1
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Masuda K, Sakurai T, Hirano A. A coupled model between circadian, cell-cycle, and redox rhythms reveals their regulation of oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15479. [PMID: 38969743 PMCID: PMC11226698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Most organisms possess three biological oscillators, circadian clock, cell cycle, and redox rhythm, which are autonomous but interact each other. However, whether their interactions and autonomy are beneficial for organisms remains unclear. Here, we modeled a coupled oscillator system where each oscillator affected the phase of the other oscillators. We found that multiple types of coupling prevent a high H2O2 level in cells at M phase. Consequently, we hypothesized a high H2O2 sensitivity at the M phase and found that moderate coupling reduced cell damage due to oxidative stress by generating appropriate phase relationships between three rhythms, whereas strong coupling resulted in an elevated cell damage by increasing the average H2O2 level and disrupted the cell cycle. Furthermore, the multicellularity model revealed that phase variations among cells confer flexibility in synchronization with environments at the expense of adaptability to the optimal environment. Thus, both autonomy and synchrony among the oscillators are important for coordinating their phase relationships to minimize oxidative stress, and couplings balance them depending on environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Masuda
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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2
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Butler CT, Rodgers AM, Curtis AM, Donnelly RF. Chrono-tailored drug delivery systems: recent advances and future directions. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1756-1775. [PMID: 38416386 PMCID: PMC11153310 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence a range of biological processes within the body, with the central clock or suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain synchronising peripheral clocks around the body. These clocks are regulated by external cues, the most influential being the light/dark cycle, in order to synchronise with the external day. Chrono-tailored or circadian drug delivery systems (DDS) aim to optimise drug delivery by releasing drugs at specific times of day to align with circadian rhythms within the body. Although this approach is still relatively new, it has the potential to enhance drug efficacy, minimise side effects, and improve patient compliance. Chrono-tailored DDS have been explored and implemented in various conditions, including asthma, hypertension, and cancer. This review aims to introduce the biology of circadian rhythms and provide an overview of the current research on chrono-tailored DDS, with a particular focus on immunological applications and vaccination. Finally, we draw on some of the key challenges which need to be overcome for chrono-tailored DDS before they can be translated to more widespread use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Butler
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- The Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7B, UK
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Curtis Clock Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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3
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Zeng Y, Guo Z, Wu M, Chen F, Chen L. Circadian rhythm regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of tumors. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:199. [PMID: 38678017 PMCID: PMC11055927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost all cells and play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes. Maintaining a stable circadian rhythm is essential for overall health. Disruption of this rhythm can alter the expression of clock genes and cancer-related genes, and affect many metabolic pathways and factors, thereby affecting the function of the immune system and contributing to the occurrence and progression of tumors. This paper aims to elucidate the regulatory effects of BMAL1, clock and other clock genes on immune cells, and reveal the molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm's involvement in tumor and its microenvironment regulation. A deeper understanding of circadian rhythms has the potential to provide new strategies for the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zichan Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Chawla S, Oster H, Duffield GE, Maronde E, Guido ME, Chabot C, Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Provencio I, Goel N, Youngstedt SD, Zi-Ching Mak N, Caba M, Nikhat A, Chakrabarti S, Wang L, Davis SJ. Reflections on Several Landmark Advances in Circadian Biology. J Circadian Rhythms 2024; 22:1. [PMID: 38617711 PMCID: PMC11011952 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian Biology intersects with diverse scientific domains, intricately woven into the fabric of organismal physiology and behavior. The rhythmic orchestration of life by the circadian clock serves as a focal point for researchers across disciplines. This retrospective examination delves into several of the scientific milestones that have fundamentally shaped our contemporary understanding of circadian rhythms. From deciphering the complexities of clock genes at a cellular level to exploring the nuances of coupled oscillators in whole organism responses to stimuli. The field has undergone significant evolution lately guided by genetics approaches. Our exploration here considers key moments in the circadian-research landscape, elucidating the trajectory of this discipline with a keen eye on scientific advancements and paradigm shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center for Brain, Behavior & Metabolism (CBBM), University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, DE
| | - Giles E. Duffield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, Galvin Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, US
| | - Erik Maronde
- Institut für Anatomie II, Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai-7, 60590 Frankfurt, DE
| | - Mario E. Guido
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, AR
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, AR
| | - Christopher Chabot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH 03264, US
| | - Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya
- Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Univ Lyon, UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1, 18 Avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69500, Bron, FR
| | - Ignacio Provencio
- Department of Biology and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, US
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Shawn D. Youngstedt
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, US
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, US
| | | | - Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Ver., MX
| | - Anjoom Nikhat
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, IN
| | - Shaon Chakrabarti
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, IN
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, CN
| | - Seth J. Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO105DD, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, CN
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5
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Wang Y, Narasimamurthy R, Qu M, Shi N, Guo H, Xue Y, Barker N. Circadian regulation of cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment during metastasis. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:546-556. [PMID: 38654103 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates daily rhythms of numerous physiological activities through tightly coordinated modulation of gene expression and biochemical functions. Circadian disruption is associated with enhanced tumor formation and metastasis via dysregulation of key biological processes and modulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their specialized microenvironment. Here, we review how the circadian clock influences CSCs and their local tumor niches in the context of different stages of tumor metastasis. Identifying circadian therapeutic targets could facilitate the development of new treatments that leverage circadian modulation to ablate tumor-resident CSCs, inhibit tumor metastasis and enhance response to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rajesh Narasimamurthy
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Qu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Nuolin Shi
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuezhen Xue
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Zhou Q, Wang R, Su Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Qin X. The molecular circadian rhythms regulating the cell cycle. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30539. [PMID: 38372014 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls the expression of a large proportion of protein-coding genes in mammals and can modulate a wide range of physiological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that disruption or dysregulation of the circadian clock is involved in the development and progression of several diseases, including cancer. The cell cycle is considered to be the fundamental process related to cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that the circadian clock can control the expression of a large number of genes related to the cell cycle. This article reviews the mechanism of cell cycle-related genes whose chromatin regulatory elements are rhythmically occupied by core circadian clock transcription factors, while their RNAs are rhythmically expressed. This article further reviews the identified oscillatory cell cycle-related genes in higher organisms such as baboons and humans. The potential functions of these identified genes in regulating cell cycle progression are also discussed. Understanding how the molecular clock controls the expression of cell cycle genes will be beneficial for combating and treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunxia Su
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Modern Experiment Technology Center, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ximing Qin
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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7
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Liu XL, Duan Z, Yu M, Liu X. Epigenetic control of circadian clocks by environmental signals. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00028-X. [PMID: 38423855 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Circadian clocks have evolved to enable organisms to respond to daily environmental changes. Maintaining a robust circadian rhythm under various perturbations and stresses is essential for the fitness of an organism. In the core circadian oscillator conserved in eukaryotes (from fungi to mammals), a negative feedback loop based on both transcription and translation drives circadian rhythms. The expression of circadian clock genes depends both on the binding of transcription activators at the promoter and on the chromatin state of the clock genes, and epigenetic modifications of chromatin are crucial for transcriptional regulation of circadian clock genes. Herein we review current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of circadian clock mechanisms and discuss how environmental cues can control clock gene expression by affecting chromatin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zeyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Muqun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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8
