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Bai Z, Zhang D, Gao Y, Tao B, Bao S, Enninful A, Zhang D, Su G, Tian X, Zhang N, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Gerstein M, Li M, Xing Y, Lu J, Xu ML, Fan R. Spatially Exploring RNA Biology in Archival Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579143. [PMID: 38370833 PMCID: PMC10871202 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful tool for dissecting spatial cellular heterogeneity but as of today is largely limited to gene expression analysis. Yet, the life of RNA molecules is multifaceted and dynamic, requiring spatial profiling of different RNA species throughout the life cycle to delve into the intricate RNA biology in complex tissues. Human disease-relevant tissues are commonly preserved as formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, representing an important resource for human tissue specimens. The capability to spatially explore RNA biology in FFPE tissues holds transformative potential for human biology research and clinical histopathology. Here, we present Patho-DBiT combining in situ polyadenylation and deterministic barcoding for spatial full coverage transcriptome sequencing, tailored for probing the diverse landscape of RNA species even in clinically archived FFPE samples. It permits spatial co-profiling of gene expression and RNA processing, unveiling region-specific splicing isoforms, and high-sensitivity transcriptomic mapping of clinical tumor FFPE tissues stored for five years. Furthermore, genome-wide single nucleotide RNA variants can be captured to distinguish different malignant clones from non-malignant cells in human lymphomas. Patho-DBiT also maps microRNA-mRNA regulatory networks and RNA splicing dynamics, decoding their roles in spatial tumorigenesis trajectory. High resolution Patho-DBiT at the cellular level reveals a spatial neighborhood and traces the spatiotemporal kinetics driving tumor progression. Patho-DBiT stands poised as a valuable platform to unravel rich RNA biology in FFPE tissues to study human tissue biology and aid in clinical pathology evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dingyao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shuozhen Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Archibald Enninful
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daiwei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Graham Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Section on Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mina L. Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Human and Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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2
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Lebrigand K, Bergenstråhle J, Thrane K, Mollbrink A, Meletis K, Barbry P, Waldmann R, Lundeberg J. The spatial landscape of gene expression isoforms in tissue sections. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:e47. [PMID: 36928528 PMCID: PMC10164556 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ capturing technologies add tissue context to gene expression data, with the potential of providing a greater understanding of complex biological systems. However, splicing variants and full-length sequence heterogeneity cannot be characterized at spatial resolution with current transcriptome profiling methods. To that end, we introduce spatial isoform transcriptomics (SiT), an explorative method for characterizing spatial isoform variation and sequence heterogeneity using long-read sequencing. We show in mouse brain how SiT can be used to profile isoform expression and sequence heterogeneity in different areas of the tissue. SiT reveals regional isoform switching of Plp1 gene between different layers of the olfactory bulb, and the use of external single-cell data allows the nomination of cell types expressing each isoform. Furthermore, SiT identifies differential isoform usage for several major genes implicated in brain function (Snap25, Bin1, Gnas) that are independently validated by in situ sequencing. SiT also provides for the first time an in-depth A-to-I RNA editing map of the adult mouse brain. Data exploration can be performed through an online resource (https://www.isomics.eu), where isoform expression and RNA editing can be visualized in a spatial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lebrigand
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F06560 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Joseph Bergenstråhle
- Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kim Thrane
- Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Annelie Mollbrink
- Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Pascal Barbry
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F06560 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Rainer Waldmann
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F06560 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
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3
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Romero DM, Zaidi D, Cifuentes-Diaz C, Maillard C, Grannec G, Selloum M, Birling MC, Bahi-Buisson N, Francis F. A human dynein heavy chain mutation impacts cortical progenitor cells causing developmental defects, reduced brain size and altered brain architecture. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106085. [PMID: 36933672 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynein heavy chain (DYNC1H1) mutations can either lead to severe cerebral cortical malformations, or alternatively may be associated with the development of spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMA-LED). To assess the origin of such differences, we studied a new Dync1h1 knock-in mouse carrying the cortical malformation p.Lys3334Asn mutation. Comparing with an existing neurodegenerative Dync1h1 mutant (Legs at odd angles, Loa, +/p.Phe580Tyr), we assessed Dync1h1's roles in cortical progenitor and especially radial glia functions during embryogenesis, and assessed neuronal differentiation. p.Lys3334Asn /+ mice exhibit reduced brain and body size. Embryonic brains show increased and disorganized radial glia: interkinetic nuclear migration occurs in mutants, however there are increased basally positioned cells and abventricular mitoses. The ventricular boundary is disorganized potentially contributing to progenitor mislocalization and death. Morphologies of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are perturbed in vitro, with different effects also in Loa mice. Perturbations of neuronal migration and layering are also observed in p.Lys3334Asn /+ mutants. Overall, we identify specific developmental effects due to a severe cortical malformation mutation in Dync1h1, highlighting the differences with a mutation known instead to primarily affect motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina M Romero
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Donia Zaidi
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Carmen Cifuentes-Diaz
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Camille Maillard
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, INSERM UMR-S 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Gael Grannec
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, INSERM UMR-S 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology APHP- Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France.; Centre de Référence, Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP- Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, F-75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne University, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, F-75005 Paris, France.
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4
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Hansen AH, Pauler FM, Riedl M, Streicher C, Heger A, Laukoter S, Sommer C, Nicolas A, Hof B, Tsai LH, Rülicke T, Hippenmeyer S. Tissue-Wide Effects Override Cell-Intrinsic Gene Function in Radial Neuron Migration. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac009. [PMID: 38596707 PMCID: PMC10939316 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian neocortex is composed of diverse neuronal and glial cell classes that broadly arrange in six distinct laminae. Cortical layers emerge during development and defects in the developmental programs that orchestrate cortical lamination are associated with neurodevelopmental diseases. The developmental principle of cortical layer formation depends on concerted radial projection neuron migration, from their birthplace to their final target position. Radial migration occurs in defined sequential steps, regulated by a large array of signaling pathways. However, based on genetic loss-of-function experiments, most studies have thus far focused on the role of cell-autonomous gene function. Yet, cortical neuron migration in situ is a complex process and migrating neurons traverse along diverse cellular compartments and environments. The role of tissue-wide properties and genetic state in radial neuron migration is however not clear. Here we utilized mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) technology to either sparsely or globally delete gene function, followed by quantitative single-cell phenotyping. The MADM-based gene ablation paradigms in combination with computational modeling demonstrated that global tissue-wide effects predominate cell-autonomous gene function albeit in a gene-specific manner. Our results thus suggest that the genetic landscape in a tissue critically affects the overall migration phenotype of individual cortical projection neurons. In a broader context, our findings imply that global tissue-wide effects represent an essential component of the underlying etiology associated with focal malformations of cortical development in particular, and neurological diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi H Hansen
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Florian M Pauler
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Riedl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Carmen Streicher
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Anna Heger
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Laukoter
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Armel Nicolas
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Björn Hof
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Li Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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5
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Zhovmer AS, Manning A, Smith C, Hayes JB, Burnette DT, Wang J, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Dokholyan NV, Singh RK, Tabdanov ED. Mechanical Counterbalance of Kinesin and Dynein Motors in a Microtubular Network Regulates Cell Mechanics, 3D Architecture, and Mechanosensing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17528-17548. [PMID: 34677937 PMCID: PMC9291236 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) and MT motor proteins form active 3D networks made of unstretchable cables with rod-like bending mechanics that provide cells with a dynamically changing structural scaffold. In this study, we report an antagonistic mechanical balance within the dynein-kinesin microtubular motor system. Dynein activity drives the microtubular network inward compaction, while isolated activity of kinesins bundles and expands MTs into giant circular bands that deform the cell cortex into discoids. Furthermore, we show that dyneins recruit MTs to sites of cell adhesion, increasing the topographic contact guidance of cells, while kinesins antagonize it via retraction of MTs from sites of cell adhesion. Actin-to-microtubule translocation of septin-9 enhances kinesin-MT interactions, outbalances the activity of kinesins over that of dyneins, and induces the discoid architecture of cells. These orthogonal mechanisms of MT network reorganization highlight the existence of an intricate mechanical balance between motor activities of kinesins and dyneins that controls cell 3D architecture, mechanics, and cell-microenvironment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Zhovmer
- Center
for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, United States
| | - Alexis Manning
- Center
for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, United States
| | - Chynna Smith
- Section
on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - James B. Hayes
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, University of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Dylan T. Burnette
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, University of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
| | - Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera
- Section
on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States
