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Huang H, Jiang Y, Liu J, Luo D, Yuan J, Mu R, Yu X, Sun D, Lin J, Chen Q, Li X, Jiang M, Xu J, Chu B, Yin C, Zhang L, Ye Y, Cao B, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Jag1/2 maintain esophageal homeostasis and suppress foregut tumorigenesis by restricting the basal progenitor cell pool. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4124. [PMID: 38750026 PMCID: PMC11096375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal progenitor cells are crucial for maintaining foregut (the esophagus and forestomach) homeostasis. When their function is dysregulated, it can promote inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unclear. Here, we employ genetic mouse models to reveal that Jag1/2 regulate esophageal homeostasis and foregut tumorigenesis by modulating the function of basal progenitor cells. Deletion of Jag1/2 in mice disrupts esophageal and forestomach epithelial homeostasis. Mechanistically, Jag1/2 deficiency impairs activation of Notch signaling, leading to reduced squamous epithelial differentiation and expansion of basal progenitor cells. Moreover, Jag1/2 deficiency exacerbates the deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced squamous epithelial injury and accelerates the initiation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the forestomach. Importantly, expression levels of JAG1/2 are lower in the early stages of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) carcinogenesis. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Jag1/2 are important for maintaining esophageal and forestomach homeostasis and the onset of foregut SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jiangying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jianghong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Rongzi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Donglei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jihong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China
| | - Qiyue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China
| | - Xinjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bo Chu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chengqian Yin
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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2
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Cammarota C, Dawney NS, Bellomio PM, Jüng M, Fletcher AG, Finegan TM, Bergstralh DT. The mechanical influence of densification on epithelial architecture. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012001. [PMID: 38557605 PMCID: PMC11008847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are the most abundant tissue type in animals, lining body cavities and generating compartment barriers. The function of a monolayered epithelial tissue-whether protective, secretory, absorptive, or filtrative-relies on the side-by-side arrangement of its component cells. The mechanical parameters that determine the shape of epithelial cells in the apical-basal plane are not well-understood. Epithelial tissue architecture in culture is intimately connected to cell density, and cultured layers transition between architectures as they proliferate. This prompted us to ask to what extent epithelial architecture emerges from two mechanical considerations: A) the constraints of densification and B) cell-cell adhesion, a hallmark feature of epithelial cells. To address these questions, we developed a novel polyline cell-based computational model and used it to make theoretical predictions about epithelial architecture upon changes to density and cell-cell adhesion. We tested these predictions using cultured cell experiments. Our results show that the appearance of extended lateral cell-cell borders in culture arises as a consequence of crowding-independent of cell-cell adhesion. However, cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is associated with a novel architectural transition. Our results suggest that this transition represents the initial appearance of a distinctive epithelial architecture. Together our work reveals the distinct mechanical roles of densification and adhesion to epithelial layer formation and provides a novel theoretical framework to understand the less well-studied apical-basal plane of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cammarota
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicole S. Dawney
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Bellomio
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Maren Jüng
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander G. Fletcher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tara M. Finegan
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Dan T. Bergstralh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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3
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Baral B, Kandpal M, Ray A, Jana A, Yadav DS, Sachin K, Mishra A, Baig MS, Jha HC. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infection in cell polarity alterations. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:41-57. [PMID: 37672163 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetrical distribution of the cellular organelles inside the cell is maintained by a group of cell polarity proteins. The maintenance of polarity is one of the vital host defense mechanisms against pathogens, and the loss of it contributes to infection facilitation and cancer progression. Studies have suggested that infection of viruses and bacteria alters cell polarity. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus are group I carcinogens involved in the progression of multiple clinical conditions besides gastric cancer (GC) and Burkitt's lymphoma, respectively. Moreover, the coinfection of both these pathogens contributes to a highly aggressive form of GC. H. pylori and EBV target the host cell polarity complexes for their pathogenesis. H. pylori-associated proteins like CagA, VacA OipA, and urease were shown to imbalance the cellular homeostasis by altering the cell polarity. Similarly, EBV-associated genes LMP1, LMP2A, LMP2B, EBNA3C, and EBNA1 also contribute to altered cell asymmetry. This review summarized all the possible mechanisms involved in cell polarity deformation in H. pylori and EBV-infected epithelial cells. We have also discussed deregulated molecular pathways like NF-κB, TGF-β/SMAD, and β-catenin in H. pylori, EBV, and their coinfection that further modulate PAR, SCRIB, or CRB polarity complexes in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhadev Baral
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Meenakshi Kandpal
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Anushka Ray
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Ankit Jana
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh Yadav
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Pune, DFSS, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Talegaon MIDC Phase-1, Near JCB Factory, Pune, Maharashtra, 410506, India
| | - Kumar Sachin
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 016, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65 Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Burda I, Martin AC, Roeder AHK, Collins MA. The dynamics and biophysics of shape formation: Common themes in plant and animal morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2850-2866. [PMID: 38113851 PMCID: PMC10752614 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of tissue form in multicellular organisms results from the complex interplay between genetics and physics. In both plants and animals, cells must act in concert to pattern their behaviors. Our understanding of the factors sculpting multicellular form has increased dramatically in the past few decades. From this work, common themes have emerged that connect plant and animal morphogenesis-an exciting connection that solidifies our understanding of the developmental basis of multicellular life. In this review, we will discuss the themes and the underlying principles that connect plant and animal morphogenesis, including the coordination of gene expression, signaling, growth, contraction, and mechanical and geometric feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Burda
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Genetic Genomics and Development Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adam C Martin
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adrienne H K Roeder
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Genetic Genomics and Development Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Mary Ann Collins
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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5
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Carlin CR, Ngalula S. Loss of EGF receptor polarity enables homeostatic imbalance in epithelial-cell models. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar116. [PMID: 37647145 PMCID: PMC10846618 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarized distribution of membrane proteins into apical and basolateral domains provides the basis for specialized functions of epithelial tissues. The EGF receptor (EGFR) plays important roles in embryonic development, adult-epithelial tissue homeostasis, and growth and survival of many carcinomas. Typically targeted to basolateral domains, there is also considerable evidence of EGFR sorting plasticity but very limited knowledge regarding domain-specific EGFR substrates. Here we have investigated effects of selective EGFR mistargeting because of inactive-basolateral sorting signals on epithelial-cell homeostatic responses to growth-induced stress in MDCK cell models. Aberrant EGFR localization was associated with multilayer formation, anchorage-independent growth, and upregulated expression of the intermediate filament-protein vimentin characteristically seen in cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. EGFRs were selectively retained following their internalization from apical membranes, and a signaling pathway involving the signaling adaptor Gab1 protein and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK5 had an essential role integrating multiple responses to growth-induced stress. Our studies highlight the potential importance of cellular machinery specifying EGFR polarity in epithelial pathologies associated with homeostatic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970
- Case Western Reserve University Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970
| | - Syntyche Ngalula
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970
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6
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Wang B, Liang Z, Tan T, Zhang M, Jiang Y, Shang Y, Gao X, Song S, Wang R, Chen H, Liu J, Li J, Ren Y, Liu P. CRB3 navigates Rab11 trafficking vesicles to promote γTuRC assembly during ciliogenesis. eLife 2023; 12:RP86689. [PMID: 37737843 PMCID: PMC10516600 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium plays important roles in regulating cell differentiation, signal transduction, and tissue organization. Dysfunction of the primary cilium can lead to ciliopathies and cancer. The formation and organization of the primary cilium are highly associated with cell polarity proteins, such as the apical polarity protein CRB3. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CRB3 regulates ciliogenesis and the location of CRB3 remain unknown. Here, we show that CRB3, as a navigator, regulates vesicle trafficking in γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) assembly during ciliogenesis and cilium-related Hh and Wnt signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. Crb3 knockout mice display severe defects of the primary cilium in the mammary ductal lumen and renal tubule, while mammary epithelial-specific Crb3 knockout mice exhibit the promotion of ductal epithelial hyperplasia and tumorigenesis. CRB3 is essential for lumen formation and ciliary assembly in the mammary epithelium. We demonstrate that CRB3 localizes to the basal body and that CRB3 trafficking is mediated by Rab11-positive endosomes. Significantly, CRB3 interacts with Rab11 to navigate GCP6/Rab11 trafficking vesicles to CEP290, resulting in intact γTuRC assembly. In addition, CRB3-depleted cells are unresponsive to the activation of the Hh signaling pathway, while CRB3 regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. Therefore, our studies reveal the molecular mechanisms by which CRB3 recognizes Rab11-positive endosomes to facilitate ciliogenesis and regulates cilium-related signaling pathways in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Zheyong Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Tan Tan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Affiliated to the First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South ChinaChenzhouChina
| | - Miao Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Yina Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Yangyang Shang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaoqian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Shaoran Song
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - He Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiChina
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7
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Saleh J, Fardin MA, Barai A, Soleilhac M, Frenoy O, Gaston C, Cui H, Dang T, Gaudin N, Vincent A, Minc N, Delacour D. Length limitation of astral microtubules orients cell divisions in murine intestinal crypts. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1519-1533.e6. [PMID: 37419117 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Planar spindle orientation is critical for epithelial tissue organization and is generally instructed by the long cell-shape axis or cortical polarity domains. We introduced mouse intestinal organoids in order to study spindle orientation in a monolayered mammalian epithelium. Although spindles were planar, mitotic cells remained elongated along the apico-basal (A-B) axis, and polarity complexes were segregated to basal poles, so that spindles oriented in an unconventional manner, orthogonal to both polarity and geometric cues. Using high-resolution 3D imaging, simulations, and cell-shape and cytoskeleton manipulations, we show that planar divisions resulted from a length limitation in astral microtubules (MTs) which precludes them from interacting with basal polarity, and orient spindles from the local geometry of apical domains. Accordingly, lengthening MTs affected spindle planarity, cell positioning, and crypt arrangement. We conclude that MT length regulation may serve as a key mechanism for spindles to sense local cell shapes and tissue forces to preserve mammalian epithelial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Saleh
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Amlan Barai
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Matis Soleilhac
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Frenoy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gaston
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hongyue Cui
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Tien Dang
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Noémie Gaudin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Vincent
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, 59000 Lille, France; ORGALille Core Facility, CANTHER, Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France.
