMCID: PMC11011447 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Our previous data indicated that disturbance of the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFB) signaling pathway via its Type-2 Receptor (TGFBR2) can cause a Corneal Ectasia (CE)-like phenotype. The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether the SMAD4-dependent signaling pathway is involved in the TGFBR2-related CE-like pathogenesis. (2) Methods: Smad4 was designed to be conditionally knocked out from keratocytes. Novel triple transgenic mice, KerartTA; Tet-O-Cre; Smad4flox/flox (Smad4kera-cko), were administered with doxycycline (Dox). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) was performed to examine Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), Corneal Radius, Anterior Chamber and CE-like phenotype and compared to the littermate Control group (Smad4Ctrl). (3) Results: The OCT revealed normal cornea in the Smad4Ctrl and a CE-like phenotype in the Smad4kera-cko cornea, in which the overall CCT in Smad4kera-cko was thinner than that of Smad4Ctrl at P42 (n = 6, p < 0.0001) and showed no significant difference when compared to that in Tgfbr2kera-cko. Furthermore, the measurements of the Anterior Chamber and Corneal Radius indicated a substantial ectatic cornea in the Smad4kera-cko compared to Smad4Ctrl. The H&E staining of Smad4kera-cko mimics the finding in the Tgfbr2kera-cko. The positive immunostaining of cornea-specific marker K12 indicating the cell fate of cornea epithelium remained unchanged in Smad4kera-cko and the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) immunostaining further indicated an enhanced proliferation in the Smad4kera-cko. Both immunostainings recapitulated the finding in Tgfbr2kera-cko. The Masson's Trichrome staining revealed decreased collagen formation in the corneal stroma from both Smad4kera-cko and Tgfbr2kera-cko. The collagen type 1 (Col1a1) immunostaining further confirmed the reduction in collagen type 1 formation in Smad4kera-cko. (4) Conclusions: The aforementioned phenotypes in the Smad4kera-cko strain indicated that the SMAD4-dependent signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of the CE-like phenotype observed in Tgfbr2kera-cko.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chiao Wang
- Edith Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | | | - Chia-Yang Liu
- Edith Crawley Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
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Sarma U, Ripka L, Anyaegbunam UA, Legewie S. Modeling Cellular Signaling Variability Based on Single-Cell Data: The TGFβ-SMAD Signaling Pathway. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2634:215-251. [PMID: 37074581 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3008-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Nongenetic heterogeneity is key to cellular decisions, as even genetically identical cells respond in very different ways to the same external stimulus, e.g., during cell differentiation or therapeutic treatment of disease. Strong heterogeneity is typically already observed at the level of signaling pathways that are the first sensors of external inputs and transmit information to the nucleus where decisions are made. Since heterogeneity arises from random fluctuations of cellular components, mathematical models are required to fully describe the phenomenon and to understand the dynamics of heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we review the experimental and theoretical literature on cellular signaling heterogeneity, with special focus on the TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddipan Sarma
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorenz Ripka
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute for Biomedical Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Uchenna Alex Anyaegbunam
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute for Biomedical Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Legewie
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute for Biomedical Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Stuttgart Research Center for Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Zhang X, Chen C, Ling C, Luo S, Xiong Z, Liu X, Liao C, Xie P, Liu Y, Zhang L, Chen Z, Liu Z, Tang J. EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and Rab GTPases coordinate EGFR trafficking to regulate macrophage activation in sepsis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:934. [PMID: 36344490 PMCID: PMC9640671 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
EGFR phosphorylation is required for TLR4-mediated macrophage activation during sepsis. However, whether and how intracellular EGFR is transported during endotoxemia have largely been unknown. Here, we show that LPS promotes high levels cell surface expression of EGFR in macrophages through two different transport mechanisms. On one hand, Rab10 is required for EEA1-mediated the membrane translocation of EGFR from the Golgi. On the other hand, EGFR phosphorylation prevents its endocytosis in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly reduced membrane EGFR expression in LPS-activated macrophage. Mechanistically, upon LPS induced TLR4/EGFR phosphorylation, MAPK14 phosphorylated Rab7a at S72 impaired membrane receptor late endocytosis, which maintains EGFR membrane localization though blocking its lysosomal degradation. Meanwhile, Rab5a is also involved in the early endocytosis of EGFR. Subsequently, inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation switches M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype and alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Mechanistic study demonstrated that Erlotinib suppressed glycolysis-dependent M1 polarization via PKM2/HIF-1ɑ pathway and promoted M2 polarization through up-regulating PPARγ induced glutamine metabolism. Collectively, our data elucidated a more in-depth mechanism of macrophages activation, and provided stronger evidence supporting EGFR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Zhang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China ,grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Cuiping Chen
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Chunxiu Ling
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China ,grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Shuhua Luo
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China ,grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Ziying Xiong
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China ,grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China ,grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Chaoxiong Liao
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China ,grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Pengyun Xie
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Youtan Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Zhanghui Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang Central Hospital, 524000 Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- The Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010 Guangdong China
| | - Jing Tang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
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Tong Y, Wang R, Liu X, Tian M, Wang Y, Cui Y, Zou W, Zhao Y. Zuojin Pill ameliorates chronic atrophic gastritis induced by MNNG through TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113893. [PMID: 33524511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP) is a classic prescription composed of Coptis chinensis and Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley, which is often used in the treatment of digestive system diseases. AIM OF THIS STUDY The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of ZJP on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) induced by MNNG. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GES-1 and rat model of CAG was established by MNNG. Detection of cell viability, morphological changes and proliferation of GES-1 by CCK-8 and high content screening (HCS) assay. G-17, IL-8 and TNF-α in rat serum were detected by ELISA kit. The expression of related mRNA and protein on TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signal axis were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS The results showed that ZJP could significantly improve the GES-1 damage induced by MNNG and improve the gastric histomorphology of CAG rats. The intervention of ZJP could significantly reduce the content of G-17 and inflammatory factors IL-8, TNF- α, IL-6 and IL-1β, inhibit the expression of TGF-β1, PI3K and their downstream signals p-Akt, p-mTOR, P70S6K, and promote the expression level of PTEN, LC3-II and Beclin-1. CONCLUSION ZJP has a good therapeutic effect on CAG induced by MNNG, which may be closely related to the inhibition of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Yao W, Zhang H, Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar M, Ding Y, Waqas M, Mehmood K, Iqbal M, Du H, Jiang X, Li J. Effect of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae in thiram induced cytotoxicity of chondrocyte via BMP-2/Runx2 and IHH/PTHrP expressions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111194. [PMID: 32866894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tibial Dyschondroplasia (TD) is a prevailing skeletal disorder that mainly affects rapidly growing avian species. It results in reduced bone strength, lameness and an increase risk of fragility fractures. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD) have been used as an effective treatment of different bone diseases in humans. The current in vitro study was conducted to explore the therapeutic effect of TFRD on thiram-induced cytotoxicity in avian growth plate cells via bone morphogenetic protein-2/runt related transcription factor-2 (BMP-2/Runx2) and Indian hedgehog/Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (IHH/PTHrP) expressions. Chondrocytes were isolated, cultured and refined from chicken's tibial growth plates in a special medium. Then chondrocytes were treated with sublethal thiram having less concentration (2.5 μg/mL) to induce cytotoxicity of chondrocyte, and then treated with providential doses (100 μg/mL) of TFRD. Thiram caused distorted morphology of chondrocytes, nuclei appeared disintegration or lysed along with decreased expressions of BMP-2/Runx2 and IHH/PTHrP. TFRD administration not only enhanced the viability of chondrocytes by itself, but also well restored the damage caused by thiram on growth plate chondrocytes by significantly up-regulating the expressions of BMP-2/Runx2 and IHH/PTHrP. Therefore, this study provides a novel insight into the further treatment of TD and other skeletal ailments and lays the foundation for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- South China Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | | | - Yanmei Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, District Poonch, 12350, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Haitao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, PR China.