| | - Erdem D. Tabdanov
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
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6
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Cheng Y, Sun M, Wang F, Geng X, Wang F. Identification of Hub Genes Related to Alzheimer's Disease and Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2021; 36:15333175211046123. [PMID: 34732058 PMCID: PMC10695082 DOI: 10.1177/15333175211046123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough many studies reported a close relationship between depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of AD and major depressive disorder (MDD). Method: The datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. After screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed and protein-protein interaction, TF-target gene, and miRNA-target gene networks were established. Results: 171 DEGs of AD-related datasets and 79 DEGs shared by AD and MDD were detected. Functional analysis revealed that AD and MDD common genes were significantly enriched in circadian entrainment and long-term depression signaling pathways. Five hub genes were identified after construction of networks and validation of hub gene signatures. In conclusion, DYNC1H1, MAPRE3, TTBK2, ITGB1, and WASL may be potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Cheng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiyue Sun
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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7
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Islam MA, Choi HJ, Dash R, Sharif SR, Oktaviani DF, Seog DH, Moon IS. N-Acetyl- D-Glucosamine Kinase Interacts with NudC and Lis1 in Dynein Motor Complex and Promotes Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010129. [PMID: 33374456 PMCID: PMC7795690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we showed that N-acetylglucosamine kinase (NAGK), an enzyme of amino sugar metabolism, interacts with dynein light chain roadblock type 1 (DYNLRB1) and promotes the functions of dynein motor. Here, we report that NAGK interacts with nuclear distribution protein C (NudC) and lissencephaly 1 (Lis1) in the dynein complex. Yeast two-hybrid assays, pull-down assays, immunocytochemistry, and proximity ligation assays revealed NAGK-NudC-Lis1-dynein complexes around nuclei, at the leading poles of migrating HEK293T cells, and at the tips of migratory processes of cultured rat neuroblast cells. The exogenous expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-tagged NAGK accelerated HEK293T cell migration during in vitro wound-healing assays and of neurons during in vitro neurosphere migration and in utero electroporation assays, whereas NAGK knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delayed migration. Finally, a small NAGK peptide derived from the NudC interacting domain in in silico molecular docking analysis retarded the migrations of HEK293T and SH-SY5Y cells. These data indicate a functional interaction between NAGK and dynein-NudC-Lis1 complex at the nuclear envelope is required for the regulation of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.I.); (H.J.C.); (R.D.); (S.R.S.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Ho Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.I.); (H.J.C.); (R.D.); (S.R.S.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.I.); (H.J.C.); (R.D.); (S.R.S.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Syeda Ridita Sharif
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.I.); (H.J.C.); (R.D.); (S.R.S.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.I.); (H.J.C.); (R.D.); (S.R.S.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Dae-Hyun Seog
- Department of Biochemistry, Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea;
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.I.); (H.J.C.); (R.D.); (S.R.S.); (D.F.O.)
- Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-770-2414; Fax: +82-54-770-2447
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8
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Khataee H, Mahamdeh M, Neufeld Z. Processivity of molecular motors under vectorial loads. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:022406. [PMID: 32942474 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.022406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Molecular motors are cellular machines that drive the spatial organization of the cells by transporting cargos along intracellular filaments. Although the mechanical properties of single molecular motors are relatively well characterized, it remains elusive how the geometry of a load imposed on a motor affects its processivity, i.e., the average distance that a motor moves per interaction with a filament. Here, we theoretically explore this question for a single-kinesin molecular motor by analyzing the load dependence of the stepping and detachment processes. We find that the processivity of the kinesin increases with lowering the load angle between the kinesin and the microtubule filament, due to the deceleration of the detachment rate. When the load angle is large, the processivity is predicted to enhance with accelerating the stepping rate through an optimal distribution of the load over the kinetic transition rates underlying a mechanical step of the motor. These results provide new insights into understanding of the design of potential synthetic biomolecular machines that can travel long distances with high velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Khataee
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mohammed Mahamdeh
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Zoltan Neufeld
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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9
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Conventional and Non-Conventional Roles of Non-Muscle Myosin II-Actin in Neuronal Development and Degeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091926. [PMID: 32825197 PMCID: PMC7566000 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are motor proteins that use chemical energy to produce mechanical forces driving actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In the brain, the conventional non-muscle myosin II (NMII) regulates actin filament cytoskeletal assembly and contractile forces during structural remodeling of axons and dendrites, contributing to morphology, polarization, and migration of neurons during brain development. NMII isoforms also participate in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity by driving actin cytoskeletal dynamics during synaptic vesicle release and retrieval, and formation, maturation, and remodeling of dendritic spines. NMIIs are expressed differentially in cerebral non-neuronal cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, wherein they play key functions in inflammation, myelination, and repair. Besides major efforts to understand the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of NMIIs in the nervous system, their contributions to brain pathologies are still largely unclear. Nonetheless, genetic mutations or deregulation of NMII and its regulatory effectors are linked to autism, schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and neurodegeneration, indicating non-conventional roles of NMIIs in cellular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we summarize the emerging biological roles of NMIIs in the brain, and discuss how actomyosin signaling contributes to dysfunction of neurons and glial cells in the context of neurological disorders. This knowledge is relevant for a deep understanding of NMIIs on the pathogenesis and therapeutics of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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10
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High throughput error corrected Nanopore single cell transcriptome sequencing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4025. [PMID: 32788667 PMCID: PMC7423900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Droplet-based high throughput single cell sequencing techniques tremendously advanced our insight into cell-to-cell heterogeneity. However, those approaches only allow analysis of one extremity of the transcript after short read sequencing. In consequence, information on splicing and sequence heterogeneity is lost. To overcome this limitation, several approaches that use long-read sequencing were introduced recently. Yet, those techniques are limited by low sequencing depth and/or lacking or inaccurate assignment of unique molecular identifiers (UMIs), which are critical for elimination of PCR bias and artifacts. We introduce ScNaUmi-seq, an approach that combines the high throughput of Oxford Nanopore sequencing with an accurate cell barcode and UMI assignment strategy. UMI guided error correction allows to generate high accuracy full length sequence information with the 10x Genomics single cell isolation system at high sequencing depths. We analyzed transcript isoform diversity in embryonic mouse brain and show that ScNaUmi-seq allows defining splicing and SNVs (RNA editing) at a single cell level. Droplet-based high throughput single cell sequencing techniques can often lose information on transcript splicing and heterogenity. Here the authors introduce ScNaUmi-seq, which uses Oxford Nanopore sequencing and barcoding to generate high accuracy full length sequences.
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11
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Markus SM, Marzo MG, McKenney RJ. New insights into the mechanism of dynein motor regulation by lissencephaly-1. eLife 2020; 9:59737. [PMID: 32692650 PMCID: PMC7373426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lissencephaly (‘smooth brain’) is a severe brain disease associated with numerous symptoms, including cognitive impairment, and shortened lifespan. The main causative gene of this disease – lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) – has been a focus of intense scrutiny since its first identification almost 30 years ago. LIS1 is a critical regulator of the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein, which transports numerous cargoes throughout the cell, and is a key effector of nuclear and neuronal transport during brain development. Here, we review the role of LIS1 in cellular dynein function and discuss recent key findings that have revealed a new mechanism by which this molecule influences dynein-mediated transport. In addition to reconciling prior observations with this new model for LIS1 function, we also discuss phylogenetic data that suggest that LIS1 may have coevolved with an autoinhibitory mode of cytoplasmic dynein regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Matthew G Marzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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12
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Tsai MH, Cheng HY, Nian FS, Liu C, Chao NH, Chiang KL, Chen SF, Tsai JW. Impairment in dynein-mediated nuclear translocation by BICD2 C-terminal truncation leads to neuronal migration defect and human brain malformation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:106. [PMID: 32665036 PMCID: PMC7362644 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During brain development, the nucleus of migrating neurons follows the centrosome and translocates into the leading process. Defects in these migratory events, which affect neuronal migration, cause lissencephaly and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the mechanism of nuclear translocation remains elusive. Using whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified a novel nonsense BICD2 variant p.(Lys775Ter) (K775X) from a lissencephaly patient. Interestingly, most BICD2 missense variants have been associated with human spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) without obvious brain malformations. By in utero electroporation, we showed that BicD2 knockdown in mouse embryos inhibited neuronal migration. Surprisingly, we observed severe blockage of neuronal migration in cells overexpressing K775X but not in those expressing wild-type BicD2 or SMA-associated missense variants. The centrosome of the mutant was, on average, positioned farther away from the nucleus, indicating a failure in nuclear translocation without affecting the centrosome movement. Furthermore, BicD2 localized at the nuclear envelope (NE) through its interaction with NE protein Nesprin-2. K775X variant disrupted this interaction and further interrupted the NE recruitment of BicD2 and dynein. Remarkably, fusion of BicD2-K775X with NE-localizing domain KASH resumed neuronal migration. Our results underscore impaired nuclear translocation during neuronal migration as an important pathomechanism of lissencephaly.