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8
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Marongiu F, Cheri S, Laconi E. Clones of aging: When better fitness can be dangerous. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151340. [PMID: 37423036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological and clinical significance of aberrant clonal expansions in aged tissues is being intensely discussed. Evidence is accruing that these clones often result from the normal dynamics of cell turnover in our tissues. The aged tissue microenvironment is prone to favour the emergence of specific clones with higher fitness partly because of an overall decline in cell intrinsic regenerative potential of surrounding counterparts. Thus, expanding clones in aged tissues need not to be mechanistically associated with the development of cancer, albeit this is a possibility. We suggest that growth pattern is a critical phenotypic attribute that impacts on the fate of such clonal proliferations. The acquisition of a better proliferative fitness, coupled with a defect in tissue pattern formation, could represent a dangerous mix setting the stage for their evolution towards neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Samuele Cheri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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9
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Zhou B, Guo W, Guo L, Li Y, Zheng Z, Huai Q, Tan F, Li Y, Xue Q, Ying J, Zhao L, Gao S, He J. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data reveals the genetic source of extracellular vesicles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106800. [PMID: 37217040 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is invasive cancer and the complex mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by most cell types, serve as a critical factor in tumorigenesis via intercellular communications. Our study aims to investigate the cellular origin of EVs in ESCC, and unveil the unknown molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cell-cell communications. Six ESCC patients were enrolled and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses were conducted to screen different cell subpopulations. The genetic origin of EVs was tracked using the supernatant from different cellular extracts. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), western blot analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed for validation. Using scRNA-seq analysis, eleven cell subpopulations were identified in ESCC. Differences in gene expression in EVs between malignant and non-malignant esophageal tissues were found. Our findings demonstrated that epithelial cells releasing EVs were the most prevalent in malignant tissues, while endothelial cells and fibroblasts releasing EVs were predominant in non-malignant tissues. Furthermore, the high levels of gene expression in EVs released from these cells were correlated significantly with a worse prognosis. Our findings revealed the genetic origin of EVs in malignant and non-malignant esophageal tissues and provided a comprehensive overview of the associated cell-cell interactions in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qilin Huai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Therapy Research for Lung Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Cammarota C, Dawney NS, Bellomio PM, Jüng M, Fletcher AG, Finegan TM, Bergstralh DT. The Mechanical Influence of Densification on Initial Epithelial Architecture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539758. [PMID: 37214914 PMCID: PMC10197549 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are the most abundant tissue type in animals, lining body cavities and generating compartment barriers. The function of a monolayer epithelium - whether protective, secretory, absorptive, or filtrative -relies on regular tissue architecture with respect to the apical-basal axis. Using an unbiased 3D analysis pipeline developed in our lab, we previously showed that epithelial tissue architectures in culture can be divided into distinct developmental categories, and that these are intimately connected to cell density: at sparse densities, cultured epithelial cell layers have a squamous morphology (Immature); at intermediate densities, these layers develop lateral cell-cell borders and rounded cell apices (Intermediate); cells at the highest densities reach their full height and demonstrate flattened apices (Mature). These observations prompted us to ask whether epithelial architecture emerges from the mechanical constraints of densification, and to what extent a hallmark feature of epithelial cells, namely cell-cell adhesion, contributes. In other words, to what extent is the shape of cells in an epithelial layer a simple matter of sticky, deformable objects squeezing together? We addressed this problem using a combination of computational modeling and experimental manipulations. Our results show that the first morphological transition, from Immature to Intermediate, can be explained simply by cell crowding. Additionally, we identify a new division (and thus transition) within the Intermediate category, and find that this second morphology relies on cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cammarota
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicole S Dawney
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Maren Jüng
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexander G Fletcher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tara M Finegan
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dan T Bergstralh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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11
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Dawney NS, Cammarota C, Jia Q, Shipley A, Glichowski JA, Vasandani M, Finegan TM, Bergstralh DT. A novel tool for the unbiased characterization of epithelial monolayer development in culture. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar25. [PMID: 36696175 PMCID: PMC10092640 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-04-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of an epithelial tissue is intertwined with its architecture. Epithelial tissues are often described as pseudo-two-dimensional, but this view may be partly attributed to experimental bias: many model epithelia, including cultured cell lines, are easiest to image from the "top-down." We measured the three-dimensional architecture of epithelial cells in culture and found that it varies dramatically across cultured regions, presenting a challenge for reproducibility and cross-study comparisons. We therefore developed a novel tool (Automated Layer Analysis, "ALAn") to characterize architecture in an unbiased manner. Using ALAn, we find that cultured epithelial cells can organize into four distinct architectures and that architecture correlates with cell density. Cells exhibit distinct biological properties in each architecture. Organization in the apical-basal axis is determined early in monolayer development by substrate availability, while disorganization in the apical-basal axis arises from an inability to form substrate connections. Our work highlights the need to carefully control for three-dimensional architecture when using cell culture as a model system for epithelial cell biology and introduces a novel tool, built on a set of rules that can be widely applied to epithelial cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Dawney
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Christian Cammarota
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Qingyuan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Alicia Shipley
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Joseph A Glichowski
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | | | - Tara M Finegan
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Dan T Bergstralh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627
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12
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Chen YH, Hsu JY, Chu CT, Chang YW, Fan JR, Yang MH, Chen HC. Loss of cell-cell adhesion triggers cell migration through Rac1-dependent ROS generation. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/2/e202201529. [PMID: 36446524 PMCID: PMC9711860 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells usually trigger their "migratory machinery" upon loss of adhesion to their neighbors. This default is important for both physiological (e.g., wound healing) and pathological (e.g., tumor metastasis) processes. However, the underlying mechanism for such a default remains unclear. In this study, we used the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) SAS cells as a model and found that loss of cell-cell adhesion induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and vimentin expression, both of which were required for SAS cell migration upon loss of cell-cell adhesion. We demonstrated that Tiam1-mediated Rac1 activation was responsible for the ROS generation through NADPH-dependent oxidases. Moreover, the ROS-Src-STAT3 signaling pathway that led to vimentin expression was important for SAS cell migration. The activation of ROS, Src, and STAT3 was also detected in tumor biopsies from HNSCC patients. Notably, activated STAT3 was more abundant at the tumor invasive front and correlated with metastatic progression of HNSCC. Together, our results unveil a mechanism of how cells trigger their migration upon loss of cell-cell adhesion and highlight an important role of the ROS-Src-STAT3 signaling pathway in the progression of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Yuan Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tung Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rong Fan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan .,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Guevara-Garcia A, Soleilhac M, Minc N, Delacour D. Regulation and functions of cell division in the intestinal tissue. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00004-6. [PMID: 36702722 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing epithelial tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs to ensure correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, proliferation rates and division orientation regulate the speed, timing and direction of tissue expansion but also its proper patterning. Moreover, tissue homeostasis relies on spatio-temporal modulations of daughter cell behavior and arrangement. These aspects are particularly crucial in the intestine, which is one of the most proliferative tissues in adults, making it a very attractive adult organ system to study the role of cell division on epithelial morphogenesis and organ function. Although epithelial cell division has been the subject of intense research for many years in multiple models, it still remains in its infancy in the context of the intestinal tissue. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on cell division and regulatory mechanisms at play in the intestinal epithelial tissue, as well as their importance in developmental biology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matis Soleilhac
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.