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7
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Yuan J, Zhao R, Xu J, Cheng M, Qin Z, Kou X, Fang X. Analyzing protein dynamics from fluorescence intensity traces using unsupervised deep learning network. Commun Biol 2020; 3:669. [PMID: 33184459 PMCID: PMC7665068 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an unsupervised deep learning network to analyze the dynamics of membrane proteins from the fluorescence intensity traces. This system was trained in an unsupervised manner with the raw experimental time traces and synthesized ones, so neither predefined state number nor pre-labelling were required. With the bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (biLSTM) networks as the hidden layers, both the past and future context can be used fully to improve the prediction results and can even extract information from the noise distribution. The method was validated with the synthetic dataset and the experimental dataset of monomeric fluorophore Cy5, and then applied to extract the membrane protein interaction dynamics from experimental data successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Zhao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zidi Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Kou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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8
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Labibi B, Bashkurov M, Wrana JL, Attisano L. Modeling the Control of TGF-β/Smad Nuclear Accumulation by the Hippo Pathway Effectors, Taz/Yap. iScience 2020; 23:101416. [PMID: 32798968 PMCID: PMC7452192 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signals with those of other pathways allows for precise temporal and spatial control of gene expression patterns that drive development and homeostasis. The Hippo pathway nuclear effectors, Taz/Yap, interact with the TGF-β transcriptional mediators, Smads, to control Smad activity. Key to TGF-β signaling is the nuclear localization of Smads. Thus, to investigate the role of Taz/Yap in Smad nuclear accumulation, we developed mathematical models of Hippo and TGF-β cross talk. The models were based on experimental measurements of TGF-β-induced changes in Taz/Yap and Smad subcellular localization obtained using high-throughput immunofluorescence (IF) imaging in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line, EpH4. Bayesian MCMC DREAM parameter estimation was used to quantify the uncertainty in estimates of the kinetic parameters. Variation of the model parameters and statistical analysis show that our modeling predicts that Taz/Yap can alter TGF-β receptor activity and directly or indirectly act as nuclear retention factors. Taz/Yap modulate TGF-β-induced nuclear accumulation of Smad2/3 and Smad4 TGF-β does not affect Taz/Yap localization when Hippo activity is constant Taz/Yap loss may alter activity of both Receptor and Smad nuclear retention factors The mediator complex regulates Smad nuclear accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Labibi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Mikhail Bashkurov
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
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The β-catenin/TCF-4-LINC01278-miR-1258-Smad2/3 axis promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:4538-4550. [PMID: 32372060 PMCID: PMC7269911 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis is largely responsible for HCC-associated recurrence and mortality. We aimed to identify metastasis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to understand the molecular mechanism of HCC metastasis. We first identified that miR-1258 was downregulated in HCC tissues both in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) dataset. MiR-1258 expression negatively correlated with recurrence-free survival and overall survival of HCC patients. MiR-1258 overexpression inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo, whereas miR-1258 downregulation promoted cell metastasis. Luciferase assays verified direct binding of miR-1258 to Smad2 and Smad3, thereby attenuating TGF-β/Smad signaling. We further established that lncRNA LINC01278 was a negative regulator of miR-1258. In vivo and in vitro assays demonstrated that LINC01278-mediated HCC metastasis was dependent on miR-1258 expression. Furthermore, miR-1258 downregulation in turn increased LINC01278 expression. We also observed that TCF-4 could bind to the LINC01278 promoter site. In addition, LINC01278 downregulation decreased migration and invasion of HCC cells induced by β-catenin and TGF-β1 both in vitro and in vivo. We uncovered a novel mechanism for β-catenin/TCF-4-LINC01278-miR-1258-Smad2/3 feedback loop activation in HCC metastasis, and the study indicated that LINC01278 could serve as a therapeutic target for HCC metastasis.
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Ilich JZ, Gilman JC, Cvijetic S, Boschiero D. Chronic Stress Contributes to Osteosarcopenic Adiposity via Inflammation and Immune Modulation: The Case for More Precise Nutritional Investigation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040989. [PMID: 32252359 PMCID: PMC7230299 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) are key underlying factors formany diseases, including bone and body composition impairments. Objectives of this narrativereview were to examine the mechanisms by which chronic stress and LGCI may influenceosteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome, originally named as ostoesarcopenic obesity (OSO).We also examined the crucial nutrients presumed to be affected by or cause of stress andinflammation and compared/contrasted them to those of our prehistoric ancestors. The evidenceshows that stress (particularly chronic) and its related inflammatory processes, contribute toosteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity ultimately leading to OSA as a final and most derangedstate of body composition, commencing at the mesenchymal cell lineage disturbance. Thefoods/nutrients consumed by modern humans, as well as their altered lifestyle, also contribute tostress, LGCI and subsequently to OSA. The processes can also go in opposite direction when stressand inflammation impact nutritional status, particularly some micronutrients' levels. Whilenutritional management of body composition and LGCI have been studied, the nutrients (and theirquantities) most affected by stressors and those which may act toward the alleviation of stressfulstate, ultimately leading to better body composition outcomes, need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Selma Cvijetic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 11000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Sicard AA, Dao T, Suarez NG, Annabi B. Diet-Derived Gallated Catechins Prevent TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Cell Migration and Vasculogenic Mimicry in Chemosensitive ES-2 Ovarian Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:169-180. [PMID: 32126843 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1733624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β triggers ovarian cancer metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Whereas drug design strategies targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway have been envisioned, the anti-TGF structure:function aspect of chemopreventive diet-derived catechins remains unexplored.Aim: We assessed the effects of eight catechins on TGF-β-mediated cell migration and induction of EMT biomarkers, as well as on In Vitro vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a process partly regulated by EMT-related transcription factors.Results: TGF-β-mediated phosphorylation of Smad-3 and p38 signaling intermediates was more effective in a chemosensitive ES-2 ovarian cancer cell line but was inoperative in cis-platinum- and adriamycin-chemoresistant SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Increases in cell migration and in gene/protein expression of EMT biomarkers Fibronectin, Snail, and Slug were observed in ES-2 cells. When VM was assessed in ES-2 cells, 3D capillary-like structures were formed and increases in EMT biomarkers found. Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-β-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-β-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Ann Sicard
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tiziana Dao
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Narjara Gonzalez Suarez
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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12
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Zhao R, Yuan J, Li N, Sun Y, Xia T, Fang X. Analysis of the Diffusivity Change from Single-Molecule Trajectories on Living Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13390-13397. [PMID: 31580655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the wide application of live-cell single-molecule imaging and tracking of biomolecules at work, deriving diffusion state changes of individual molecules is of particular interest as these changes reflect molecular oligomerization or interaction with other cellular components and thus correlate with functional changes. We have developed a Rayleigh mixture distribution-based hidden Markov model method to analyze time-lapse diffusivity change of single molecules, especially membrane proteins, with unknown dynamic states in living cells. With this method, the diffusion parameters, including diffusion state number, state transition probability, diffusion coefficient, and state mixture ratio, can be extracted from the single-molecule diffusion trajectories accurately via easy computation. The validity of our method has been demonstrated with not only experiments on synthetic trajectories but also single-molecule fluorescence imaging data of two typical membrane receptors. Our method offers a new analytical tool for the investigation of molecular interaction kinetics at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jinghe Yuan
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yahong Sun
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,The Second High School Attached to Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100088 , P. R. China
| | - Tie Xia
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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13
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Miller DSJ, Schmierer B, Hill CS. TGF-β family ligands exhibit distinct signalling dynamics that are driven by receptor localisation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs234039. [PMID: 31217285 PMCID: PMC6679586 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor-induced signal transduction pathways are tightly regulated at multiple points intracellularly, but how cells monitor levels of extracellular ligand and translate this information into appropriate downstream responses remains unclear. Understanding signalling dynamics is thus a key challenge in determining how cells respond to external cues. Here, we demonstrate that different TGF-β family ligands, namely activin A and BMP4, signal with distinct dynamics, which differ profoundly from those of TGF-β itself. The signalling dynamics are driven by differences in the localisation and internalisation of receptors for each ligand, which in turn determine the capability of cells to monitor levels of extracellular ligand. By using mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that the distinct receptor behaviours and signalling dynamics observed may be primarily driven by differences in ligand-receptor affinity. Furthermore, our results provide a clear rationale for the different mechanisms of pathway regulation found in vivo for each of these growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S J Miller