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13
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Brenner S, Berger F, Rao L, Nicholas MP, Gennerich A. Force production of human cytoplasmic dynein is limited by its processivity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4295. [PMID: 32285003 PMCID: PMC7141836 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a highly complex motor protein that generates forces toward the minus end of microtubules. Using optical tweezers, we demonstrate that the low processivity (ability to take multiple steps before dissociating) of human dynein limits its force generation due to premature microtubule dissociation. Using a high trap stiffness whereby the motor achieves greater force per step, we reveal that the motor's true maximal force ("stall force") is ~2 pN. Furthermore, an average force versus trap stiffness plot yields a hyperbolic curve that plateaus at the stall force. We derive an analytical equation that accurately describes this curve, predicting both stall force and zero-load processivity. This theoretical model describes the behavior of a kinesin motor under low-processivity conditions. Our work clarifies the true stall force and processivity of human dynein and provides a new paradigm for understanding and analyzing molecular motor force generation for weakly processive motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Brenner
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Florian Berger
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Matthew P. Nicholas
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Meka DP, Scharrenberg R, Calderon de Anda F. Emerging roles of the centrosome in neuronal development. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:84-96. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durga Praveen Meka
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Robin Scharrenberg
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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15
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Torisawa T, Kimura A. The Generation of Dynein Networks by Multi-Layered Regulation and Their Implication in Cell Division. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:22. [PMID: 32083077 PMCID: PMC7004958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (hereafter referred to as dynein) is a major microtubule-based motor critical for cell division. Dynein is essential for the formation and positioning of the mitotic spindle as well as the transport of various cargos in the cell. A striking feature of dynein is that, despite having a wide variety of functions, the catalytic subunit is coded in a single gene. To perform various cellular activities, there seem to be different types of dynein that share a common catalytic subunit. In this review, we will refer to the different kinds of dynein as “dyneins.” This review attempts to classify the mechanisms underlying the emergence of multiple dyneins into four layers. Inside a cell, multiple dyneins generated through the multi-layered regulations interact with each other to form a network of dyneins. These dynein networks may be responsible for the accurate regulation of cellular activities, including cell division. How these networks function inside a cell, with a focus on the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, is discussed, as well as future directions for the integration of our understanding of molecular layering to understand the totality of dynein’s function in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Torisawa
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kimura
- Cell Architecture Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
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16
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Chang HY, Cheng HY, Tsao AN, Liu C, Tsai JW. Multiple Functions of KBP in Neural Development Underlie Brain Anomalies in Goldberg-Shprintzen Syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:265. [PMID: 31736709 PMCID: PMC6838004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-binding protein (KBP; KIF1BP; KIAA1279) functions as a regulator for a subset of kinesins, many of which play important roles in neural development. Previous studies have shown that KBP is expressed in nearly all tissue with cytoplasmic localization. Autosomal recessive mutations in KIAA1279 cause a rare neurological disorder, Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS), characterized by microcephaly, polymicrogyria, intellectual disability, axonal neuropathy, thin corpus callosum and peripheral neuropathy. Most KIAA1279 mutations found in GOSHS patients are homozygous nonsense mutations that result in KBP loss-of-function. However, it is not fully understood how KBP dysfunction causes these defects. Here, we used in utero electroporation (IUE) to express KBP short hairpin RNA (shRNA) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in neural progenitor cells of embryonic day (E) 14 mice, and collected brain slices at different developmental stages. By immunostaining of neuronal lineage markers, we found that KBP knockdown does not affect the neural differentiation process. However, at 4 days post IUE, many cells were located in the intermediate zone (IZ). Moreover, at postnatal day (P) 6, about one third of the cells, which have become mature neurons, remained ectopically in the white matter (WM), while cells that have reached Layer II/III of the cortex showed impaired dendritic outgrowth and axonal projection. We also found that KBP knockdown induces apoptosis during the postnatal period. Our findings indicate that loss of KBP function leads to defects in neuronal migration, morphogenesis, maturation, and survival, which may be responsible for brain phenotypes observed in GOSHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ni Tsao
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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17
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Liu L, Lu J, Li X, Wu A, Wu Q, Zhao M, Tang N, Song H. The LIS1/NDE1 Complex Is Essential for FGF Signaling by Regulating FGF Receptor Intracellular Trafficking. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3277-3291. [PMID: 29562183 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular transport of membranous organelles and protein complexes to various destinations is fundamental to signaling transduction and cellular function. The cytoplasmic dynein motor and its regulatory proteins LIS1 and NDE1 are required for transporting a variety of cellular cargos along the microtubule network. In this study, we show that deletion of Lis1 in developing lung endoderm and limb mesenchymal cells causes agenesis of the lungs and limbs. In both mutants, there is increased cell death and decreased fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling activity. Mechanistically, LIS1 and its interacting protein NDE1/NDEL1 are associated with FGF receptor-containing vesicles and regulate FGF receptor intracellular trafficking and degradation. Notably, FGF signaling promotes NDE1 tyrosine phosphorylation, which leads to dissociation of LIS1/NDE1 complex. Thus, our studies identify the LIS1/NDE1 complex as an important FGF signaling regulator and provide insights into the bidirectional regulation of cell signaling and transport machinery for endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinqiu Lu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ailing Wu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingzhe Wu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hai Song
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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18
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Ying Y, Zhang YL, Ma CJ, Li MQ, Tang CY, Yang YF, Zeng JH, Huang XY, Yi J, Wang XM, He ZD, Shu XS. Neuroprotective Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 against Hyperphosphorylated Tau-Induced Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration via Activation of IRS-1/Akt/GSK3β Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8348-8360. [PMID: 31304751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that tau hyperphosphorylation causes diabetic synaptic neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which might be the earliest affair during the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Thus, there is a pressing need to seek therapeutic agents possessing neuroprotective effects against tau hyperphosphorylation in RGCs for arresting the progression of DR. Here, using a well-characterized diabetes model of db/db mouse, we discovered that topical ocular application of 10 mg/kg/day of ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), one of the major active ingredients extracted from Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng, ameliorated hyperphosphorylated tau-triggered RGCs synaptic neurodegeneration in diabetic mice. The neuroprotective effects of GRg1 on diabetic retinae were abrogated when retinal IRS-1 or Akt was suppressed by intravitreal injection with si-IRS-1 or topically coadministered with a specific inhibitor of Akt, respectively. However, selective repression of retinal GSK3β by intravitreal administration of si-GSK3β rescued the neuroprotective properties of GRg1 when Akt was inactivated. Therefore, the present study showed for the first time that GRg1 can prevent hyperphosphorylated tau-induced synaptic neurodegeneration of RGCs via activation of IRS-1/Akt/GSK3β signaling in the early phase of DR. Moreover, our data clarify the potential therapeutic significance of GRg1 for neuroprotective intervention strategies of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Can-Jie Ma
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Mei-Qi Li
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Chao-Yue Tang
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Yang-Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510064 , China
| | - Jun-Hui Zeng
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Junbo Yi
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University , Xili Campus, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Xing-Sheng Shu
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
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19