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14
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Fankhaenel M, Hashemi FSG, Mourao L, Lucas E, Hosawi MM, Skipp P, Morin X, Scheele CLGJ, Elias S. Annexin A1 is a polarity cue that directs mitotic spindle orientation during mammalian epithelial morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:151. [PMID: 36631478 PMCID: PMC9834401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oriented cell divisions are critical for the formation and maintenance of structured epithelia. Proper mitotic spindle orientation relies on polarised anchoring of force generators to the cell cortex by the evolutionarily conserved protein complex formed by the Gαi subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, the Leucine-Glycine-Asparagine repeat protein (LGN) and the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein. However, the polarity cues that control cortical patterning of this ternary complex remain largely unknown in mammalian epithelia. Here we identify the membrane-associated protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1) as an interactor of LGN in mammary epithelial cells. Annexin A1 acts independently of Gαi to instruct the accumulation of LGN and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein at the lateral cortex to ensure cortical anchoring of Dynein-Dynactin and astral microtubules and thereby planar alignment of the mitotic spindle. Loss of Annexin A1 randomises mitotic spindle orientation, which in turn disrupts epithelial architecture and luminogenesis in three-dimensional cultures of primary mammary epithelial cells. Our findings establish Annexin A1 as an upstream cortical cue that regulates LGN to direct planar cell divisions during mammalian epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fankhaenel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Farahnaz S Golestan Hashemi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Larissa Mourao
- VIB-KULeuven Center for Cancer Biology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emily Lucas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Manal M Hosawi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paul Skipp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Proteomic Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xavier Morin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Salah Elias
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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15
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Wang QQ, You DD, Liu JL. Cytoophidia Maintain the Integrity of Drosophila Follicle Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315282. [PMID: 36499609 PMCID: PMC9740582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) forms a filamentous structure termed the cytoophidium in all three domains of life. The female reproductive system of Drosophila is an excellent model for studying the physiological function of cytoophidia. Here, we use CTPSH355A, a point mutation that destroys the cytoophidium-forming ability of CTPS, to explore the in vivo function of cytoophidia. In CTPSH355A egg chambers, we observe the ingression and increased heterogeneity of follicle cells. In addition, we find that the cytoophidium-forming ability of CTPS, rather than the protein level, is the cause of the defects observed in CTPSH355A mutants. To sum up, our data indicate that cytoophidia play an important role in maintaining the integrity of follicle epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Technology University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dong-Dong You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Technology University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Technology University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: or
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16
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Wang R, Zhang C, Li D, Yao Y. Tumor-on-a-chip: Perfusable vascular incorporation brings new approach to tumor metastasis research and drug development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1057913. [PMID: 36483772 PMCID: PMC9722735 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1057913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix interacts with cancer cells and is a key factor in the development of cancer. Traditional two-dimensional models cannot mimic the natural in situ environment of cancer tissues, whereas three-dimensional (3D) models such as spherical culture, bioprinting, and microfluidic approaches can achieve in vitro reproduction of certain structures and components of the tumor microenvironment, including simulation of the hypoxic environment of tumor tissue. However, the lack of a perfusable vascular network is a limitation of most 3D models. Solid tumor growth and metastasis require angiogenesis, and tumor models with microvascular networks have been developed to better understand underlying mechanisms. Tumor-on-a-chip technology combines the advantages of microfluidics and 3D cell culture technology for the simulation of tumor tissue complexity and characteristics. In this review, we summarize progress in constructing tumor-on-a-chip models with efficiently perfused vascular networks. We also discuss the applications of tumor-on-a-chip technology to studying the tumor microenvironment and drug development. Finally, we describe the creation of several common tumor models based on this technology to provide a deeper understanding and new insights into the design of vascularized cancer models. We believe that the tumor-on-a-chip approach is an important development that will provide further contributions to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danxue Li
- *Correspondence: Danxue Li, ; Yang Yao,
| | - Yang Yao
- *Correspondence: Danxue Li, ; Yang Yao,
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17
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Role of Epithelial Cell Marker Genes in Predicting the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8347125. [PMID: 35968507 PMCID: PMC9372514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8347125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is increasingly used in studies on gastrointestinal cancers. This study investigated the prognostic value of epithelial cell-associated biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) using scRNA-seq data. We downloaded and analysed scRNA-seq data from four CRC samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and we identified marker genes of malignant epithelial cells (MECs) using CRC transcriptome and clinical data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO as training and validation cohorts, respectively. In the TCGA training cohort, weighted gene correlation network analysis, univariate Cox proportional hazard model (Cox) analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis were performed on the marker genes of MEC subsets to identify a signature of nine prognostic MEC-related genes (MECRGs) and calculate a risk score based on the signature. CRC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median risk score. We found that the MECRG risk score was significantly correlated with the clinical features and overall survival of CRC patients, and that CRC patients in the high-risk group showed a significantly shorter survival time. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the MECRG risk score can serve as an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the MECRG signature genes are involved in fatty acid metabolism, p53 signalling, and other pathways. To increase the clinical application value, we constructed a MECRG nomogram by combining the MECRG risk score with other independent prognostic factors. The validity of the nomogram is based on receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves. The MECRG signature and nomogram models were well validated in the GEO dataset. In conclusion, we established an epithelial cell marker gene-based risk assessment model based on scRNA-seq analysis of CRC samples for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients.
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18
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Mancinelli E, Takuma M, Fujie T, Pensabene V. Recreating cellular barriers in human microphysiological systems in-vitro. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:3923-3926. [PMID: 36086504 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9870981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Within cellular barriers, cells are separated by basement membranes (BMs), nanometer-thick extracellular matrix layers. In existing in-vitro cellular-barrier models, cell-to-cell signaling can be preserved by culturing different cells in individual chambers separated by a semipermeable membrane. Their structure does not always replicate the BM thickness nor diffusion through it. Here, a porous polymeric nanofilm made of poly(D-L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) is proposed to recreate the BM in a microfluidic blood-brain-barrier model. Nanofilms showed an average thickness of [Formula: see text] and a maximum pore diameter of 1.6 μm. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured on PDLLA. After 7 days, viability was >95% and cell morphology did not show relevant differences with HUVECs grown on control substrates. A protocol for suspending the nanofilm between 2 microfluidic chambers was identified and showed no leakage and good sealing. Clinical Relevance- Preclinical models of cellular barriers are a key step towards a deeper understanding of their roles in pathogenesis of various diseases: a physiologically relevant microfluidic model of the blood brain barrier (BBB) allows high-throughput investigations of BBB contribution in neurodegenerative diseases and cruelty-free screenings of drugs targeting the brain.