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Rojo D, Dal Cengio L, Badner A, Kim S, Sakai N, Greene J, Dierckx T, Mehl LC, Eisinger E, Ransom J, Arellano-Garcia C, Gumma ME, Soyk RL, Lewis CM, Lam M, Weigel MK, Damonte VM, Yalçın B, Jones SE, Ollila HM, Nishino S, Gibson EM. BMAL1 loss in oligodendroglia contributes to abnormal myelination and sleep. Neuron 2023; 111:3604-3618.e11. [PMID: 37657440 PMCID: PMC10873033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Myelination depends on the maintenance of oligodendrocytes that arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We show that OPC-specific proliferation, morphology, and BMAL1 are time-of-day dependent. Knockout of Bmal1 in mouse OPCs during development disrupts the expression of genes associated with circadian rhythms, proliferation, density, morphology, and migration, leading to changes in OPC dynamics in a spatiotemporal manner. Furthermore, these deficits translate into thinner myelin, dysregulated cognitive and motor functions, and sleep fragmentation. OPC-specific Bmal1 loss in adulthood does not alter OPC density at baseline but impairs the remyelination of a demyelinated lesion driven by changes in OPC morphology and migration. Lastly, we show that sleep fragmentation is associated with increased prevalence of the demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a link between MS and sleep that requires further investigation. These findings have broad mechanistic and therapeutic implications for brain disorders that include both myelin and sleep phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Louisa Dal Cengio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Badner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noriaki Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob Greene
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tess Dierckx
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lindsey C Mehl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ella Eisinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia Ransom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caroline Arellano-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad E Gumma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca L Soyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheyanne M Lewis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mable Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maya K Weigel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Valentina Martinez Damonte
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Belgin Yalçın
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erin M Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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9
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Siebieszuk A, Sejbuk M, Witkowska AM. Studying the Human Microbiota: Advances in Understanding the Fundamentals, Origin, and Evolution of Biological Timekeeping. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16169. [PMID: 38003359 PMCID: PMC10671191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently observed circadian oscillations of the intestinal microbiota underscore the profound nature of the human-microbiome relationship and its importance for health. Together with the discovery of circadian clocks in non-photosynthetic gut bacteria and circadian rhythms in anucleated cells, these findings have indicated the possibility that virtually all microorganisms may possess functional biological clocks. However, they have also raised many essential questions concerning the fundamentals of biological timekeeping, its evolution, and its origin. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent literature in molecular chronobiology, aiming to bring together the latest evidence on the structure and mechanisms driving microbial biological clocks while pointing to potential applications of this knowledge in medicine. Moreover, it discusses the latest hypotheses regarding the evolution of timing mechanisms and describes the functions of peroxiredoxins in cells and their contribution to the cellular clockwork. The diversity of biological clocks among various human-associated microorganisms and the role of transcriptional and post-translational timekeeping mechanisms are also addressed. Finally, recent evidence on metabolic oscillators and host-microbiome communication is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Siebieszuk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Monika Sejbuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland;
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10
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Bolshette N, Ibrahim H, Reinke H, Asher G. Circadian regulation of liver function: from molecular mechanisms to disease pathophysiology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:695-707. [PMID: 37291279 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of liver functions are regulated daily by the liver circadian clock and via systemic circadian control by other organs and cells within the gastrointestinal tract as well as the microbiome and immune cells. Disruption of the circadian system, as occurs during jetlag, shift work or an unhealthy lifestyle, is implicated in several liver-related pathologies, ranging from metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to liver malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma. In this Review, we cover the molecular, cellular and organismal aspects of various liver pathologies from a circadian viewpoint, and in particular how circadian dysregulation has a role in the development and progression of these diseases. Finally, we discuss therapeutic and lifestyle interventions that carry health benefits through support of a functional circadian clock that acts in synchrony with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Bolshette
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hussam Ibrahim
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Reinke
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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11
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Zhao D, Dong Y, Duan M, He D, Xie Q, Peng W, Cui W, Jiang J, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Tang F, Zhang C, Gao Y, Duan C. Circadian gene ARNTL initiates circGUCY1A2 transcription to suppress non-small cell lung cancer progression via miR-200c-3p/PTEN signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:229. [PMID: 37667322 PMCID: PMC10478228 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a subclass of endogenous stable noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs are beginning to be appreciated for their potential as tumor therapeutics. However, the functions and mechanisms by which circRNAs exert protective functions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely elusive. METHODS The prognostic role of circGUCY1A2 was explored in lung adenocarcinoma specimens. The overexpressed and knockdown plasmids were used to evaluate the effect of circGUCY1A2 on NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis efficacy. Luciferase reporter system is used to prove that circGUCY1A2 could bind to miRNA. Chip-PCR was used to prove that circGUCY1A2 could be initiated by transcription factors ARNTL. Subcutaneous tumorigenicity grafts models were established to validate findings in vivo. RESULTS The expression of circGUCY1A2 were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with tumor size (P < 0.05) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CircGUCY1A2 upregulation promoted apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation and growth of subcutaneous tumorigenicity grafts in nude mice (P < 0.01). In addition, intra-tumor injection of pLCDH-circGUCY1A2 inhibited tumor growth in patient-derived NSCLC xenograft models (PDX). Mechanism studies showed that circGUCY1A2 could act as a sponge to competitively bind miR-200c-3p, promote PTEN expression, and thereby inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, we found that the circadian gene ARNTL, which was reduced in NSCLC and prolonged the overall survival of patients, could bind to the promoter of circGUCY1A2, thereby increasing its expression. CONCLUSIONS This study is an original demonstration that ARNTL can inhibit the development of lung adenocarcinoma through the circGUCY1A2/miR-200c-3p/PTEN axis, and this finding provides potential targets and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deze Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yeping Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310011, China
| | - Minghao Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dan He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Xie
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Weifang Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanda Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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12
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Draijer S, Timmerman R, Pannekeet J, van Harten A, Farshadi EA, Kemmer J, van Gilst D, Chaves I, Hoekman MFM. FoxO3 Modulates Circadian Rhythms in Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13662. [PMID: 37686468 PMCID: PMC10563086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both FoxO transcription factors and the circadian clock act on the interface of metabolism and cell cycle regulation and are important regulators of cellular stress and stem cell homeostasis. Importantly, FoxO3 preserves the adult neural stem cell population by regulating cell cycle and cellular metabolism and has been shown to regulate circadian rhythms in the liver. However, whether FoxO3 is a regulator of circadian rhythms in neural stem cells remains unknown. Here, we show that loss of FoxO3 disrupts circadian rhythmicity in cultures of neural stem cells, an effect that is mediated via regulation of Clock transcriptional levels. Using Rev-Erbα-VNP as a reporter, we then demonstrate that loss of FoxO3 does not disrupt circadian rhythmicity at the single cell level. A meta-analysis of published data revealed dynamic co-occupancy of multiple circadian clock components within FoxO3 regulatory regions, indicating that FoxO3 is a Clock-controlled gene. Finally, we examined proliferation in the hippocampus of FoxO3-deficient mice and found that loss of FoxO3 delayed the circadian phase of hippocampal proliferation, indicating that FoxO3 regulates correct timing of NSC proliferation. Taken together, our data suggest that FoxO3 is an integral part of circadian regulation of neural stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swip Draijer
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Raissa Timmerman
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Jesse Pannekeet
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Alexandra van Harten
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Elham Aida Farshadi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julius Kemmer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Demy van Gilst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inês Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco F. M. Hoekman
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
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13
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Astone M, Oberkersch RE, Tosi G, Biscontin A, Santoro MM. The circadian protein BMAL1 supports endothelial cell cycle during angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1952-1968. [PMID: 37052172 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The circadian clock is an internal biological timer that co-ordinates physiology and gene expression with the 24-h solar day. Circadian clock perturbations have been associated to vascular dysfunctions in mammals, and a function of the circadian clock in angiogenesis has been suggested. However, the functional role of the circadian clock in endothelial cells (ECs) and in the regulation of angiogenesis is widely unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we used both in vivo and in vitro approaches to demonstrate that ECs possess an endogenous molecular clock and show robust circadian oscillations of core clock genes. By impairing the EC-specific function of the circadian clock transcriptional activator basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (BMAL1) in vivo, we detect angiogenesis defects in mouse neonatal vascular tissues, as well as in adult tumour angiogenic settings. We then investigate the function of circadian clock machinery in cultured EC and show evidence that BMAL and circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput knock-down impair EC cell cycle progression. By using an RNA- and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing genome-wide approaches, we identified that BMAL1 binds the promoters of CCNA1 and CDK1 genes and controls their expression in ECs. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings show that EC display a robust circadian clock and that BMAL1 regulates EC physiology in both developmental and pathological contexts. Genetic alteration of BMAL1 can affect angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roxana E Oberkersch