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John JP, Thirunavukkarasu P, Ishizuka K, Parekh P, Sawa A. An in-silico approach for discovery of microRNA-TF regulation of DISC1 interactome mediating neuronal migration. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:17. [PMID: 31098296 PMCID: PMC6504871 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration constitutes an important step in corticogenesis; dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms mediating this crucial step in neurodevelopment may result in various neuropsychiatric disorders. By curating experimental data from published literature, we identified eight functional modules involving Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and its interacting proteins that regulate neuronal migration. We then identified miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that form functional feedback loops and regulate gene expression of the DISC1 interactome. Using this curated data, we conducted in-silico modeling of the DISC1 interactome involved in neuronal migration and identified the proteins that either facilitate or inhibit neuronal migrational processes. We also studied the effect of perturbation of miRNAs and TFs in feedback loops on the DISC1 interactome. From these analyses, we discovered that STAT3, TCF3, and TAL1 (through feedback loop with miRNAs) play a critical role in the transcriptional control of DISC1 interactome thereby regulating neuronal migration. To the best of our knowledge, regulation of the DISC1 interactome mediating neuronal migration by these TFs has not been previously reported. These potentially important TFs can serve as targets for undertaking validation studies, which in turn can reveal the molecular processes that cause neuronal migration defects underlying neurodevelopmental disorders. This underscores the importance of the use of in-silico techniques in aiding the discovery of mechanistic evidence governing important molecular and cellular processes. The present work is one such step towards the discovery of regulatory factors of the DISC1 interactome that mediates neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. John
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Priyadarshini Thirunavukkarasu
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory (MBIAL), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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20
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Chen YA, Lu IL, Tsai JW. Contactin-1/F3 Regulates Neuronal Migration and Morphogenesis Through Modulating RhoA Activity. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:422. [PMID: 30515076 PMCID: PMC6255823 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During neocortical development, newborn neurons migrate along radial fibers from the germinal ventricular zone (VZ) toward the cortical plate (CP) to populate the cerebral cortex. This radial migration requires adhesion activities between neurons and radial fibers; however, past research has identified only a limited number of adhesion molecules involved in this process. Contactin-1/F3 (Cntn1), a cell adhesion molecule expressed in the developing nervous system is essential for many key developmental events including neural cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, axon guidance and myelination. However, the potential role of Cntn1 in neuronal migration during cortical development has not been investigated. Here we used in utero electroporation to introduce short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down (KD) Cntn1 in neural stem cells in vivo. We found that Cntn1 KD led to a delay in neuronal migration. The arrested cells presented abnormal morphology in their leading process and more multipolar cells were observed in the deep layers of the brain, suggestive of dysregulation in process formation. Intriguingly, Cntn1 KD also resulted in upregulation of RhoA, a negative regulator for neuronal migration. Interference of RhoA by expression of the dominant-negative RhoAN19 partially rescued the neuronal migration defects caused by Cntn1 KD. Our results showed that Cntn1 is a novel adhesion protein that is essential for neuronal migration and regulates process formation of newborn cortical neurons through modulating RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Involvement of advillin in somatosensory neuron subtype-specific axon regeneration and neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8557-E8566. [PMID: 30126982 PMCID: PMC6130359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716470115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 20 million people in the United States have chronic neuropathic pain, but current analgesics are nonspecific or insufficiently effective. Here we show that advillin, a sensory neuron-specific protein, modulates axonal regeneration of a specific subset of pain-sensing afferent neurons (nociceptors) that binds with isolectin B4 and neuropathic pain. In addition, we identify the cell behavior of advillin shed-off from the growth cone in the context of axonal regeneration and thus detected advillin protein in the cerebrospinal fluid in mice with painful peripheral neuropathy. Advillin is a potential biosignature to diagnose the lesion cause of neuropathic pain associated with isolectin B4+ nociceptors. Advillin is a sensory neuron-specific actin-binding protein expressed at high levels in all types of somatosensory neurons in early development. However, the precise role of advillin in adulthood is largely unknown. Here we reveal advillin expression restricted to isolectin B4-positive (IB4+) neurons in the adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Advillin knockout (KO) specifically impaired axonal regeneration in adult IB4+ DRG neurons. During axon regeneration, advillin was expressed at the very tips of filopodia and modulated growth cone formation by interacting with and regulating focal-adhesion–related proteins. The advillin-containing focal-adhesion protein complex was shed from neurite tips during neurite retraction and was detectable in cerebrospinal fluid in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, and chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. In addition, advillin KO disturbed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced neural plasticity in the spinal-cord dorsal horn and aggravated neuropathic pain. Our study highlights a role for advillin in growth cone formation, axon regeneration, and neuropathic pain associated with IB4+ DRG neurons in adulthood.
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22
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Wu YK, Umeshima H, Kurisu J, Kengaku M. Nesprins and opposing microtubule motors generate a point force that drives directional nuclear motion in migrating neurons. Development 2018. [PMID: 29519888 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear migration of newly born neurons is essential for cortex formation in the brain. The nucleus is translocated by actin and microtubules, yet the actual force generated by the interplay of these cytoskeletons remains elusive. High-resolution time-lapse observation of migrating murine cerebellar granule cells revealed that the nucleus actively rotates along the direction of its translocation, independently of centrosome motion. Pharmacological and molecular perturbation indicated that spin torque is primarily generated by microtubule motors through the LINC complex in the absence of actomyosin contractility. In contrast to the prevailing view that microtubules are uniformly oriented around the nucleus, we observed that the perinuclear microtubule arrays are of mixed polarity and both cytoplasmic dynein complex and kinesin-1 are required for nuclear rotation. Kinesin-1 can exert a point force on the nuclear envelope via association with nesprins, and loss of kinesin-1 causes failure in neuronal migration in vivo Thus, microtubules steer the nucleus and drive its rotation and translocation via a dynamic, focal interaction of nesprins with kinesin-1 and dynein, and this is necessary for neuronal migration during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Kure Wu
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Umeshima
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Kurisu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mineko Kengaku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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23
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Bertipaglia C, Gonçalves JC, Vallee RB. Nuclear migration in mammalian brain development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 82:57-66. [PMID: 29208348 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During development of the mammalian brain, neural stem cells divide and give rise to adult stem cells, glia and neurons, which migrate to their final locations. Nuclear migration is an important feature of neural stem cell (radial glia progenitor) proliferation and subsequent postmitotic neuronal migration. Defects in nuclear migration contribute to severe neurodevelopmental disorders such as microcephaly and lissencephaly. In this review, we address the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for nuclear migration during the radial glia cell cycle and postmitotic neuronal migration, with a particular focus on the role of molecular motors and cytoskeleton dynamics in regulating nuclear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bertipaglia
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - João Carlos Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Richard Bert Vallee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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24
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Goffinet AM. The evolution of cortical development: the synapsid-diapsid divergence. Development 2017; 144:4061-4077. [PMID: 29138289 DOI: 10.1242/dev.153908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex covers the rostral part of the brain and, in higher mammals and particularly humans, plays a key role in cognition and consciousness. It is populated with neuronal cell bodies distributed in radially organized layers. Understanding the common and lineage-specific molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cortical development and evolution are key issues in neurobiology. During evolution, the cortex appeared in stem amniotes and evolved divergently in two main branches of the phylogenetic tree: the synapsids (which led to present day mammals) and the diapsids (reptiles and birds). Comparative studies in organisms that belong to those two branches have identified some common principles of cortical development and organization that are possibly inherited from stem amniotes and regulated by similar molecular mechanisms. These comparisons have also highlighted certain essential features of mammalian cortices that are absent or different in diapsids and that probably evolved after the synapsid-diapsid divergence. Chief among these is the size and multi-laminar organization of the mammalian cortex, and the propensity to increase its area by folding. Here, I review recent data on cortical neurogenesis, neuronal migration and cortical layer formation and folding in this evolutionary perspective, and highlight important unanswered questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre M Goffinet