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19
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Kedashiro S, Kameyama T, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Stimulatory role of nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 in multilayered T47D cell proliferation. Genes Cells 2022; 27:451-464. [PMID: 35430770 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multilayered proliferation in an adherent culture as well as proliferation in a suspension culture is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. We previously showed using T47D human mammary cancer cells that nectin-4, upregulated in many cancer cells, cis-interacts with ErbB2 and its trastuzumab-resistant splice variants, p95-ErbB2 and ErbB2ΔEx16, and enhances DNA synthesis mainly through the PI3K-AKT pathway in an adherent culture. We showed here that only the combination of nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2, but not that of nectin-4 and ErbB2 or that of nectin-4 and ErbB2ΔEx16, cooperatively enhanced multilayered T47D cell proliferation through the Hippo pathway-mediated SOX2 gene expression in an adherent culture. T47D cells expressed the components of the apical junctional complex (AJC) consisting of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions and cell polarity molecules, but not the AJ component afadin. The AJC and apicobasal polarity were disorganized in T47D cells in a monolayer and T47D cells stably expressing both nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 in multilayers. These results indicate that nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 play a stimulatory role in multilayered proliferation in an adherent culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kedashiro
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kameyama
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- From the Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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20
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Donà F, Eli S, Mapelli M. Insights Into Mechanisms of Oriented Division From Studies in 3D Cellular Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:847801. [PMID: 35356279 PMCID: PMC8959941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.847801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs, that ensure the correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, mitotic rates and division orientation are crucial in regulating the velocity and the timing of the forming tissue. Division orientation, specified by mitotic spindle placement with respect to epithelial apico-basal polarity, controls not only the partitioning of cellular components but also the positioning of the daughter cells within the tissue, and hence the contacts that daughter cells retain with the surrounding microenvironment. Daughter cells positioning is important to determine signal sensing and fate, and therefore the final function of the developing organ. In this review, we will discuss recent discoveries regarding the mechanistics of planar divisions in mammalian epithelial cells, summarizing technologies and model systems used to study oriented cell divisions in vitro such as three-dimensional cysts of immortalized cells and intestinal organoids. We also highlight how misorientation is corrected in vivo and in vitro, and how it might contribute to the onset of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Donà
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Eli
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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21
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Fang X, Ni N, Wang X, Tian Y, Ivanov I, Rijnkels M, Bayless KJ, Lydon JP, Li Q. EZH2 and Endometrial Cancer Development: Insights from a Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050909. [PMID: 35269532 PMCID: PMC8909840 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a core component of polycomb repressive complex 2, plays an important role in cancer development. As both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of EZH2 have been documented in the literature, the objective of this study is to determine the impact of Ezh2 deletion on the development and progression of endometrial cancer induced by inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor gene frequently dysregulated in endometrial cancer patients. To this end, we created mice harboring uterine deletion of both Ezh2 and Pten using Cre recombinase driven by the progesterone receptor (Pgr) promoter. Our results showed reduced tumor burden in Ptend/d; Ezh2d/d mice compared with that of Ptend/d mice during early carcinogenesis. The decreased Ki67 index in EZH2 and PTEN-depleted uteri versus that in PTEN-depleted uteri indicated an oncogenic role of EZH2 during early tumor development. However, mice harboring uterine deletion of both Ezh2 and Pten developed unfavorable disease outcome, accompanied by exacerbated epithelial stratification and heightened inflammatory response. The observed effect was non-cell autonomous and mediated by altered immune response evidenced by massive accumulation of intraluminal neutrophils, a hallmark of endometrial carcinoma in Ptend/d; Ezh2d/d mice during disease progression. Hence, these results reveal dual roles of EZH2 in endometrial cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (X.F.); (N.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (X.F.); (N.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA;
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.T.); (I.I.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.T.); (I.I.)
| | - Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (X.F.); (N.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA;
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (X.F.); (N.N.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-862-2009; Fax: +1-979-847-8981
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22
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Román-Fernández Á, Sandilands E, Bryant DM. The Use of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture to Study Apicobasal Polarization and Lumen Formation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2438:439-454. [PMID: 35147956 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2035-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional culture of epithelial cells allows the characterization of processes required for collective epithelial polarization, such as formation of an epithelial lumen. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells have been instrumental in pioneering 3-Dimensional culture analysis methods. Here we describe methods for MDCK cell three-dimensional culture, generation of stable engineered cell lines, immunolabeling, and imaging approaches that allow for analysis of apical-basal polarity during lumen formation in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Román-Fernández
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Sandilands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Bryant
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- The CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
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23
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Kuyyamudi C, Menon SN, Casares F, Sinha S. Disorder in cellular packing can alter proliferation dynamics to regulate growth. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:L052401. [PMID: 34942790 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.l052401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which an organ regulates its growth are not yet fully understood, especially when the cells are closely packed as in epithelial tissues. We explain growth arrest as a collective dynamical transition in coupled oscillators on disordered lattices. As the cellular morphologies become homogeneous over the course of development, the signals induced by cell-cell contact increase beyond a critical value that triggers coordinated cessation of the cell-cycle oscillators driving cell division. Thus, control of cell proliferation is causally related to the geometry of cellular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekar Kuyyamudi
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shakti N Menon
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Fernando Casares
- CABD, CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-JA, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Sitabhra Sinha
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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24
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Rojo Salvador C, Galicia Guerrero MDL, Sánchez Maldonado B, González-Gil A, Picazo González RA. Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of neurospheres spontaneously generated in the culture from sheep ovarian cortical cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:2265-2280. [PMID: 34873872 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurospheres (NS) derived from adult stem cells of non-neural tissues represent a promising source of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) for autologous cell therapy. Knowing the fine structure of NS cells is essential for characterizing them during differentiation or oncogenic transformation. NS are generated by culturing ovarian cortical cells (OCCs) under specific conditions. To establish whether these OCCs exhibited a similar morphophenotype as those from the central nervous system (CNS) reported in the literature, sheep OCCs were cultured for 21 days to generate NS. Expression levels of pluripotency (Nanog, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4], and SRY-box transcription factor 2 [Sox2]) and NSCs/NPCs (nestin, paired box 6 [Pax6], and p75 neurotrophin receptor [P75NTR]) transcripts were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the NSC/NPC antigens were immunolocalized, and structural and ultrastructural analyses were performed in OCC-NS on Days 10, 15, and 21 in culture. Spheroids expressed transcripts and antigens of pluripotency as well as NSCs/NPCs. Cells were arranged into an inner core, with frequent apoptotic and degenerative events, and a peripheral epithelial-like cover with abundant cytoplasmic organelles, apical microvilli, and filament bundles of cytoskeleton elements. Adherens junctions and apical tight and lateral loose interdigitations were found in peripheral cells that eventually lost apical-basal polarization, which might indicate their disengaging/aggregating from/to the NS. We can conclude that OCC-NS shares the most structural and ultrastructural characteristics with CNS-NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Rojo Salvador
- Sección Departamental de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Belén Sánchez Maldonado
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo González-Gil
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ana Picazo González
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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25
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[Spheroids to organoids: Solid cancer models for anticancer drug discovery]. Bull Cancer 2021; 109:49-57. [PMID: 34848046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture is an important and necessary technology in oncology research. Currently, two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models are the most widely used, but they cannot reproduce the complexity and pathophysiology of tumors in vivo. This may be a major cause of the high rate of attrition of anticancer drugs entering clinical trials, the rate of new anticancer drugs entering the market being less than 5 %. One way to improve the success of new cancer drugs in the clinic is based on the use of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models, more able to represent the complex environment and architecture of tumors. These 3D culture systems are also a powerful research tool for modeling the evolution of cancer from early stages to metastasis. Spheroids and organoids, the most adaptable models among 3D culture systems, are beginning to be used in pharmaceutical research and personalized medicine. In this article, we review the use of spheroids and organoids by highlighting their differences, discussing their impact on drug development, and looking at future challenges.
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26
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Kwon M, Rubio G, Nolan N, Auteri P, Volmar JA, Adem A, Javidian P, Zhou Z, Verzi MP, Pine SR, Libutti SK. FILIP1L Loss Is a Driver of Aggressive Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Mediates Cytokinesis Defects through PFDN1. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5523-5539. [PMID: 34417201 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploid mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MAC) is an aggressive subtype of colorectal cancer with poor prognosis. The tumorigenic mechanisms in aneuploid MAC are currently unknown. Here we show that downregulation of Filamin A-interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L) is a driver of MAC. Loss of FILIP1L increased xenograft growth, and, in colon-specific knockout mice, induced colonic epithelial hyperplasia and mucin secretion. The molecular chaperone prefoldin 1 (PFDN1) was identified as a novel binding partner of FILIP1L at the centrosomes throughout mitosis. FILIP1L was required for proper centrosomal localization of PFDN1 and regulated proteasome-dependent degradation of PFDN1. Importantly, increased PFDN1, caused by downregulation of FILIP1L, drove multinucleation and cytokinesis defects in vitro and in vivo, which were confirmed by time-lapse imaging and 3D cultures of normal epithelial cells. Overall, these findings suggest that downregulation of FILIP1L and subsequent upregulation of PFDN1 is a driver of the unique neoplastic characteristics in aggressive aneuploid MAC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies FILIP1L as a tumor suppressor in mucinous colon cancer and demonstrates that FILIP1L loss results in aberrant stabilization of a centrosome-associated chaperone protein to drive aneuploidy and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Kwon
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Genesaret Rubio
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nicholas Nolan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Peter Auteri
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jean Arly Volmar
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Asha Adem
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Parisa Javidian
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sharon R Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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27
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Goutas A, Trachana V. Stem cells' centrosomes: How can organelles identified 130 years ago contribute to the future of regenerative medicine? World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1177-1196. [PMID: 34630857 PMCID: PMC8474719 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At the core of regenerative medicine lies the expectation of repair or replacement of damaged tissues or whole organs. Donor scarcity and transplant rejection are major obstacles, and exactly the obstacles that stem cell-based therapy promises to overcome. These therapies demand a comprehensive understanding of the asymmetric division of stem cells, i.e. their ability to produce cells with identical potency or differentiated cells. It is believed that with better understanding, researchers will be able to direct stem cell differentiation. Here, we describe extraordinary advances in manipulating stem cell fate that show that we need to focus on the centrosome and the centrosome-derived primary cilium. This belief comes from the fact that this organelle is the vehicle that coordinates the asymmetric division of stem cells. This is supported by studies that report the significant role of the centrosome/cilium in orchestrating signaling pathways that dictate stem cell fate. We anticipate that there is sufficient evidence to place this organelle at the center of efforts that will shape the future of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa 41500, Biopolis, Greece
| | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa 41500, Biopolis, Greece.