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Bernhard Schmierer
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics and SciLifeLab Biomedicum 9B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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14
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Gao L, Hu Y, Tian Y, Fan Z, Wang K, Li H, Zhou Q, Zeng G, Hu X, Yu L, Zhou S, Tong X, Huang H, Chen H, Liu Q, Liu W, Zhang G, Zeng M, Zhou G, He Q, Ji H, Chen L. Lung cancer deficient in the tumor suppressor GATA4 is sensitive to TGFBR1 inhibition. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1665. [PMID: 30971692 PMCID: PMC6458308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor suppressor genes remain to be systemically identified for lung cancer. Through the genome-wide screening of tumor-suppressive transcription factors, we demonstrate here that GATA4 functions as an essential tumor suppressor in lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic GATA4 expression results in lung cancer cell senescence. Mechanistically, GATA4 upregulates multiple miRNAs targeting TGFB2 mRNA and causes ensuing WNT7B downregulation and eventually triggers cell senescence. Decreased GATA4 level in clinical specimens negatively correlates with WNT7B or TGF-β2 level and is significantly associated with poor prognosis. TGFBR1 inhibitors show synergy with existing therapeutics in treating GATA4-deficient lung cancers in genetically engineered mouse model as well as patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Collectively, our work demonstrates that GATA4 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer and targeting the TGF-β signaling provides a potential way for the treatment of GATA4-deficient lung cancer. The tumor suppressor GATA4 is frequently epigenetically silenced in lung cancer. In this study, Gao et al. demonstrate that GATA4 regulates the expression of TGFBR2 and that TGFRB1 inhibitors can synergise with chemotherapeutics to inhibit the growth of GATA4-deficient tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100094, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Hongdan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guandi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 2450 Holcombe Blvd., Suite 1, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hsinyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangbiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 200120, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Chen H, Ware TMB, Iaria J, Zhu HJ. Live Cell Imaging of the TGF- β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo Using an Adenovirus Reporter System. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30102266 DOI: 10.3791/57926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) signaling regulates many important functions required for cellular homeostasis and is commonly found overexpressed in many diseases, including cancer. TGF-β is strongly implicated in metastasis during late stage cancer progression, activating a subset of migratory and invasive tumor cells. Current methods for signaling pathway analysis focus on endpoint models, which often attempt to measure signaling post-hoc of the biological event and do not reflect the progressive nature of the disease. Here, we demonstrate a novel adenovirus reporter system specific for the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway that can detect transcriptional activation in live cells. Utilizing an Ad-CAGA12-Td-Tom reporter, we can achieve a 100% infection rate of MDA-MB-231 cells within 24 h in vitro. The use of a fluorescent reporter allows for imaging of live single cells in real-time with direct identification of transcriptionally active cells. Stimulation of infected cells with TGF-β displays only a subset of cells that are transcriptionally active and involved in specific biological functions. This approach allows for high specificity and sensitivity at a single cell level to enhance understanding of biological functions related to TGF-β signaling in vitro. Smad3 transcriptional activity can also be reported in vivo in real-time through the application of an Ad-CAGA12-Luc reporter. Ad-CAGA12-Luc can be measured in the same manner as traditional stably transfected luciferase cell lines. Smad3 transcriptional activity of cells implanted in vivo can be analyzed through conventional IVIS imaging and monitored live during tumor progression, providing unique insight into the dynamics of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Our protocol describes an advantageous reporter delivery system allowing for quick high-throughput imaging of live cell signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. This method can be expanded to a range of image based assays and presents as a sensitive and reproducible approach for both basic biology and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Surgery (RMH), University of Melbourne
| | | | | | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery (RMH), University of Melbourne;
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16
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Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large amounts within cancer microenvironments that will ultimately promote neoplastic progression, notably by suppressing the host’s T-cell immunosurveillance. This effect is mostly due to the well-known inhibitory effect of TGF-β on T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Moreover, TGF-β subverts T cell immunity by favoring regulatory T-cell differentiation, further reinforcing immunosuppression within tumor microenvironments. These findings stimulated the development of many strategies to block TGF-β or its signaling pathways, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, to restore anti-cancer immunity. Paradoxically, recent studies provided evidence that TGF-β can also promote differentiation of certain inflammatory populations of T cells, such as Th17, Th9, and resident-memory T cells (Trm), which have been associated with improved tumor control in several models. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of the many roles of TGF-β in T cell biology in the context of tumor immunity and discuss the possibility to manipulate TGF-β signaling to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Dahmani
- Centre de Recherche de L'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Centre de Recherche de L'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Hematology-Oncology service, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
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17
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TGF-β in T Cell Biology: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060194. [PMID: 29891791 PMCID: PMC6025055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large amounts within cancer microenvironments that will ultimately promote neoplastic progression, notably by suppressing the host’s T-cell immunosurveillance. This effect is mostly due to the well-known inhibitory effect of TGF-β on T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Moreover, TGF-β subverts T cell immunity by favoring regulatory T-cell differentiation, further reinforcing immunosuppression within tumor microenvironments. These findings stimulated the development of many strategies to block TGF-β or its signaling pathways, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, to restore anti-cancer immunity. Paradoxically, recent studies provided evidence that TGF-β can also promote differentiation of certain inflammatory populations of T cells, such as Th17, Th9, and resident-memory T cells (Trm), which have been associated with improved tumor control in several models. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of the many roles of TGF-β in T cell biology in the context of tumor immunity and discuss the possibility to manipulate TGF-β signaling to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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18
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Wang XC, Liu Z, Jin LH. Anchor negatively regulates BMP signalling to control Drosophila wing development. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:308-317. [PMID: 29735293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors play particularly important roles in many organisms. The novel Drosophila gene anchor is an orthologue of vertebrate GPR155. However, the roles of anchor in molecular functions and biological processes, especially in wing development, remain unknown. Knockdown of anchor resulted in an increased wing size and additional and thickened veins. These abnormal wing phenotypes were similar to those observed in BMP signalling gain-of-function experiments. We observed that the BMP signalling indicator p-Mad was significantly increased in wing discs in which anchor RNAi was induced in larvae and accumulated abnormally in intervein regions in pupae. Furthermore, the expression of target genes of the BMP signalling pathway was examined using a lacZ reporter, and the results indicated that omb and sal were substantially increased in anchor-knockdown wing discs. An investigation of genetic interactions between Anchor and the BMP signalling pathway revealed that the thickened and ectopic vein tissues were rescued by knocking down BMP levels. These results suggested that Anchor functions to negatively regulate BMP signalling during wing development and vein formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ziguang Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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19
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Strasen J, Sarma U, Jentsch M, Bohn S, Sheng C, Horbelt D, Knaus P, Legewie S, Loewer A. Cell-specific responses to the cytokine TGFβ are determined by variability in protein levels. Mol Syst Biol 2018; 14:e7733. [PMID: 29371237 PMCID: PMC5787704 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20177733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine TGFβ provides important information during embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Alterations in the cellular response to TGFβ are involved in severe human diseases. To understand how cells encode the extracellular input and transmit its information to elicit appropriate responses, we acquired quantitative time-resolved measurements of pathway activation at the single-cell level. We established dynamic time warping to quantitatively compare signaling dynamics of thousands of individual cells and described heterogeneous single-cell responses by mathematical modeling. Our combined experimental and theoretical study revealed that the response to a given dose of TGFβ is determined cell specifically by the levels of defined signaling proteins. This heterogeneity in signaling protein expression leads to decomposition of cells into classes with qualitatively distinct signaling dynamics and phenotypic outcome. Negative feedback regulators promote heterogeneous signaling, as a SMAD7 knock-out specifically affected the signal duration in a subpopulation of cells. Taken together, we propose a quantitative framework that allows predicting and testing sources of cellular signaling heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette Strasen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uddipan Sarma
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Jentsch
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Bohn
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Caibin Sheng
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Horbelt