- University of Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.16, B1200 Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Ong T, Solecki DJ. Seven in Absentia E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Central Regulators of Neural Cell Fate and Neuronal Polarity. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:322. [PMID: 29081737 PMCID: PMC5646344 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During neural development, neural precursors transition from a proliferative state within their germinal niches to a migratory state as they relocate to their final laminar positions. Transitions across these states are coupled with dynamic alterations in cellular polarity. This key feature can be seen throughout the developing vertebrate brain, in which neural stem cells give rise to multipolar or unpolarized transit-amplifying progenitors. These transit-amplifying progenitors then expand to give rise to mature neuronal lineages that become polarized as they initiate radial migration to their final laminar positions. The conventional understanding of the cellular polarity regulatory program has revolved around signaling cascades and transcriptional networks. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries concerning the role of the Siah2 ubiquitin ligase in initiating neuronal polarity during cerebellar development. Given the unique features of Siah ubiquitin ligases, we highlight some of the key substrates that play important roles in cellular polarity and propose a function for the Siah ubiquitin proteasome pathway in mediating a post-translational regulatory network to control the onset of polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren Ong
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Track, Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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26
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Fukuda T, Yanagi S. Psychiatric behaviors associated with cytoskeletal defects in radial neuronal migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3533-3552. [PMID: 28516224 PMCID: PMC11107632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Normal development of the cerebral cortex is an important process for higher brain functions, such as language, and cognitive and social functions. Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, are thought to develop owing to various dysfunctions occurring during the development of the cerebral cortex. Radial neuronal migration in the embryonic cerebral cortex is a complex process, which is achieved by strict control of cytoskeletal dynamics, and impairments in this process are suggested to cause various psychiatric disorders. Our recent findings indicate that radial neuronal migration as well as psychiatric behaviors is rescued by controlling microtubule stability during the embryonic stage. In this review, we outline the relationship between psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, and radial neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex by focusing on the cytoskeleton and centrosomes. New treatment strategies for psychiatric disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Fukuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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27
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Gutierrez PA, Ackermann BE, Vershinin M, McKenney RJ. Differential effects of the dynein-regulatory factor Lissencephaly-1 on processive dynein-dynactin motility. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12245-12255. [PMID: 28576829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is the primary minus-end-directed microtubule motor protein in animal cells, performing a wide range of motile activities, including transport of vesicular cargos, mRNAs, viruses, and proteins. Lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) is a highly conserved dynein-regulatory factor that binds directly to the dynein motor domain, uncoupling the enzymatic and mechanical cycles of the motor and stalling dynein on the microtubule track. Dynactin, another ubiquitous dynein-regulatory factor, releases dynein from an autoinhibited state, leading to a dramatic increase in fast, processive dynein motility. How these opposing activities are integrated to control dynein motility is unknown. Here, we used fluorescence single-molecule microscopy to study the interaction of LIS1 with the processive dynein-dynactin-BicD2N (DDB) complex. Surprisingly, in contrast to the prevailing model for LIS1 function established in the context of dynein alone, we found that binding of LIS1 to DDB does not strongly disrupt processive motility. Motile DDB complexes bound up to two LIS1 dimers, and mutational analysis suggested that LIS1 binds directly to the dynein motor domains during DDB movement. Interestingly, LIS1 enhanced DDB velocity in a concentration-dependent manner, in contrast to observations of the effect of LIS1 on the motility of isolated dynein. Thus, LIS1 exerts concentration-dependent effects on dynein motility and can synergize with dynactin to enhance processive dynein movement. Our results suggest that the effect of LIS1 on dynein motility depends on both LIS1 concentration and the presence of other regulatory factors such as dynactin and may provide new insights into the mechanism of LIS1 haploinsufficiency in the neurodevelopmental disorder lissencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bryce E Ackermann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Michael Vershinin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112; Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616.
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28
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Evans MD, Tufo C, Dumitrescu AS, Grubb MS. Myosin II activity is required for structural plasticity at the axon initial segment. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1751-1757. [PMID: 28452088 PMCID: PMC5573965 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, axons possess a molecularly defined and highly organised proximal region – the axon initial segment (AIS) – that is a key regulator of both electrical excitability and cellular polarity. Despite existing as a large, dense structure with specialised cytoskeletal architecture, the AIS is surprisingly plastic, with sustained alterations in neuronal activity bringing about significant alterations to its position, length or molecular composition. However, although the upstream activity‐dependent signalling pathways that lead to such plasticity have begun to be elucidated, the downstream mechanisms that produce structural changes at the AIS are completely unknown. Here, we use dissociated cultures of rat hippocampus to show that two forms of AIS plasticity in dentate granule cells – long‐term relocation, and more rapid shortening – are completely blocked by treatment with blebbistatin, a potent and selective myosin II ATPase inhibitor. These data establish a link between myosin II and AIS function, and suggest that myosin II's primary role at the structure may be to effect activity‐dependent morphological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Evans
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Candida Tufo
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Adna S Dumitrescu
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthew S Grubb
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.,FENS-Kavli Network of Excellence, Europe-wide
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29
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Iizuka Y, Mooneyham A, Sieben A, Chen K, Maile M, Hellweg R, Schütz F, Teckle K, Starr T, Thayanithy V, Vogel RI, Lou E, Lee MK, Bazzaro M. UNC-45A is required for neurite extension via controlling NMII activation. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1337-1346. [PMID: 28356421 PMCID: PMC5426848 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UNC-45A is a novel regulator of neuronal differentiation. UNC-45A localizes at the growth cone, binds to NMIIA and NMIIB, and is disposable for neuronal survival but is required for neurite initiation and extension via regulating NMII activation. Thus UNC-45A is a potential master regulator of a number of NMII-mediated cellular processes. UNC-45A is a highly conserved member of the UNC-45/CRO1/She4p family of proteins, which act as chaperones for conventional and nonconventional myosins. NMII mediates contractility and actin-based motility, which are fundamental for proper growth cone motility and neurite extension. The presence and role of UNC-45A in neuronal differentiation have been largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that UNC-45A is a novel growth cone–localized, NMII-associated component of the multiprotein complex regulating growth cone dynamics. We show that UNC-45A is dispensable for neuron survival but required for neurite elongation. Mechanistically, loss of UNC-45A results in increased levels of NMII activation. Collectively our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of neurite growth and define UNC-45A as a novel and master regulator of NMII-mediated cellular processes in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Iizuka
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ashley Mooneyham
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Andrew Sieben
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250
| | - Makayla Maile
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Raffaele Hellweg
- Breast Unit, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Schütz
- Breast Unit, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kebebush Teckle
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Timothy Starr
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Venugopal Thayanithy
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Rachel Isaksson Vogel
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Michael K Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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30
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Drebrin-mediated microtubule-actomyosin coupling steers cerebellar granule neuron nucleokinesis and migration pathway selection. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14484. [PMID: 28230156 PMCID: PMC5331215 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration from a germinal zone to a final laminar position is essential for the morphogenesis of neuronal circuits. While it is hypothesized that microtubule–actomyosin crosstalk is required for a neuron's ‘two-stroke' nucleokinesis cycle, the molecular mechanisms controlling such crosstalk are not defined. By using the drebrin microtubule–actin crosslinking protein as an entry point into the cerebellar granule neuron system in combination with super-resolution microscopy, we investigate how these cytoskeletal systems interface during migration. Lattice light-sheet and structured illumination microscopy reveal a proximal leading process nanoscale architecture wherein f-actin and drebrin intervene between microtubules and the plasma membrane. Functional perturbations of drebrin demonstrate that proximal leading process microtubule–actomyosin coupling steers the direction of centrosome and somal migration, as well as the switch from tangential to radial migration. Finally, the Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligase antagonizes drebrin function, suggesting a model for control of the microtubule–actomyosin interfaces during neuronal differentiation. Neuronal migration is vital for neuronal circuit morphogenesis and is thought to rely on microtubule-actomyosin crosstalk. Here, the authors use super-resolution imaging and the drebrin microtubule-actin crosslinking protein to show that microtubule-actomyosin coupling controls the direction of centrosome and somal motility.