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Biscontin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Cancer Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
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14
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Xu W, Li X. Regulation of Pol II Pausing during Daily Gene Transcription in Mouse Liver. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1107. [PMID: 37626993 PMCID: PMC10452108 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell autonomous circadian oscillation is present in central and various peripheral tissues. The intrinsic tissue clock and various extrinsic cues drive gene expression rhythms. Transcription regulation is thought to be the main driving force for gene rhythms. However, how transcription rhythms arise remains to be fully characterized due to the fact that transcription is regulated at multiple steps. In particular, Pol II recruitment, pause release, and premature transcription termination are critical regulatory steps that determine the status of Pol II pausing and transcription output near the transcription start site (TSS) of the promoter. Recently, we showed that Pol II pausing exhibits genome-wide changes during daily transcription in mouse liver. In this article, we review historical as well as recent findings on the regulation of transcription rhythms by the circadian clock and other transcription factors, and the potential limitations of those results in explaining rhythmic transcription at the TSS. We then discuss our results on the genome-wide characteristics of daily changes in Pol II pausing, the possible regulatory mechanisms involved, and their relevance to future research on circadian transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
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15
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Pan Y, van der Watt PJ, Kay SA. E-box binding transcription factors in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1223208. [PMID: 37601651 PMCID: PMC10437117 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1223208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
E-boxes are important regulatory elements in the eukaryotic genome. Transcription factors can bind to E-boxes through their basic helix-loop-helix or zinc finger domain to regulate gene transcription. E-box-binding transcription factors (EBTFs) are important regulators of development and essential for physiological activities of the cell. The fundamental role of EBTFs in cancer has been highlighted by studies on the canonical oncogene MYC, yet many EBTFs exhibit common features, implying the existence of shared molecular principles of how they are involved in tumorigenesis. A comprehensive analysis of TFs that share the basic function of binding to E-boxes has been lacking. Here, we review the structure of EBTFs, their common features in regulating transcription, their physiological functions, and their mutual regulation. We also discuss their converging functions in cancer biology, their potential to be targeted as a regulatory network, and recent progress in drug development targeting these factors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steve A. Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Lv J, Liao S, Li B, Pan L, Wang R. Scheduling radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the corresponding time window can reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis: A randomized, prospective study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16032-16040. [PMID: 37537945 PMCID: PMC10469752 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore a new method to reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis by scheduling radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the corresponding time window of the cycle of oral mucosal cells. METHODS Eighty-two NPC patients were randomly divided into a day group (n = 41) and a night group (n = 41). The radiotherapy was scheduled at noon (11:30-15:30) for the day group, while at night (19:00-23:00) for the night group. Oral mucositis and oral pain were recorded in both groups after each radiotherapy fraction. The short-term efficacy of primary tumor regression, weight loss, and bone marrow suppression was recorded. RESULTS The incidence of Grade 2 oral mucositis was 87.8% (36/41) and 63.4% (26/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p = 0.010). The incidence of Grade 3 oral mucositis was 65.9% (27/41) and 22.0% (9/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean number of radiotherapy for patients to develop Grade 2 oral mucositis was 15.67 ± 5.05 and 20.92 ± 6.21 in the night group and day group, respectively. The incidence of Grade 2 oral pain was 48.8% (20/41) and 22.0% (9/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences in tumor regression, weight loss, and bone marrow suppression between the two groups. CONCLUSION By scheduling radiotherapy based on the corresponding time window of the cycle of oral mucosal cells, the severity of oral mucositis in NPC patients was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lv
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shibin Liao
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Bo Li
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Linjiang Pan
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of RadiotherapyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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17
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Rezaeian AH, Dang F, Wei W. The circadian clock, aging and its implications in cancer. Neoplasia 2023; 41:100904. [PMID: 37148656 PMCID: PMC10192918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clock orchestrates the intergenic biochemical, physiological and behavioral changes to form an approximate 24h oscillation through the transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL). Mechanistically, a heterodimer of transcriptional activator formed by BMAL1 and CLOCK, governs the expression of its transcriptional repressors, CRY, PER and REV-ERBα/β proteins, thereby controlling more than 50 % of protein encoding genes in human. There is also increasing evidence showing that tumor microenvironment can disrupt specific clock gene functions to facilitate tumorigenesis. Although there is great progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock, aging and cancer, elucidating their complex relationships among these processes remains challenging. Herein, the optimization of the chronochemotherapy regimen has not been justified yet for treatment of cancer. Here, we discuss the hypothesis of relocalization of chromatin modifiers (RCM) along with function(s) of the circadian rhythm on aging and carcinogenesis. We will also introduce the function of the chromatin remodeling as a new avenue for rejuvenation of competent tissues to combat aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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18
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Sato S, Hishida T, Kinouchi K, Hatanaka F, Li Y, Nguyen Q, Chen Y, Wang PH, Kessenbrock K, Li W, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Sassone-Corsi P. The circadian clock CRY1 regulates pluripotent stem cell identity and somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112590. [PMID: 37261952 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct metabolic conditions rewire circadian-clock-controlled signaling pathways leading to the de novo construction of signal transduction networks. However, it remains unclear whether metabolic hallmarks unique to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are connected to clock functions. Reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state, here we highlighted non-canonical functions of the circadian repressor CRY1 specific to PSCs. Metabolic reprogramming, including AMPK inactivation and SREBP1 activation, was coupled with the accumulation of CRY1 in PSCs. Functional assays verified that CRY1 is required for the maintenance of self-renewal capacity, colony organization, and metabolic signatures. Genome-wide occupancy of CRY1 identified CRY1-regulatory genes enriched in development and differentiation in PSCs, albeit not somatic cells. Last, cells lacking CRY1 exhibit differential gene expression profiles during induced PSC (iPSC) reprogramming, resulting in impaired iPSC reprogramming efficiency. Collectively, these results suggest the functional implication of CRY1 in pluripotent reprogramming and ontogenesis, thereby dictating PSC identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fumiaki Hatanaka
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yumay Chen
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ping H Wang
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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19
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Ortega-Campos SM, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Amiama-Roig A, Blanco JR, Carnero A. Interactions of circadian clock genes with the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188900. [PMID: 37105413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery of the circadian clock regulates the expression of many genes and processes in the organism, allowing the adaptation of cellular activities to the daily light-dark cycles. Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to various pathologies, including cancer. Thus, disturbance of the normal circadian clock at both genetic and environmental levels has been described as an independent risk factor for cancer. In addition, researchers have proposed that circadian genes may have a tissue-dependent and/or context-dependent role in tumorigenesis and may function both as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Finally, circadian clock core genes may trigger or at least be involved in different hallmarks of cancer. Hence, expanding the knowledge of the molecular basis of the circadian clock would be helpful to identify new prognostic markers of tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ortega-Campos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Amiama-Roig
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño 26006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - José R Blanco
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño 26006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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20
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Coskun A, Zarepour A, Zarrabi A. Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076275. [PMID: 37047252 PMCID: PMC10094461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of biomolecules in living systems shows numerous systematic and random variations. Systematic variations can be classified based on the frequency of variations as ultradian (<24 h), circadian (approximately 24 h), and infradian (>24 h), which are partly predictable. Random biological variations are known as between-subject biological variations that are the variations among the set points of an analyte from different individuals and within-subject biological variation, which is the variation of the analyte around individuals’ set points. The random biological variation cannot be predicted but can be estimated using appropriate measurement and statistical procedures. Physiological rhythms and random biological variation of the analytes could be considered the essential elements of predictive, preventive, and particularly personalized laboratory medicine. This systematic review aims to summarize research that have been done about the types of physiological rhythms, biological variations, and their effects on laboratory tests. We have searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for biological variation and physiological rhythm articles in English without time restrictions with the terms “Biological variation, Within-subject biological variation, Between-subject biological variation, Physiological rhythms, Ultradian rhythms, Circadian rhythm, Infradian rhythms”. It was concluded that, for effective management of predicting, preventing, and personalizing medicine, which is based on the safe and valid interpretation of patients’ laboratory test results, both physiological rhythms and biological variation of the measurands should be considered simultaneously.