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Loewer
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany .,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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20
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Zhao R, Li N, Xu J, Li W, Fang X. Quantitative single-molecule study of TGF-β/Smad signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:51-59. [PMID: 29190315 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway triggers diverse cellular responses among different cell types and environmental conditions. Quantitative analysis of protein-protein interactions involved in TGF-β/Smad signaling is demanded for understanding the molecular mechanism of this signaling pathway. Live-cell single-molecule microcopy with high spatiotemporal resolution is a new tool to monitor key molecular events in a real-time manner. In this review, we mainly presented the recent work on the quantitative characterization of TGF-β/Smad signaling proteins by single-molecule method, and showed how it enabled us to obtain new insights about this canonical signaling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Lü X, Qu Y, Hong Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yang D, Zhang F, Xi T, Zhang D. A high-throughput study on endothelial cell adhesion and growth mediated by adsorbed serum protein via signaling pathway PCR array. Regen Biomater 2017; 5:25-34. [PMID: 29423265 PMCID: PMC5798144 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to utilize the signaling pathway polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays to investigate the activation of two important biological signaling pathways in endothelial cell adhesion and growth mediated by adsorbed serum protein on the surface of bare and titanium nitride (TiN)-coated nickel titanium (NiTi) alloys. First, the endothelial cells were cultured on the bare and TiN-coated NiTi alloys and chitosan films as control for 4 h and 24 h, respectively. Then, the total RNA of the cells was collected and the PCR arrays were performed. After that, the differentially expressed genes in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway were screened out; and the further bioinformatics analyses were performed. The results showed that both TGF-β signaling pathway and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway were activated in the cells after 4 h and 24 h culturing on the surface of bare and TiN-coated NiTi alloys compared to the chitosan group. The activated TGF-β signaling pathway promoted cell adhesion; the activated regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway promoted cell adhesion, spreading, growth and motility. In addition, the activation of both pathways was much stronger in the cells cultured for 24 h versus 4 h, which indicated that cell adhesion and growth became more favorable with longer time on the surface of two NiTi alloy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yayun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hong
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- SQ Medical Device Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dayun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fudan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Tingfei Xi
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China and
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- R&D Center of Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, P.R. China
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22
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Khatibi S, Zhu HJ, Wagner J, Tan CW, Manton JH, Burgess AW. Mathematical model of TGF-βsignalling: feedback coupling is consistent with signal switching. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:48. [PMID: 28407804 PMCID: PMC5390422 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling regulates the development of embryos and tissue homeostasis in adults. In conjunction with other oncogenic changes, long-term perturbation of TGF-β signalling is associated with cancer metastasis. Although TGF-β signalling can be complex, many of the signalling components are well defined, so it is possible to develop mathematical models of TGF-β signalling using reduction and scaling methods. The parameterization of our TGF-β signalling model is consistent with experimental data. Results We developed our mathematical model for the TGF-β signalling pathway, i.e. the RF- model of TGF-β signalling, using the “rapid equilibrium assumption” to reduce the network of TGF-β signalling reactions based on the time scales of the individual reactions. By adding time-delayed positive feedback to the inherent time-delayed negative feedback for TGF-β signalling. We were able to simulate the sigmoidal, switch-like behaviour observed for the concentration dependence of long-term (> 3 hours) TGF-β stimulation. Computer simulations revealed the vital role of the coupling of the positive and negative feedback loops on the regulation of the TGF-β signalling system. The incorporation of time-delays for the negative feedback loop improved the accuracy, stability and robustness of the model. This model reproduces both the short-term and long-term switching responses for the intracellular signalling pathways at different TGF-β concentrations. We have tested the model against experimental data from MEF (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) WT, SV40-immortalized MEFs and Gp130 F/F MEFs. The predictions from the RF- model are consistent with the experimental data. Conclusions Signalling feedback loops are required to model TGF-β signal transduction and its effects on normal and cancer cells. We focus on the effects of time-delayed feedback loops and their coupling to ligand stimulation in this system. The model was simplified and reduced to its key components using standard methods and the rapid equilibrium assumption. We detected differences in short-term and long-term signal switching. The results from the RF- model compare well with experimental data and predict the dynamics of TGF-β signalling in cancer cells with different mutations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-017-0421-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Khatibi
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - John Wagner
- IBM Research Collaboratory for Life Sciences-Melbourne, Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, 87 Grattan Street, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,IBM Research-Australia, 204 Lygon Street Level 5, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan H Manton
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Department of Surgery (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia. .,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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Morel PA, Lee REC, Faeder JR. Demystifying the cytokine network: Mathematical models point the way. Cytokine 2016; 98:115-123. [PMID: 27919524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines provide the means by which immune cells communicate with each other and with parenchymal cells. There are over one hundred cytokines and many exist in families that share receptor components and signal transduction pathways, creating complex networks. Reductionist approaches to understanding the role of specific cytokines, through the use of gene-targeted mice, have revealed further complexity in the form of redundancy and pleiotropy in cytokine function. Creating an understanding of the complex interactions between cytokines and their target cells is challenging experimentally. Mathematical and computational modeling provides a robust set of tools by which complex interactions between cytokines can be studied and analyzed, in the process creating novel insights that can be further tested experimentally. This review will discuss and provide examples of the different modeling approaches that have been used to increase our understanding of cytokine networks. This includes discussion of knowledge-based and data-driven modeling approaches and the recent advance in single-cell analysis. The use of modeling to optimize cytokine-based therapies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Morel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Robin E C Lee
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - James R Faeder
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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24
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Li N, Yang Y, He K, Zhang F, Zhao L, Zhou W, Yuan J, Liang W, Fang X. Single-Molecule Imaging Reveals the Activation Dynamics of Intracellular Protein Smad3 on Cell Membrane. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33469. [PMID: 27641076 PMCID: PMC5027577 DOI: 10.1038/srep33469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Smad3 is an intracellular protein that plays a key role in propagating transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signals from cell membrane to nucleus. However whether the transient process of Smad3 activation occurs on cell membrane and how it is regulated remains elusive. Using advanced live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to image and track fluorescent protein-labeled Smad3, we observed and quantified, for the first time, the dynamics of individual Smad3 molecules docking to and activation on the cell membrane. It was found that Smad3 docked to cell membrane in both unstimulated and stimulated cells, but with different diffusion rates and dissociation kinetics. The change in its membrane docking dynamics can be used to study the activation of Smad3. Our results reveal that Smad3 binds with type I TGF-β receptor (TRI) even in unstimulated cells. Its activation is regulated by TRI phosphorylation but independent of receptor endocytosis. This study offers new information on TGF-β/Smad signaling, as well as a new approach to investigate the activation of intracellular signaling proteins for a better understanding of their functions in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Kangmin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Fayun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Drugs, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jinghe Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Drugs, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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25