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31
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Kanzaki H, Movila A, Kayal R, Napimoga MH, Egashira K, Dewhirst F, Sasaki H, Howait M, Al-Dharrab A, Mira A, Han X, Taubman MA, Nichols FC, Kawai T. Phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide, a distinctive ceramide produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, promotes RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by acting on non-muscle myosin II-A (Myh9), an osteoclast cell fusion regulatory factor. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:452-462. [PMID: 28153611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among several virulence factors produced by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a recently identified novel class of dihydroceramide lipids that contains a long acyl-chain has the potential to play a pathogenic role in periodontitis because of its higher level of tissue penetration compared to other lipid classes produced by Pg. However, the possible impact of Pg ceramides on osteoclastogenesis is largely unknown. In the present study, we report that the phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide (PGDHC) isolated from Pg enhanced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Using RAW264.7 cells, in vitro assays indicated that PGDHC can promote RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by generating remarkably larger TRAP+ multinuclear osteoclasts compared to Pg LPS in a TLR2/4-independent manner. According to fluorescent confocal microscopy, co-localization of non-muscle myosin II-A (Myh9) and PGDHC was observed in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts, indicating the membrane-permeability of PGDHC. Loss- and gain-of-function assays using RNAi-based Myh9 gene silencing, as well as overexpression of the Myh9 gene, in RAW264.7 cells showed that interaction of PGDHC with Myh9 enhances RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. It was also demonstrated that PGDHC can upregulate the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), an important osteoclast fusogen, through signaling that involves Rac1, suggesting that interaction of PGDHC with Myh9 can elicit the cell signal that promotes osteoclast cell fusion. Taken together, our data indicated that PGDHC is a Pg-derived, cell-permeable ceramide that possesses a unique property of promoting osteoclastogenesis via interaction with Myh9 which, in turn, activates a Rac1/DC-STAMP pathway for upregulation of osteoclast cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Alexandru Movila
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Rayyan Kayal
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marcelo H Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kenji Egashira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; LION Corporation, Research and Development Headquarters, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Floyd Dewhirst
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Microbiology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mohammed Howait
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman Al-Dharrab
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulghani Mira
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Martin A Taubman
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Frank C Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; NOVA Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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32
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Tan Y, Jiang N, Cao G, Ma X, Wang J, Cao Z, Yu B, Kou J. Ginsenoside Rg1 Protects against Oxidative Stress-induced Neuronal Apoptosis through Myosin IIA-actin Related Cytoskeletal Reorganization. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1341-1356. [PMID: 27877086 PMCID: PMC5118780 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The application of neuroprotectants rescuing the neurons from cytoskeletal damage and apoptosis can be a potential treatment for these CNS diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), one of the major active components of ginseng, has been reported possessing notable neuroprotective activities. However, there is rare report about its effect on cytoskeleton and its undergoing mechanism. The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Rg1 (0.1-10 μM) attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level. The Rg1 treatment also abolished H2O2-induced morphological changes, including cell rounding, membrane blebbing, neurite retraction and nuclei condensation, which were generated by myosin IIA-actin interaction. These effects were mediated via the down-regulation of caspase-3, ROCK1 (Rho-associated kinase1) activation and myosin light chain (MLC, Ser-19) phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibiting myosin II activity with blebbistatin partly blocked the neuroprotective effects of Rg1. The computer-aided homology modelling revealed that Rg1 preferentially positioned in the actin binding cleft of myosin IIA and might block the binding of myosin IIA to actin filaments. Accordingly, the neuroprotective mechanism of Rg1 is related to the activity that inhibits myosin IIA-actin interaction and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway. These findings put some insights into the unique neuroprotective properties of Rg1 associated with the regulation of myosin IIA-actin cytoskeletal structure under oxidative stress and provide experimental evidence for Rg1 in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.; School of Dentistry, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Yingqiong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yisha Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guosheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
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33
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FoxO6 affects Plxna4-mediated neuronal migration during mouse cortical development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7087-E7096. [PMID: 27791111 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead transcription factor FoxO6 is prominently expressed during development of the murine neocortex. However, its function in cortical development is as yet unknown. We now demonstrate that cortical development is altered in FoxO6+/- and FoxO6-/- mice, showing migrating neurons halted in the intermediate zone. Using a FoxO6-directed siRNA approach, we substantiate the requirement of FoxO6 for a correct radial migration in the developing neocortex. Subsequent genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals altered expression of genes involved in cell adhesion, axon guidance, and gliogenesis upon silencing of FoxO6 We then show that FoxO6 binds to DAF-16-binding elements in the Plexin A4 (Plxna4) promoter region and affects Plxna4 expression. Finally, ectopic Plxna4 expression restores radial migration in FoxO6+/- and siRNA-mediated knockdown models. In conclusion, the presented data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms whereby transcriptional programs drive cortical development.
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34
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Xu H, Fu Y, Qian T, Bo D, Lu YX, Xiong Y, Wan J, Zhang X, Dong Q, Chen XJ. Dync1h1 Mutation Causes Proprioceptive Sensory Neuron Loss and Impaired Retrograde Axonal Transport of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:593-601. [PMID: 27080913 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sprawling (Swl) is a radiation-induced mutation which has been identified to have a nine base pair deletion in dynein heavy chain 1 (DYNC1H1: encoded by a single gene Dync1h1). This study is to investigate the phenotype and the underlying mechanism of the Dync1h1 mutant. METHODS AND RESULTS To display the phenotype of Swl mutant mice, we examined the embryos of homozygous (Swl/Swl) and heterozygous (Swl/+) mice and their postnatal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of surviving Swl/+ mice. The Swl/+ mice could survive for a normal life span, while Swl/Swl could only survive till embryonic (E) 8.5 days. Excessive apoptosis of Swl/+ DRG neurons was revealed during E11.5-E15.5 days, and the peak rate was at E13.5 days. In vitro study of mutated DRG neurons showed impaired retrograde transport of dynein-driven nerve growth factor (NGF). Mitochondria, another dynein-driven cargo, demonstrated much slower retrograde transport velocity in Swl/+ neurons than in wild-type (WT) neurons. Nevertheless, the Swl, Loa, and Cra mutations did not affect homodimerization of DYNC1H1. CONCLUSION The Swl/Swl mutation of Dync1h1 gene led to embryonic mal-development and lethality, whereas the Swl/+ DRG neurons demonstrated deficient retrograde transport in dynein-driven cargos and excessive apoptosis during mid- to late-developmental stages. The underlying mechanism of the mutation may not be due to impaired homodimerization of DYNC1H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ting Qian
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Bo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xin Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neurology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Dantas TJ, Carabalona A, Hu DJK, Vallee RB. Emerging roles for motor proteins in progenitor cell behavior and neuronal migration during brain development. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:566-576. [PMID: 26994401 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in visualizing and understanding neuronal cell migration and morphogenesis during brain development. Distinct mechanisms have evolved to support migration of the various cell types that compose the developing neocortex. A specific subset of molecular motors, so far consisting of cytoplasmic dynein 1, Kif1a and myosin II, are responsible for cytoskeletal and nuclear transport in these cells. This review focuses on the emerging roles for each of these motor proteins in the migratory mechanisms of neocortical cell types. We discuss how migration can be cell cycle regulated and how coordination of motor activity is required to ensure migratory direction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J Dantas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Aurelie Carabalona
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Jun Kit Hu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Richard B Vallee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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36
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Recho P, Jerusalem A, Goriely A. Growth, collapse, and stalling in a mechanical model for neurite motility. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:032410. [PMID: 27078393 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.032410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurites, the long cellular protrusions that form the routes of the neuronal network, are capable of actively extending during early morphogenesis or regenerating after trauma. To perform this task, they rely on their cytoskeleton for mechanical support. In this paper, we present a three-component active gel model that describes neurites in the three robust mechanical states observed experimentally: collapsed, static, and motile. These states arise from an interplay between the physical forces driven by the growth of the microtubule-rich inner core of the neurite and the acto-myosin contractility of its surrounding cortical membrane. In particular, static states appear as a mechanical balance between traction and compression of these two parallel structures. The model predicts how the response of a neurite to a towing force depends on the force magnitude and recovers the response of neurites to several drug treatments that modulate the cytoskeleton active and passive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Recho
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX26GG, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Jerusalem
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Goriely
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX26GG, United Kingdom
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37