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21
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Clements A, Shibuya Y, Hokugo A, Brooks Z, Roca Y, Kondo T, Nishimura I, Jarrahy R. In vitro assessment of Neuronal PAS domain 2 mitigating compounds for scarless wound healing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1014763. [PMID: 36816724 PMCID: PMC9928850 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1014763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The core circadian gene Neuronal PAS domain 2 (NPAS2) is expressed in dermal fibroblasts and has been shown to play a critical role in regulating collagen synthesis during wound healing. We have performed high throughput drug screening to identify genes responsible for downregulation of Npas2 while maintaining cell viability. From this, five FDA-approved hit compounds were shown to suppress Npas2 expression in fibroblasts. In this study, we hypothesize that the therapeutic suppression of Npas2 by hit compounds will have two effects: (1) attenuated excessive collagen deposition and (2) accelerated dermal wound healing without hypertrophic scarring. Materials and methods To test the effects of each hit compound (named Dwn1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), primary adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) were treated with either 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 μM of a single hit compound. HDFa behaviors were assessed by picrosirius red staining and quantitative RT-PCR for in vitro collagen synthesis, cell viability assay, in vitro fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation test, and cell migration assays. Results Dwn1 and Dwn2 were found to significantly affect collagen synthesis and cell migration without any cytotoxicity. Dwn3, Dwn4, and Dwn5 did not affect collagen synthesis and were thereby eliminated from further consideration for their role in mitigation of gene expression or myofibroblast differentiation. Dwn1 also attenuated myofibroblast differentiation on HDFa. Conclusion Dwn1 and Dwn2 may serve as possible therapeutic agents for future studies related to skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Clements
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yoichiro Shibuya
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Akishige Hokugo,
| | - Zachary Brooks
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yvonne Roca
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Ichiro Nishimura,
| | - Reza Jarrahy
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Reza Jarrahy,
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22
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Qu M. Molecular crosstalk between circadian clock and cancer and therapeutic implications. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143001. [PMID: 36937362 PMCID: PMC10017454 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock governs activity of many physiological processes, thereby playing a pivotal role in human health. Circadian disruption is closely associated with cancer development; in particular, recent discoveries have provided strong evidence supporting specific functions of different molecular clock components in either promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the existing data on molecular connections between the clock and cancer. These results along with future efforts pave the road to targeting the circadian clock as a novel pathway for therapeutic intervention. Given the implications of chrono-nutrition interventions such as time-restricted feeding in extending lifespan, chrono-nutrition may have preventive and therapeutic applications for individuals with and at-risk of age-related diseases including cancer.
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23
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Stanton D, Justin HS, Reitzel AM. Step in Time: Conservation of Circadian Clock Genes in Animal Evolution. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1503-1518. [PMID: 36073444 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms responsible for circadian phenotypes of animals have been studied in increasing detail in mammals, some insects, and other invertebrates. Particular circadian proteins and their interactions are shared across evolutionary distant animals, resulting in a hypothesis for the canonical circadian clock of animals. As the number of species for which the circadian clockwork has been described increases, the circadian clock in animals driving cyclical phenotypes becomes less similar. Our focus in this review is to develop and synthesize the current literature to better understand the antiquity and evolution of the animal circadian clockwork. Here, we provide an updated understanding of circadian clock evolution in animals, largely through the lens of conserved genes characterized in the circadian clock identified in bilaterian species. These comparisons reveal extensive variation within the likely composition of the core clock mechanism, including losses of many genes, and that the ancestral clock of animals does not equate to the bilaterian clock. Despite the loss of these core genes, these species retain circadian behaviors and physiology, suggesting novel clocks have evolved repeatedly. Additionally, we highlight highly conserved cellular processes (e.g., cell division, nutrition) that intersect with the circadian clock of some animals. The conservation of these processes throughout the animal tree remains essentially unknown, but understanding their role in the evolution and maintenance of the circadian clock will provide important areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stanton
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Hannah S Justin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte NC 28223, USA
| | - Adam M Reitzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte NC 28223, USA
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Zhang H, Shan G, Jin X, Yu X, Bi G, Feng M, Wang H, Lin M, Zhan C, Wang Q, Li M. ARNTL2 is an indicator of poor prognosis, promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inhibits ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101562. [PMID: 36228410 PMCID: PMC9563212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ARNTL2, as a circadian transcription factor, has been recently proposed to play an important role in a variety of tumors. however, the role of ARNTL2 in lung carcinogenesis and progression remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ARNTL2 on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and to explore the relationship between ARNTL2 and EMT, ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database's multi-omics data were downloaded using the Xena browser. Based on the expression levels of ARNTL2, patients with lung adenocarcinoma from TCGA were divided into two groups: those with high ARNTL2 expression and those with low ARNTL2 expression. ARNTL2 was studied for its effects on lung adenocarcinoma's clinicopathological, genomic, and immunological characteristics. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro assays were used to confirm the impact of ARNLT2 knockdown on lung adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS We found ARNTL2 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and was an independent predictor of a poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, we demonstrated that knockdown of ARNTL2 promoted ferroptosis, inhibited EMT, cell proliferation, migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. In contrast, overexpressing ARNTL2 yielded the opposite results. CONCLUSIONS ARNTL2 is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma. It plays a facilitating role in the development of lung adenocarcinoma, especially in promoting EMT and inhibiting ferroptosis, revealing that ARNTL2 may be a potential biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital/Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - GuoShu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Potential Role of the Circadian Clock in the Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214181. [PMID: 36430659 PMCID: PMC9698777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, including sleep/wake cycles as well as hormonal, immune, metabolic, and cell proliferation rhythms, are fundamental biological processes driven by a cellular time-keeping system called the circadian clock. Disruptions in these rhythms due to genetic alterations or irregular lifestyles cause fundamental changes in physiology, from metabolism to cellular proliferation and differentiation, resulting in pathological consequences including cancer. Cancer cells are not uniform and static but exist as different subtypes with phenotypic and functional differences in the tumor microenvironment. At the top of the heterogeneous tumor cell hierarchy, cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing and multi-potent cancer cell type, are most responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis, chemoresistance, and mortality. Phenotypically, CSCs are associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers cancer cells with increased motility and invasion ability that is characteristic of malignant and drug-resistant stem cells. Recently, emerging studies of different cancer types, such as glioblastoma, leukemia, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, suggest that the circadian clock plays an important role in the maintenance of CSC/EMT characteristics. In this review, we describe recent discoveries regarding how tumor intrinsic and extrinsic circadian clock-regulating factors affect CSC evolution, highlighting the possibility of developing novel chronotherapeutic strategies that could be used against CSCs to fight cancer.