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RNA interference in Haliotis rufescens myostatin evidences upregulation of insulin signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Liang D, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Yang G, An G, Li X, Niu P, Chen L, Tian L. BMP-7 attenuated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis through modulation of the balance between TGF-β/Smad and BMP-7/Smad signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 243:72-81. [PMID: 26585589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-fibrotic effects and possible mechanisms of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on silica induced fibrosis in RLE-6TN cells, and compare the preventive treatment of experimental silicosis with BMP-7 with therapeutic treatment of silicosis in vitro models. METHODS RLE-6TN cells were incubated with the supernatant of RAW264.7, treated by 50 μg/mL silica in either presence or absence of BMP-7 in different phases. Morphological changes and the cellular wound-healing assays were used to evaluate the process of EMT. By using Western Blotting, the epithelial marker E-cadherin (E-cad), and the mesenchymal markers Vimentin (Vim), Snail, and fibronectin (FN) were detected as well as the Smad signaling pathway proteins, including phosphorylated Smad1/5(P-Smad1/5), phosphorylated Smad2/3(P-Smad2/3), and non-phosphorylated Smad1, Smad8, and Smad2. The progress of fibrosis was assessed by the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and collagen I and III protein levels. In addition, MTT assay was used to explore the toxic effects of silica as well as BMP-7. RESULTS The EMT model of RLE-6TN cells was established successfully, the cells had a fibroblast-like morphology with increasing migration activity. The expressions of Vim, Snail, FN, collagen I and collagen III were up-regulated with the increase of silica concentration. BMP-7 could attenuate the decrease of P-Smad1/5 and the increase of P-Smad2/3, collagen I, collagen III, and FN via Smad signaling pathway. BMP-7 inhibited the mesenchymal-like responses in RLE-6TN cells, including cell migration, expression of fibrosis markers, and secretion of Hyp. Furthermore, the anti-fibrotic effects in the prevention group were more effective than treatment group. CONCLUSION The restoration of BMP signaling with BMP-7 is associated with inhibiting silica-induced fibrosis through the mechanisms of activated BMP-7/Smad and suppressed TGF-β/Smad pathways. Preventive treatment of pulmonary fibrosis progression with BMP-7 may expect to be the optimized strategy than therapeutic therapy of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gengxia Yang
- Oncology Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guoliang An
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Tian
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Tazat K, Hector-Greene M, Blobe GC, Henis YI. TβRIII independently binds type I and type II TGF-β receptors to inhibit TGF-β signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3535-45. [PMID: 26269580 PMCID: PMC4591696 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Study of the TβRIII interaction with the signaling TGF-β receptors shows that TβRIII homo-oligomerization is indirect, depending largely on interactions with GIPC scaffolds. TβRI and II bind independently to TβRIII, competing with TβRI-TβRII complex formation and inhibiting Smad2/3 signaling by a mechanism independent of TβRIII ectodomain shedding. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor oligomerization has important roles in signaling. Complex formation among type I and type II (TβRI and TβRII) TGF-β receptors is well characterized and is essential for signal transduction. However, studies on their interactions with the type III TGF-β coreceptor (TβRIII) in live cells and their effects on TGF-β signaling are lacking. Here we investigated the homomeric and heteromeric interactions of TβRIII with TβRI and TβRII in live cells by combining IgG-mediated patching/immobilization of a given TGF-β receptor with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies on the lateral diffusion of a coexpressed receptor. Our studies demonstrate that TβRIII homo-oligomerization is indirect and depends on its cytoplasmic domain interactions with scaffold proteins (mainly GIPC). We show that TβRII and TβRI bind independently to TβRIII, whereas TβRIII augments TβRI/TβRII association, suggesting that TβRI and TβRII bind to TβRIII simultaneously but not as a complex. TβRIII expression inhibited TGF-β–mediated Smad2/3 signaling in MDA-MB-231 cell lines, an effect that depended on the TβRIII cytoplasmic domain and did not require TβRIII ectodomain shedding. We propose that independent binding of TβRI and TβRII to TβRIII competes with TβRI/TβRII signaling complex formation, thus inhibiting TGF-β–mediated Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Tazat
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Gerard C Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708 Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel )
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28
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Sun H, Zhao Y, Bi X, Li S, Su G, Miao Y, Ma X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhong M. Valsartan blocks thrombospondin/transforming growth factor/Smads to inhibit aortic remodeling in diabetic rats. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:18. [PMID: 25884585 PMCID: PMC4460645 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II (Ang II) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) are closely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. We aimed to determine whether an aberrant thrombospondin 1 (TSP1)–mediated TGFβ1/Smads signaling pathway specifically affects vascular fibrosis in diabetic rats and whether valsartan, an Ang II subtype 1 receptor blocker, has an anti-fibrotic effect. Methods Age-matched male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (n = 8), diabetes (n = 16) and valsartan (30 mg/kg/day) (n = 16). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced by a high-calorie diet and streptozotocin injection. Morphological and biomechanical properties of the thoracic aorta were assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Masson staining was used for histological evaluation of extracellular matrix (ECM). The expression of components in the TSP1–mediated TGFβ1/Smads signaling pathway was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results As compared with controls, diabetic aortas showed reduced distensibility and compliance, with excess ECM deposition. Components in the TSP1-mediated TGFβ1/Smads signaling pathway, including TSP1, TGFβ1, TGFβ type II receptor (TβRII), Smad2 and Smad3, were accumulated in vascular smooth muscle cytoplasm of diabetic aortas and their protein and mRNA levels were upregulated. All these abnormalities were attenuated by valsartan. Conclusions TSP1-mediated TGFβ1/Smads pathway activation plays an important role in marcovascular remodeling in T2DM in rat. Valsartan can block the pathway and ameliorate vascular fibrosis. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1053842818141195
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, the Department of Cardiology, Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, No.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Xiuping Bi
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, the Department of Cardiology, Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, No.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Guohai Su
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
| | - Ya Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, the Department of Cardiology, Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, No.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, the Department of Cardiology, Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, No.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, the Department of Cardiology, Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, No.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, the Department of Cardiology, Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, No.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, the Department of Cardiology, Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, No.107, Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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Tortolina L, Duffy DJ, Maffei M, Castagnino N, Carmody AM, Kolch W, Kholodenko BN, Ambrosi CD, Barla A, Biganzoli EM, Nencioni A, Patrone F, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G, Verri A, Parodi S. Advances in dynamic modeling of colorectal cancer signaling-network regions, a path toward targeted therapies. Oncotarget 2015; 6:5041-58. [PMID: 25671297 PMCID: PMC4467132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interconnected network of pathways downstream of the TGFβ, WNT and EGF-families of receptor ligands play an important role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis.We studied and implemented dynamic simulations of multiple downstream pathways and described the section of the signaling network considered as a Molecular Interaction Map (MIM). Our simulations used Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), which involved 447 reactants and their interactions.Starting from an initial "physiologic condition", the model can be adapted to simulate individual pathologic cancer conditions implementing alterations/mutations in relevant onco-proteins. We verified some salient model predictions using the mutated colorectal cancer lines HCT116 and HT29. We measured the amount of MYC and CCND1 mRNAs and AKT and ERK phosphorylated proteins, in response to individual or combination onco-protein inhibitor treatments. Experimental and simulation results were well correlated. Recent independently published results were also predicted by our model.Even in the presence of an approximate and incomplete signaling network information, a predictive dynamic modeling seems already possible. An important long term road seems to be open and can be pursued further, by incremental steps, toward even larger and better parameterized MIMs. Personalized treatment strategies with rational associations of signaling-proteins inhibitors, could become a realistic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tortolina
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - David J. Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Massimo Maffei
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Castagnino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Aimée M. Carmody
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Boris N. Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cristina De Ambrosi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Barla
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Elia M. Biganzoli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics “Giulio A. Maccacaro”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Italy
- Istituto a Carattere di Ricerca Clinic - Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Patrone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Italy
- Istituto a Carattere di Ricerca Clinic - Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Italy
- Istituto a Carattere di Ricerca Clinic - Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Italy
- Istituto a Carattere di Ricerca Clinic - Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Verri
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio Parodi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specializations (DIMI), University of Genoa, Italy
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Phelix CF, Villareal G, LeBaron RG, Roberson DJ. Biomarkers from biosimulations: Transcriptome-To-Reactome™ Technology for individualized medicine. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:3452-5. [PMID: 25570733 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We validated a model of the TGF-β signaling pathway using reactions from Reactome. Using a patentpending technique, gene expression profiles from individual patients are used to determine model parameters. Gene expression profiles from 45 women, normal, or benign tumor and malignant breast cancer were used as training and validating sets for assessing clinical sensitivity and specificity. Biomarkers were identified from the biosimulation results using sensitivity analyses and derivative properties from the model. A membrane signaling marker had sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 60%; while a nuclear transcription factor marker had sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 90% to predict malignancy. Use of Fagan's nomogram increased probability from 7.5% for positive mammogram to 39% with positive results of the biosimulation for the nuclear marker. Our technology will allow researchers to identify and develop biomarkers and assist clinicians in diagnostic and treatment decision making.