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28
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Coinfection of Infant Tonsil Epithelium May Synergistically Promote both HIV-1 and HCMV Spread and Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:e0092121. [PMID: 34232730 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00921-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may occur during pregnancy, labor, or breastfeeding. These viruses from amniotic fluid, cervicovaginal secretions, and breast milk may simultaneously interact with oropharyngeal and tonsil epithelia; however, the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 and HCMV cotransmission through the oral mucosa and its role in MTCT are poorly understood. To study the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 and HCMV MTCT via oral epithelium, we established polarized infant tonsil epithelial cells and polarized-oriented ex vivo tonsil tissue explants. Using these models, we showed that cell-free HIV-1 and its proteins gp120 and tat induce the disruption of tonsil epithelial tight junctions and increase paracellular permeability, which facilitates HCMV spread within the tonsil mucosa. Inhibition of HIV-1 gp120-induced upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling in tonsil epithelial cells, reduces HCMV infection, indicating that HIV-1-activated MAPK and NF-κB signaling may play a critical role in HCMV infection of tonsil epithelium. HCMV infection of tonsil epithelial cells also leads to the disruption of tight junctions and increases paracellular permeability, facilitating HIV-1 paracellular spread into tonsil mucosa. HCMV-promoted paracellular spread of HIV-1 increases its accessibility to tonsil CD4 T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV-1-enhanced HCMV paracellular spread and infection of epithelial cells subsequently leads to the spread of HCMV to tonsil macrophages and dendritic cells. Our findings revealed that HIV-1- and HCMV-induced disruption of infant tonsil epithelial tight junctions promotes MTCT of these viruses through tonsil mucosal epithelium, and therapeutic intervention for both HIV-1 and HCMV infection may substantially reduce their MTCT. IMPORTANCE Most HIV-1 and HCMV MTCT occurs in infancy, and the cotransmission of these viruses may occur via infant oropharyngeal and tonsil epithelia, which are the first biological barriers for viral pathogens. We have shown that HIV-1 and HCMV disrupt epithelial junctions, reducing the barrier functions of epithelia and thus allowing paracellular penetration of both viruses via mucosal epithelia. Subsequently, HCMV infects epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and HIV-1 infects CD4+ lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Infection of these cells in HCMV- and HIV-1-coinfected tonsil tissues is much higher than that by HCMV or HIV-1 infection alone, promoting their MTCT at its initial stages via infant oropharyngeal and tonsil epithelia.
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29
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Role of Extracellular Vimentin in Cancer-Cell Functionality and Its Influence on Cell Monolayer Permeability Changes Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147469. [PMID: 34299089 PMCID: PMC8303762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein vimentin is secreted under various physiological conditions. Extracellular vimentin exists primarily in two forms: attached to the outer cell surface and secreted into the extracellular space. While surface vimentin is involved in processes such as viral infections and cancer progression, secreted vimentin modulates inflammation through reduction of neutrophil infiltration, promotes bacterial elimination in activated macrophages, and supports axonal growth in astrocytes through activation of the IGF-1 receptor. This receptor is overexpressed in cancer cells, and its activation pathway has significant roles in general cellular functions. In this study, we investigated the functional role of extracellular vimentin in non-tumorigenic (MCF-10a) and cancer (MCF-7) cells through the evaluation of its effects on cell migration, proliferation, adhesion, and monolayer permeability. Upon treatment with extracellular recombinant vimentin, MCF-7 cells showed increased migration, proliferation, and adhesion, compared to MCF-10a cells. Further, MCF-7 monolayers showed reduced permeability, compared to MCF-10a monolayers. It has been shown that the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can alter blood-brain barrier integrity. Surface vimentin also acts as a co-receptor between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the cell-surface angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Therefore, we also investigated the permeability of MCF-10a and MCF-7 monolayers upon treatment with extracellular recombinant vimentin, and its modulation of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. These findings show that binding of extracellular recombinant vimentin to the cell surface enhances the permeability of both MCF-10a and MCF-7 monolayers. However, with SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain addition, this effect is lost with MCF-7 monolayers, as the extracellular vimentin binds directly to the viral domain. This defines an influence of extracellular vimentin in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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30
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Paniagua AE, Segurado A, Dolón JF, Esteve-Rudd J, Velasco A, Williams DS, Lillo C. Key Role for CRB2 in the Maintenance of Apicobasal Polarity in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701853. [PMID: 34262913 PMCID: PMC8273544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apicobasal polarity is essential for epithelial cell function, yet the roles of different proteins in its completion is not fully understood. Here, we have studied the role of the polarity protein, CRB2, in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells during polarization in vitro, and in mature murine RPE cells in vivo. After establishing a simplified protocol for the culture of human fetal RPE cells, we studied the temporal sequence of the expression and localization of polarity and cell junction proteins during polarization in these epithelial cells. We found that CRB2 plays a key role in tight junction maintenance as well as in cell cycle arrest. In addition, our studies in vivo show that the knockdown of CRB2 in the RPE affects to the distribution of different apical polarity proteins and results in perturbed retinal homeostasis, manifested by the invasion of activated microglial cells into the subretinal space. Together our results demonstrate that CRB2 is a key protein for the development and maintenance of a polarized epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E. Paniagua
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, IBSAL, Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alicia Segurado
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, IBSAL, Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jorge F. Dolón
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, IBSAL, Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julián Esteve-Rudd
- Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Almudena Velasco
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, IBSAL, Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David S. Williams
- Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Concepción Lillo
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, IBSAL, Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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31
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Wang X, Wang W, Wang X, Wang M, Zhu L, Garba F, Fu C, Zieger B, Liu X, Liu X, Yao X. The septin complex links the catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton for establishing epithelial cell polarity. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:395-408. [PMID: 34143183 PMCID: PMC8436676 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is essential for spatially regulating of physiological processes in metazoans by which hormonal stimulation‒secretion coupling is precisely coupled for tissue homeostasis and organ communications. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial cell polarity establishment remain elusive. Here, we show that septin cytoskeleton interacts with catenin complex to organize a functional domain to separate apical from basal membranes in polarized epithelial cells. Using polarized epithelial cell monolayer as a model system with transepithelial electrical resistance as functional readout, our studies show that septins are essential for epithelial cell polarization. Our proteomic analyses discovered a novel septin‒catenin complex during epithelial cell polarization. The functional relevance of septin‒catenin complex was then examined in three-dimensional (3D) culture in which suppression of septins resulted in deformation of apical lumen in cysts, a hallmark seen in polarity-deficient 3D cultures and animals. Mechanistically, septin cytoskeleton stabilizes the association of adherens catenin complex with actin cytoskeleton, and depletion or disruption of septin cytoskeleton liberates adherens junction and polarity complexes into the cytoplasm. Together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for septin cytoskeleton in the polarization of the apical‒basal axis and lumen formation in polarized epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Keck Center for Organoids Plasticity Control, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Wenwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei 230027, China.,Keck Center for Organoids Plasticity Control, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xiwei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Keck Center for Organoids Plasticity Control, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fatima Garba
- Keck Center for Organoids Plasticity Control, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Keck Center for Organoids Plasticity Control, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Hefei 230027, China
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32
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Kedashiro S, Kameyama T, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 cooperatively regulate Hippo signaling-dependent SOX2 gene expression, enhancing anchorage-independent T47D cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7344. [PMID: 33795719 PMCID: PMC8016986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nectin-4, upregulated in various cancer cells, cis-interacts with ErbB2 and its trastuzumab-resistant splice variants, p95-ErbB2 and ErbB2∆Ex16, enhancing DNA synthesis through the PI3K-AKT signaling in human breast cancer T47D cells in an adherent culture. We found here that nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2, but not nectin-4 and either ErbB2 or ErbB2∆Ex16, cooperatively enhanced SOX2 gene expression and cell proliferation in a suspension culture. This enhancement of T47D cell proliferation in a suspension culture by nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 was dependent on the SOX2 gene expression. In T47D cells, nectin-4 and any one of p95-ErbB2, ErbB2, or ErbB2∆Ex16 cooperatively activated the PI3K-AKT signaling, known to induce the SOX2 gene expression, to similar extents. However, only a combination of nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2, but not that of nectin-4 and either ErbB2 or ErbB2∆Ex16, cooperatively enhanced the SOX2 gene expression. Detailed studies revealed that only nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2 cooperatively activated the Hippo signaling. YAP inhibited the SOX2 gene expression in this cell line and thus the MST1/2-LATS1/2 signaling-mediated YAP inactivation increased the SOX2 gene expression. These results indicate that only the combination of nectin-4 and p95-ErbB2, but not that of nectin-4 and either ErbB2 or ErbB2∆Ex16, cooperatively regulates the Hippo signaling-dependent SOX2 gene expression, enhancing anchorage-independent T47D cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kedashiro
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kameyama
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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33
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Architectural control of metabolic plasticity in epithelial cancer cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:371. [PMID: 33742081 PMCID: PMC7979883 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic plasticity enables cancer cells to switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to adapt to changing conditions during cancer progression, whereas metabolic dependencies limit plasticity. To understand a role for the architectural environment in these processes we examined metabolic dependencies of cancer cells cultured in flat (2D) and organotypic (3D) environments. Here we show that cancer cells in flat cultures exist in a high energy state (oxidative phosphorylation), are glycolytic, and depend on glucose and glutamine for growth. In contrast, cells in organotypic culture exhibit lower energy and glycolysis, with extensive metabolic plasticity to maintain growth during glucose or amino acid deprivation. Expression of KRASG12V in organotypic cells drives glucose dependence, however cells retain metabolic plasticity to glutamine deprivation. Finally, our data reveal that mechanical properties control metabolic plasticity, which correlates with canonical Wnt signaling. In summary, our work highlights that the architectural and mechanical properties influence cells to permit or restrict metabolic plasticity.