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Miyagi T, Tanaka S, Hide I, Shirafuji T, Sakai N. The Subcellular Dynamics of the Gs-Linked Receptor GPR3 Contribute to the Local Activation of PKA in Cerebellar Granular Neurons. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147466. [PMID: 26800526 PMCID: PMC4723318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 3 is a member of the GPR family that constitutively activates adenylate cyclase. We have reported that the expression of GPR3 in cerebellar granular neurons (CGNs) contributes to neurite outgrowth and modulates neuronal proliferation and survival. To further identify its role, we have analyzed the precise distribution and local functions of GPR3 in neurons. The fluorescently tagged GPR3 protein was distributed in the plasma membrane, the Golgi body, and the endosomes. In addition, we have revealed that the plasma membrane expression of GPR3 functionally up-regulated the levels of PKA, as measured by a PKA FRET indicator. Next, we asked if the PKA activity was modulated by the expression of GPR3 in CGNs. PKA activity was highly modulated at the neurite tips compared to the soma. In addition, the PKA activity at the neurite tips was up-regulated when GPR3 was transfected into the cells. However, local PKA activity was decreased when endogenous GPR3 was suppressed by a GPR3 siRNA. Finally, we determined the local dynamics of GPR3 in CGNs using time-lapse analysis. Surprisingly, the fluorescent GPR3 puncta were transported along the neurite in both directions over time. In addition, the anterograde movements of the GPR3 puncta in the neurite were significantly inhibited by actin or microtubule polymerization inhibitors and were also disturbed by the Myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin. Moreover, the PKA activity at the tips of the neurites was decreased when blebbistatin was administered. These results suggested that GPR3 was transported along the neurite and contributed to the local activation of PKA in CGN development. The local dynamics of GPR3 in CGNs may affect local neuronal functions, including neuronal differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Miyagi
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Izumi Hide
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shirafuji
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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38
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Chang W, Antoku S, Gundersen GG. Wound-Healing Assays to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Movement in Fibroblasts and Myoblasts. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1411:255-267. [PMID: 27147048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3530-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rearward positioning of the nucleus is a characteristic feature of most migrating cells. Studies using wounded monolayers of fibroblasts and myoblasts have shown that this positioning is actively established before migration by the coupling of dorsal actin cables to the nuclear envelope through nesprin-2G and SUN2 linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes. During nuclear movement, these LINC complexes cluster along the actin cables to form adhesive structures known as transmembrane actin-associated nuclear (TAN) lines. Here we described experimental procedures for studying nuclear movement and TAN lines using wounded monolayers of fibroblasts and myoblasts, the acquisition of data using immunofluorescence microscopy and live-cell imaging, and methods for data analysis and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, P&S 15-420, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, P&S 15-420, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, P&S 15-420, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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39
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Baffet AD, Carabalona A, Dantas TJ, Doobin DD, Hu DJ, Vallee RB. Cellular and subcellular imaging of motor protein-based behavior in embryonic rat brain. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 131:349-63. [PMID: 26794523 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortex is a very dynamic process, involving a series of complex morphogenetic events. Following division of progenitor cells in the ventricular zone, neurons undergo a series of morphological changes and migrate outward toward the cortical plate, where they differentiate and integrate into functional circuits. Errors at several of stages during neurogenesis and migration cause a variety of severe cortical malformations. A number of disease genes encode factors associated with the cytoskeleton, which plays a crucial role throughout cortical development. Methods for regulating gene expression coupled with imaging of subcellular structures have provided important insight into the mechanisms governing normal and abnormal brain development. We describe here a series of protocols for imaging motor protein-dependent processes in real time in the developing rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre D Baffet
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurélie Carabalona
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiago J Dantas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David D Doobin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Hu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard B Vallee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Copf T. Importance of gene dosage in controlling dendritic arbor formation during development. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2234-49. [PMID: 26108333 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper dendrite morphology is crucial for normal nervous system functioning. While a number of genes have been implicated in dendrite morphogenesis in both invertebrates and mammals, it remains unclear how developing dendrites respond to changes in gene dosage and what type of patterns their responses may follow. To understand this, I review here evidence from the recent literature, focusing on the genetic studies performed in the Drosophila larval dendritic arborization class IV neuron, an excellent cell type to understand dendrite morphogenesis. I summarize how class IV arbors change morphology in response to developmental fluctuations in the expression levels of 47 genes, studied by means of genetic manipulations such as loss-of-function and gain-of-function, and for which sufficient information is available. I find that arbors can respond to changing gene dosage in several distinct ways, each characterized by a singular dose-response curve. Interestingly, in 72% of cases arbors are sensitive, and thus adjust their morphology, in response to both decreases and increases in the expression of a given gene, indicating that dendrite morphogenesis is a process particularly sensitive to gene dosage. By summarizing the parallels between Drosophila and mammals, I show that many Drosophila dendrite morphogenesis genes have orthologs in mammals, and that some of these are associated with mammalian dendrite outgrowth and human neurodevelopmental disorders. One notable disease-related molecule is kinase Dyrk1A, thought to be a causative factor in Down syndrome. Both increases and decreases in Dyrk1A gene dosage lead to impaired dendrite morphogenesis, which may contribute to Down syndrome pathoetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Copf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nikolaou Plastira 100, PO Box 1385, Heraklion, GR-70013, Crete, Greece
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41
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Loss of the neuron-specific F-box protein FBXO41 models an ataxia-like phenotype in mice with neuronal migration defects and degeneration in the cerebellum. J Neurosci 2015; 35:8701-17. [PMID: 26063905 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2133-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is crucial for sensorimotor coordination. The cerebellar architecture not only requires proper development but also long-term integrity to ensure accurate functioning. Developmental defects such as impaired neuronal migration or neurodegeneration are thus detrimental to the cerebellum and can result in movement disorders including ataxias. In this study, we identify FBXO41 as a novel CNS-specific F-box protein that localizes to the centrosome and the cytoplasm of neurons and demonstrate that cytoplasmic FBXO41 promotes neuronal migration. Interestingly, deletion of the FBXO41 gene results in a severely ataxic gait in mice, which show delayed neuronal migration of granule neurons in the developing cerebellum in addition to deformities and degeneration of the mature cerebellum. We show that FBXO41 is a critical factor, not only for neuronal migration in the cerebellum, but also for its long-term integrity.
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42
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Yang ML, Shin J, Kearns CA, Langworthy MM, Snell H, Walker MB, Appel B. CNS myelination requires cytoplasmic dynein function. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:134-45. [PMID: 25488883 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic dynein provides the main motor force for minus-end-directed transport of cargo on microtubules. Within the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), proliferation, neuronal migration, and retrograde axon transport are among the cellular functions known to require dynein. Accordingly, mutations of DYNC1H1, which encodes the heavy chain subunit of cytoplasmic dynein, have been linked to developmental brain malformations and axonal pathologies. Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glial cell type of the CNS, migrate from their origins to their target axons and subsequently extend multiple long processes that ensheath axons with specialized insulating membrane. These processes are filled with microtubules, which facilitate molecular transport of myelin components. However, whether oligodendrocytes require cytoplasmic dynein to ensheath axons with myelin is not known. RESULTS We identified a mutation of zebrafish dync1h1 in a forward genetic screen that caused a deficit of oligodendrocytes. Using in vivo imaging and gene expression analyses, we additionally found evidence that dync1h1 promotes axon ensheathment and myelin gene expression. CONCLUSIONS In addition to its well known roles in axon transport and neuronal migration, cytoplasmic dynein contributes to neural development by promoting myelination.
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Abstract
Neurons begin their life as simple spheres, but can ultimately assume an elaborate morphology with numerous, highly arborized dendrites, and long axons. This is achieved via an astounding developmental progression which is dependent upon regulated assembly and dynamics of the cellular cytoskeleton. As neurites emerge out of the soma, neurons break their spherical symmetry and begin to acquire the morphological features that define their structure and function. Neurons regulate their cytoskeleton to achieve changes in cell shape, velocity, and direction as they migrate, extend neurites, and polarize. Of particular importance, the organization and dynamics of actin and microtubules directs the migration and morphogenesis of neurons. This review focuses on the regulation of intrinsic properties of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons and how specific cytoskeletal structures and dynamics are associated with the earliest phase of neuronal morphogenesis—neuritogenesis.
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44
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Identification of genome-wide SNP-SNP and SNP-clinical Boolean interactions in age-related macular degeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1253:217-55. [PMID: 25403535 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2155-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose here a methodology to uncover modularities in the network of SNP-SNP interactions most associated with disease. We start by computing all possible Boolean binary SNP interactions across the whole genome. By constructing a weighted graph of the most relevant interactions and via a combinatorial optimization approach, we find the most highly interconnected SNPs. We show that the method can be easily extended to find SNP/environment interactions. Using a modestly sized GWAS dataset of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), we identify a group of only 19 SNPs, which include those in previously reported regions associated to AMD. We also uncover a larger set of loci pointing to a matrix of key processes and functions that are affected. The proposed integrative methodology extends and overlaps traditional statistical analysis in a natural way. Combinatorial optimization techniques allow us to find the kernel of the most central interactions, complementing current methods of GWAS analysis and also enhancing the search for gene-environment interaction.