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Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ, Inglis JE, Panton LB, Duque G, Ormsbee MJ. Interrelationship among muscle, fat, and bone: connecting the dots on cellular, hormonal, and whole body levels. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:51-60. [PMID: 24632496 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity have been recognized in the last decade, a combined concept to include decreased muscle mass and strength, as well as decreased bone mass with coexistence of adiposity is discussed here. We introduce a new term, osteopenic obesity, and operationalize its meaning within the context of osteopenia and obesity. Next, we consolidate osteopenic obesity with the already existing and more familiar term, sarcopenic obesity, and delineate the resulting combined condition assigning it the term osteosarcopenic obesity. Identification and possible diagnosis of each condition are discussed, as well as the interactions of muscle, fat and bone tissues on cellular level, considering their endocrine features. Special emphasis is placed on the mesenchymal stem cell commitment into osteoblastogenic, adipogenic and myogenic lineages and causes of its deregulation. Based on the presented evidence and as expounded within the text, it is reasonable to say that under certain conditions, osteoporosis and sarcopenia could be the obesity of bone and muscle, respectively, with the term osteosarcopenic obesity as an encompassment for all.
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MiRNA 17 family regulates cisplatin-resistant and metastasis by targeting TGFbetaR2 in NSCLC. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94639. [PMID: 24722426 PMCID: PMC3983236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to play crucial roles in cancer, including tumor chemotherapy resistance and metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). TGFβ signal pathway abnormality is widely found in cancer and correlates with tumor proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. Here, miR-17, 20a, 20b were detected down-regulated in A549/DDP cells (cisplatin resistance) compared with A549 cells (cisplatin sensitive). Over-expression of miR-17, 20a, 20b can not only decrease cisplatin-resistant but also reduce migration by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549/DDP cells. These functions of miR-17, 20a, 20b may be caused at least in part via inhibition of TGFβ signal pathway, as miR-17, 20a, 20b are shown to directly target and repress TGF-beta receptor 2 (TGFβR2) which is an important component of TGFβ signal pathway. Consequently, our study suggests that miRNA 17 family (including miR-17, 20a, 20b) can act as TGFβR2 suppressor for reversing cisplatin-resistant and suppressing metastasis in NSCLC.
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Hu GR, Zheng BX, Liu ZF. Association between TGFB1 915G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:239-244. [PMID: 24649103 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene, namely TGFB1, contains several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and some of the polymorphic variants were shown to affect the TGF-β1 protein levels. A number of studies reported the association between 915G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association of TGFB1 915G/C polymorphism with susceptibility to chronic HCV infection. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched up to August, 2013 to identify relevant studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated in 5 genetic comparison models (C vs. G, CC vs. GG, GC vs. GG, CC vs. GG+GC and CC+GC vs. GG). The Galbraith plot and subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, genotyping methods, sample size and fibrosis were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis and assessment of publication bias were also conducted. Finally, 8 eligible case-control studies on TGFB1 915G/C polymorphism, including a total of 910 cases and 632 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, there was no evidence of any gene-disease association obtained from the subgroup analyses. Therefore, this meta-analysis demonstrated that there is no association between TGFB1 915G/C polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rui Hu
- Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China ; Department of Digestive Disease, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Xia Zheng
- Department of Digestive Disease, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Feng Liu
- Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China ; Department of Digestive Disease, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Yang Y, Wolfram J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Fang X, Shen H, Ferrari M. Live-cell single-molecule imaging reveals clathrin and caveolin-1 dependent docking of SMAD4 at the cell membrane. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3912-20. [PMID: 24211445 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is important for many biological processes. Although the sequential events of this cascade are known, the dynamics remain speculative. Here, live-cell single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the dynamics of SMAD4, a TGF-β downstream effector, in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Contrary to previous belief, SMAD4 was detectable at the cytoplasmic membrane, displaying two subpopulations with different membrane docking behaviors. These subpopulations were regulated by clathrin and caveolin-1, and had opposing roles in the nuclear shuttling of SMAD4 and the subsequent transcriptional regulation of genes associated with cell migration. The notion that membrane-docking behaviors of downstream molecules could predict the cellular response to growth factors may revolutionize the way we view cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Li L, Wang J, Chau JFL, Liu H, Li B, Hao A, Li J. Smad1 stabilization and delocalization in response to the blockade of BMP activity. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:340-54. [PMID: 23793844 PMCID: PMC6275640 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling at the plasma membrane receptors is generally terminated by some form of feedback regulation, such as endocytosis and/or degradation of the receptors. BMP-Smad1 signaling can also be attenuated by BMP-induced expression of the inhibitory Smads, which are negative regulators of Smad1 transactivation activity and/or BMP antagonists. Here, we report on a novel Smad1 regulation mechanism that occurs in response to the blockade of BMP activity. Lowering the serum levels or antagonizing BMPs with noggin led to upregulation of Smad1 at the protein level in several cell lines, but not to upregulation of Smad5, Smad8 or Smad2/3. The Smad1 upregulation occurs at the level of protein stabilization. Upregulated Smad1 was relocalized to the perinuclear region. These alterations seem to affect the dynamics and amplitude of BMP2-induced Smad1 reactivation. Our findings indicate that depleting or antagonizing BMPs leads to Smad1 stabilization and relocalization, thus revealing an unexpected regulatory mechanism for BMP-Smad1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhe Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012 China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kelly OJ, Gilman JC, Kim Y, Ilich JZ. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may mutually benefit both obesity and osteoporosis. Nutr Res 2013; 33:521-33. [PMID: 23827126 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The overconsumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), resulting in a high ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA, may contribute to the increased pathogenesis of obesity and osteoporosis by promoting low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI). As evidence suggests, both obesity and osteoporosis are linked on a cellular and systemic basis. This review will analyze if a relationship exists between LGCI, fat, bone, and n-3 PUFA. During the life cycle, inflammation increases, fat mass accumulates, and bone mass declines, thus suggesting that a connection exists. This review will begin by examining how the current American diet and dietary guidelines may fall short of providing an anti-inflammatory dose of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It will then define LGCI and outline the evidence for a relationship between fat and bone. Inflammation as it pertains to obesity and osteoporosis and how EPA and DHA can alleviate the associated inflammation will be discussed, followed by some preliminary evidence to show how mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage commitment may be altered by inflammation to favor adipogenesis. Our hypothesis is that n-3 PUFA positively influence obesity and osteoporosis by reducing LGCI, ultimately leading to a beneficial shift in MSC lineage commitment. This hypothesis essentially relates the need for more focused research in several areas such as determining age and lifestyle factors that promote the shift in MSC commitment and if current intakes of EPA and DHA are optimal for fat and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen J Kelly
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Columbus, OH 43219-3034, USA.