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Mammalian PERIOD2 regulates H2A.Z incorporation in chromatin to orchestrate circadian negative feedback. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:549-562. [PMID: 35606517 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian circadian oscillators are built on a feedback loop in which the activity of the transcription factor CLOCK-BMAL1 is repressed by the PER-CRY complex. Here, we show that murine Per-/- fibroblasts display aberrant nucleosome occupancy around transcription start sites (TSSs) and at promoter-proximal and distal CTCF sites due to impaired histone H2A.Z deposition. Knocking out H2A.Z mimicked the Per null chromatin state and disrupted cellular rhythms. We found that endogenous mPER2 complexes retained CTCF as well as the specific H2A.Z-deposition chaperone YL1-a component of the ATP-dependent remodeler SRCAP and p400-TIP60 complex. While depleting YL1 or mutating chaperone-binding sites on H2A.Z lengthened the circadian period, H2A.Z deletion abrogated BMAL1 chromatin recruitment and promoted its proteasomal degradation. We propose that a PER2-mediated H2A.Z deposition pathway (1) compacts CLOCK-BMAL1 binding sites to establish negative feedback, (2) organizes circadian chromatin landscapes using CTCF and (3) bookmarks genomic loci for BMAL1 binding to impinge on the positive arm of the subsequent cycle.
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Damato AR, Herzog ED. Circadian clock synchrony and chronotherapy opportunities in cancer treatment. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 126:27-36. [PMID: 34362656 PMCID: PMC8810901 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell-autonomous, tissue-specific circadian rhythms in gene expression and cellular processes have been observed throughout the human body. Disruption of daily rhythms by mistimed exposure to light, food intake, or genetic mutation has been linked to cancer development. Some medications are also more effective at certain times of day. However, a limited number of clinical studies have examined daily rhythms in the patient or drug timing as treatment strategies. This review highlights advances and challenges in cancer biology as a function of time of day. Recent evidence for daily rhythms and their entrainment in tumors indicate that personalized medicine should include understanding and accounting for daily rhythms in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Damato
- Department of Biology, Washington University, Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Erik D Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University, Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Ribas-Latre A, Eckel-Mahan K. Nutrients and the Circadian Clock: A Partnership Controlling Adipose Tissue Function and Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:2084. [PMID: 35631227 PMCID: PMC9147080 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a metabolic organ with flexibility to retract and expand based on energy storage and utilization needs, processes that are driven via the coordination of different cells within adipose tissue. WAT is comprised of mature adipocytes (MA) and cells of the stromal vascular cell fraction (SVF), which include adipose progenitor cells (APCs), adipose endothelial cells (AEC) and infiltrating immune cells. APCs have the ability to proliferate and undergo adipogenesis to form MA, the main constituents of WAT being predominantly composed of white, triglyceride-storing adipocytes with unilocular lipid droplets. While adiposity and adipose tissue health are controlled by diet and aging, the endogenous circadian (24-h) biological clock of the body is highly active in adipose tissue, from adipocyte progenitor cells to mature adipocytes, and may play a unique role in adipose tissue health and function. To some extent, 24-h rhythms in adipose tissue rely on rhythmic energy intake, but individual circadian clock proteins are also thought to be important for healthy fat. Here we discuss how and why the clock might be so important in this metabolic depot, and how temporal and qualitative aspects of energy intake play important roles in maintaining healthy fat throughout aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Goldbeter A, Yan J. Multi-synchronization and other patterns of multi-rhythmicity in oscillatory biological systems. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20210089. [PMID: 35450278 PMCID: PMC9016794 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While experimental and theoretical studies have established the prevalence of rhythmic behaviour at all levels of biological organization, less common is the coexistence between multiple oscillatory regimes (multi-rhythmicity), which has been predicted by a variety of models for biological oscillators. The phenomenon of multi-rhythmicity involves, most commonly, the coexistence between two (birhythmicity) or three (trirhythmicity) distinct regimes of self-sustained oscillations. Birhythmicity has been observed experimentally in a few chemical reactions and in biological examples pertaining to cardiac cell physiology, neurobiology, human voice patterns and ecology. The present study consists of two parts. We first review the mechanisms underlying multi-rhythmicity in models for biochemical and cellular oscillations in which the phenomenon was investigated over the years. In the second part, we focus on the coupling of the cell cycle and the circadian clock and show how an additional source of multi-rhythmicity arises from the bidirectional coupling of these two cellular oscillators. Upon bidirectional coupling, the two oscillatory networks generally synchronize in a unique manner characterized by a single, common period. In some conditions, however, the two oscillators may synchronize in two or three different ways characterized by distinct waveforms and periods. We refer to this type of multi-rhythmicity as ‘multi-synchronization’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Goldbeter
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yan
- Center for Systems Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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30
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Wu X, Bos IST, Conlon TM, Ansari M, Verschut V, van der Koog L, Verkleij LA, D’Ambrosi A, Matveyenko A, Schiller HB, Königshoff M, Schmidt M, Kistemaker LEM, Yildirim AÖ, Gosens R. A transcriptomics-guided drug target discovery strategy identifies receptor ligands for lung regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9949. [PMID: 35319981 PMCID: PMC8942365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no pharmacological treatment targeting defective tissue repair in chronic disease. Here, we used a transcriptomics-guided drug target discovery strategy using gene signatures of smoking-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and from mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke, identifying druggable targets expressed in alveolar epithelial progenitors, of which we screened the function in lung organoids. We found several drug targets with regenerative potential, of which EP and IP prostanoid receptor ligands had the most profound therapeutic potential in restoring cigarette smoke-induced defects in alveolar epithelial progenitors in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found, using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, that circadian clock and cell cycle/apoptosis signaling pathways were differentially expressed in alveolar epithelial progenitor cells in patients with COPD and in a relevant model of COPD, which was prevented by prostaglandin E2 or prostacyclin mimetics. We conclude that specific targeting of EP and IP receptors offers therapeutic potential for injury to repair in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - I. Sophie T. Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas M. Conlon
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD)/Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD)/Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Vicky Verschut
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Aquilo BV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luke van der Koog
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lars A. Verkleij
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Angela D’Ambrosi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Herbert B. Schiller
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD)/Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Loes E. M. Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Aquilo BV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD)/Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Zampetidis CP, Papantonis A, Gorgoulis VG. Escape from senescence: revisiting cancer therapeutic strategies. Mol Cell Oncol 2022; 9:2030158. [PMID: 35252554 PMCID: PMC8890391 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2022.2030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although senescence has been considered as an irreversible cell arrest state, accumulating evidence challenge this view. Consequently, senescence appears as an imperfect barrier to impede cancer progression, constituting a step prior to disease relapse. Therefore, cancer treatment strategies may benefit if revisited to include senolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos P. Zampetidis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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32
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Chronoradiobiology of Breast Cancer: The Time Is Now to Link Circadian Rhythm and Radiation Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031331. [PMID: 35163264 PMCID: PMC8836288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has been linked to cancer development, progression, and radiation response. Clinical evidence to date shows that circadian genetic variation and time of treatment affect radiation response and toxicity for women with breast cancer. At the molecular level, there is interplay between circadian clock regulators such as PER1, which mediates ATM and p53-mediated cell cycle gating and apoptosis. These molecular alterations may govern aggressive cancer phenotypes, outcomes, and radiation response. Exploiting the various circadian clock mechanisms may enhance the therapeutic index of radiation by decreasing toxicity, increasing disease control, and improving outcomes. We will review the body’s natural circadian rhythms and clock gene-regulation while exploring preclinical and clinical evidence that implicates chronobiological disruptions in the etiology of breast cancer. We will discuss radiobiological principles and the circadian regulation of DNA damage responses. Lastly, we will present potential rational therapeutic approaches that target circadian pathways to improve outcomes in breast cancer. Understanding the implications of optimal timing in cancer treatment and exploring ways to entrain circadian biology with light, diet, and chronobiological agents like melatonin may provide an avenue for enhancing the therapeutic index of radiotherapy.