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34
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Zhu L, Yang X, Zhu R, Yu L. Identifying Discriminative Biological Function Features and Rules for Cancer-Related Long Non-coding RNAs. Front Genet 2021; 11:598773. [PMID: 33391350 PMCID: PMC7772407 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.598773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been a major public health problem worldwide for many centuries. Cancer is a complex disease associated with accumulative genetic mutations, epigenetic aberrations, chromosomal instability, and expression alteration. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that many non-coding transcripts, which are termed as non-coding RNAs, have important regulatory roles in cancer. In particular, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. Cancer-related lncRNAs serve as oncogenic factors or tumor suppressors. Although many lncRNAs are identified as potential regulators in tumorigenesis by using traditional experimental methods, they are time consuming and expensive considering the tremendous amount of lncRNAs needed. Thus, effective and fast approaches to recognize tumor-related lncRNAs should be developed. The proposed approach should help us understand not only the mechanisms of lncRNAs that participate in tumorigenesis but also their satisfactory performance in distinguishing cancer-related lncRNAs. In this study, we utilized a decision tree (DT), a type of rule learning algorithm, to investigate cancer-related lncRNAs with functional annotation contents [gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways] of their co-expressed genes. Cancer-related and other lncRNAs encoded by the key enrichment features of GO and KEGG filtered by feature selection methods were used to build an informative DT, which further induced several decision rules. The rules provided not only a new tool for identifying cancer-related lncRNAs but also connected the lncRNAs and cancers with the combinations of GO terms. Results provided new directions for understanding cancer-related lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liucun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Concord Medical Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Getachew D, Kaneda R, Saeki Y, Matsumoto A, Otani H. Morphologic changes in the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus during the conversion from pseudostratified single columnar to stratified squamous epithelium in the developing mouse esophagus. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2021; 61:14-24. [PMID: 32776381 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The apico-basal (AB) polarity of epithelial cells is maintained by organized arrays of the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus. We previously reported that mouse embryonic esophageal epithelium exhibits interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), an AB-polarity-based regulatory mechanism of stem-cell proliferation, and suggested that the pseudostratified single columnar epithelium, a hallmark of INM, is converted to stratified squamous epithelium via rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and cell-adhesion apparatus. Here, we chronologically examined morphological changes in the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus in the mouse esophageal epithelium at embryonic day (E) 11.5, E13.5, E14.5, and E15.5, during which epithelial conversion has been suggested to occur. We used phalloidin to examine the apical terminal web (ATW), immunofluorescent anti-zonula occludens protein (ZO-1) antibody to reveal ZO-1, and anti-gamma tubulin antibody to detect primary cilia (PC). At E11.5, a thick ATW, apically oriented ZO-1 and apical PC were observed, indicating a pseudostratified single columnar structure. At E13.5 and E14.5, the phalloidin-staining, ZO-1, and PC distribution patterns were not apically localized, and the epithelial cells appeared to have lost the AB polarity, suggesting conversion of the epithelial structure and cessation of INM. At E15.5, light and transmission electron microscope observations revealed the ATW, ZO-1, PC, and tight junction which were localized into two-1ayers: the apical and subapical layers of the epithelium. These findings suggest that dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus is involved in the conversion from pseudostratified single columnar to stratified squamous morphology and is closely related with temporal perturbation of the AB-polarity and cessation of INM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Getachew
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kaneda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuko Saeki
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
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Souza AGD, Bastos VAF, Fujimura PT, Ferreira ICC, Leal LF, da Silva LS, Laus AC, Reis RM, Martins MM, Santos PS, Corrêa NCR, Marangoni K, Thomé CH, Colli LM, Goulart LR, Goulart VA. Cell-free DNA promotes malignant transformation in non-tumor cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21674. [PMID: 33303880 PMCID: PMC7728762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA is present in different biological fluids and when released by tumor cells may contribute to pro-tumor events such as malignant transformation of cells adjacent to the tumor and metastasis. Thus, this study analyzed the effect of tumor cell-free DNA, isolated from the blood of prostate cancer patients, on non-tumor prostate cell lines (RWPE-1 and PNT-2). To achieve this, we performed cell-free DNA quantification and characterization assays, evaluation of gene and miRNA expression profiling focused on cancer progression and EMT, and metabolomics by mass spectrometry and cellular migration. The results showed that tumor-free cell DNA was able to alter the gene expression of MMP9 and CD44, alter the expression profile of nine miRNAs, and increased the tryptophan consumption and cell migration rates in non-tumor cells. Therefore, tumor cell-free DNA was capable of altering the receptor cell phenotype, triggering events related to malignant transformation in these cells, and can thus be considered a potential target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gomes de Souza
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Victor Alexandre F Bastos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Patricia Tieme Fujimura
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Izabella Cristina C Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Laus
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- 3ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mario Machado Martins
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Natássia C Resende Corrêa
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Karina Marangoni
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Hassibe Thomé
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Machado Colli
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Vivian Alonso Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Seldin L, Macara IG. DNA Damage Promotes Epithelial Hyperplasia and Fate Mis-specification via Fibroblast Inflammasome Activation. Dev Cell 2020; 55:558-573.e6. [PMID: 33058780 PMCID: PMC7725994 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA crosslinking agents are commonly used in cancer chemotherapy; however, responses of normal tissues to these agents have not been widely investigated. We reveal in mouse interfollicular epidermal, mammary and hair follicle epithelia that genotoxicity does not promote apoptosis but paradoxically induces hyperplasia and fate specification defects in quiescent stem cells. DNA damage to skin causes epithelial and dermal hyperplasia, tissue expansion, and proliferation-independent formation of abnormal K14/K10 dual-positive suprabasal cells. Unexpectedly, this behavior is epithelial cell non-autonomous and independent of an intact immune system. Instead, dermal fibroblasts are both necessary and sufficient to induce the epithelial response, which is mediated by activation of a fibroblast-specific NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β production. Thus, genotoxic agents that are used chemotherapeutically to promote cancer cell death can have the opposite effect on wild-type epithelia by inducing, via a non-autonomous IL-1β-driven mechanism, both hyperplasia and stem cell lineage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Seldin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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Ling J, Sckaff M, Tiwari M, Chen Y, Li J, Jones J, Sen GL. RAS-mediated suppression of PAR3 and its effects on SCC initiation and tissue architecture occur independently of hyperplasia. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.249102. [PMID: 33172988 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper epithelial development and homeostasis depends on strict control of oriented cell division. Current evidence shows that this process is regulated by intrinsic polarity factors and external spatial cues. Owing to the lack of an appropriate model system that can recapitulate the architecture of the skin, deregulation of spindle orientation in human epithelial carcinoma has never been investigated. Here, using an inducible model of human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we demonstrate that RAS-dependent suppression of PAR3 (encoded by PARD3) accelerates epithelial disorganization during early tumorigenesis. Diminished PAR3 led to loss of E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion, which in turn contributed to misoriented cell division. Pharmacological inhibition of the MAPK pathway downstream of RAS activation reversed the defects in PAR3 expression, E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and mitotic spindle orientation. Thus, temporal analysis of human neoplasia provides a powerful approach to study cellular and molecular transformations during early oncogenesis, which allowed identification of PAR3 as a critical regulator of tissue architecture during initial human SCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ling