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37
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Morinaga J, Kakizoe Y, Miyoshi T, Onoue T, Ueda M, Mizumoto T, Yamazoe R, Uchimura K, Hayata M, Shiraishi N, Adachi M, Sakai Y, Tomita K, Kitamura K. The antifibrotic effect of a serine protease inhibitor in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F173-81. [PMID: 23698112 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00586.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis is a final common pathway for the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Activated fibroblasts have an extremely important role in the progression of renal fibrosis, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β₁ is a major activator of fibroblasts. Since previous reports have indicated that serine protease inhibitors have a potential to inhibit TGF-β₁ signaling in vitro, we hypothesized that a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, camostat mesilate (CM), could slow the progression of renal fibrosis. TGF-β₁ markedly increased the phosphorylation of TGF-β type I receptor, ERK 1/2, and Smad2/3 and the levels of profibrotic markers, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, in renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells), and they were all significantly reduced by CM. In protocol 1, 8-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and were concurrently treated with a slow-release pellet of CM or vehicle for 14 days. Protocol 2 was similar to protocol 1 except that CM was administered 7 days after UUO. CM substantially improved renal fibrosis as determined by sirius red staining, collagen expression, and hydroxyproline levels. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Smad2/3 and the levels of α-SMA, CTGF, promatrix metalloproteinase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 were substantially increased by UUO, and they were all significantly attenuated by CM. These antifibrotic effects of CM were also observed in protocol 2. Our present results suggest the possibility that CM might represent a new class of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of renal fibrosis through the suppression of TGF-β₁ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Morinaga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Schul D, Schmitt A, Regneri J, Schartl M, Wagner TU. Burst BMP triggered receptor kinase activity drives Smad1 mediated long-term target gene oscillation in C2C12 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59442. [PMID: 23560048 PMCID: PMC3613406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are important growth factors that regulate many cellular processes. During embryogenesis they act as morphogens and play a critical role during organ development. They influence cell fates via concentration-gradients in the embryos where cells transduce this extracellular information into gene expression profiles and cell fate decisions. How receiving cells decode and quantify BMP2/4 signals is hardly understood. There is little data on the quantitative relationships between signal input, transducing molecules, their states and location, and ultimately their ability to integrate graded systemic inputs and generate qualitative responses. Understanding this signaling network on a quantitative level should be considered a prerequisite for efficient pathway modulation, as the BMP pathway is a prime target for therapeutic invention. Hence, we quantified the spatial distribution of the main signal transducer of the BMP2/4 pathway in response to different types and levels of stimuli in c2c12 cells. We found that the subcellular localization of Smad1 is independent of ligand concentration. In contrast, Smad1 phosphorylation levels relate proportionally to BMP2 ligand concentrations and they are entirely located in the nucleus. Interestingly, we found that BMP2 stimulates target gene expression in non-linear, wave-like forms. Amplitudes showed a clear concentration-dependency, for sustained and transient stimulation. We found that even burst-stimulation triggers gene-expression wave-like modulations that are detectable for at least 30 h. Finally, we show here that target gene expression oscillations depend on receptor kinase activity, as the kinase drives further expression pulses without receptor reactivation and the target gene expression breaks off after inhibitor treatment in c2c12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schul
- Physiological Chemistry I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schmitt
- Physiological Chemistry I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Janine Regneri
- Physiological Chemistry I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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39
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Míguez DG, Gil-Guiñón E, Pons S, Martí E. Smad2 and Smad3 cooperate and antagonize simultaneously in vertebrate neurogenesis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5335-43. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.130435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway plays key roles in development and cancer. (TGF-β) signaling converges on the Smad2 and Smad3 effectors, which can either cooperate or antagonize to regulate their transcriptional targets. Here we performed in vivo and in silico experiments to study how such cooperativity and antagonism might function during neurogenesis. In vivo electroporation experiments in the chick embryo neural tube show that Smad2 and Smad3 cooperate to promote neurogenesis, as well as the transcription of Smad3 specific targets. Smad2 knockdown enhances neurogenesis and the transcription of Smad3 specific targets. A mathematical model of the TGF-β pathway fits the experimental results and predicts that the proportions of the three different trimeric complexes formed dictates the transcriptional responses of the R-Smads. As such, Smad2 targets are activated solely by the Smad2-Smad2-Smad4 complex, while Smad3 targets are activated both by Smad2-Smad3 Smad4 and Smad3- Smad3-Smad4 trimers. Since we have modeled the Smad responses onto arbitrary genes, we propose that this mechanism might be extended to additional activities of TGF-β in development and disease.
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40
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Zhong L, Wang X, Wang S, Yang L, Gao H, Yang C. The anti-fibrotic effect of bone morphogenic protein-7(BMP-7) on liver fibrosis. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:441-50. [PMID: 23471555 PMCID: PMC3590605 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims : Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) alleviates renal fibrosis and improves kidney function. However, the beneficial effect of BMP-7 on hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of rhBMP-7 on liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods : Liver fibrosis in the rat model was induced by peritoneal injection of porcine-serum (0.5ml/kg body weight) twice a week over 8 weeks. The effect of rhBMP-7 on hepatic fibrosis was monitored in rhBMP-7 pre-treated and non-treated rats. Pathologic changes were determined by immunohistolocial staining. TGF-β1 expression was investigated by immunohistolocial staining, western blotting, and real-time PCR. Collagen secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : Liver fibrosis was significantly reduced by rhBMP-7. The secretion of collagen type-I and -III was decreased by rhBMP-7 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) but not in hepatocytes. The anti-fibrotic effect of rhBMP-7 on liver fibrosis was resulted by blocking the nuclear accumulation of Smad2/3 or by inhibiting TGF-β1 expression in HSCs or hepatocytes. Conclusions : The anti-fibrogenic mechanism of rhBMP-7 in the rat liver fibrosis was depended on the reduction of TGF-β1 overexpression and the inhibition of TGF-β1 triggered intracellular signalling in hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhong
- Division of Gastroenterology, East Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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41
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Schilling TF, Nie Q, Lander AD. Dynamics and precision in retinoic acid morphogen gradients. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2012; 22:562-9. [PMID: 23266215 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) regulates many cellular behaviors during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Like other morphogens, RA forms gradients through the use of localized sources and sinks, feedback, and interactions with other signals; this has been particularly well studied in the context of hindbrain segmentation in vertebrate embryos. Yet, as a small lipophilic molecule derived from a dietary source-vitamin A-RA differs markedly from better-studied polypeptide morphogens in its mechanisms of transport, signaling, and removal. Computational models suggest that the distinctive features of RA gradients make them particularly robust to large perturbations. Such features include combined positive and negative feedback effects via intracellular fatty acid binding proteins and RA-degrading enzymes. Here, we discuss how these features, together with feedback interactions among RA target genes, help enable RA to specify multiple, accurate pattern elements in the developing hindbrain, despite operating in an environment of high cellular and biochemical uncertainty and noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Schilling
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2280, United States.
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42
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Charoentong P, Angelova M, Efremova M, Gallasch R, Hackl H, Galon J, Trajanoski Z. Bioinformatics for cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1885-903. [PMID: 22986455 PMCID: PMC3493665 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent mechanistic insights obtained from preclinical studies and the approval of the first immunotherapies has motivated increasing number of academic investigators and pharmaceutical/biotech companies to further elucidate the role of immunity in tumor pathogenesis and to reconsider the role of immunotherapy. Additionally, technological advances (e.g., next-generation sequencing) are providing unprecedented opportunities to draw a comprehensive picture of the tumor genomics landscape and ultimately enable individualized treatment. However, the increasing complexity of the generated data and the plethora of bioinformatics methods and tools pose considerable challenges to both tumor immunologists and clinical oncologists. In this review, we describe current concepts and future challenges for the management and analysis of data for cancer immunology and immunotherapy. We first highlight publicly available databases with specific focus on cancer immunology including databases for somatic mutations and epitope databases. We then give an overview of the bioinformatics methods for the analysis of next-generation sequencing data (whole-genome and exome sequencing), epitope prediction tools as well as methods for integrative data analysis and network modeling. Mathematical models are powerful tools that can predict and explain important patterns in the genetic and clinical progression of cancer. Therefore, a survey of mathematical models for tumor evolution and tumor-immune cell interaction is included. Finally, we discuss future challenges for individualized immunotherapy and suggest how a combined computational/experimental approaches can lead to new insights into the molecular mechanisms of cancer, improved diagnosis, and prognosis of the disease and pinpoint novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Charoentong
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mirjana Efremova
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralf Gallasch
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jerome Galon
- INSERM U872, Integrative Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Spatial aspects in the SMAD signaling pathway. J Math Biol 2012; 67:1171-97. [PMID: 22986890 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-012-0574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Among other approaches, differential equations are used for a deterministic quantitative description of time-dependent biological processes. For intracellular systems, such as signaling pathways, most existing models are based on ordinary differential equations. These models describe temporal processes, while they neglect spatial aspects. We present a model for the SMAD signaling pathway, which gives a temporal and spatial description on the basis of reaction diffusion equations to answer the question whether cell geometry plays a role in signaling. In this article we simulate the ordinary differential equations as well as partial differential equations of parabolic type with suile numerical methods, the latter on different cell geometries. In addition to manual construction of idealized cells, we also construct meshes from microscopy images of real cells. The main focus of the paper is to compare the results of the model without and with spatial aspects to answer the addressed question. The results show that diffusion in the model can lead to significant intracellular gradients of signaling molecules and changes the level of response to the signal transduced by the signaling pathway. In particular, the extent of these observations depends on the geometry of the cell.