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33
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Cui S, Chen Y, Guo Y, Chen D. Clock genes and gastric cancer. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.2020993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yunfei Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Dahu Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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34
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Goodenow D, Greer AJ, Cone SJ, Gaddameedhi S. Circadian effects on UV-induced damage and mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108413. [PMID: 35690416 PMCID: PMC9188652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer in the United States, and while most of these malignancies are highly treatable, treatment costs still exceed $8 billion annually. Over the last 50 years, the annual incidence of skin cancer has steadily grown; therefore, understanding the environmental factors driving these types of cancer is a prominent research-focus. A causality between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and skin cancer is well-established, but exposure to UVR alone is not necessarily sufficient to induce carcinogenesis. The emerging field of circadian biology intersects strongly with the physiological systems of the mammalian body and introduces a unique opportunity for analyzing mechanisms of homeostatic disruption. The circadian clock refers to the approximate 24-hour cycle, in which protein levels of specific clock-controlled genes (CCGs) fluctuate based on the time of day. Though these CCGs are tissue specific, the skin has been observed to have a robust circadian clock that plays a role in its response to UVR exposure. This in-depth review will detail the mechanisms of the circadian clock and its role in cellular homeostasis. Next, the skin's response to UVR exposure and its induction of DNA damage and mutations will be covered - with an additional focus placed on how the circadian clock influences this response through nucleotide excision repair. Lastly, this review will discuss current models for studying UVR-induced skin lesions and perturbations of the circadian clock, as well as the impact of these factors on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Goodenow
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Adam J Greer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sean J Cone
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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35
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Circadian and chemotherapy-related changes in urinary modified nucleosides excretion in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24015. [PMID: 34907230 PMCID: PMC8671418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary levels of modified nucleosides reflect nucleic acids turnover and can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring tumour circadian dynamics, and treatment responses in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In 39 patients, median overnight urinary excretion of LC-HRMS determinations of pseudouridine, was ~ tenfold as large as those of 1-methylguanosine, 1-methyladenosine, or 4-acetylcytidine, and ~ 100-fold as large as those of adenosine and cytidine. An increase in any nucleoside excretion after chemotherapy anticipated plasma carcinoembryonic antigen progression 1–2 months later and was associated with poor survival. Ten fractionated urines were collected over 2-days in 29 patients. The median value of the rhythm-adjusted mean of urinary nucleoside excretion varied from 64.3 for pseudouridine down to 0.61 for cytidine. The rhythm amplitudes relative to the 24-h mean of 6 nucleoside excretions were associated with rest duration, supporting a tight link between nucleosides turnover and the rest-activity rhythm. Moreover, the amplitude of the 1-methylguanosine rhythm was correlated with the rest-activity dichotomy index, a significant predictor of survival outcome in prior studies. In conclusion, urinary excretion dynamics of modified nucleosides appeared useful for the characterization of the circadian control of cellular proliferation and for tracking early responses to treatments in colorectal cancer patients.
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Tampakakis E, Gangrade H, Glavaris S, Htet M, Murphy S, Lin BL, Liu T, Saberi A, Miyamoto M, Kowalski W, Mukouyama YS, Lee G, Minichiello L, Kwon C. Heart neurons use clock genes to control myocyte proliferation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh4181. [PMID: 34851661 PMCID: PMC8635446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurons can regulate the development, pathogenesis, and regeneration of target organs. However, the role of neurons during heart development and regeneration remains unclear. We genetically inhibited sympathetic innervation in vivo, which resulted in heart enlargement with an increase in cardiomyocyte number. Transcriptomic and protein analysis showed down-regulation of the two clock gene homologs Period1/Period2 (Per1/Per2) accompanied by up-regulation of cell cycle genes. Per1/Per2 deletion increased heart size and cardiomyocyte proliferation, recapitulating sympathetic neuron–deficient hearts. Conversely, increasing sympathetic activity by norepinephrine treatment induced Per1/Per2 and suppressed cardiomyocyte proliferation. We further found that the two clock genes negatively regulate myocyte mitosis entry through the Wee1 kinase pathway. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown link between cardiac neurons and clock genes in regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size and provide mechanistic insights for developing neuromodulation strategies for cardiac regen5eration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Harshi Gangrade
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie Glavaris
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Myo Htet
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Cellular, and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian Leei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amir Saberi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Cellular, and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William Kowalski
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Cellular, and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Circadian clock and cell cycle: Cancer and chronotherapy. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151816. [PMID: 34800857 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that ensures that various physiological processes have nearly 24 h circadian rhythms, including cell metabolism, division, apoptosis, and tumor production. In addition, results from animal models and molecular studies underscore emerging links between the cell cycle and the circadian clock. Mutations in the core genes of the circadian clock' can disrupt the cell cycle, which in turn increases the possibility of tumors. At present, tumor chronotherapy, which relies on a circadian clock mechanism, is developing rapidly for optimizing the time of drug administration in tumor treatment to improve drug efficacy and safety. However, the relationship between the circadian clock and the cell cycle is extremely complicated. This review summarizes the possible connection between the circadian clock and the cell cycle. In addition, the review provides evidence of the influence of the circadian clock on senescence and cancer.
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Jing Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Ouyang J, Hu L, Yang Q, Wang M, Zhang B, Loor JJ. Circadian Gene PER2 Silencing Downregulates PPARG and SREBF1 and Suppresses Lipid Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121226. [PMID: 34943141 PMCID: PMC8698707 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study was constructed to determine the effects of the core circadian clock gene, Period 2 (PER2), on lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Data revealed that PER2-regulated genes were involved in fatty acid de novo synthesis, desaturation, TAG accumulation, and lipid droplet secretion in primary BMECs, partly by inhibiting PPARG and SREBF1. Our overall data suggests that PER2 in bovine mammary cells plays a role in regulating milk fat synthesis directly, or via the activation of the transcription regulators PPARG and SREBF1. This study provides molecular evidence underscoring a link between the circadian clock and lipid metabolism in bovines. Abstract PER2, a circadian clock gene, is associated with mammary gland development and lipid synthesis in rodents, partly via regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). Whether such a type of molecular link existed in bovines was unclear. We hypothesized that PER2 was associated with lipid metabolism and regulated cell cycles and apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). To test this hypothesis, BMECs isolated from three mid-lactation (average 110 d postpartum) cows were used. The transient transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit PER2 transcription in primary BMECs. The silencing of PER2 led to lower concentrations of cellular lipid droplets and triacylglycerol along with the downregulation of lipogenic-related genes such as ACACA, FASN, LPIN1, and SCD, suggesting an overall inhibition of lipogenesis and desaturation. The downregulation of PPARG and SREBF1 in response to PER2 silencing underscored the importance of circadian clock signaling and the transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis. Although the proliferation of BMECs was not influenced by PER2 silencing, the number of cells in the G2/GM phase was upregulated. PER2 silencing did not affect cell apoptosis. Overall, the data provided evidence that PER2 participated in the coordination of mammary lipid metabolism and was potentially a component of the control of lipid droplets and TAG synthesis in ruminant mammary cells. The present data suggested that such an effect could occur through direct effects on transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.J.); (Q.Y.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (L.H.)