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0869, USA
| | - Maria Sckaff
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0869, USA
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0869, USA
| | - Yifang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0869, USA
| | - Jingting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0869, USA
| | - Jackson Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0869, USA
| | - George L Sen
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0869, USA
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Dewey EB, Parra AS, Johnston CA. Loss of the spectraplakin gene Short stop induces a DNA damage response in Drosophila epithelia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20165. [PMID: 33214581 PMCID: PMC7677407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelia are an eminent tissue type and a common driver of tumorigenesis, requiring continual precision in cell division to maintain tissue structure and genome integrity. Mitotic defects often trigger apoptosis, impairing cell viability as a tradeoff for tumor suppression. Identifying conditions that lead to cell death and understanding the mechanisms behind this response are therefore of considerable importance. Here we investigated how epithelia of the Drosophila wing disc respond to loss of Short stop (Shot), a cytoskeletal crosslinking spectraplakin protein that we previously found to control mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome dynamics. In contrast to other known spindle-regulating genes, Shot knockdown induces apoptosis in the absence of Jun kinase (JNK) activation, but instead leads to elevated levels of active p38 kinase. Shot loss leads to double-strand break (DSB) DNA damage, and the apoptotic response is exacerbated by concomitant loss of p53. DSB accumulation is increased by suppression of the spindle assembly checkpoint, suggesting this effect results from chromosome damage during error-prone mitoses. Consistent with DSB induction, we found that the DNA damage and stress response genes, Growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD45) and Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1), are transcriptionally upregulated as part of the shot-induced apoptotic response. Finally, co-depletion of Shot and GADD45 induced significantly higher rates of chromosome segregation errors in cultured cells and suppressed shot-induced mitotic arrest. Our results demonstrate that epithelia are capable of mounting molecularly distinct responses to loss of different spindle-associated genes and underscore the importance of proper cytoskeletal organization in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Dewey
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Amalia S Parra
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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40
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Huxham J, Tabariès S, Siegel PM. Afadin (AF6) in cancer progression: A multidomain scaffold protein with complex and contradictory roles. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000221. [PMID: 33165933 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adherens (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ) maintain cell-cell adhesions and cellular polarity in normal tissues. Afadin, a multi-domain scaffold protein, is commonly found in both adherens and tight junctions, where it plays both structural and signal-modulating roles. Afadin is a complex modulator of cellular processes implicated in cancer progression, including signal transduction, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In keeping with the complexities associated with the roles of adherens and tight junctions in cancer, afadin exhibits both tumor suppressive and pro-metastatic functions. In this review, we will explore the dichotomous roles that afadin plays during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Huxham
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tiwari A, Swamynathan S, Jhanji V, Swamynathan SK. KLF4 Coordinates Corneal Epithelial Apical-Basal Polarity and Plane of Cell Division and Is Downregulated in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:15. [PMID: 32396634 PMCID: PMC7409308 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously, we demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) promotes corneal epithelial (CE) homeostasis by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGF-β signaling. As TGF-β affects epithelial apicobasal polarity (ABP) and plane of division, we investigated the role of KLF4 in these processes. Methods Klf4 was ablated in adult ternary transgenic Klf4Δ/ΔCE (Klf4LoxP/LoxP/Krt12rtTA/rtTA/Tet-O-Cre) mouse CE using doxycycline chow. ABP and plane of division markers’ expression in Klf4Δ/ΔCE and human ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) tissues relative to controls was evaluated by quantitative PCR, immunoblots, and/or immunofluorescent staining. Results Klf4Δ/ΔCE CE cells displayed downregulation of apical Pals1 and Crumbs1, apicolateral Par3, and basolateral Scribble, as well as upregulation of Rho family GTPase Cdc42, suggesting disruption of ABP. Phalloidin staining revealed that the Klf4Δ/ΔCE CE actin cytoskeleton is disrupted. Klf4Δ/ΔCE cells favored vertical plane of division within 67.5° to 90° of the CE basement membrane (39% and 47% of the dividing cells relative to 23% and 26% in the control based on phospho-histone-H3 and survivin, respectively), resulting in more dividing cells within the Klf4Δ/ΔCE CE as reported previously. KLF4 was downregulated in human OSSN tissues that displayed EMT and downregulation of PAR3, PALS1, and SCRIB, consistent with a protective role for KLF4. Conclusions By demonstrating that Klf4 ablation affects CE expression of ABP markers and Cdc42, cytoskeletal actin organization, and the plane of cell division and that KLF4 is downregulated in OSSN tissues that display EMT and lack ABP, these results elucidate the key integrative role of KLF4 in coordinating CE cell polarity and plane of division, loss of which results in OSSN.
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42
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Cell polarity and oncogenesis: common mutations contribute to altered cellular polarity and promote malignancy. THE NUCLEUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Kosheleva NV, Efremov YM, Shavkuta BS, Zurina IM, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Minaev NV, Gorkun AA, Wei S, Shpichka AI, Saburina IN, Timashev PS. Cell spheroid fusion: beyond liquid drops model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12614. [PMID: 32724115 PMCID: PMC7387529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological self-assembly is crucial in the processes of development, tissue regeneration, and maturation of bioprinted tissue-engineered constructions. The cell aggregates-spheroids-have become widely used model objects in the study of this phenomenon. Existing approaches describe the fusion of cell aggregates by analogy with the coalescence of liquid droplets and ignore the complex structural properties of spheroids. Here, we analyzed the fusion process in connection with structure and mechanical properties of the spheroids from human somatic cells of different phenotypes: mesenchymal stem cells from the limbal eye stroma and epithelial cells from retinal pigment epithelium. A nanoindentation protocol was applied for the mechanical measurements. We found a discrepancy with the liquid drop fusion model: the fusion was faster for spheroids from epithelial cells with lower apparent surface tension than for mesenchymal spheroids with higher surface tension. This discrepancy might be caused by biophysical processes such as extracellular matrix remodeling in the case of mesenchymal spheroids and different modes of cell migration. The obtained results will contribute to the development of more realistic models for spheroid fusion that would further provide a helpful tool for constructing cell aggregates with required properties both for fundamental studies and tissue reparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia V Kosheleva
- FSBSI "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", 8, Baltiyskaya st., Moscow, 125315, Russia.