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Redondo S, Navarro-Dorado J, Ramajo M, Medina Ú, Tejerina T. The complex regulation of TGF-β in cardiovascular disease. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2012; 8:533-9. [PMID: 23028232 PMCID: PMC3446857 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s28041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with many and complex effects in cell and tissue physiology. This is made possible by a very complex and interwoven signaling system, whose regulation continues to be the focus of a growing line of research. This complex regulation translates to a key role in cardiovascular physiology, hemostasis, and the blood–vessel interface. In accordance with this, the TGF-β1 pathway appears to be deregulated in related disorders, such as atherosclerotic vascular disease and myeloproliferative syndromes. It is expected that the growing amount of experimental and clinical research will yield medical advances in the applications of knowledge of the TGF-β1 pathway to diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Redondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Differential regulation of Smad3 and of the type II transforming growth factor-β receptor in mitosis: implications for signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43459. [PMID: 22927969 PMCID: PMC3425481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) depends on cellular context. This context is changed in mitosis through selective inhibition of vesicle trafficking, reduction in cell volume and the activation of mitotic kinases. We hypothesized that these alterations in cell context may induce a differential regulation of Smads and TGF-β receptors. We tested this hypothesis in mesenchymal-like ovarian cancer cells, arrested (or not) in mitosis with 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2). In mitosis, without TGF-β stimulation, Smad3 was phosphorylated at the C-terminus and linker regions and localized to the mitotic spindle. Phosphorylated Smad3 interacted with the negative regulators of Smad signaling, Smurf2 and Ski, and failed to induce a transcriptional response. Moreover, in cells arrested in mitosis, Smad3 levels were progressively reduced. These phosphorylations and reduction in the levels of Smad3 depended on ERK activation and Mps1 kinase activity, and were abrogated by increasing the volume of cells arrested in mitosis with hypotonic medium. Furthermore, an Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of GFP-Smad3 was also observed upon its over-expression in interphase cells, suggesting a mechanism of negative regulation which counters increases in Smad3 concentration. Arrest in mitosis also induced a block in the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII). Moreover, following the stimulation of mitotic cells with TGF-β, the proteasome-mediated attenuation of TGF-β receptor activity, the degradation and clearance of TβRII from the plasma membrane, and the clearance of the TGF-β ligand from the medium were compromised, and the C-terminus phosphorylation of Smad3 was prolonged. We propose that the reduction in Smad3 levels, its linker phosphorylation, and its association with negative regulators (observed in mitosis prior to ligand stimulation) represent a signal attenuating mechanism. This mechanism is balanced by the retention of active TGF-β receptors at the plasma membrane. Together, both mechanisms allow for a regulated cellular response to TGF-β stimuli in mitosis.
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46
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Zi Z, Chapnick DA, Liu X. Dynamics of TGF-β/Smad signaling. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1921-8. [PMID: 22710166 PMCID: PMC4127320 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The physiological responses to TGF-β stimulation are diverse and vary amongst different cell types and environmental conditions. Even though the principal molecular components of the canonical and the non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways have been largely identified, the mechanism that underlies the well-established context dependent physiological responses remains a mystery. Understanding how the components of TGF-β signaling function as a system and how this system functions in the context of the global cellular regulatory network requires a more quantitative and systematic approach. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding TGF-β biology using integration of mathematical modeling and quantitative experimental analysis. These studies reveal many interesting dynamics of TGF-β signaling and how cells quantitatively decode variable doses of TGF-β stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Zi
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Douglas A. Chapnick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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47
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Kundrát P, Friedland W. Non-linear response of cells to signals leads to revised characteristics of bystander effects inferred from their modelling. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:743-50. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.698029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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48
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Chau JFL, Jia D, Wang Z, Liu Z, Hu Y, Zhang X, Jia H, Lai KP, Leong WF, Au BJ, Mishina Y, Chen YG, Biondi C, Robertson E, Xie D, Liu H, He L, Wang X, Yu Q, Li B. A crucial role for bone morphogenetic protein-Smad1 signalling in the DNA damage response. Nat Commun 2012; 3:836. [PMID: 22588298 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and the elicited cellular response underlie the etiology of tumorigenesis and ageing. Yet, how this response integrates inputs from cells' environmental cues remains underexplored. Here we report that the BMP-Smad1 pathway, which is essential for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, has an important role in the DNA damage response and oncogenesis. On genotoxic stress, Atm phosphorylates BMPs-activated Smad1 in the nucleus on S239, which disrupts Smad1 interaction with protein phosphatase PPM1A, leading to enhanced activation and upregulation of Smad1. Smad1 then interacts with p53 and inhibits Mdm2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation to regulate cell proliferation and survival. Enhanced Smad1 S239 phosphorylation, and Smad1 mutations causing S239 substitution were detected in oesophageal and gastric cancer samples, respectively. These findings suggest that BMP-Smad1 signalling participates in the DNA damage response via the Atm-p53 pathway, thus providing a molecular mechanism whereby BMP-Smad1 loss-of-function leads to tumorigenesis, for example, juvenile polyposis and Cowden syndromes.
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Wilson S, Levy D. A mathematical model of the enhancement of tumor vaccine efficacy by immunotherapy. Bull Math Biol 2012; 74:1485-500. [PMID: 22438084 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-012-9722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β is an immunoregulatory protein that contributes to inadequate antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. Recent experimental data suggests that TGF-β inhibition alone, provides few clinical benefits, yet it can significantly amplify the anti-tumor immune response when combined with a tumor vaccine. We develop a mathematical model in order to gain insight into the cooperative interaction between anti-TGF-β and vaccine treatments. The mathematical model follows the dynamics of the tumor size, TGF-β concentration, activated cytotoxic effector cells, and regulatory T cells. Using numerical simulations and stability analysis, we study the following scenarios: a control case of no treatment, anti-TGF-β treatment, vaccine treatment, and combined anti-TGF-β vaccine treatments. We show that our model is capable of capturing the observed experimental results, and hence can be potentially used in designing future experiments involving this approach to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Wilson
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Scientific Computation and Mathematical Modeling (CSCAMM), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Abstract
The behavior of most dynamical models not only depends on the wiring but also on the kind and strength of interactions which are reflected in the parameter values of the model. The predictive value of mathematical models therefore critically hinges on the quality of the parameter estimates. Constraining a dynamical model by an appropriate parameterization follows a 3-step process. In an initial step, it is important to evaluate the sensitivity of the parameters of the model with respect to the model output of interest. This analysis points at the identifiability of model parameters and can guide the design of experiments. In the second step, the actual fitting needs to be carried out. This step requires special care as, on the one hand, noisy as well as partial observations can corrupt the identification of system parameters. On the other hand, the solution of the dynamical system usually depends in a highly nonlinear fashion on its parameters and, as a consequence, parameter estimation procedures get easily trapped in local optima. Therefore any useful parameter estimation procedure has to be robust and efficient with respect to both challenges. In the final step, it is important to access the validity of the optimized model. A number of reviews have been published on the subject. A good, nontechnical overview is provided by Jaqaman and Danuser (Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7(11):813-819, 2006) and a classical introduction, focussing on the algorithmic side, is given in Press (Numerical recipes: The art of scientific computing, Cambridge University Press, 3rd edn., 2007, Chapters 10 and 15). We will focus on the practical issues related to parameter estimation and use a model of the TGFβ-signaling pathway as an educative example. Corresponding parameter estimation software and models based on MATLAB code can be downloaded from the authors's web page ( http://www.bsse.ethz.ch/cobi ).
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