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45
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Roland AB, Ricobaraza A, Carrel D, Jordan BM, Rico F, Simon A, Humbert-Claude M, Ferrier J, McFadden MH, Scheuring S, Lenkei Z. Cannabinoid-induced actomyosin contractility shapes neuronal morphology and growth. eLife 2014; 3:e03159. [PMID: 25225054 PMCID: PMC4179426 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are recently recognized regulators of brain development, but molecular effectors downstream of type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R)-activation remain incompletely understood. We report atypical coupling of neuronal CB1Rs, after activation by endo- or exocannabinoids such as the marijuana component ∆(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, to heterotrimeric G12/G13 proteins that triggers rapid and reversible non-muscle myosin II (NM II) dependent contraction of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, through a Rho-GTPase and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK). This induces rapid neuronal remodeling, such as retraction of neurites and axonal growth cones, elevated neuronal rigidity, and reshaping of somatodendritic morphology. Chronic pharmacological inhibition of NM II prevents cannabinoid-induced reduction of dendritic development in vitro and leads, similarly to blockade of endocannabinoid action, to excessive growth of corticofugal axons into the sub-ventricular zone in vivo. Our results suggest that CB1R can rapidly transform the neuronal cytoskeleton through actomyosin contractility, resulting in cellular remodeling events ultimately able to affect the brain architecture and wiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Roland
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, CNRS UMR8249, Paris, France
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Ana Ricobaraza
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, CNRS UMR8249, Paris, France
| | - Damien Carrel
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, CNRS UMR8249, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin M Jordan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Felix Rico
- U1006 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Simon
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, CNRS UMR8249, Paris, France
| | | | - Jeremy Ferrier
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, CNRS UMR8249, Paris, France
| | | | - Simon Scheuring
- U1006 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Brain Plasticity Unit, ESPCI-ParisTech, CNRS UMR8249, Paris, France
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46
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Mutations in cytoplasmic dynein and its regulators cause malformations of cortical development and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 41:1605-12. [PMID: 24256262 DOI: 10.1042/bst20130188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialized for the processing and transmission of electrical signals and use cytoskeleton-based motor proteins to transport different vesicles and cellular materials. Abnormalities in intracellular transport are thought to be a critical factor in the degeneration and death of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Several recent studies describe disruptive mutations in the minus-end-directed microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein that are directly linked to human motor neuropathies, such as SMA (spinal muscular atrophy) and axonal CMT (Charcot-Marie-Tooth) disease or malformations of cortical development, including lissencephaly, pachygyria and polymicrogyria. In addition, genetic defects associated with these and other neurological disorders have been found in multifunctional adaptors that regulate dynein function, including the dynactin subunit p150(Glued), BICD2 (Bicaudal D2), Lis-1 (lissencephaly 1) and NDE1 (nuclear distribution protein E). In the present paper we provide an overview of the disease-causing mutations in dynein motors and regulatory proteins that lead to a broad phenotypic spectrum extending from peripheral neuropathies to cerebral malformations.
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47
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Ostrem BEL, Lui JH, Gertz CC, Kriegstein AR. Control of outer radial glial stem cell mitosis in the human brain. Cell Rep 2014; 8:656-64. [PMID: 25088420 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex is partially attributed to a relative abundance of neural stem cells in the fetal brain called outer radial glia (oRG). oRG cells display a characteristic division mode, mitotic somal translocation (MST), in which the soma rapidly translocates toward the cortical plate immediately prior to cytokinesis. MST may be essential for progenitor zone expansion, but the mechanism of MST is unknown, hindering exploration of its function in development and disease. Here, we show that MST requires activation of the Rho effector ROCK and nonmuscle myosin II, but not intact microtubules, centrosomal translocation into the leading process, or calcium influx. MST is independent of mitosis and distinct from interkinetic nuclear migration and saltatory migration. Our findings suggest that disrupted MST may underlie neurodevelopmental diseases affecting the Rho-ROCK-myosin pathway and provide a foundation for future exploration of the role of MST in neocortical development, evolution, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E L Ostrem
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jan H Lui
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Caitlyn C Gertz
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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48
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Insolera R, Shao W, Airik R, Hildebrandt F, Shi SH. SDCCAG8 regulates pericentriolar material recruitment and neuronal migration in the developing cortex. Neuron 2014; 83:805-22. [PMID: 25088364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of SDCCAG8 are associated with nephronophthisis and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, as well as schizophrenia; however, the function of SDCCAG8 remains largely unknown. Here, we show that SDCCAG8 regulates centrosomal accumulation of pericentriolar material and neuronal polarization and migration in the developing mouse cortex. Sdccag8 expression is selectively elevated in newborn neurons prior to their commencement of radial locomotion, and suppression of this expression by short-hairpin RNAs or a loss-of-function allele impairs centrosomal recruitment of γ-tubulin and pericentrin, interferes with microtubule organization, decouples the centrosome and the nucleus, and disrupts neuronal migration. Moreover, SDCCAG8 interacts and cotraffics with pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1), a centriolar satellite protein crucial for targeting proteins to the centrosome. Expression of SDCCAG8 carrying a human mutation causes neuronal migration defects. These results reveal a critical role for SDCCAG8 in controlling centrosomal properties and function, and provide insights into the basis of neurological defects linked to SDCCAG8 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Insolera
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei Shao
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; BCMB Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rannar Airik
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; BCMB Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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49
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Roossien DH, Lamoureux P, Miller KE. Cytoplasmic dynein pushes the cytoskeletal meshwork forward during axonal elongation. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3593-602. [PMID: 24951117 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.152611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, neurons send out axonal processes that can reach lengths hundreds of times longer than the diameter of their cell bodies. Recent studies indicate that en masse microtubule translocation is a significant mechanism underlying axonal elongation, but how cellular forces drive this process is unknown. Cytoplasmic dynein generates forces on microtubules in axons to power their movement through 'stop-and-go' transport, but whether these forces influence the bulk translocation of long microtubules embedded in the cytoskeletal meshwork has not been tested. Here, we use both function-blocking antibodies targeted to the dynein intermediate chain and the pharmacological dynein inhibitor ciliobrevin D to ask whether dynein forces contribute to en bloc cytoskeleton translocation. By tracking docked mitochondria as fiducial markers for bulk cytoskeleton movements, we find that translocation is reduced after dynein disruption. We then directly measure net force generation after dynein disruption and find a dramatic increase in axonal tension. Taken together, these data indicate that dynein generates forces that push the cytoskeletal meshwork forward en masse during axonal elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Roossien
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Ln Room 336, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Phillip Lamoureux
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Ln Room 336, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kyle E Miller
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Ln Room 336, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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50
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Ngo L, Haas M, Qu Z, Li SS, Zenker J, Teng KSL, Gunnersen JM, Breuss M, Habgood M, Keays DA, Heng JIT. TUBB5 and its disease-associated mutations influence the terminal differentiation and dendritic spine densities of cerebral cortical neurons. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5147-58. [PMID: 24833723 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for the generation and maturation of neurons in the developing mammalian nervous system. We have previously shown that mutations in the β-tubulin gene TUBB5 cause microcephaly with structural brain abnormalities in humans. While it is known that TUBB5 is necessary for the proper generation and migration of neurons, little is understood of the role it plays in neuronal differentiation and connectivity. Here, we report that perturbations to TUBB5 disrupt the morphology of cortical neurons, their neuronal complexity, axonal outgrowth, as well as the density and shape of dendritic spines in the postnatal murine cortex. The features we describe are consistent with defects in synaptic signaling. Cellular-based assays have revealed that TUBB5 substitutions have the capacity to alter the dynamic properties and polymerization rates of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Together, our studies show that TUBB5 is essential for neuronal differentiation and dendritic spine formation in vivo, providing insight into the underlying cellular pathology associated with TUBB5 disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Ngo
- EMBL Australia, The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Matilda Haas
- EMBL Australia, The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zhengdong Qu
- EMBL Australia, The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shan Shan Li
- EMBL Australia, The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer Zenker
- EMBL Australia, The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kathleen Sue Lyn Teng
- The Anatomy and Neuroscience Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jenny Margaret Gunnersen
- The Anatomy and Neuroscience Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Martin Breuss
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr Bohr-Gasse, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Mark Habgood
- The Anatomy and Neuroscience Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Julian Ik-Tsen Heng
- EMBL Australia, The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia,
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