- FSBEI FPE "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, 2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 12-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Yuri M Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boris S Shavkuta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 2, Pionerskaya st., Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
| | - Irina M Zurina
- FSBSI "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", 8, Baltiyskaya st., Moscow, 125315, Russia
- FSBEI FPE "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, 2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Deying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest University Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nikita V Minaev
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 2, Pionerskaya st., Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Gorkun
- FSBSI "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", 8, Baltiyskaya st., Moscow, 125315, Russia
- FSBEI FPE "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, 2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Anastasia I Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Irina N Saburina
- FSBSI "Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", 8, Baltiyskaya st., Moscow, 125315, Russia
- FSBEI FPE "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, 2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 2, Pionerskaya st., Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4, Kosygin st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1‑3, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Tait CM, Chinnaiya K, Manning E, Murtaza M, Ashton JP, Furley N, Hill CJ, Alves CH, Wijnholds J, Erdmann KS, Furley A, Rashbass P, Das RM, Storey KG, Placzek M. Crumbs2 mediates ventricular layer remodelling to form the spinal cord central canal. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000470. [PMID: 32150534 PMCID: PMC7108746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the spinal cord, the central canal forms through a poorly understood process termed dorsal collapse that involves attrition and remodelling of pseudostratified ventricular layer (VL) cells. Here, we use mouse and chick models to show that dorsal ventricular layer (dVL) cells adjacent to dorsal midline Nestin(+) radial glia (dmNes+RG) down-regulate apical polarity proteins, including Crumbs2 (CRB2) and delaminate in a stepwise manner; live imaging shows that as one cell delaminates, the next cell ratchets up, the dmNes+RG endfoot ratchets down, and the process repeats. We show that dmNes+RG secrete a factor that promotes loss of cell polarity and delamination. This activity is mimicked by a secreted variant of Crumbs2 (CRB2S) which is specifically expressed by dmNes+RG. In cultured MDCK cells, CRB2S associates with apical membranes and decreases cell cohesion. Analysis of Crb2F/F/Nestin-Cre+/- mice, and targeted reduction of Crb2/CRB2S in slice cultures reveal essential roles for transmembrane CRB2 (CRB2TM) and CRB2S on VL cells and dmNes+RG, respectively. We propose a model in which a CRB2S-CRB2TM interaction promotes the progressive attrition of the dVL without loss of overall VL integrity. This novel mechanism may operate more widely to promote orderly progenitor delamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Tait
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiya
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Manning
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Ashton
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Furley
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Hill
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - C Henrique Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kai S Erdmann
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Furley
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Rashbass
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Raman M Das
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kate G Storey
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Marysia Placzek
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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45
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Manning L, Holmes J, Bonin K, Vidi PA. Radial Profile Analysis of Epithelial Polarity in Breast Acini: A Tool for Primary (Breast) Cancer Prevention. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:314. [PMID: 31998733 PMCID: PMC6970192 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing cancer is vastly better than treating the disease in terms of a patient's quality of life and healthcare costs. Yet, to screen for chemopreventative drugs or evaluate interventions aimed at lowering cancer risk, quantitative readouts of risk are needed. In the breast and in other organs of epithelial origin, apical-basal polarity is key to homeostasis and is one of the first tissue characteristics lost during cancer initiation. Therefore, apical-basal polarity may be leveraged as an "architectural" determinant of cancer risk. A classic approach to quantify the localization of epithelial polarity markers is visual scoring at the microscope by trained investigators. This approach is time-intensive and limited to low throughput. To increase the speed, accuracy, and scoring volume, we developed an algorithm that essentially replaces the human eye to objectively quantify epithelial polarity in microscopy images of breast glandular units (acini). Acini in culture are identified based on a nuclear stain and the corresponding masks are divided into concentric terraces of equal width. This positional information is used to calculate radial intensity profiles (RP) of polarity markers. Profiles with a steep slope represent polarized structures, whereas more horizontal curves are indicative of non-polarized acini. To compare treatment effects, RP curves are integrated into summary values of polarity. We envision applications of this method for primary cancer prevention research with acini organoids, specifically (1) to screen for chemoprevention drugs, (2) for toxicological assessment of suspected carcinogens and pharmacological hit compounds, and (3) for personalized evaluation of cancer risk and risk-reducing interventions. The RadialProfiler algorithm developed for the MATLAB computing environment and for users without prior informatics knowledge is publicly available on the Open Science Framework (OSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawton Manning
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Julia Holmes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Keith Bonin
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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46
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Strube F, Infanger M, Dietz C, Romswinkel A, Kraus A. Short-term effects of simulated microgravity on morphology and gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Physiol Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
Microgravity has been shown to impose various effects on breast cancer cells. We exposed human breast cancer cells to simulated microgravity and studied morphology and alterations in gene expression.
Materials and methods
Human breast cancer cells were exposed to simulated microgravity in a random positioning machine (RPM) for 24 h. Morphology was observed under light microscopy, and gene alteration was studied by qPCR.
Results
After 24 h, formation of three-dimensional structures (spheroids) occurred. BRCA1 expression was significantly increased (1.9×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity compared to the control. Expression of KRAS was significantly decreased (0.6×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells compared to the control. VCAM1 was significantly upregulated (6.6×, 2.0×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. VIM expression was significantly downregulated (0.45×, 0.44×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. There was no significant alteration in the expression of MAPK1, MMP13, PTEN, and TP53.
Conclusions
Simulated microgravity induces spheroid formation in human breast cancer cells within 24 h and alters gene expression toward modified adhesion properties, enhanced cell repair, and phenotype preservation. Further insights into the underlying mechanisms could open up the way toward new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strube
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Infanger
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - C Dietz
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Romswinkel
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Kraus
- 1 Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Hanumantharao SN, Que CA, Vogl BJ, Rao S. Engineered Three-Dimensional Scaffolds Modulating Fate of Breast Cancer Cells Using Stiffness and Morphology Related Cell Adhesion. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1:41-48. [PMID: 35402960 PMCID: PMC8979620 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2020.2965084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal: Artificially engineering the tumor microenvironment in vitro as a vital tool for understanding the mechanism of tumor progression. In this study, we developed three-dimensional cell scaffold systems with different topographical features and mechanical properties but similar surface chemistry. The cell behavior was modulated by the topography and mechanical properties of the scaffold. Methods: Adenocarcinoma (MCF7), triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) and premalignant (MCF10AneoT) breast cancer cells were seeded on the scaffold systems. The cell viability, cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix interactions were analyzed. The preferential growth and alignment of specific population of cells were demonstrated. Results: Among the different scaffolds, triple-negative breast cancer cells preferred honeycomb scaffolds while adenocarcinoma cells favored mesh scaffolds and premalignant cells preferred the aligned scaffolds. Conclusions: The 3D model system developed here can be used to support growth of only specific cell populations or for the growth of tumors. This model can be used for understanding the topographical and mechanical features affecting tumorigenesis, cancer cell growth and migration behavior of malignant and metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Smitha Rao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
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Wang M, Wang W, Ding J, Wang J, Zhang J. Downregulation of Rab17 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer through STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling. Thorac Cancer 2019; 11:379-388. [PMID: 31841274 PMCID: PMC6997001 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rab GTPases play a key role in regulating intercellular vesicle trafficking in both exo- and endocytic pathways. Recent studies have reported that Rab small GTPases and the associated regulatory proteins and effectors are involved in many cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological role of Rab17 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the relative mechanism. METHODS Rab17 expression in human NSCLC cell lines and tissues was evaluated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. NSCLC cell lines with RAB17 stable knockdown were generated to explore its function in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the potential mechanism of Rab17 by identifying the expression levels of STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway using western blot analysis. RESULTS Decreased Rab17 expression was correlated with poor overall survival in NSCLC patients. The functional assays showed that knockdown of Rab17 could promote tumorigenic properties of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo, including enhanced cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration, angiogenesis and tumor xenograft growth, and suppressed apoptosis. Moreover, Rab17 downregulation decreased epithelial marker E-cadherin and increased mesenchymal markers Vimentin and β-catenin, suggesting knockdown of Rab17 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSION Downregulation of Rab17 promotes cell invasion and enhances tumorigenicity in part through the STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway, which may represent a novel potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingmin Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiashun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lovegrove HE, Bergstralh DT, St Johnston D. The role of integrins in Drosophila egg chamber morphogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.182774. [PMID: 31784458 PMCID: PMC6918751 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila egg chamber comprises a germline cyst surrounded by a tightly organised epithelial monolayer, the follicular epithelium (FE). Loss of integrin function from the FE disrupts epithelial organisation at egg chamber termini, but the cause of this phenotype remains unclear. Here, we show that the β-integrin Myospheroid (Mys) is only required during early oogenesis when the pre-follicle cells form the FE. Mutation of mys disrupts both the formation of a monolayered epithelium at egg chamber termini and the morphogenesis of the stalk between adjacent egg chambers, which develops through the intercalation of two rows of cells into a single-cell-wide stalk. Secondary epithelia, like the FE, have been proposed to require adhesion to the basement membrane to polarise. However, Mys is not required for pre-follicle cell polarisation, as both follicle and stalk cells localise polarity factors correctly, despite being mispositioned. Instead, loss of integrins causes pre-follicle cells to constrict basally, detach from the basement membrane and become internalised. Thus, integrin function is dispensable for pre-follicle cell polarity but is required to maintain cellular organisation and cell shape during morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel St Johnston
- The Gurdon Institute and the Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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The Initial Stage of Tumorigenesis in Drosophila Epithelial Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31520350 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer development originates in a single mutant cell transformed from a normal cell, including further evolution of pro-tumor cells through additional mutations into malignant cancer tissues. Data from recent studies, however, suggest that most pro-tumor cells do not develop into tumors but remain dormant within or are prophylactically eliminated from tissues unless bestowed with additional driver mutations. Drosophila melanogaster has provided very efficient model systems, such as imaginal discs and ovarian follicular epithelia, to study the initial stage of tumorigenesis. This review will focus on the behaviors of emerging pro-tumor cells surrounded by normal cells and situations where they initiate tumor development.
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