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (L.H.)
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (L.H.)
| | - Jialiang Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (L.H.)
| | - Liangyu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (L.H.)
| | - Qingyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.J.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (B.Z.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.J.); (Q.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (B.Z.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (B.Z.); (J.J.L.)
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Wei S, Zheng Q, Pan Y, Xu Y, Tang J, Cai X. Interplay between liver circadian rhythm and regeneration after PHx. Genomics 2021; 114:1-8. [PMID: 34822968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal oscillations in gene expression are a hallmark of the liver internal clock and can be regulated by a variety of environmental stimuli. The circadian rhythm and liver regeneration (LR) are intimately linked. However, how they affect each other at the transcriptomic level is mainly unknown. Here, we revealed that partial hepatectomy (PHx)-induced LR led to reprogramming of rhythmic gene expression profiles as a consequence of disrupted BMAL1 occupation on the chromatin, while the rhythm of core clock genes remained robust. Furthermore, we demonstrated retarded LR when PHx was carried out in the evening, possibly due to the accumulation of DEC1. In summary, our data offer a broad perspective of the relationship between circadian rhythm and LR and suggest that the timing of PHx should be considered in the clinic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunwan Xu
- Shenzhen NeoCura Biotechnology corporation, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiacheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, 310016 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 311121 Hangzhou,China.
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40
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Circadian Alterations Increase with Progression in a Patient-Derived Cell Culture Model of Breast Cancer. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:598-608. [PMID: 34842634 PMCID: PMC8628750 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption can elicit the development of various diseases, including breast cancer. While studies have used cell lines to study correlations between altered circadian rhythms and cancer, these models have different genetic backgrounds and do not mirror the changes that occur with disease development. Isogenic cell models can recapitulate changes across cancer progression. Hence, in this study, a patient-derived breast cancer model, the 21T series, was used to evaluate changes to circadian oscillations of core clock protein transcription as cells progress from normal to malignant states. Three cell lines were used: H16N2 (normal breast epithelium), 21PT (atypical ductal hyperplasia), and 21MT-1 (invasive metastatic carcinoma). The cancerous cells are both HER2+. We assessed the transcriptional profiles of two core clock proteins, BMAL1 and PER2, which represent a positive and negative component of the molecular oscillator. In the normal H16N2 cells, both genes possessed rhythmic mRNA oscillations with close to standard periods and phases. However, in the cancerous cells, consistent changes were observed: both genes had periods that deviated farther from normal and did not have an anti-phase relationship. In the future, mechanistic studies should be undertaken to determine the oncogenic changes responsible for the circadian alterations found.
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Cai YD, Chiu JC. Timeless in animal circadian clocks and beyond. FEBS J 2021; 289:6559-6575. [PMID: 34699674 PMCID: PMC9038958 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TIMELESS (TIM) was first identified as a molecular cog in the Drosophila circadian clock. Almost three decades of investigations have resulted in an insightful model describing the critical role of Drosophila TIM (dTIM) in circadian timekeeping in insects, including its function in mediating light entrainment and temperature compensation of the molecular clock. Furthermore, exciting discoveries on its sequence polymorphism and thermosensitive alternative RNA splicing have also established its role in regulating seasonal biology. Although mammalian TIM (mTIM), its mammalian paralog, was first identified as a potential circadian clock component in 1990s due to sequence similarity to dTIM, its role in clock regulation has been more controversial. Mammalian TIM has now been characterized as a DNA replication fork component and has been shown to promote fork progression and participate in cell cycle checkpoint signaling in response to DNA damage. Despite defective circadian rhythms displayed by mtim mutants, it remains controversial whether the regulation of circadian clocks by mTIM is direct, especially given the interconnection between the cell cycle and circadian clocks. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the identification of animal tim genes, summarize the roles of TIM proteins in biological timing and genomic stability, and draw parallels between dTIM and mTIM despite apparent functional divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao D Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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42
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Hesse J, Martinelli J, Aboumanify O, Ballesta A, Relógio A. A mathematical model of the circadian clock and drug pharmacology to optimize irinotecan administration timing in colorectal cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5170-5183. [PMID: 34630937 PMCID: PMC8477139 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scheduling anticancer drug administration over 24 h may critically impact treatment success in a patient-specific manner. Here, we address personalization of treatment timing using a novel mathematical model of irinotecan cellular pharmacokinetics and -dynamics linked to a representation of the core clock and predict treatment toxicity in a colorectal cancer (CRC) cellular model. The mathematical model is fitted to three different scenarios: mouse liver, where the drug metabolism mainly occurs, and two human colorectal cancer cell lines representing an in vitro experimental system for human colorectal cancer progression. Our model successfully recapitulates quantitative circadian datasets of mRNA and protein expression together with timing-dependent irinotecan cytotoxicity data. The model also discriminates time-dependent toxicity between the different cells, suggesting that treatment can be optimized according to their cellular clock. Our results show that the time-dependent degradation of the protein mediating irinotecan activation, as well as an oscillation in the death rate may play an important role in the circadian variations of drug toxicity. In the future, this model can be used to support personalized treatment scheduling by predicting optimal drug timing based on the patient's gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Hesse
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg - University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg 20457, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Julien Martinelli
- INSERM U900, Saint-Cloud, France, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France, Paris Saclay University, France, MINES ParisTech, CBIO - Centre for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,UPR 'Chronotherapy, Cancers and Transplantation', Faculty of Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Campus CNRS, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif, France.,Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Ouda Aboumanify
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Annabelle Ballesta
- INSERM U900, Saint-Cloud, France, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France, Paris Saclay University, France, MINES ParisTech, CBIO - Centre for Computational Biology, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,UPR 'Chronotherapy, Cancers and Transplantation', Faculty of Medicine, Paris Saclay University, Campus CNRS, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg - University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg 20457, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are biological timing mechanisms that generate 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior, exemplified by cycles of sleep/wake, hormone release, and metabolism. The adaptive value of clocks is evident when internal body clocks and daily environmental cycles are mismatched, such as in the case of shift work and jet lag or even mistimed eating, all of which are associated with physiological disruption and disease. Studies with animal and human models have also unraveled an important role of functional circadian clocks in modulating cellular and organismal responses to physiological cues (ex., food intake, exercise), pathological insults (e.g. virus and parasite infections), and medical interventions (e.g. medication). With growing knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying circadian physiology and pathophysiology, it is becoming possible to target circadian rhythms for disease prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in circadian research and the potential for therapeutic applications that take patient circadian rhythms into account in treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yool Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Jeffrey M Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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44
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He J, Jiao X, Sun X, Huang Y, Xu P, Xue Y, Fu T, Liu J, Li Z. Short-Term High Fructose Intake Impairs Diurnal Oscillations in the Murine Cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:22. [PMID: 34415987 PMCID: PMC8383902 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Endogenous and exogenous stressors, including nutritional challenges, may alter circadian rhythms in the cornea. This study aimed to determine the effects of high fructose intake (HFI) on circadian homeostasis in murine cornea. Methods Corneas of male C57BL/6J mice subjected to 10 days of HFI (15% fructose in drinking water) were collected at 3-hour intervals over a 24-hour circadian cycle. Total extracted RNA was subjected to high-throughput RNA sequencing. Rhythmic transcriptional data were analyzed to determine the phase, rhythmicity, unique signature, metabolic pathways, and cell signaling pathways of transcripts with temporally coordinated expression. Corneas of HFI mice were collected for whole-mounted techniques after immunofluorescent staining to quantify mitotic cell number in the epithelium and trafficking of neutrophils and γδ-T cells to the limbal region over a circadian cycle. Results HFI significantly reprogrammed the circadian transcriptomic profiles of the normal cornea and reorganized unique temporal and clustering enrichment pathways, but did not affect core-clock machinery. HFI altered the distribution pattern and number of corneal epithelial mitotic cells and enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and γδ-T cell immune cells to the limbus across a circadian cycle. Cell cycle, immune function, metabolic processes, and neuronal-related transcription and associated pathways were altered in the corneas of HFI mice. Conclusions HFI significantly reprograms diurnal oscillations in the cornea based on temporal and spatial distributions of epithelial mitosis, immune cell trafficking, and cell signaling pathways. Our findings reveal novel molecular targets for treating pathologic alterations in the cornea after HFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin He
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Huang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyang Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology and Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Epigenetics has enriched human disease studies by adding new interpretations to disease features that cannot be explained by genetic and environmental factors. However, identifying causal mechanisms of epigenetic origin has been challenging. New opportunities have risen from recent findings in intra-individual and cyclical epigenetic variation, which includes circadian epigenetic oscillations. Cytosine modifications display deterministic temporal rhythms, which may drive ageing and complex disease. Temporality in the epigenome, or the 'chrono' dimension, may help the integration of epigenetic, environmental and genetic disease studies, and reconcile several disparities stemming from the arbitrarily delimited research fields. The ultimate goal of chrono-epigenetics is to predict disease risk, age of onset and disease dynamics from within individual-specific temporal dynamics of epigenomes.
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46
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Koritala BSC, Conroy Z, Smith DF. Circadian Biology in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1082. [PMID: 34199193 PMCID: PMC8231795 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex process that can lead to the dysregulation of the molecular clock, as well as 24 h rhythms of sleep and wake, blood pressure, and other associated biological processes. Previous work has demonstrated crosstalk between the circadian clock and hypoxia-responsive pathways. However, even in the absence of OSA, disrupted clocks can exacerbate OSA-associated outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular or cognitive outcomes). As we expand our understanding of circadian biology in the setting of OSA, this information could play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA. Here, we summarize the pre-existing knowledge of circadian biology in patients with OSA and examine the utility of circadian biomarkers as alternative clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala S. C. Koritala
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Zachary Conroy
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - David F. Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms causes decreased health and fitness, and evidence from multiple organisms links clock disruption to dysregulation of the cell cycle. However, the function of circadian regulation for the essential process of DNA replication remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, a model organism with the simplest known circadian oscillator, the clock generates rhythms in DNA replication to minimize the number of open replication forks near dusk that would have to complete after sunset. Metabolic rhythms generated by the clock ensure that resources are available early at night to support any remaining replication forks. Combining mathematical modeling and experiments, we show that metabolic defects caused by clock-environment misalignment result in premature replisome disassembly and replicative abortion in the dark, leaving cells with incomplete chromosomes that persist through the night. Our study thus demonstrates that a major function of this ancient clock in cyanobacteria is to ensure successful completion of genome replication in a cycling environment.
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48
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Ruby CL, Major RJ, Hinrichsen RD. Regulation of tissue regeneration by the circadian clock. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3576-3597. [PMID: 33893679 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are regulated by a highly conserved transcriptional/translational feedback loop that maintains approximately 24-hr periodicity from cellular to organismal levels. Much research effort is being devoted to understanding how the outputs of the master clock affect peripheral oscillators, and in turn, numerous biological processes. Recent studies have revealed roles for circadian timing in the regulation of numerous cellular behaviours in support of complex tissue regeneration. One such role involves the interaction between the circadian clockwork and the cell cycle. The molecular mechanisms that control the cell cycle create a system of regulation that allows for high fidelity DNA synthesis, mitosis and apoptosis. In recent years, it has become clear that clock gene products are required for proper DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, and conversely, elements of the cell cycle cascade feedback to influence molecular circadian timing mechanisms. It is through this crosstalk that the circadian system orchestrates stem cell proliferation, niche exit and control of the signalling pathways that govern differentiation and self-renewal. In this review, we discuss the evidence for circadian control of tissue homeostasis and repair and suggest new avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ruby
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Major
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
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Peroxiredoxins couple metabolism and cell division in an ultradian cycle. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:477-484. [PMID: 33574615 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Redox cycles have been reported in ultradian, circadian and cell cycle-synchronized systems. Redox cycles persist in the absence of transcription and cyclin-CDK activity, indicating that cells harbor multiple coupled oscillators. Nonetheless, the causal relationships and molecular mechanisms by which redox cycles are embedded within ultradian, circadian or cell division cycles remain largely elusive. Yeast harbor an ultradian oscillator, the yeast metabolic cycle (YMC), which comprises metabolic/redox cycles, transcriptional cycles and synchronized cell division. Here, we reveal the existence of robust cycling of H2O2 and peroxiredoxin oxidation during the YMC and show that peroxiredoxin inactivation disrupts metabolic cycling and abolishes coupling with cell division. We find that thiol-disulfide oxidants and reductants predictably modulate the switching between different YMC metabolic states, which in turn predictably perturbs cell cycle entry and exit. We propose that oscillatory H2O2-dependent protein thiol oxidation is a key regulator of metabolic cycling and its coordination with cell division.
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Koritala BSC, Porter KI, Arshad OA, Gajula RP, Mitchell HD, Arman T, Manjanatha MG, Teeguarden J, Van Dongen HPA, McDermott JE, Gaddameedhi S. Night shift schedule causes circadian dysregulation of DNA repair genes and elevated DNA damage in humans. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12726. [PMID: 33638890 PMCID: PMC8011353 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian disruption has been identified as a risk factor for health disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Although epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of various cancers associated with circadian misalignment due to night shift work, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We sought to investigate the potential mechanistic role that circadian disruption of cancer hallmark pathway genes may play in the increased cancer risk in shift workers. In a controlled laboratory study, we investigated the circadian transcriptome of cancer hallmark pathway genes and associated biological pathways in circulating leukocytes obtained from healthy young adults during a 24-hour constant routine protocol following 3 days of simulated day shift or night shift. The simulated night shift schedule significantly altered the normal circadian rhythmicity of genes involved in cancer hallmark pathways. A DNA repair pathway showed significant enrichment of rhythmic genes following the simulated day shift schedule, but not following the simulated night shift schedule. In functional assessments, we demonstrated that there was an increased sensitivity to both endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage after exposure to simulated night shift. Our results suggest that circadian dysregulation of DNA repair may increase DNA damage and potentiate elevated cancer risk in night shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala S. C. Koritala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Porter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Osama A. Arshad
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rajendra P. Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Hugh D. Mitchell
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tarana Arman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Mugimane G. Manjanatha
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicology Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Justin Teeguarden
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Hans P. A. Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jason E. McDermott
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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